TUGAS AKHIR PRARANCANGAN PABRIK · PDF fileNeraca Massa dan Neraca Panas..... 29 2.4.1 Neraca Massa

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TUGAS AKHIR
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK PARAXYLENE DARIPROSES SELEKTIVITAS DISPROPORSIONASI TOLUENE
DENGAN KAPASITAS 300.000 TON/TAHUN
Oleh :
1. Monika Kurnia B. NIM : I15050022. Lanny Kurniawati NIM : I1505016
PROGRAM STUDI S1 NON REGULER TEKNIK KIMIAJURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARETSURAKARTA
2010

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Halaman Pengesahan
TUGAS AKHIR
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK PARAXYLENE
DARI PROSES SELEKTIVITAS DISPROPORSIONASI TOLUENE
DENGAN KAPASITAS 300.000 TON/TAHUN
Oleh :
Monika Kurnia.BNIM. I 1505002
Lanny KurniawatiNIM. I 1505016
Dosen Pembimbing
Ir. Samun TriyokoNIP. 19470421 198501 1 001
Dipertahankan di depan Tim Penguji :
1. Dr.Sunu Herwi Pranolo,S.T.,M.T. 1.
NIP. 19690316 199802 1 001
2. Dr.Eng.Agus Purwanto,S.T.,M.T. 2. .....
NIP. 19750411 199903 1 001
Disahkan,
Ketua Program Studi S1 Non Reguler
Teknik Kimia
Ir. Paryanto M,SNIP. 19580425 198601 1 001

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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul..................................................................................................... i
Lembar Pengesahan ............................................................................................ ii
Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Isi.............................................................................................................. iv
Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................ ix
Daftar Gambar..................................................................................................... xi
Intisari ................................................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .....................................................................1
1.1. Latar Belakang Pendirian Pabrik ............................................. .1
1.2. Kapasitas Pabrik....................................................................... .3
1.3. Lokasi Pabrik ........................................................................... .8
1.4. Tinjauan Pustaka....10
1.4.1 Macam-Macam Proses ................................................. 11
1.4.2 Kegunan Produk........................................................... 13
1.4.3 Sifat sifat Fisis dan Kimia ......................................... 13
1.4.3.1 Sifat-sifat Fisis dan Kimia Bahan Baku ........... 13
1.4.3.3 Sifat-sifat Fisis dan Kimia Produk ................... 13
1.4.4 Tinjauan Proses ............................................................ 16
BAB II DESKRIPSI PROSES ................................................................17
2.1. Spesifikasi Bahan baku, Produk dan Katalis ........................... 17
2.1.1 Spesifikasi Bahan Baku................................................ 17

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2.1.2 Spesifikasi Bahan Pembantu........................................ 17
2.1.3 Spesifikasi Produk........................................................ 18
2.2. Konsep Proses .......................................................................... 19
2.2.1 Dasar Reaksi................................................................. 19
2.2.2 Mekanisme Reaksi ....................................................... 20
2.2.3 Tinjauan Termodinamika ............................................. 20
2.2.4 Tinjauan Kinetika......................................................... 23
2.3. Diagram Alir Proses dan Tahapan Proses................................ 24
2.3.1 Diagram Alir Proses..................................................... 24
2.3.4 Langkah Operasi .......................................................... 27
2.4.1 Tahap Penyiapan Bahan Baku ............................ 27
2.4.2 Tahap Reaksi dalam reaktor................................ 27
2.4.3 Tahap Pemurnian Hasil ...................................... 28
2.4. Neraca Massa dan Neraca Panas.............................................. 29
2.4.1 Neraca Massa ............................................................... 29
2.4.2 Neraca Panas ................................................................ 34
2.5. Tata Letak Pabrik dan Peralatan .............................................. 37
2.5.1 Tata Letak Pabrik ......................................................... 37
2.5.2 Tata Letak Peralatan..................................................... 42
BAB III SPESIFIKASI PERALATAN PROSES ...................................... 46
BAB IV UNIT PENDUKUNG PROSES DAN LABORATORIUM..............75
4.1. Unit Pendukung Proses ............................................................ 75
4.1.1 Unit Pengadaan Air ...................................................... 76

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4.1.1.1 Air Pendingin ................................................... 77
4.1.1.2 Air Umpan Boiler............................................. 78
4.1.1.3 Air Konsumsi Umum dan Sanitasi.................. 79
4.1.1.4 Pengolahan Air................................................. 80
4.1.1.5 Kebutuhan Air.................................................. 86
4.1.2 Unit Pengadaan Udara Tekan .................................. 88
4.1.3 Unit Pengadaan steam ............................................. 89
4.1.4 Unit Pengadaan Listrik ............................................. 90
4.1.5 Unit Pengadaan Bahan Bakar .................................. 96
4.1.6 Unit Refrigerasi........................................................ 97
4.2 Unit Pengolahan Limbah................................................. 98
4.3. Laboratorium............................................................................ 99
4.3.1 Laboratorium Fisik....................................................... 102
4.3.1.1 Prosedur Analisa Bahan Baku . 102
4.3.1.1.1 Densitas ......................................................... 102
4.3.1.1.2 Viskositas ...................................................... 102
4.3.1.1.3 Analisis Water Content ................................. 103
4.2.2 Laboratorium Analitik.................................................. 104
4.2.3 Laboratorium Penelitian dan Pengembangan............... 105
4.3.4. Peralatan Laboratorium 105
BAB V MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN..................................................... 106
5.1 Bentuk Perusahaan ................................................................... 106
5.2 Struktur Organisasi .................................................................. 108

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5.3 Tugas dan Wewenang .............................................................. 112
5.3.1 Pemegang Saham ......................................................... 112
5.3.2 Dewan Komisaris ......................................................... 112
5.3.3 Dewan Direksi.............................................................. 113
5.3.4 Staf Ahli ....................................................................... 114
5.3.5 Penelitian dan Pengembangan...................................... 114
5.3.6 Kepala Bagian .............................................................. 115
5.3.7 Kepala Seksi 120
5.4 Pembagian Jam Kerja Karyawan ............................................. 120
5.4.1 Karyawan non shift ..................................................... 120
5.4.2 Karyawan Shift ............................................................ 121
5.5 Status Karyawan dan Sistem Upah .......................................... 123
5.6 Penggolongan Jabatan, Jumlah Karyawan, dan Gaji ............... 124
5.6.1 Penggolongan Jabatan.................................................. 124
5.6.2 Jumlah Karyawan dan Gaji .......................................... 125
5.7 Kesejahteraan Sosial Karyawan............................................... 126
5.8 Manajemen Perusahaan............................................................ 128
5.8.1 Perencanaan Produksi .................................................. 129
5.8.2 Pengendalian Produksi ................................................. 130
BAB VI ANALISA EKONOMI..................................................................132
6.1 Penaksiran Harga Peralatan...................................................... 138
6.2 Penentuan Modal Tetap (Fixed Capital Investment) ............... 142
6.3 Penentuan Modal Kerja (Working Capital Investment) ........... 151

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6.4 Biaya Produksi ......................................................................... 153
6.5. Keuntungan (Profit) ................................................................. 161
6.6. Analisa Kelayakan ................................................................... 161
Daftar Pustaka ...................................................................

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TUGAS AKHIR PRARANCANGAN PABRIK · PDF fileNeraca Massa dan Neraca Panas..... 29 2.4.1 Neraca Massa