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Twin Cities Oracle Users GroupA Comparison of
SQL Server 2000
and
Oracle 9i Databases
Fred Potthoff, Adjunct Faculty
Jerry Heath, Resident Faculty
Metropolitan State Univ - MIS Dept
January 15, 2004
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Introduction Why Compare the databases?
We often run both databases at one site SQL Server is growing up - size / installs
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Introduction Who I am - [email protected]
Community Faculty - MIS Dept MBA from UCLA - Computer Info Systems 20+ years with relational databases
Developer and DBA Ingres, Teradata/Sharebase, Oracle, SQL Server
Who I am - [email protected] Resident Faculty, Associate Professor Formerly at Univ of Washington and Hawaii 15+ years teaching Set Up SQL Server and Oracle Databases
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Overview
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OverviewOracle Had 11% increase in DB sales in 2003
Microsoft had 18% increase in DB sales 2003
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Overview - 2002 ERP Apps % of Installations Oracle SQLServer
SAP 76% 3% PeopleSoft 72% 7% Siebel 81% 4%
ERP Market Share
2001 50% 21%
2002 54% 21%
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Topics of Discussion
1. Architecture
2. Installation
3. Transactions and Record Locking
4. Performance Tuning
5. Database Management
6. Backup and Recovery
7. Cost and Licensing Arrangements
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1 - Architecture Definition of Database / Instance Memory Configuration Threads Background Processes File Structure
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1a - Instances
Details about this topic Supporting information and examples How it relates to your audience
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1a - Instances
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1b - Memory ConfigurationOracle SQL
Server
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1c - Oracle Memory and Processes
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1c - Threads
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1c - Threads
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1d - Background ProcessesOracle
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1e - File Structure
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1e - File StructureSQL Server
For Backup Information
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2 - Installation Release Notation Product Types Platforms Install Comparison
Oracle SQL Server 2000
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2a - Release Notation Oracle
9.2.0.1.0 Major release Maintenance release Application server release Component specific release Platform specific release
SQL Server 2000 8.0
Major release Minor release
Apply service packs - sp3a
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2b - Product Types Enterprise Standard Licensing:
Per Processor Units
Oracle - Named User SQL Server 2000 - Client Access License
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2c - Oracle Platforms Operating System
UNIX - IBM’s AIX, HP-UX, Sun Solaris LINUX Windows NT 4.0, service pack 5 Windows 2000, service pack 1 Windows 2003 Windows XP
Hardware - IBM, HP, Sun, + Intel Pentium 166 MHz or higher 128 MB RAM - 256 MB better Hard Disk: 140 MB System
4.5 GB Home (FAT)or 2.8 GB Home (NTFS)
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2c - SQL Server 2000 Platforms Operating System
Windows NT 4.0, service pack 5 Windows 2000 Server Windows 2003 Server
Hardware Pentium 166 MHz or higher 64 MB RAM - 128 MB better Hard Disk: 95-270 MB (250 usual)
50 MB min Analysis Serv
80 MB English Query
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2d - Oracle DB Creation Oracle Command Line Script or GUI Command Line Script on NT
oradim.exe SQL*Plus SQLNet Config
GUI Database Configuration Assistant
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2d - SQL Server 2000 DB Creation Installation CD Installation wizard on the CD
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2d - Oracle Steps
1. Plan database tables, indexes, estimate space
2. Plan layout of OS files that make DB
3. Consider Oracle Managed Files
4. Select Global Database Name
5. Create / modify server parameter file(s)
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2d - Oracle Steps
6. Select DB Character Set
7. Determine time zones supported
8. Set up undo tablespace
9. Develop backup / recovery strategy
10. Startup and shutdown databases
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2d - SQL Server 2000 Steps1. Plan database tables, indexes,
estimate space
2. Plan layout of OS files that make DBPossible Layout:Drive RAID Contents C: 1 OS+installed apps E: 1or 10 System DB Files F: 1 Filegroup “Data” Files G: 1 Filegroup “Index” Files H: 1 Transaction Log Files
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2d - SQL Server 2000 Steps3. Select Instance name or Default name
