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pg. 1

INTRODUCTION

Consequent to the reform in power sector in Odisha, Odisha HydroPower Corporation Ltd. (OHPC) was incorporated in 21 st April1995 under the companies Act 1956. Its objective are:

To carry on the business of purchasing, selling, importing,exporting, producing, trading, manufacturing or otherwisedealing in hydro electric power, thermal and nuclear electricpower based on any non-conventional sources of energy.

To acquire, establish,operate, maintain, renovate, modernize inthe State of Orissa and else while hydro electric generatingstations, thermal and nuclear electric generating stations andany other electric generating stations based on any non-conventional sources of energy.

To study, investigate, collect information and data, reviewoperations, plan, research, design, prepare feasibility reports,prepare project reports, diagnose operational difficulties andweaknesses and advise on the remedial measures to improveand modernize existing stations and facilitate and to undertakefor and on behalf of others the setting up of hydro electricpower plants, thermal and nuclear electric power plants andany other power plants based on any non-conventional sourceof energy.

The objectives incidental or ancillary to the attainment of themain objects are to acquire business / companies for carryingon business of electric power, to acquire know-how, to carry onconsultancy services in any field of activity in which it isengaged, to act as an entrepreneur on behalf of the Central or

any State Govt.

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pg. 2

VISION

To be a leading power utility in the energy sector through

diversified energy portfolio with due care & concern to the

environment.

MISSION

To develop water resources in the State and elsewhere inthe Country while augmenting hydro power generatingcapacity by setting up new hydro power projects.

To adopt state of the art technology for up gradation ofthe existing hydro power stations to achieve the highestlevel of efficiency.

To establish and operate thermal power plants throughjoint ventures and also explore the opportunities todevelop renewable energy resources viz small hydro,wind, solar.

To develop & operate coal mines allocated jointly infavour of OHPC and other public sector undertakings bythe Ministry of Coal, Govt. of India.

To improve productivity through effective planning andimplementation of ERP system with development ofrobust & concurrent IT infrastructure.

To professionalize the work force in line with the modern

management / technical know how.

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pg. 3

POWER STATIONS OF OHPC

Power Stations Under Operation Total (MW)

Hirakud -I

(Burla)2 x 49.5 MW + 2 x 32 MW + 3 x 37.5 MW 275.5 MW

Hirakud -II

(Chipilma)3 x 24 MW 72 MW

Balimela 6 x 60 MW+2 x 75 MW 510 MW

Rengali 5 x 50 MW 250 MW

Upper Kolab 4 x 80 MW 320 MW

Upper Indravati 4 x 150 MW 600 MW

Machkund

3 x 21.25 MW + 3 x 17 MW

114.75 MW

ACHIEVEMENTS OF OHPC IN 2010-2011

Average availability of the Power Stations was 87.1% againstthe average standard of 85%.

Installation of Trash Rack Cleaning machine (TRCM) atChiplima H.E.P for cleaning of weeds. As a result, the

generation of CHEP has been maximized to 254.42 MU forthe FY 2010-11.

The accounts of 2009-10 was audited, adopted and filed withMinistry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) within the statutorytime limit (30th Sept.2010)

http://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/balimela/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/balimela/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/rengali/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/rengali/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/ukolab/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/ukolab/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/indravati/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/ukolab/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/rengali/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/balimela/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=indexhttp://www.ohpcltd.com/hirakud/index.asp?type=index

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pg. 4

TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF OHPC

On Introduction of Availability Based Tariff with effect from April

2003 and application of Electricity Act 2003 it has become important

on the part of generators to maintain high level of machineavailability and plant load factor. Hydro power generation has

special place in the load management under the ABT regime.

For efficient running of their Hydro Power stations, the technicalwing of OHPC has been Reorganized to carry out the followingactivities.

Monitoring the functioning of Power Plants. Preparation of data base. Monitoring of Renovation and Modernization Programs. Planning for future R&M Programs and new projects. Inventory & procurement monitoring. Generation and Maintenance Planning and monitoring. Tariff and PPA including coordination with GRIDCO and

OERC

Computerization and online communication Coordination with Govt and SemiGovt bodies.

Corporation Organization (Head Quarters)

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pg. 5

HIRAKUD HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

Hirakud Dam Project is a multipurpose scheme intended for floodcontrol, irrigation and power

generation. The dam is built across

river Mahanadi at about 15 km

upstream of Sambalpur town in the

state of Odisha. This is one of the

oldest hydel projects of India, being

the first post-independence major

multi purpose river valley project in

the country. Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru laid the foundation stone in

1948. The dam is located at a

distance of 6 km from national High

way no. 6. The nearest rail head is Hirakud Railway Station which isat a distance of 8 km from the dam site.

