Upload
augustus-phelps
View
216
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Types of governmentSix possibilities (could there be more?)
Direct democracy
• Established by the Greeks• All eligible citizens voted on all decisions• Roughly 1/10 to 1/5 of people were eligible
Republic
• Used by the Romans• Powerful senate and popular assemblies• Everyone could participate at some level,
though the Senate had the most power
Absolute monarchy
• The monarch has concentrated power and controls all major decisions• Ministers appointed by the monarchy
might have some influence
Enlightened monarchy
• Still had absolute power• Appointed good advisers and listened
to their advice• Final decisions still made by monarch
Constitutional monarchy
• The power of the monarchy is limited by a parliament• Parliament comprised of nobles• More of a partnership
Representative democracy
• People elect representatives to put forward their position and concerns in an assembly/parliament• Qualification by gender, race
or wealth may be a factor
How did government evolve ?
• Read the following sections in the text book:
Page 518-519Pages 520 (From Restoration….) – 521 (Constitutional government evolves)
Be sure to note key these key terms:
Dissolving parliament Cavaliers & Roundheads DictatorCommonwealth Restoration Glorious RevolutionLimited monarchy Constitutional government
Why the Civil War in Britain is important to study.• First time an elected body (parliament) showed power over a monarch• First time a sitting king was tried and executed • Limited the power of the Catholic church (and banned Catholics from
becoming monarch)• First set of citizens’ rights recorded – Bill of Rights – guaranteeing certain
rights for citizens• Highly influential for future governments in Europe and the US• Cavaliers & Roundheads
English Civil War• King’s army • Parliament’s army (commanded by Cromwell)
Execution of a king• Charles I condemned to death• First time a monarch is tried and executed
Parliamentary power• Death of Charles proves parliament’s authority• Other European countries shocked by the execution
Brief experiment as a republic•Britain under ruler of Lord Protector (Cromwell)•No monarchyProtestantism rules•Catholics tolerated (limited)•Puritanical values (strong belief in the role of religion)
A king returns•Parliament welcomes Charles II to the throne•Charles works with parliament
Then came James II….& the glorious revolution
James II (brother of Charles I)•Saw himself with absolute power: also he was a Catholic•Contempt for parliament
Parliament shows its power•Invites James’ cousin, Mary, to take the throne•Her husband is William, a Dutch protestant
James flees to France (which is still Catholic)•William and Mary assume the throne of England, Scotland & Ireland•The new rulers must obey parliament
The Bill of Rights (1689)
Before crowning William & Mary, parliament made them accept the Bill of Rights.
Required the monarchy to regularly summon parliament.
Gave parliament power over spending; barred a Catholic monarch; and gave citizens the right of a trial by jury.
Bill of Rights - effects
• People elected representatives
• Power over monarchy
Parliament
• All citizens have natural rights
• Social contract between the ruled and the rulers
Enlightenment
• Defined by a set of laws
• Specialization emerges (prime minister, political parties etc.)
Government
The big picture
•The power of absolute monarchs had been broken•Politicians, not kings, gained authority•Parliament’s success in Britain paved the way for further changes