JOHANNESBURG

UNIVERSITY OF THEWITWATERSRAND,

Ukuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantoloIngxenye yesiqephu sokwazisa ngamalungelo akho esuka kwi-Wits Justice Project

Lencwadi yenziwe ngosizo lwezimali olusuka kwi European Union. Okuqukethwe

kulencwadi ngumthwalo we Wits Justice Project (WJP) futhi akuvezi uvo lwe European

Union, noma ngaphansi kweziphi izimo.

Ngo 2015, iWJP yamukele iminikelo ebuya kwi Raith Foundation, Open Society

Foundation for South Africa, Canon Collins Educational ne Legal Assistance Trust, Joffe

Trust Foundation, Claude Leon Foundation, kanye ne European Union.

Isaziso:

IWits Justice Project akusiyo inkampani yabammeli. Siyiqembu lezintatheli nabacwaningi.

Sinikezela ngolwazi ngezomthetho, asimeli abantu emacaleni. Xhumana banammeli uma

udinga izeluleko zomthetho.

1

Kuyini okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo?Uma ummangalelwa eye enkantolo, okungaba wukufaka isicelo sebheyili noma ukuqulwa kwecala, okwenzekayo enkantolo kungaqoshwa. Okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo kuyindaba ebhaliweyo yokuqoshiwe ngokwenzeka enkantolo. Le mibhalo kuhloswe ngayo ukuqopha izwi nezwi lalokho okwenzekile, okungaba izicelo zebheyili, izethulo zofakazi, ukukhuluma kwabameli nemibuzo yabo, nezinqumo zenkantolo.

Okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo kuhlinzeka amarekhodi okwenzekile noma

ukuqulwa kwecala. Kubalulekile ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi ummangalelwa ofuna

ukuphonsela inselelo umphumela wokuqulwa kwecala lakhe enkantolo

(njengokwedlulisa icala), uyakwazi ukusebenzisa le mibhalo yokuqulwa kokuqala

kwecala lakhe ukubonisa ukuthi kunezizathu ezanele zokuphonsela inselelo

isinqumo senkantolo.

Zimbili izindlela ummangalelwa angathola ngazo okubhaliweyo kokuqulwa

kwecala lakhe. Okokuqala wukufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa icala lakhe noma

sokubuyekezwa kwalo. Okwesibili, ukuthumela isaziso sokucela ikhophi yale

mibhalo enkantolo.

Inqubo yokuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo iyefana eNkantolo yeMantshi

naseNkantolo yamaJaji. Kula makhasi ambalwa alandelayo kwethuwa izeluleko

zendlela ummangalelwa angathola ngayo okubhaliweyo kulezi zinkantolo

ezimbili.

2

Amandla okulalela amacala obugebengu ezinkantoloIningi lamacala obugebengu aqala eziNkantolo zeziMantshi, ngaphandle uma

kuyicala elinzima. IziNkantolo zeziMantshi zehlukanisiwe. Kuba khona

ezesifunda nezezifundazwe. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinkantolo kuba

wuhlobo lwamacala nokugwetshwa okuvumelekile ngecala elenziwe. Lokhu

kubizwa ngokuthi amandla enkantolo. Ngokomthetho amandla enkantolo asho

indawo ethile inkantolo enamandla asemthethweni kuyo nohlobo lwamacala

engawalalela nezigwebo enokuzikhipha ngawo.

IziNkantolo zeziMantshi zesifunda yizinkantolo ezisezingeni eliphansi kunazo

zonke izinkantolo zezimantshi; azikwazi ukulalela amacala uma ummangalelwa

ebekwe icala lokuvukela umbuso, elokubulala, elokudlwengula, noma 1elokudlwengula okuphoqiwe. IziNkantolo zeziMantshi zesifunda zikhipha

kuphela izigwebo ezingevile eminyakeni emithathu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi

iziNkantolo zeziMantshi zesifunda, ngokwejwayelekile, zilalela kuphela amacala

angenzima noma amacala amancane obugebengu.