The project provides 1,55,635 hectares of Kharif and 1,08,385 ha of

Rabi irrigation in the districts of Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and

Subarnapur. The water released through the power house irrigates

further 4,36,000 ha of C.C.A in Mahanadi Delta. The installed

capacity for power generation is 347.5 MW through its two powerhouses at Burla, at the right bank and Chiplima, at 22 km down

stream of Dam. Besides, the project provides flood protection to 9500

sq. km of delta area in districts of Cuttack and Puri.

Hirakud Dam is a composite structure of earth, concrete andmasonary. The Main dam having an overall length of 4.8 km spansbetween hills Laxmidungri on left and Chandli-dungri on the right.

The dam is flanged by 21 km long earthen dykes, both on left andright sides to close the low saddles beyond the abutment hills. It has

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pg. 6

the distinction of being at one time the longest earth dam in theworld, being 25.8 km long with dams and dykes taken together. Italso has the rare distinction of forming the biggest artificial lake inAsia with reservoir spread of 743 sq. km at full reservoir level.

Hirakud dam intercepts 83400 sq. km of Mahanadi catchment. Thereservoir has life storage of 5818 million cubic meter with grossstorage of 8136 million cubic meter.

Brief History of the project

After high floods of 1937, Er. M. Visveswaraya gave proposal for

detail investigation for storage reservoirs in Mahanadi basin to

tackle problem of flood in Mahanadi delta. The multi purposeHirakud Dam project is the first stage of the plan of Dr. Ajodhya

Nath Khosla, the then Governor of Odisha. The commissioning of

Unit III of Burla Power House was completed on 18.12 56.

In 1945, under the chairmanship of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the then

Member of Labour, it was decided to invest in the potential benefits

of controlling the Mahanadi for multi-purpose use. The Central

Waterways, Irrigation and Navigation Commission took up the

work.

On 15 Mar 1946, Sir Howthrone Lewis, then the Governor of Orissa,

laid the foundation stone of the Hirakud Dam. A project report was

submitted to the government in June 1947. Pandit Jawaharlal

Nehru laid the first batch of concrete on 12 April 1948. The dam was

completed in 1953 and was formally inaugurated by Prime MinisterJawaharlal Nehru on 13 January 1957. The total cost of the project

was Rs. 100.02crores in 1957. Power generation along with

agricultural irrigation started in 1956, achieving full potential in

1966.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru

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pg. 7

Structure of the dam

The Hirakud Dam is a composite structure of earth, concrete andmasonry. 10 km (6 mi) north ofSambalpur, it is the longest major

earthen dam in Asia, measuring 25.8 km (16 mi) including dykes, andstands across the river Mahanadi. The main dam has an overalllength of 4.8 km (3 mi)spanning between two hills; the Lamdungrion the left and the Chandili Dunguri on the right. The dam isflanked by 21 km (13 mi) of earthen dykes on both the left and rightsides, closing the low saddles beyond the adjoining hills. The damand dykes together measure 25.8 km (16 mi). It also forms thebiggest artificial lake in Asia, with a reservoir holding

743 km2

(287 sq mi) at full capacity, with a shoreline of over 639 km(397 mi). There are two observation towers on the dam one at eachside. One is "Gandhi Minar" and the other one is "Nehru Minar".Both the observation towers present breathtaking views of the lake.

Power houses

The dam supports two different hydroelectric power houses. PowerHouse I is located at the base (toe) of the main dam section andcontains 3 x 37.5 MW Kaplan turbine and 2 x 24 MW Francisturbine generators for an installed capacity of 259.5 MW. PowerStation II is located 19 km (12 mi) southeast of the dam212110N 835500E at Chipilima. It contains 3 x 24 MWgenerators. The entire installed capacity of the dam's power housesis 307.5 MW. Power House I and II were built in three stages.

During stage I, four generators were installed at PH I and in stageII, the power channel two and Power House II was constructed. Allthree generators were installed at PH II along with two more at PHI by 1963. Between 1982 and 1990, the seventh and final generatorwas installed at PHI.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambalpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbinehttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambalpur

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pg. 8

The power component of HPS consists of:

Power House I at Burla. Power Channel- a 25 km long water conductor system to carry

the tailrace water from Burla power house to Chiplima powerhouse.

Power House- II at Chiplima.

These components were completed under three stages which arebriefly described below:

Stage -I

The main features of Stage I are dam and appurtenant works, canalsystem and power generation & transmission. Four generating unitswith installed capacity 123 MW (2x37.5 + 2x24) were completed inPH-I at Burla.

Stage- II

The main feature of stage II are Power channel, power generation atPH I & II and transmission system.Two more generating units with installed capacity of 75 MW (2 x37.5) were added in power house Burla. Three generating units withinstalled capacity of 72 MW (3x 24) were completed in Power

House- II at Chiplima. The work under stage II was started on Jan.1957 and was inaugurated by late Dr. A. N. Khosla.

Stage- III

The work under stage III covers the installation of 7th Unit (37.5MW) at Power House-I, Burla. The work started on 1st December,1982 and completed on 13th September, 1990.

