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Ubiquitous Computing:Issues and Challenges
Cynthia ChanKarina HernandezMahesh Kasinadhuni
DPS Team 2 Spring 2003
Outline
Overview – Goals, Issues and Challenges (MAHESH)
Nomadicity, Wireless, Internet (MAHESH) SW Infrastructure in Ubiquitous Computing
(KARINA) Application Design Challenges (KARINA) Future of Business Services (CYNTHIA) Social Issues in Ubiquitous Computing
(CYNTHIA)
Ubiquitous Computing
• Ubicomp
– What it Isn’t ?
• Ubicomp is the opposite of Virtual Reality, VR !
• Where VR puts people inside a computer-generated world, Ubicomp forces the computer to live in the world out there peopled
• VR is primarily a horse power problem
• Goal
– Integrating Anthropology, Computer Sc. and Social Science
– Fundamental Measure of Progress in Computing
• Involves rendering it as an inseparable part of our everyday experience while simultaneously making it disappear
Overview—Third Paradigm Computing
Phase I One person many computers Advances in
OS and UI Networks Wireless Microprocessor Cost/Perf. >> Displays
Activated the World Results
100s of wireless computing devices per person per office
Displays (1” to wall sized) Compact devices to mediate
support & organize all activities
Phase II Computer – A Dramatic M/C Path I - Invisible Path Growth in Technology
Tabs Pads Boards
Results Prototypes failed to be invisible !
Ubicomp in Post-Modernism Path II (2000—2020) Focus
New Directions Level of Embeddedness Dangling String Display ! Nomadicity
Level of Embeddedness
Low
Low
High
High
Pervasive Computing
Mobile Computing
TraditionalBusiness
Computing
Ubiquitous Computing
Level of Mobility
• Issues Today– As Technology becomes more embedded & integrated with mobility, the barriers between social and technical aspects become blurred
– New Devices must integrate w/existing PCs
– Nomadicity
– Security and Fraud
– Dangling String Display !
• Challenges – Developing & Integrating Ubicomp services w/
• Robust & Innovative mass-scale applications
• Integrating w/ Advances from Mobile & Pervasive Computing
• Internet provides the raw glue tying together PCs and Nomadics
Issues & Challenges
Implications of Nomadicity
Each person uses many devices
• Total Nomadic devices >> Number of People
Large Number of Fixed Devices
• Many Computers embedded in the environment
• Nomadic devices must interact with fixed infrastructure
Many Nomadic devices are essentially “PC Peripherals”
Wireless is Best for Nomadics
Wireless avoids plug and unplug problems
Moving hundreds of nomadic devices around is wire overload
Wireless permits easy use of installed local infrastructure
SW Infrastructure
Three key characteristics: Task Dynamism
Available everywhere/any time Device Heterogeneity and Resource
Constraints Adapt to changing technological
capabilities/hardware capabilities Computing in a Social Environment
SW Infrastructure Challenges
Semantic Modeling Developing a modeling language Developing and validating ontologies Agreeing on shared ontology parts
Building the Software Infrastructure Determine which user tasks are most relevant Finding and composing the appropriate
components and services Must be scalable
SW Infrastructure
Developing and Configuring Applications Composition of services, user interface,
data flow among components Reusable services
Validating the user experience Development of effective methods for
testing and evaluating the user scenarios
Business Services
Ubiquitous Computing will lead to Ubiquitous Commerce (right message, to the right person, at the right time!)
Impact on Business Strategy – awareness, accessibility, responsiveness
Point of Presence! Context! Change in nature of service providers (bursty,
point-of-presence value, service level commitments)
New services (businesses) will arise…
User Experience
Balance user perception of complexity versus efficiency, effectiveness… interaction-based
Environmental issues Achieving network effects Role of Context User Experience (management)
New challenges: Internet access (multiple devices) Available memory (truly personal devices) Seamless access cross-networks Online, offline interchangeability
Social Issues
Potential detrimental management behavior: log tracing, non-guidance.
Work can occur anytime, anywhere becomes all-the-time, everywhere.
Must study behavior and adaptation to ubiquitous computing at the Individual, (Virtual) Team, and (Virtual) organization level
Summary
Unlimited access computing with anytime/anyplace capabilities introduces powerful new technology into organizations.
The cost of Nomadicity will plummet Ubicomp predicts the $5 Nomadic PC peripheral Infra Structure crucial Short range wireless Technology required needs development Public Wireless accepts points a key Infra structure IR, Infra Red use will grow rapidly
Summary
The biggest challenges merging ubiquitous and wearable computing deal with fitting the computer to the human in terms of: Interface. Cognitive model. Contextual awareness. Adaptation to tasks being performed.
Wearable computers are an attractive way to deliver a ubiquitous computing system’s interface to a user, especially in non-office-building environment.
Summary
Ubiquitous computing is about interconnected hardware and software that are so ubiquitous that no one notices their presence.
Ubiquitous will enable people to focus on their tasks and on interacting with other people.
Summary
Ubiquitous computing enables businesses to redefine the key aspects of their customer relationships.
Businesses can become continuously aware of their customers needs and provide more natural and powerful means of access to their services.
Ubiquitous computing enables innovative forms of social action, novel organizational forms, and new business models.
Main References
Daniel P. Siewiorek, “New Frontier of Application Design”, Communications of ACM, December 2002
Guruduth Banavar, Abrahan Bernstein. “Software Infrastructure and Design Challenges for Ubiquitous Computing Applications”, Communications of ACM, December 2002
Andrew Fano, Anatole Gershman. “The Future of Business Services in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing”, Communications of ACM, December 2002
Leonard M. Jessup, Daniel Robey. “The Relevance of Social Issues in Ubiquitous Computing Environments”, Communications of ACM, December 2002
Kalle Lyytinen and Youngjin Yoo , “Issues and Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing”, Communications of ACM, December 2002.
Gordon B. Davis, “Anytim/Anyplace Computing and the Future of Knowledge Work, Communications of ACM December 2002.
Nayeem Islam and Mohamed Fayad, “Toward Ubiquitous Acceptance of Ubiquitous Computing”, Communications of the ACM, February 2003
W. Keith Edwards, Mark W. Newman, Jana Z. Sedivy, “Building the Ubiquitous Computing User Experience” by, CHI 2001, March 31
Steve Talbott, “The Trouble with Ubiquitous Technology Pushers” Mark Weiser , “Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing”, March
23, 93 http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiCACM.html