4. Set up account in which services run
5. Install Collation (language), sort order
6. Is Full Text Search and English Query Required?
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2d - SQL Server 2000 Steps
7. Determine Authentication Mode
8. Set up Networking Services
9. Develop backup / recovery strategy
10. Startup and shutdown databases
11. Option - Install OLAP, Data Mining Analysis Services
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3 - Transactions / Record Locking
Rollback Segments / Redo Logs Record Locks T-SQL vs SQL-Plus Transactions
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3a - Rollback Segments / Redo Logs Undo Tablespace in 9i Redo Logs
Oracle
Note: DBA can still use Rollback Segments, if desired
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3a - Rollback Segments / Redo LogsSQL Server Transaction Log is present in each
Database of each Instance Equivalent of Oracle undo and redo
logs
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3b - Record Locks SQL Server more complex than Oracle
Caused by lack of rollback segments Additional isolation levels to maintain
read consistency Possible for writers to block readers Increased possibility for:
deadlocking long-sustained blocking
Keep transactions as short as possible Oracle never escalates locks
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3b - Record Locks•INTENT (I)
•SHARED (S)
•UPDATE (U)
•EXCLUSIVE (X)
•SCHEMA (Sch-
[M,S])
•BULK UPDATE
(BU)
•RANGE[I]_[S,U,X,
N]
•RID •PAGE •EXT •TAB •IDX •FIL •KEY•DB
•GRANT •WAIT •CNVRT
Lock Types Resources Status
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3b - Record Locks
The transaction isolation levels are: SQL Server Oracle Read Uncommitted N/A Read Committed (default) Read Committed
(default) Repeatable Read N/A Serializable Serializable
N/A Read Only (ANSI)
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3c - T-SQL vs SQL-Plus Transactions
T-SQL command:SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL[ READ COMMITTED, READ UNCOMMITTEDREPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE ] You can view the isolation level via the
command: DBCC USEROPTIONS SQL-Plus command:SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL[READ COMMITTED , SERIALIZABLE]
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3c - T-SQL vs SQL-Plus Transactions
Example:set transaction isolation level serializable
begin transactionselect * from mytableexec sp_lock @@spid
commit transaction
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3c - T-SQL vs SQL-Plus Transactions
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3c - T-SQL vs SQL-Plus Transactions
The key difference - inability for SQL Server to pause or re-start transactions as Oracle can
Can have savepoints like Oracle
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4 - Performance Tuning TPC Benchmarks Trace Explain Plan Performance Monitor Indexing Index Tuning Stored Procedures
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4 - TPC Benchmarks TPC - Transaction Processing
Performance Council www.tpc.org TPC-C Benchmark - Order Entry
Established in 1992 5 transaction types
New Order Payment Delivery Order Status Stock Level
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4 - TPC-C Results as of May 9, 1997
TPC-C Results by DBMS
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000
Throughput (tpmC)
Pri
ce/P
erfo
rman
ce (
$/tp
mC
)
Informix
Microsoft
Oracle
Sybase
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4 - TPC-C Ver 5 Performance
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4 - TPC-C Ver 5 Price Performance
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4 - Oracle Trace
PLUS: UTLBSTAT, UTLESTAT, STATSPACK
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4 - SQL Server Profiler GUI that allows you to trace:
Cursors Database - data and log file changes Errors and Warnings Locks Performance Security audit - like password changes Stored Procedures Transactions T-SQL Commands
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4 - Oracle Explain Plan
Rows Execution Plan-------- ---------------------------------------------------- 12 SORT AGGREGATE 2 SORT GROUP BY 76563 NESTED LOOPS 76575 NESTED LOOPS 19 TABLE ACCESS FULL CN_PAYRUNS_ALL 76570 TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID CN_POSTING_DETAILS_ALL 76570 INDEX RANGE SCAN (object id 178321) 76563 TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID CN_PAYMENT_WORKSHEETS_ALL11432983 INDEX RANGE SCAN (object id 186024)
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4 - SQL Server Explain Plan
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4 - Oracle Performance Manager Different from NT Performance Monitor
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4 - Performance Monitor (perfmon.exe)
Each SQL Server Instance installed has performance monitor counters
Statistics for: CPU Usage CPU Context Switches Disk I/O Memory and Paging SQL Server Cache, Buffer Manager,
Trans/Sec, Page Splits, Full Scans, Wait Times
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4 - SQL Clustered Index Table rows are sorted in same order as Index A table can contain only one clustered index UPDATE and DELETE operations are often
accelerated Creating and Modifying Index Values causes
Table to be Reorganized on Disk Good for:
Retrieving many records at once from table Getting a range of values Columns with limited number of values
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4 - Oracle Clusters
