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U2OS Cell Cycle Chromobody®
ChromoTek‘s powerful U2OS Cell CycleChromobody® (U2OS CCC) is a stable cell line expressing our cell cycle marker ”ready to go“ for cellular screening. It enables you to screen for compounds such as cancer drugs for effects on the cell cycle and toxicity in one experiment. You can apply this High-Content Assay in early drug development and validation as well as in basic research. The U2OS CCC cell line is compatiblewith automated or traditional confocal andepifl uorescence microscopes.
Simultaneous read out of:• cell size and morphology• nuclear morpholgy• progression of S phase• mitosis
The challengeThe understanding of cellularprocesses in response to external stimuli is one of the major challenges in early drug discovery, compound screening and validation.Antibodies are the key reagents for visualizing cellular components but their use is restricted to fi xed cells. Furthermore, the use of antibodies is often hindered by batch-to-batchvariations and laborious multi-step staining protocols.
To study protein localization anddynamics you may use live cellimaging with fl uorescent fusionproteins. The main drawback of this approach is, however, that one can only visualize artifi cially introducedchimeric proteins. The endogenousproteins, their posttranslationalmodifi cations as well as non-protein components remain invisible.
Chromobody®-TechnologyTo directly visualize dynamic cellular processes in real time ChromoTek has developed Chromobodies®.Chromobodies® are a novel species of intracellular functional antibodies. Chromobodies® are based on theantigen binding domain (VHH) derivedfrom heavy chain antibodies ofcamelids genetically fused to TagGFP2 or TagRFP (from Evrogen).
U2OS Cell Cycle Chromobody® features at a glance: Stable U2OS cell line expressing Cell Cycle Chromobody® ready to go for cellular screening Trace dynamic changes during the cell cycle in real time Monitor the distribution of an endogenous cell cycle marker protein – in comparison to fl uorescent fusion proteins no overexpression artifacts or cytotoxic effects No effect on function of the cell
Assay ExamplesThe U2OS CCC cell line enables you to perform dynamic, non-invasive, multi-parameter assays with just one fl uorescent channel. This gives you the full fl exibility to multiplex it with otherprocedures including antibody stainings.
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U2OS Cell Cycle Chromobody®
Top: Chromobody® signal during the cell cycle. Confocal images were capturedusing the Opera High Content Screening System. To illustrate how the Chromobody®
binding signal changes over time, only a subsection of images are shown. The Chromobody® signal starts as a homogeneous distribution through the nucleus and cytoplasm. Over time the nucleus begins to appear granular and forms spots,fi nally the granularity disappears and the cell divides.Bottom: The texture parameters were used to measure the Cell Cycle Chromobody® signal in the nucleus (blue). Measurement of the cytoplasmic area was used to identify cells rounding up and entering mitosis (red).
Treatment of the U2OS CCC cell line with three differnt cell cylce inhibitors.16 hrs after addition of increasing concentrations of substances, cells were fi xedand DNA counterstained with DAPI. Three independent experiments were performedin duplicate. Images were acquired with an INCell Analyzer 1000. For imageanalysis and cell classifi cation INCell Workstation software was used to generate adecision tree based on nuclear size, shape and intensity and the amount and sizeof appearing nuclear granules/ spots (replication foci).
Aphidicolin: a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication(specifi c inhibitor of DNA polymerase A,D). Blocks the cell cycle at early S phase.
Nocodazole: agent interfering with the polymerization of microtubules.G2-/ M-phase arrest. Cells enter mitosis but can not form metaphase spindles.
Trichostatin A (TSA): a compound that selectively inhibits the class I and II mammalian histone deacetylase (HDACs). TSA inhibits the eukaryotic cell cycle during mid/ late S phase.