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pg. 9

Stage-I

1937The Hirakud Scheme conceived by Er. M.Visveswaraya

1945Agreement on unified development of the Mahanadivalley carried out between the Govt. of Odisha andEastern states.

1946Foundation laying ceremony of the Hirakud Damby Sri Hawthorne Lewis. I.C.S, Govt. of Odisha.

13.4.1948 Foundation laid by Sri Jawaharlal Nehru.

February 1949 Construction of the project commenced.

Aug 1948-Dec. 1949Preliminary design of Hirakud dam byInternationalEngineering Co., Danver, USA.

March, 1952 Appointment of Hirakud Control Board.

Nov. 1953The presentation of revised estimate amounting toRs. 70.78

Crores to the Control Board during its 7th Meeting.

Aug. 1956 Hirakud dam completed.

7.9.1956Irrigation water let out in the right side maincanal.(Unit-3,24MW)

18.12 .1956 First Hydro Power plant commissioned.

13.1.1957 The project inaugurated by Sri. Jawaharlal Nehru.

13.05.1957 24MW,Unit-4 of Burla P.H. Commissioned

11.11.1957 37.5MW,Unit-2 of Burla P.H. Commissioned

11.05.1957 37.5MW,Unit-1 of Burla P.H. Commissioned

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pg. 10

Stage-II

July, 1956 Chiplima scheme sanctioned.

January, 1957 Civil construction work started.

April, 1957 Electrical construction work started.

19.04.196237.5 MW Generator No. 5 at Burla Power Housecommissioned.

July, 1962 Water let out in Power channel

15.07.1962 24 MW generator No. 1 at Chiplima Power HouseCommissioned.

26.11.196224 MW Generator No. 2 at Chilplima Power HouseCommissioned.

05.08.1963 37.5 MW Generator No. 6 at Burla PH commissioned.

14.9.1963 Inauguration of the project by Dr. A.N. Khosla.

01.02.1964 24 MW Generator No. 3 at Chiplima commissioned

Stage III

Aug. 1982 Hirakud stage III Project sanctioned by PlanningCommission.

March 1983 Civil construction work started.

Nov. 1986 Civil foundation work completed.

March 1987 Erection of draft tube gate, penstock gate, spiral casingcompleted.

13.9.1990 37.5 MW generator No. 7 at Burla P.H commissioned.

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pg. 11

RENOVATION IN HHEP

STAGE-I

Slno. Specification

Powerstation

Commissioningdates Renovation

1 37.5 MW hydrogenerating set(Unit I) Make:EnglishElectric, UK

Burla 11.5.1958 16.04.1998, uprated to49.5 MW by GECAlstom, UK

2 37.5 MW hydrogenerating set(Unit II)Make:EnglishElectric, UK

Burla 11.11.1957 01.04.1998, Uprated to49.5 MW by GEC,ALSTOM, UK

3 24 MW hydrogenerating set(Unit III)Make: J.M.Voith,Germany/Siemens

Burla 18.12.1956 Uprated to 32 MW byVOITH SIEMENS ,GERMANY on27.08.2005

4 24 MW hydrogenerating set

(Unit IV) Make:J.M. Voith,Germany/Siemens

Burla 13.5.1957 Uprated to 32 MW byVOITH SIEMENS ,

GERMANY on28.10.2005

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pg. 12

STAGE-II

Sl.No. Specfication

Powerstation

Commissioningdatesdates Renovation

1 37.5 MW hydrogenerating set (UnitV) Make: Hitachi,Japan

Burla 19.4.1962

2 37.5 MW hydrogenerating set (UnitVI) Make: Hitachi,Japan

Burla 5.8.1963

3 24 MW hydrogenerating set (UnitI) Make: J.M. Voith,Germany/ Siemens

Chiplima 15.7.1962 29.7.1998,Renovated byL&T and BHEL

4 24 MW hydrogenerating set (UnitII) Make: J.M. Voith,Germany/ Siemens

Chiplima 26.11.1962 01.01.2008 UnderRenovated byBHEL.

5 24 MW hydrogenerating set (UnitIII) Make:LMZ,RUSSIA

Chiplima 1.2.1964

STAGE-III

Sl.No.

