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Presentation : Discovering Sea Ice from Space - Artic Sea Iceusing passive microwave radiometryTugas Matakuliah Penginderaan Jauh Oseanografi by Astrini Nurul Sentanu
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Discovering
The Sea Ice
From Space : Artic Ice Extent
PROGRAM STUDI OSEANOGRAFI
FAKULTAS ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI KEBUMIAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG - 2013
Astrini Nurul Sentanu
NIM 12910016
Penginderaan Jauh Oseangrafi
SEA ICE ?
SEA ICE
Frozen seawater that floats on the ocean surface
Most significat feature of the polar ocean environment
It forms, grows, and melts in the ocean. In contrast, icebergs,
glaciers, and ice shelves float in the ocean but originate on land
http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/quickfacts/images/seaice_04.jpg
SEA ICE
Sea Ice ada di :
Kutub Utara - Artic
Kutub Selatan – Antartic
Efek dari sea ice untuk manusia
Massa air (T,S) di Greenland dan Norwegia
Overturning Global Thermohaline Ocean Circulation [ Rahmstorf,
2006]
Climate modelling
Biological monitoring
Resource access
National defence
Tourism & Navigation
SEA ICE ARTIC FROM SPACE
Dangerous !
Extreme Climate
Hi-Cost
IDE UTAMA
Sea Ice memantulkan 80% cahaya matahari “Whiter”
Laut menyerap 90% cahaya matahari “Darker”
Kondisi Artic :
70% - 90% ditutupi awan
Saat malam kutub utara benar-benar gelap
Emisivitas Es – Air Laut
PASSIVE MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY
Kelebihan :
Awan tidak mengemisikan radiasi microwave
Tidak terpengaruh dengan matahari (day & night observ.)
Es mengemisikan microwave energy lebih banyak dari
liquid water in the ocean
The most complete, long-term obsrv. of sea ice :
NSIDC
ESMR 1972 electrically scanning microwave radiometer
SMMR 1978 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Rad
SSM/I 1987 Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
ASMR-E 2002 Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – E (Oct 2011)
AMSR-E
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System
Aqua Satellite – 4 Mei 2002
12 channel, 6 frekuensi, conically-scanning, passive microwave
radiometer
Horizontally & vertically polarized microwave radiation
Footprint size :
89GHz - 4x6 km2
19GHz – 16x27km2 (weather filters; mendeteksi es palsu)
Spesifikasi AMSR-E
AMSR-E
Measure :
Terrestrial
Oceanic
Global water
Energy cycles
Precipitation rate
Sea surface temperature
Sea ice concetration
Snow water equivalent
Soil moisture
Wind speed
Water vapor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Aqua_Satellite.jpg
Sun synchronous, near-polar orbit
Equatorial Crossing : 1:30 p.m.,
acsending node Inclination : 98°
Altitude : 705 km
Period : 99 minutes Semi-major
Axis : 7085 km
Eccentricity : 0.0015
Satellite Monitoring
Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
(oct 1978)
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor
Microwave Imager (1987)
Aqua (2002)
ARTIST Sea Ice (ASI) Algoritm [1]
Artic Radiation and Tubulence Interaction Study
Sea Ice Concentration – Extent
ARTIST Sea Ice (ASI) Algoritm [2]
Untuk mengetahui semua konsentrasi es dari 0% - 100% perlu
dilakukan interpolasi dari solusi (eq.8) dan (eq.9)
AMSR-E : Weather Filters
89GHz channels : hasilnya dipengaruhi oleh awan (cloud liquid
water) dan uap air
Tahap Filter Cuaca :
a. GR 36.5/8.7 GHz Channels
Menghilangkan pengaruh awan [Gloersen & Cavalieri, 1986]
b. GR 23.8/18.7GHz
menghilangkan uap air [Cavalieri et al., 1995]
c. C(Bootstrap) = 0
Koreksi es palsu
AMSR-E Validation and Error Estimation
In-situ measurements
Field camp (UNISOVIET)
Buoy
Komposit data peta harian, bulanan selama 30 tahun
(1979 – 2011)
Contoh Peta
Artic Seasonal Cycle
Artic Extent Area
Kesimpulan
ASMR-E memberikan resolusi spasial yg besar
Dapat menghasilkan data siang dan malam
Rata-rata extent
5.7 x 106 Km2 untuk musim dingin
7.0 x 106 Km2 di musim panas
Perubahan luas area es artic - siklus
Daftar Pustaka Donlon, C. J., M. Martin, J. Stark, J. Roerts-Jones, and E. Fiedler (2010), The operational sea
surface temperature and sea ice analysis (OSTIA). Remote Sens. Environ., submitted to AATSR
Special Issue
Meier, Walt ( ), The Way Forward for Calibrating Sea Ice Product. National Snow and Ice Data
Center
R.G. Barry, J. Maslanik, K. Steffen, R.L. Weaver, V. Troisi,D.J. Cavalieri, and S. Martin, Advances in
Sea-Ice Research Based On Remotely Sensed Passive Microwave Data
Spreen G., L. Kaleschke, and G. Heygstre (2008), Sea Ice Remote Sensing Using AMSR-E 89-
GHz Channles, J. Geophys. Res, 113, C02S03, doi:10.1029/2005JC003384
http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/seaice/ 16 Oktober 2013 21:08 WIB
https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/sea-ice-concentration-data-overview-
comparison-table-and-graphs 16 Oktober 2013 22:08 WIB
http://www.ifm.zmaw.de/en/research/remote-sensing-assimilation/sea-ice/amsr-e-sea-ice-
concentration/ 17 Oktober 2013 7:41 WIB
Sea Ice Concentration Product National Snow and Icea Data Center
http://nsidc.org/data/seaice
University of Illionis, Cryosphere Today http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere
Nansen Environmental and remote Sensing Center Arctic ROOS http://arctic-roos.org
University of Bremen http://iup.uni-bremen.de:8084/amsr/amsre.html
NASA Goddard http://polynya.gsfc.nasa.gov.seaice_dataset.html
JAXA http://ijis.iarc.uaf.edu/cgi-bin/seaice-monitor.cgi?lang=e
Polarview http://seaice.dk
