Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

8/3/2019 Typology of 21 Nursing Problems

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Typology

of 21Nursing

Problems

Faye Glenn Abdellah


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We cannot wait for the world

to change. Those of us withintelligence, purpose, and

vision must take the lead andchange the world. Let usmove forward together! I

promise never to rest untilmy work has beencompleted!"


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SHORT HISTORY Born on March 13, 1919

Pioneer in nursing research She helped transform nursing theory,

nursing care and nursing education and

as a result was inducted into The NationalWomens Hall of fame in 2000.


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She developed educational materials in many

key areas of public health, including AIDS, thementally handicap, violence, hospice care,

smoking cessation, alcoholism, and drugaddiction.

Describe nursing as a service to individuals,tofamilies, and therefore to society.

According to her, nursing is based on an artand competencies, and technical skills of theindividual nurse into the desire and ability tohelp people, sick or well, cope with their health

needs.

SHORT HISTORY


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BASIC TO ALL PATIENTS

1. To maintain good hygiene and physical comfort. 2. To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest and

sleep. 3. To promote safety through the prevention of

accidents, injury, or other trauma and through the prevention of the spread

of infection. 4. To maintain good body mechanics and prevent

and correct deformities

Typology of 21 Nursing

Problems


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SUSTENAL CARE NEEDS

5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply ofoxygen to all body cells. 6. To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all

body cells.

7. To facilitate the maintenance of elimination. 8. To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and

electrolyte balance. 9. To recognize the physiological responses of the

body to disease condition.


Problems


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REMEDIAL CARE NEEDS 10. To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory

mechanisms and functions.11. To facilitate the maintenance of sensoryfunction

12. To identify and accept positive and negativeexpressions, feelings,

and reactions.

13. To identify and accept the interrelatedness ofemotions and organic illness.


Problems


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RESTORATIVE CARE NEEDS 14. To facilitate the maintenance of effective

verbal and non verbal

communication.

15. To promote the development of productive

interpersonal relationships. 16. To facilitate progress toward achievement of

personal spiritual goals.

17. To create and or maintain a therapeutic

environment.


Problems


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18. To facilitate awareness of self as an individual withvarying physical , emotional, and developmental needs.

19. To accept the optimum possible goals in the light oflimitations, physical and emotional.

20. To use community resources as an aid in resolvingproblems arising from illness.

21. To understand the role of social problems asinfluencing factors in the case of illness


Problems


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Person Abdellah describes people as having physical,

emotional, and sociological needs. These needsmay overt, consisting of largely physical needs,or covert, such as emotional and social needs.

Patient is described as the only justification for

the existence of nursing. Individuals (and families) are the recipients of

nursing Health, or achieving of it, is the purpose of

nursing services.

Abdellahs Metaparadigm in

Nursing


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NursingNursing Nursing is a helping profession. In Abdellahs model, nursing

care is doing something to or for the person or providing

information to the person with the goals of meeting needs,increasing or restoring self-help ability, or alleviatingimpairment.

Nursing is broadly grouped into the 21 problem areas to guide

care and promote use of nursing judgment.

She considers nursing to be comprehensive service that isbased on artand science and aims to help people, sick or well,cope with their healthneeds.


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NursingHealth

In PatientCentered Approaches toNursing, Abdellah describes health as astate mutually exclusive of illness


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NursingSociety/Environment

The environment is the home orcommunity from which patient comes


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ASSESSMENT PHASESESSMENT PHASENursing problems provide guidelines for thecollection of data.

A principle underlying the problem solvingapproach is that for each identified problem,pertinent data are collected.

The overt or covert nature of the problemsnecessitates a direct or indirect approach,respectively.

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN

THE NURSING PROCESS


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NURSING DIAGNOSISNURSING DIAGNOSIS

The results of data collection would determine the

clients specific overt or covert problems.

These specific problems would be grouped under

one or more of the broader nursing problems.

This step is consistent with that involved innursing diagnosis.

USE OF 21 PROBLEMS IN THENURSING PROCESS


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PLANNING PHASENING PHASE

The statements of nursing problems mostclosely resemble goal statements.Therefore, once a problem has beendiagnosed, the goals have beenestablished.



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IMPLEMENTATION

Using the goals as the framework, a plan

is developed and appropriate nursinginterventions are determined.



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EVALUATION

According to the American NursesAssociation Standards of Nursing Practice,the plan is evaluated in terms of theclients progress or lack of progress

toward the achievement of the stated goal.


Documents

Typology of 21 Nursing Problems