Item Powerstation

Commissioningdates

Renovation

1 37.5 MW hydrogenerating set (Unit VII)Make: Hitachi, Japan

Burla 13.9.1990

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pg. 13

HHEP SPECIFICATIONS :

1. Name of the Power

Station

- Burla Power House

2. Name of the River - Mahanadi3. Location

(I) State - Odisha

(ii) Nearest town - Sambalpur

(iii) Distance - 15 Kms. from Sambalpur4. Total Installed Capacity

of each

Unit(a) No. of Units - 7

(b) Installed capacity of

each Unit

- # 1, 2 - 49.5MW

# 3,4 - 32 MW

# 5,6,7 -37.5MW

(c ) Total Installed

capacity

- 275.5

MW

5. Reservoir / Pondagea) Name of the Dam - Hirakud

b) Type of Dam - Straight Edged Earth

Dam

c) Height of Dam - 80.96 mt (Max)

d) Length of Dam - 4800 mts. (4.8

Kms.)(Total 25.8

km includingDykes)

e) Catchment area - 83400 Sq. k.m.

f) Average Annual Inflow - 36,750 Million

Cum

g) FRL / MWL - 192.024 Mt (630

ft.)

h) MDDL - 179.830 mt (590

ft.)I) Storage capacity - 7189 M.cum

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pg. 14

6. Water Turbinea) No. of turbines - 7 (Seven)

b) Type of turbines - Kaplan (#

1,2,5,6,7)

Francis (# 3 & 4)

c) Net Head

(I) Maxl. Head - 35.5 mt.

(ii) Minimum - 26.5 mts.

(iii) rated net - # 1,2,3 & 4 - 32.3 mt.

# 3 & 4 - 30.78 mt.

(iv) Design head - # 5, 6 & 7 - 26.5mt.

d) Nurmal Speed - 150 rpm

e) Runaway Speed - 330 rpm (#1,2,5,6 & 7)

- 377 rpm (# 3, 4)7. Tail race

Type of Tunnel / Channel - Open channel

8. GeneratorsI) No. of Units - 7 (Seven)

ii) Type - Semi Umbrella Vertical

iii) Make - # 1 & 2 -

ALSTOM

# 3 & 4 - (Voith

Siemens)

# 5,6 & 7 -

Hitachiiv) Voltage - 11 KV

v) Current - # 1,2 - 3149 amp

# 3, 4 - 2506 amp

# 5,6 & 7 - 2187

amp

vi) Power Factor - 0.9

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pg. 15

WORKING OF A HYDRO POWER PLANT

Hydropower plants harness water's energy and use simplemechanics to convert that energy into electricity. HYDRO

POWER PLANT are actually based on a rather simple concept

-- water flowing through a dam turns a turbine, which turns a

generator.

Water from dam enters the turbine through trash rack, intake

structure and penstock and gets discharged to the tailrace through

draft tube. To control the flow, hydraulic intake gates are providedfor each machine

Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into

electricity. This is called hydroelectric poweror hydropower.

The hydroelectric power plant uses a dam on a river to store water

in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a

turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce

electricity. But hydroelectric power doesn't necessarily require a

large dam. Some hydroelectric power plants just use a small canal to

channel the river water through a turbine.

RAIN PRECIPITION PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT

WATER CYCLE The continuous cycle in which water changes

from water vapor in the atmosphere to liquid water throughcondensation and precipitation and then back to water vapor

through evaporation, transpiration, and respiration Water cycle in

nature: Water surface evaporation Precipitation of clouds Collected

back to the oceans VAPORATION

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pg. 16

BASIC COMPONENTS OFHIRAKUD HYDRO POWER PLANT

(1)Dam

(2)Intake

(3) Turbine

(4) Generators

(5) Transformer(6) Power lines

(7) Outflow

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pg. 17

DAMS:

Storage dams impound water .Purpose - Irrigation - Flood control - Power generation Diversion

dams For diversion To provide sufficient pressure Detention dams

To Minimize the effect of sudden floods To trap sediment Overflow

dams They carry water discharge over their crests Rockfill dams

Rock instead of earth Embankment dams hold back water by the

force of gravity acting upon their mass Gravity dams Most gravity

dams are made from concrete, a mixture of port land cement, water,and aggregates They are much thicker at the base than the top.

Water reservoir is placed behind the dam where Potential energy

is stored..

Intake or control gates are the gates inside of the dam. Which

inlet gates .

Thepenstock carries the water controlled by the control gates.

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pg. 18

Hirakud Dam

Official name Hirakud Dam

Location Hirakud Dam

Coordinates 21.57N 83.87ECoordinates: 21.57N83.87E

Construction began 1948

Opening date 1957Construction cost 101 Crore Rs in 1957

Dam and spillways

Type of dam Dam and Reservoir

Height 60.96 m (200 ft)

Length 4.8 km (3 mi) (main section)

25.8 km (16 mi) (entire dam)Impounds Mahanadi

Spillways 64 sluice-gates

Spillway capacity 42,450 cubic metres per second (1,499,000cu ft/s)

Reservoir

Capacity 5,896,000,000 m3(4,779,965 acreft)Catchment area 83,400 km2 (32,201 sq mi)

http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21.57_N_83.87_E_type:landmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21.57_N_83.87_E_type:landmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#Types_of_damshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#Types_of_damshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#Types_of_damshttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21.57_N_83.87_E_type:landmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21.57_N_83.87_E_type:landmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21.57_N_83.87_E_type:landmarkhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21.57_N_83.87_E_type:landmark

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pg. 19

Selection site for the Dam

(1) Quantity of water availablePrevious records of rainfall are studied and minimum and

maximum quantity of water available during the year is estimated.