IziNkantolo zeziMantshi

zesifundazwe zingalalela

noma ngabe yiliphi icala

lapho ummangale lwa

e b e k w e k h o n a i c a l a

l o k u v u k e l a u m b u s o .

INkan to lo yeMantsh i

yesifundazwe ingakhipha

izigwebo ezingaphezu

kweminyaka emithathu,

ezingevile eminyakeni eyi-215. INkantolo yesifunda

neyesifundazwe zinqunyelwe indawo ethile ezinamagunya asemthethweni kuyo.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi iNkantolo yeMantshi yaseRandburg ingalalela kuphela

amacala akuleyo ndawo.

IziNkantolo zamaJaji ziyakwazi ukulalela amacala obugebengu. Zingaphansi

kwesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi izinkantolo ezinkului, okukhona kuzo iziNkantolo

zamaJaji, iNkantolo Ephakeme yokwedlulisa izinqumo neNkantolo

yoMthethosisekelo yakuleli. IziNkantolo zamaJaji ziyakwazi ukulalela icala

okokuqala, kanti iNkantolo Ephakeme yokwedlulisa izinqumo yona ilalela kuphela

amacala aselalelwe kuqala yiNkantolo yamaJaji, kwedluliswa kuyo izinqumo

3

zayo. INkantolo yamaJaji yinkantolo okuqalwa kuyo, kodwa iyasebenza futhi

njengenkantolo yokwedlulisa amacala enkantolo yeMantshi esebenza ngaphansi

kwayo. INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ingamandla asemthethweni ngazo zonke

izindawo eziphathelene nomthethosisekelo, ayivamile ukulalela icala

elingafikanga kuyo kwedluliswa isinqumo salo.

lziNkantolo zamaJaji imvama zinamandla ezomthetho endaweni enkulu

kuneNkantolo yeziMantshi, kanti ziyakwazi ukukhipha izigwebo ezinkulu

kuneNkantolo yeziMantshi. UMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu {Wama-

51 We-1977) uthi iNkantolo yamaJaji ingamnqumela ummangalelwa isigwebo

sokuvalelwa ejele, esokuvalelwa izikhathi ezithile, esenhlawulo, esokubhekelwa

ukuhlumelela kwesimilo, esokuvalelwa ejele lapho ummangelelwa engabekwa

khona abhekelwe ukuhlumelela kwesimilo, esokunikezwa isikhungo esisungulwe

n g o k o m t h e t h o , n o m a

e s o k u m e n y e z e l w a

njengeselelesi esejwayele 3ukwenza ubugebengu.

I N k a n t o l o y a m a J a j i

a y i n q u n y e l w e u b u d e

besigwebo engasikhipha,

ngaphandle uma kunomthetho

o p h a t h e l e n e n e s i g w e b o

esigunyaziwe esihambisana

n o b u g e b e n g u o b u t h i l e .

INingizimu Afrika inemithetho

ethile ephathelene nezigwebo

ezincane zezigaba ezithile

z o b u g e b e n g u , o k u m e l e

izinkantolo zenze njengokusho kwayo, ngaphandle uma kukhona izimo 4ezikhethekile.

1 Isigaba sama-89 soMthetho wama-32 WeNkantolo yeMantshi wonyaka we-1944. Ukudlwengula okuphoqiwe kusho

ukuthi “umuntu ('A') ophoqa ngokungemthetho nangenhloso umuntu wesithathu ('C'), ngaphandle kwemvume ka-C,

ukungena ngesitho sakhe sangasese kummangali (u-B), ngaphandle kwenvume ka-B, unecala lokudlwengula

okuphoqiwe.” Bheka iSigaba sesi-4 soMthetho Olawula Ubugebengu (Amacala ezocansi nokuphathelene nawo)

uMthetho ochitshiyelwe wama-32 wonyaka wezi-2007.

2 ISigaba sama-92 soMthetho wama-32 WeNkantolo weMantshi wonyaka we-1994 ubeka imikhawulo ngohlobo

lwezigwebo ezingakhishwa yiNkantolo yeMantshi.