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4 - Oracle Reverse-Key Index Reverses the bytes of each column
indexed (except the rowid) while keeping the column order
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4 - SQL Server Index and Table Fragmentation
Database Console Commands to use in T-SQL: DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS DBCC
UPDATEUSAGE([DBNAME,TABLE,INDEX])
DBCC
SHOWCONTIG([DBNAME,TABLE,INDEX]) DBCC DBREINDEX DBCC INDEXDEFRAG - run online
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4 - Oracle Index Tuning Wizard Use with Oracle cost-based optimizer Part of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Tuning Pack Identifies tables in need of index
changes Presents its findings in reports Allow you to automatically implement
recommendations
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4 - SQL Server Index Tuning
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4 - Stored Procedures Compiled Stored Procedures
Minimize Business Tier Activity SQLServer2000 - Extended stored
procedures (DLL’s)
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5 - Database Management Oracle RAC SQL Server 2000 Failover Clusters SQL Server 2000 Federated Databases Partitioned Tables Online Object Redefinition Globalization Services SQL Loader / DTS
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5 - Oracle Real Application Clusters
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5 - SQL Server Failover Clustering
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5 - SQL Server Federated Databases•Distributed Partitioned Views•Union All of distributed tables across DBs
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5 - Partitioned Tables
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5 - Oracle 9i Online Object Redefinition
New in Oracle 9i: oracle redefinition PL/SQL
package DBMS_REDEFINITITION
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5 - Globalization Services Oracle 9i - Globalization Services
Expanded National Language Support
SQL Server 2000 Collation
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5 - SQL Loader / DTS Oracle SQL Loader - command line SQL Server - use DTS Data
Transformation Service Import / Export Wizard, or
bulk copy BCP command line tool BULK INSERT DML command
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6 - Backup and Recovery Backup
Hot / Online Backups Differential Backups Archived Log Backups Log Shipping
Recovery
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6a - Backup: Oracle vs SQL Server ORACLE SQL SERVER Hot Backup All full backups are HOT Full Backups HOT Full Backup Differential Increment Same as Oracle
Backups Archive Log Transaction Log RMAN No Equivalent Import/Export (full) Closest are: BCP
Database Scripting
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6a - SQL Server Recovery Models Simple
MASTER MODEL MSDB TEMPDB
Full Bulk Logged
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6a - SQL Server Media
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6a - Differential Backups
SQL Server:BACKUP DATABASE [mydb]TO DISK = ‘e:\dbbackups\mydb\ mydb_20020624_full.bak’WITH DIFFERENTIAL,INIT, NAME = 'Differential Backup of MYDB on
06/24/2002’
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6a - Archived Log Backups SQL Server - called Transaction Log
1 Log for each database in an instance Database must be set up to be full or bulk-
logged recovery mode
BACKUP LOG [mydb] WITH TRUNCATE_ONLY
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6a - Log Shipping
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6b - Recovery Oracle
manual via sqlplus via RMAN Enterprise Manager
SQL Server rebuildm.exe Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer SQL Server Service Control Manager
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7 - Cost and Licensing Sql Server 2000
Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Cost
Oracle 9i Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Cost
Total Cost of Ownership
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7a - SQL Server Standard Edition SMP to 4 CPUs, 2GB of RAM Core functionality of e-commerce, data
warehousing, line-of-business solns Data Transformation Services (DTS) Replication - snapshot,transactional,merge Full-text search English Query Stored Procedure development tools SQL Profiling and Performance Analysis
Tools
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7a - SQL Server Enterprise Edition Enterprise Edition - includes:
32-bit: 32 CPUs and 64 GB RAM 64-bit: 64 CPUs and 512 GB RAM Distributed Partitioned Views Log Shipping Fail over Clustering Indexed Views Multi-language Capability OLAP Direct SAN support
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7a - SQL Server Pricing
http://www.microsoft.com/sql/howtobuy/sqlserverlicensing.asp
•Client Access License $146 per device or user•CPU License (Windows Server O/S license required):
•Enterprise Edition $20,000 per processor•Standard Edition $5,000 per processor
SQL Windowsor Server 2003 Server
•Server License requiring CALs: O/S•Enterprise w/ 25 CALs $11,099 $3,399•Standard w/ 5 CALs $1,489 $999•Standard w/ 10 CALs $2,249 $1,199
The above prices are full retail
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7a - SQL Server Support New Software Assurance Program
Based on License price of product covered Costs 25% per year for each server product Costs 29% per year for each desktop