After allowing for losses due to evaporation and percolation the net

volume of water available for power generation can be determined.

Rain fall (mm) Original Revised

Mean annual : 1381.25 (1900-45) 1038

Maximum annual : 1808.73 (1919) 2518

Minimum annual : 940.31(1902) 607

Run-off (M.ha.m) : Original Postconstruction

Average annual : 6.17 (1926-46) 3.36 (1958-92)

Max. annual : 8.62 (1919) 9.09 (1961)

Min. annual : 2.54 (1902) 1.14 (1979)

(2) Storage of water

Wide evaporation during the year makes it necessary to store

water for continuous generation of power through out the year.

Top dam level : R.L. 195.680 M (R.L 642 ft)F.R.L/ M.W.L : R.L. 192.024 M (R.L 630 ft)

Dead storage level : R.L. 179.830 M (R.L 590 ft)

Storage capacity

In M. cu. M / MACFT Original Revised (1988)

Gross : 8136(6.60) 7189(5.83)

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pg. 20

HYDRO TURBINES :

Water turbines convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL

energy.

Classifications of Hyrdo Turbines

There are two main types of hydro turbines:

TURBINE SPECIFICATION

(1) Impulse Turbine

(a) Pelton Wheel

(2) Reaction Turbine

(a) Francis

(b) Kalpan

Number: 7

Type : Kaplan turbine(Unit 1,2,5,6&7)Francis (unit 3&4)

Net head: 26.5 m to 35.5 m

Rated

output :

52000 HP (Unit 5,6&7),

66354HP(1 & 2)49200 HP (Unit 3 & 4)

Normalspeed :

150 rpm

Run awayspeed :

342 rpm (Unit 1,2)377 rpm (Unit 3 & 4)372 rpm (Unit 5,6&7)

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pg. 21

(1) Impulse Turbine

The impulse turbine generally uses

the velocity of the water to move

the runner and discharges to

atmospheric pressure.

The water stream hits each bucket

on the runner.

(a) Pelton wheel

A pelton wheel has one or more

free jets discharging water into an

aerated space and impinging on the

buckets of a runner.

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pg. 22

(2) Reaction Turbine

A reaction turbine develops

power from the combined action

of pressure and moving water.

The runner is placed directly in

the water stream flowing over

the blades rather than striking

each individually.

(a) Francis

A Francis turbine has a

runner with fixed buckets(vanes), usually nine or more.

Water is introduced just above

the runner and all around it and

then falls through, causing it to

spin.

(b) Kaplan

Both the blades and thewicket gates are adjustable,

allowing for a wider range ofoperation.

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pg. 23

Among turbine auxiliary systems we find lubricating oil supplyconsoles, barring or turning gear units, trip-throttle or similaremergency stop valves, gland sealing arrangements, and lube oilreclaimers or purifiers.

Turbine & its AuxiliariesRegular inspection of runners of turbines should be carried out andrecord to that effect should be invariably maintained. Many a times itis not possible for Francis Turbine being always immersed in waterand needs isolation on either side. For this it is done asrecommended by manufacturer without any compromise. Due to

cavitation there may be huge damages to turbine wheel causingadverse effect on performance and consequently efficiency.

Sometimes, it would be necessary to undertake in-situ repairs ofturbine buckets to recoupe/fillup erosions/ white pitting by usingvarious cold compounds viz. Belzona compound, Loctite, SSMetalset, Throtex compound etc. This may give satisfactoryresults. Low heat input welding can also be tried at some of the

locations to some extent.

An effective system for monitoring of silt content (quantity and sizein PPM) may be installed & commissioned by each power station andsilt content may be monitored continuously on the basis of whichaction to mitigate the damaging effect to under water parts may beinitiated reducing the down time of units / station.

Best efficiency microprocessor based digital PID speed governors

provide fast response. Periodical maintenance of speed governorsalongwith all associated mechanical, electrical, electronicscomponent should be carried out. The control circuit should beneatly dressed with identification marks. The electronic componentsand cards should be carefully maintained at appropriate temperaturelevel to achieve desired performance. Periodical calibration andtesting of transducers, meters etc. needs to be done. Desired puritylevel of hydraulic oil is to be maintained to give trouble free

operations. History of each important part should be maintained.

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pg. 24

Following maintenance works also need to be taken up:

Periodic NDT viz. Ultrasonic, etc.

Polishing of the various under water parts of the turbines oncein a year to minimize the white pitting.

Inspection & testing of the runners from experts to decideresidual life so as to initiate action for procurement of runnersfor replacement.

Inspection of labyrinth seals in case of reaction turbines.

Painting of runner housing with anticorrosive I tar basedpaints.

Applying anti-erosion coating to the runner. Checking of brake jet operation in power stations having

Pelton turbines once in three months.