3 ISigaba sama-276(1) soMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu.

4 Bheka iSigaba sama-51 neShejuli yesi-2 yoMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu ngemigomo okungenani

okumele ilandelwe uma kukhishwa izigwebo.

INkantolo YoMthethosisekelo

Yakuleli

Iyinkantolo ephakeme kunazozonke ezweni. Ilalela ukwedluliswakwezinqumo ezivela eNkantoloEphakeme yokwedlulisa izinqumo,noma iqinisekise izinqumozezomthethosisekelo ezithathweeNkantolo yamaJaji.

INkantolo Ephakeme

yokwedllulisaizinqumo

INkantolo yeMantshi

yesifundazwe

INkantolo yamaJaji

INkantolo yeMantshiyesifunda

Zedluliswa e-

Zedluliswa e-

Zombilizedlulisa

izinqumo e-

4

Okubhaliweyo eNkantolo yeMantshiNgokwemithetho yenkantolo yeMantshi kunezindlela ezimbili ummangalelwa

angakwazi ngazo ukuthola okubhaliweyo ekuqulweni kwecala lakhe. Eyokuqala

wukufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa icala lakhe eNkantolo yamaJaji. Eyesibili

wukuthumela isaziso sokucela kumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi, acele

ikhophi yemibhalo.

Indlela Yokuqala: Ukufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo noma

sokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo

Uma ummangalelwa efaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo ngaphansi kwesigaba

sama-309(1)(a) soMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu, noma

sokubuyekezwa kwaso ngokwesigaba sama-302 soMthetho Wenqubo Elawula

Ubugebengu, umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi kumele ahlanganise

amarekhodi ecala, awethule esikhulwini samajaji esizolalela ukwedluliswa

kwesinqumo noma ukubuyekezwa kwaso eNkantolo yamaJaji.

Amarekhodi azofaka amanoth i

abha lwe ngend le la yokubha la

esheshayo abhalwe ngesikhathi

kuqulwa icala okokuqala, kanye

nokubhaliweyo kwanoma ngabe yini

eyaqoshwa ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala

okokuqala. Lena yinqubo edingekayo

n g o k o m t h e t h o w a m a - 6 6 ( 1 )

wemithetho yeNkantolo yeziMantshi

n o M t h e t h o We n q u b o E l a w u l a

Ubugebengu.

Imvama ummeli wommangalelwa ufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo noma

sokubuyekezwa kwaso ngomlomo ekupheleni kokuqulwa kokuqala kwecala

lommangalelwa, nakuba kungenzeka ukuba afake isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo

noma sokubuyekezwa kwaso ngokusibhala emva kokuvalwa kokuqulwa

kwecala. Uma sesifakiwe isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo noma sokubuyekezwa

kwaso, umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi uzocinga okuqoshiwe kokuqulwa

kwecala akuthumele kwabazokubhala phansi. Uma sekubhaliwe phansi

okuqoshiweyo, imibhalo yakho iphindiselwa kumabhalane, ibe yingxenye

yamarekhodi okuqulwa kwecala. Umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi uzokwazi

kuphela ukuthola okuqoshiwe kokuqulwa kwecala uma ummangalelwa (noma

5

ummeli wakhe) enika umabhalane inombolo yokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukuthola okubhaliweyo kokwedluliswa kwesinqumo noma kokubuyekezwa

kwaso, ummangalelwa angafaka isicelo kumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi

acele ikhophi yokubhaliweyo ngokomthetho wama-66(4) wemithetho yeNkantolo

yeziMantshi. Emacaleni amaningi, ummangalelwa uzokwazi ukucela ummeli

wakhe ukuba aye eNkantolo yeMantshi, amcelele ikhophi yokubhaliweyo. Uma

isicelo sifakwa kwedluliswa isinqumo noma ngokubuyekezwa kwaso, uMbuso

uzokhokhela izindleko zekhophi yokubhaliweyo.

Uma ummangalelwa engenaye ummeli ozomyela eNkantolo, kungabhalelwa

umabhalane wokwedluliswa kwezinqumo kucelwe ikhophi yokubhaliweyo. Kulesi

simo kungacelwa inkokhelo yokwenza amakhophi okubhaliweyo ngaphambi

kokunikezwa woma ngumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi.

Uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukukhokhela izindleko zokubhaliweyo, angafaka

isicelo eNkantolo, acele ukuba okubhaliweyo kukhishwe ngesaphulelo.

Ummangalelwa kumele abonise iNkantolo ukuthi kunezizathu ezifanele zokucela

okubhaliweyo, abonise ukuthi akakwazi ukukukhokhela ngenxa yesimo sakhe

semali. Lesi sicelo kumele sifakwe ngokomthetho wama-66(9) wemithetho

yeNkantolo yeMantshi.

Uma sesifakiwe isicelo, umabhalane uzothumela isaziso eBhodini losizo

lwezomthetho ukuthola ukuthi ummangalelwa uyayifeza yini imigomo yokuthola

okubhaliweyo kwasennkantolo okuxhaswe ngezimali wuMbuso, nokuthola ukuthi

leli Bhodi lingasiza yini kulelo cala. Uma isiyamukelwe impendulo evela kuleli

Bhodi, umabhalane angalungisa okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo, akuthumele

ekhelini lejele okugcinwe kulo umenzi wecala.

6

Rule 66(1

)

of the

Magistrat

e’s

Court Rul

es

Rule 66(4)

of the

Magistrate

’s

Court Rul

es

Isin

yath

elo

so

ku

-1Is

inyath

elo

sesi-

2Is

inyath

elo

sesi-

2Is

inyath

elo

sesi-

2Is

inyath

elo

sesi-

2Is

inyath

elo

sesi-

2

Ummangalelwa ufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo ngaphansi

kwesigaba sama-309(1)(a) se-CPA NOMA sokubuyekezwa kwaso

ngokwesigaba sama-302 se-CPA

Umabhalane wenkantolo uhlanganisa amarekhodi ecala, awathumele esikhu-lwini samajaji eNkantolo yamaJaji elalela ukwedluliswa

kwesinqumo/kokubuyekezwa kwaso

Ummangalelwa angacela ikhophi yokubhaliweyo kwecala

kumabhalane wenkantolo

Umabhalane ucinga okuqoshiwe kokuqulwa kwecala, akuthumelele

abakubhala phansi.

Uma sekubhaliwe ukuqulwa kwecala, okubhaliweyo

kubuyiselwa enkantolo, kube yingxenye yamarekhodi

Ummangalelwa uyakwazi ukuthuma ummeli noma umngane noma

ilungu lomndeni ukuba liyomcelela amakhophi okubhaliweyo kwecala lakhe kumabhalane wasenkantolo.

7

Indlela Yesibili: Ukufaka isicelo sokubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo

ngokomthetho wama-66(4)(a) wemithetho yeNkantolo yeMantshi

Indlela yesibili yokuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo wukufaka isicelo sakho

kumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi ngokomthetho wama-66(4)(a) wemithetho

yeNkantolo yeMantshi. Umuntu angafaka isicelo sokubhaliweyo kokuqulwa

kwecala ngaphansi kwalo mthetho. Kodwa inkantolo ayizukukudedela

okubhaliweyo imali yaleso sicelo ingakakhokhwa.

Inkokhelo yesicelo sokubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo kumele inikwe umabhalane

ngaphambi kokuba akhiphe izwi lokwenziwa kwekhophi yakho. Izindleko

zokubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo zincike kubo ubude bokuqoshwa kokuqulwa

kwecala. Ngokwejwayelekile imali yekhasi lokubhaliweyo ilinganiselwa ema-

R25.00.

Inkantolo ayizukukudedela okubhaliweyo okucelwayo uma imali

yakho ingakhokhiwe

Umuntu angasifaka isicelo sokubhaliweyo kwecala kumabhalene

wenkantolo

Inkokhelo yokubhaliweyo kumele inikwe umabhalane wenkantolo

Uma ababhalayo sebewuphothulile umsebenzi wokubhala okuqoshiweyo, okubhaliweyo kuthunyelwa enkantolo.