product Linked to your Microsoft Volume License
Agreement
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7a - SQL Server Support Features of Software Assurance Program
New version rights Spread payments Problem resolution support Extended lifecycle hotfix support Enterprise source licensing program Corporate Error Reporting eLearning
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7b - Oracle Standard DB Std One - 1 processor, min 5 named users Standard - Up to 4 processors Oracle Fail Safe Flashback Query Java, XML, Globalization Support Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle Statistics Management Oracle Analytic Functions Oracle Text Gateways to other systems / applications
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7b - Oracle Enterprise DB Minimum 25 named users +Available Add-Ons: Oracle Data Guard Oracle Transparent Application Failover Virtual Private Database Database Resource Manager Oracle Streams Oracle Partitioning Oracle Real Application Clusters Oracle Diagnostics Pack Oracle Tuning Pack Oracle OLAP Oracle Data Mining
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7b - Oracle 9i DB PricingCPU License
•Enterprise Edition $40,000 per processor•Standard Edition $15,000 per proc (4 proc max)•Std Edition One $5,995 (1 processor only)
•Licensing by Named Users w/ 1 processor:•Enterprise w/ min 25 NUs $20K ($800 * 25)•Standard w/ min 5 NUs $1,275 ($300 * 5)•Standard 1 w/ min 5 NUs $975 ($195 * 5)
•Named User Price varies by Edition
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7b - Oracle 9i DB Pricing•Enterprise Edition Options (per processor)
•Real Application Clusters $20,000
•OLAP $20,000
•Partitioning $10,000
•Data Mining $20,000
•Enterprise Manager Options
•Development Tools
•InterConnect Adapters
•Application Server
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7b - Oracle 9i Support Upgrade - 15% of license Support - 7% of license Support won’t increase more than 4%/yr
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7c - Total Cost of Ownership Software Licensing and Support Costs Hardware Purchase and Support Costs Operations Administration Indirect Costs of
End-User Operations Downtime
Affected by Assumptions made Changing hardware / software mix
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7c - Total Cost of Ownership
Example 1 - Magic Market Research, 2002 Assumptions:
4-processor system Only factor in known costs 3 apps - Enterprise, Custom Web, and
Business Intelligence DB2 had lowest TOC
Then SQL Server 2000 Then Oracle
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7c - Total Cost of Ownership
Example 2 - Input Market Research 2002 Assumptions:
Packaged application environment SQL Server DBA serves 684 users Oracle DBA serves 3000+ users
Oracle had lower TOC per user
Cost Item Oracle SQLServerLicense $29.54 $6.05
Consult/Impl 2.64 9.23
Support/Maint 34.51 102.43
Total $66.69 $117.71
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Forrester Comparison - BISQL Server 2000 Enterprise vsOracle 9i Business Intelligence
Out of 5 PointsData Management 3.7 3.9
Business Specialization 2.0 2.5
Data Mining & Analytics 3.8 4.6
Information Delivery 3.9 4.5
Consistency 4.1 3.5
Integration 1.8 3.3
Architecture 3.4 4.5
Globalization 3.8 4.7
Vendor Strength 4.5 4.5
Cost 3.3 0.5
SQL Server Oracle 9i
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The Future New releases in 2004
Microsoft Yukon Oracle 10g
How you benefit
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What This Means
Stay aware of new developments
Be aware of strategic goals of your enterprise
Implement databases as part of entire IT integration strategy
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Bibliography SQL Server 2000 for the Oracle DBA by Christopher Kempster, 2003, Perth, Western Australia
The Heterogeneous DBA by Chuck Sudowsky, 2003, Irvine, CA, Quest Software
Database Software Trends Webcast, Oct 28, 2003, Irvine, CA, Quest Software
Oracle 9i Database Release 2 New Features Oracle Whitepaper, May 2002
Oracle 9i Database Release 2 on Windows: Development and Deployment, Oracle Whitepaper, May 2003
Oracle 9I: Developing with Microsoft .NET, Oracle Whitepaper, April 2003
DbForums - Oracle 9i vs MS SQL Server 2000 Technical Comparison by Kent Faulkner, USA, April 2003 (biased against MS)
Technical Comparison of Oracle 9i Database and SQL Server 2000: Focus on Performance, Oracle Whitepaper, June 2002
Database Architecture: Federated vs Clustered, Oracle Whitepaper, March 2002
Technical Comparison of Oracle 9i Database vs SQL Server 2000: Focus on Manageability, Oracle Whitepaper, Nov 2002
SQL Server 2000 vs Oracle9i - Alexander Chigrik Mar 30, 2003 - see link
http://www.mssqlcity.com/Articles/Compare/sql_server_vs_oracle.htm
Oracle9i Database Compared to SQL Server.htm Written by Oracle. Biased to Oracle.
Forrester Scorecard of Oracle 9I vs MS Sql Server 2000 - BI - Nov 2003
Microsoft SQL Server Web Pages - new features + pricing + Migrating Oracle Databases to SQL Server 2000
Oracle Partner Info - Oracle pricing, partitioning by CPUs
Oracle Pricing from Oracle 9i Partner e-page
SearchWin2000Info directory - June 2002 interview with Oracle vp: 9i vs SQL Server
+ Interview with Microsoft vp: Oracle Isn’t All That Bad
TPC benchmarks - tpc.org
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Questions and Answers Architecture Installation Transactions and Record Locking Performance Tuning Database Management Backup and Recovery Cost and Licensing Arrangements