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pg. 25

GENERATORS:

Generators convert MECHANICAL energy into ELECTRICALenergy.

GENERATOR SPECIFICATION

7 hydropower units were

installed in this project with total

installed capacity of 235.5 MW.

Out of this 4 units have beenup-rated during the year 1998

and 2005 increasing the present

installed capacity to 275 per cent

MW. Unit No-5 and 6 installed

in the year 1962 and 1963

respectively with installed

capacity of 37.5 MW each havenow have outlived their designed

life of 35 years.

Generation in recent years:

YEAR GENERATION (INMUMU)

2010-11 714.7070

2009-2010 612.388

2008-2009 749.529

2007-2008 857.382

2006-2007 741.751

Number 7

Type: Semiumbrella vertical

Voltage 11 KV

Current: Unit 1& 2 - 3149Unit 3 & 4 - 2500Unit 5,6 & 7- 2187

Capacity49.5 MW(unit 1 & 2)37.5 MW(unit 5,6&7)32 MW(unit 3&4)

PowerFactor

0.9 lagging

Speed 150 rpm

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pg. 26

Generator & its Auxiliaries

Stator & rotor winding, bearings & excitation system are the mainparts of a generator. As regards stator and rotor windings, regular

recording of IR Values of these winding should be maintained atregular intervals.Tan Delta and DLA tests of stator windingindicates the status I condition of stator winding insulation. Likewiseimpedance test (voltage drop test across each pole) indicatescondition of the rotor winding. Proper cooling system is to bemaintained to limit rise in stator winding temperatures andconsequently increase the life of stator winding. Inspection of thestator winding is also required to be carried out to verify its firmness

in stator core slots and healthiness of overhang portion with firmend winding caps & end spacers, slot wedges checked for healthiness.

Windings are revarnished to enhance their life. Looseness of statorcore or inter lamination, core insulation are direct factors affectingwinding heating due to eddy current loss. Thus recommendedmaintenance as per schedule should be carried out its recordsmaintained and corrective actions be taken if necessary.

Another precision and very critical components of generator are itsguide and thrust bearings. The thrust bearing is main bearingholding complete thrust of rotating mass of turbine and generatorunit. The generator and turbine guide bearings act as guides forcontrolling the vibrations of the unit . If T -G shaft alignment withaccurate shaft level is achieved then the pad clearances are adjustedprecisely and the rotating machine will operate smoothly withoutrise in bearing temperature and increase life of bearings.

Following maintainance works also need to be taken up: Periodic checking of the foundations, tightening the bolts.

Filling the foundations with epoxy.

Checking the vibrations periodically & history of the recordedreadings gives guidelines for realignment, looseness if any,

unbalanced electrical components, increase in bearing gaps,coupling misalignment, uneven stator -rotor air gap etc.

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pg. 27

Periodic cleaning or replacement of the generator air coolersand bearing oil coolers to improve performance of thegenerator.

Primary and secondary testing of the protection system for itshealthiness and correct operation.

Inspection of circuits for protection & control circuits & mocktrials of the fire fighting system alongwith evacuation system.

.

Generator Components

A. Hydrogen Seal RingsB. Fan Blades and VanesC. Brushes and Brush HoldersD. Shaft Grounding DevicesE. Oil Deflectors

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pg. 28

TRANSFORMERS:

Transformer converts the alternating current to high voltage

current. Two coils are present in the Transformer: the supply

coil(primary coil) and the outlet coil(secondary coil).

Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V.

TRANSFORMER SPECIFICATIONS

Number 7

Voltage 11 / 132 kVCapacity 42 MVA

(Unit 3,4,5,6&7)60 MVA(Unit 1 &2)

Phases 3 Phase

Coolingsystem

OFWF

Make 1,2 BHEL 3,4EMCO(After R &M) 5,6,7 GEC

Transformer maintainance

Continuous monitoring of oil & winding temperature.

Periodic oil filtration. Oil testing for various tests and Dissolved Gas Analysis.

Tandelta & insulation resistance etc. as per schedule.

Cleaning and replacement of oil cooler

Testing protection system for healthiness.

Mock trials of Checking, maintenance and inspection for Firefighting system, CO2 & mulsifire.

Periodic cleaning of transformer bushings & insulator strings.

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pg. 29

POWER HOUSE:

Hirakud Power Station Specifications

The dam supports two different hydroelectric power houses. Power

House I is located at the base (toe) of the main dam section and

contains 3 x 37.5 MW Kaplan turbine and 2 x 24 MW Francis

turbine generators for an installed capacity of 259.5 MW. Power

Station II is located 19 km (12 mi) southeast of the dam

212110N 835500E at Chipilima. It contains 3 x 24 MW

generators. The entire installed capacity of the dam's power houses

is 307.5 MW. Power House I and II were built in three stages.