Ummangalelwa angacela ummeli wakhe noma umngane noma ilungu lomndeni

ukuba amlandele leyo mibhalo.

8

Isikhathi sokubhala phansi okuqoshiweyo siya ngobude bokuqoshiweyo,

nangamandla enkantolo okuthola amadiskhi nomsebenzi ongaphothuliwe

wamacala okufakwe isicelo ngawo. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, sekutholakele

nokuqoshiweyo kwecala, ababhalayo bathi isikhathi sokubhala okuqoshiweyo

imvama siba phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Lesi

sikhathi asisifaki isikhathi sokubuyiswa kokubhaliweyo enkantolo.

Okubhaliweyo eNkantolo yamaJajiIndlela yokuthola okubhal iweyo kwaseNkantolo yamaJaj i iyafana

neyaseNkantolo yeMantshi.

Ummangelelwa ofale isicelo sokwedlulisa

isinqumo noma sokubuyekezwa kwaso

s i s u k a e N k a n t o l o y a m a J a j i s i y a

kwePhakeme yokwedlulisa isinqumo noma

sokubuyekezwa kwaso ulandela indlela

efanayo. Ngokwemithetho engaguqukiyo

yaseNkantolo yamaJaji, ummangalelwa

ofaka isicelo sokwedlul isa isinqumo

angacela ikhophi yokuqoshwa kokuqulwa

kwecala kumbhali (irejistra) waseNkantolo

yamaJaj i ngokukhokha imal i yakho

(Umthetho waseNkantolo ongaguqukiyo

wama-52(c)).

Uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukukhokha

imali yamarekhodi, angafaka isicelo kumbhali waseNkantolo yamaJaji

ngokomthetho waseNkantolo ongaguqukiyo wama-52(2), okunguyena ozothatha

isinqumo ngalolo daba.

9

Ukulandela okubhaliweyo kwakhoKungadikibalisa ukuzama ukuthola okubhaliweyo kwecala ngenqubo

yasenkantolo. Ezinye izinkatolo zithwele kanzima, akulula kuzo ukucubungula

izinkulungwane zezicelo zansuku zonke zokubhaliweyo kwamacala. Singaba

side kakhulu isikhathi sokuthola okubhaliweyo kwecala, okuncike kuleyo nkantolo

elalele icala lakho.

Ukuthola inqubekelaphambili ngokubhaliweyo kwecala lakho kumele uqikelele

ukuthi unayo inombolo yokuqulwa kwecala lakhe, namakhophi ezicelo

ezithunyelelwe umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi noma umbhali weNkantolo

yamaJaji ngokuphathelene nokubhaliweyo kwecala lakho.

Imvama umabhalane noma umbhali bangabantu abangathintwa ukuthola ukuthi

kukuphi okubhaliweyo kwecala lakho. Uma kunokwenzeka, indlela engcono

kakhulu wukucela ummeli wakho ukuba akuyele enkantolo. Uma

kungenakwenzeka (njengoba kunjalo kummeli osebenza nabe-Legal Aid South

Africa), kungasiza ukucela umngane noma ilungu lomndeni ukuyothola ukuthi

kukuphi okubhaliweyo kwecala lakho.

Enye indlela ukuthinta inkampane i-

iAfrica Transcriptions okuyiyona

esetshenziswa kakhulu yizintantolo

zaseGauteng ukubhala imibhalo

yasenkantolo. Ukuthinta le nkampane

k u n g a s i z a e k u t h o l e n i u k u t h i

okuqosh iweyo kweca la l akho

kuthunyelwe yini kubabhali nokuthi

kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani

ukubhalwa kwakho. Imiminingwane

y o k u t h i n t a n a n a b e - i A f r i c a

Transcriptions imi kanje:

IHHOVISI LASEPITOLI: 012 326 1881

IHHOVISI LASEGOLI: 011 333 8989

IHHOVISI LASEPOLOKWANE: 015 291 5522

IHHOVISI LASECAPE TOWN: 021 425 0975

IHHOVISI LASEGEORGE: 044 871 0846

I-IMEYILI: info@iafricatranscriptions.co.za

10

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