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Two Examples of Ligh2ng Detec2on by Venus Express Dynamic spectra show that the power of the waves is mostly transverse to the field, they are right-‐hand circularly polarized, and they propagate in the direc2on of the local magne2c field. All consistent with ELF whistler-‐mode waves generated by lightning. The event on October 10, 2012 (leJ) is the longest con2nuous burst in this study. It contributed 65 seconds of lightning ac2vity to the sta2s2cs. The average burst length is 6 seconds. The event on May 29, 2013 (right) demonstrates how the frequency of an individual burst may change over 2me.
Lightning Sta2s2cs • Histograms of ELF wave ac2vity
detected with respect to la2tude (top) and local 2me (boUom) for the al2tudes 200-‐350 km. This range accounts for almost 70% of the lightning observa2ons.
• Average of 3 Venus years spanning from 1 Jan. 2012 to 5 Nov. 2013.
• Normalized to account for the varying 2mes that Venus Express spent in each bin.
• ELF wave ac2vity detected about 1% of the 2me spent at these al2tudes.