During stage I, four generators were installed at PH I and in stage

II, the power channel two and Power House II was constructed. All

three generators were installed at PH II along with two more at PH

I by 1963. Between 1982 and 1990, the seventh and final generator

was installed at PH I

Promoter Orissa Hydro Power Corporation Limited

Location River Mahanadi, OrissaInstalledCapacity

275.5 MW

UnitConfiguration

2 x 49.5 + 2 x 32 + 3 x 37.5

Project Cost INR 100.02 Crore (in 1957)

Main PlantAward

Unit I: English Electric, UKUnit II: English Electric, UKUnit III: J.M. Voith, Germany/ SiemensUnit IV: J.M. Voith, Germany/ Siemens

Date ofCommissioning

Unit I: May 11,1958Unit II: November 11,1957Unit III: December 18,1956Unit IV: May 13,1957Unit V: April 19,1962Unit VI: August 5,1963Unit VII: September 13,1990

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbinehttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Hirakud_Dam&params=21_21_10_N_83_55_00_E_&title=Chipilima+Power+House+IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbine

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pg. 30

SWITCHYARD:

Switchyard forms an integral part of any power plant i.e. IndustrialCPP, Thermal Power Utilities, Gas Turbines based power plants orHydel power plants. These power plants have their main plantequipment integral controls (Boiler / Turbine / Gas Turbine /Hydro Turbine) as well as plant DCS System (BoP / Station C & I).While the entire power plant is integrated at the DCS level, trueunification is achieved by incorporating / integrating switchyardcontrols (SCADA) also in the plant DCS.

Switchyard of Burla power house

The switchyard is a junction connecting the Transmission &Distribution system to the power plant.Switchyard consists of the air insulated aluminium bustype and of high voltage SF6 insulated dead tank circuit breakersarranged in a ring bus configuration.

Control, protection and monitoring for the switchyard will be located in theswitchyard relay room of the electrical building.

All protection and circuit breaker control will be powered from the stationbattery backed 220V DC system.

Revenue metering are provided on the outgoing lines, recording net power to or from theswitchyard 11 kV.

Switchyard arrangements

132 KV Main & Reserve Bus

Bar (Double Bus Bar)

No. of outgoing feeders:4

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pg. 31

EQUIPMENTS OF THE SWITCHYARD:

Line dig of a Switchyard

Bus

Bar

Bus Bar are used to interconnect the loads and sources ofelectrical power.It connects incoming and outgoing transmission lines.Also connect generator and main transformer in power plant.Material used: Copper or AluminiumSize of bus bar determines max. amount of current passed

Insulators

Supported the poles and towers in such a way that currents from conductors

do not flow to earth through these supports. Pin type & Suspension type:

insulators are design for 11 kv.

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pg. 32

Lightning Arrestor

Lightening Arrestor are used on power system to protect the s ystem from

damaging effect of lightning. It does not absorb or stop the Lightning.

It Divert the Lightning to Ground.

It Clamp (limit) the Voltage produced by the LightningIt Only protects equipment electrically in parallel with it.

Isolator

An isolating disconnect switch are installed in each generatortransformer connection to the bus.

Circuit Breaker

Circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to

protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short

circuit. Its function is to interrupt continuity, to immediately discontinueelectrical connections. In switchyard High Capacity Circuit Breakersare used.

Each circuit breaker are equipped with a no-loadbreaker, air

insulated, disconnect switch on eachside

In 400/220KV substation Power Grid there isSF6 circuit breaker systemflow

The SF6 is an electro-negative gas and has astrong tendency to absorb freeelectrons.The contacts of the breaker are opened in a high pressure flow of SF6 gasand an arc is struck between them.The conducting free electrons in the arc are rapidly captured by the gas to formrelatively immobile negative ions.

Unit 2,3,4,6 has SF6 circuit breakr. Unit 1,5,7 has OCB.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overcurrenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_circuithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overcurrenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity

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pg. 33

Advantages of using SF6 Circuit breaker

Very short arcing time.

Can interrupt much larger currents.

Noiseless operation due to its closed gascircuit.

No moisture problem.

No risk of fire since SF6 gas is non-inflammable

Low maintenance cost.

No carbon deposits so that trackingand insulation problems are eliminated

Disadvantages of using SF6

SF6 breakers are costly due to high cost of SF6. SF6 gas has to be reconditioned after everyoperation of the breaker, so

additionalequipments are required

Instrument Transformers

In switchyard, a power transformer is used to stepup or step down the voltage.

Current and Voltage transformers are located at points within the switchyardto provide form etering and relaying.

Current transformers, together with potential transformers, are known asinstrument transformers.

It controls excess and low current.

It also helps in steping up or down the potential.

Since the measuring instruments and protective devices are designed for lowvoltages (generally 110V) and currents(about 5A). Therefore, they will not workproperly if mounted directly on power lines.

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pg. 34

Current Transformer

The current transformer is used to measurethe very high current passing throughthe bus.It step downs the current and measurements are taken in the control room theratings of CT is based on the ampere.These CTs are connected to the control room through cables.

Voltage Transformer

There is a step down transformer, which step down the high voltage to a value thatcan be measured using the measuring instruments in the control room.

This has an additional core for the carrier communication.The CVT are connected between phase and ground in parallel to thecircuit.

Arcing Horns

Arcing horns are for the protection of the insulators in case of highvoltage, which it cannot stand.They are two metal rods fitted at the topmost and bottommost parts of theinsulator. During high voltage insulators can't resist this and cracks may bedeveloped. In order to avoid these arcing horns are provided. They conduct thehigh voltage to the ground and protect the insulator.

Control Panel

Control panel mostly consists of meters and protective relays. The metersinclude ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter, energy meter etc. The relays include

fuse failure relay, auto reclose relay, check synchronizing relay ,auxiliary relay

and transformer relays like OLTC out of step, winding temperature

alarm , oil temperature alarm. The trip indicators included are CB SF6 gas

density low, CB Air pressure low, VT fuse fail alarm, CB pole disctrip,

carrier signal received, back up protection, auto reclose lock out, control DC

supply fails, distance protection inoperative, carrier out of service, distance

protection trip etc.

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pg. 35

Earthing

It is to be provided in substations due to following reasons:-

To provide a means to carry electric current into theearth under normal and fault conditions , without exceeding any operatingand equipment limits or adversely affecting continuity of service .

To assure that a person in the vicinity of grounded facilities isnot exposed to the danger of electric shock.

SCADA nodes

The Supervisory control and data acquisition system (SCADA) ofswitchyard consists of Operator Stations, Engineer's Stations,Historical Storage, Computers and associated peripherals and theswitchyard bay control systems interconnected through a high speednetwork . The system constitutes several operator work stations andengineer's work station with high resolution Color display monitors,touch screen, function key board, mouse, track ball and printers.

Its features are: Monitoring of status of switchyard equipment like isolators,breakers, ground switches Issue of close/open commands to isolators, breakers

Monitoring of system parameters like voltage, current, frequency,MW, MVAR, energy Time stamping of alarms, events, protective relay operations

Presentation of information useful to operator in different forms Report generation Historical storage and retrieval Remote control and monitoring from Load dispatch centre throughfibre optic/PLCC communication

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pg. 36

OHPC shall provide easement and rights of way to authorisedpersonnel of OPTCL for the purpose of inspection, testing of relays,meters, CTs., PTs, etc. when required.

Maintainance of Switchyard : Tests for operation time of the breaker.

Operation & testing of isolator opening & closing.

Checking of control circuit & healthiness of operating systemof the breaker.

Inspection of the CTs, PTs and bus bars for over heating,temperature rise etc.

Switchyard are to be kept neat & tidy. Minimum areasurrounding the yard to be free from growth of scrubs andbushes to avoid any bush fire damaging the equipment.

The Interconnection Points between OHPC and OPTCL 132 KV /

66 KV /11KV / 0.4 KV system will be the take off points at 132 KV

/ 66 KV / 11KV switchyard gantry and 0.4 KV panel. Equipment

like CT, LA etc., in the switchyard connected near the gantry, will bethe responsibility of OHPC.

LOCATION OF INTER-CONNECTION POINTS -

i. 132 KV ALCO Feeder-Iii. 132 KV ALCO Feeder-II

iii. 132 KV Budhipadar Feeder-Iiv. 132 KV Budhipadar Feeder-IIv. 132 KV Rairakhol Feeder.vi. 132 KV Sambalpur Feeder.vii. 132 KV Chiplima Tie-I Feederviii. 132 KV Chiplima Tie-II Feeder.

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pg. 37

GENERATOR PROTECTION SCHEME

Functions Steam & Gas turbines Hydro Turbines

Small

(100 MVA)

Small

(100 MVA)

Differential Y Y Y Y Y Y

95% Stator E/F Y Y Y Y Y Y

100% Stator E/F N Y Y N Y Y

Interterm faults Y Y Y Y Y Y

Back impedance N Y Y N Y Y

Voltage controlled

O/C

Y N N Y N N

Negative

sequence

Y Y Y Y Y Y

Field failure Y Y Y Y Y Y

Reverse Power Y Y Y Y Y Y

Pole Slipping N N N N N Y

Overload N N Y Y Y Y

Over voltage Y Y Y Y Y Y

Under Frequency Y Y Y Y Y Y

Dead machine N N Y N N Y

Rotor earth fault Y Y Y Y Y Y

Over fluxing N Y Y N Y Y

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pg. 38

PROTECTION SCHEMES

GENERATOR PROTECTION

Class A Protections : This covers all electrical protections for fault within

the generating unit in which generator field breaker, generator breaker and

turbine should be tripped.

FAULT /

INITIATION OFRELAYS

INTERMEDIATE

AUX. RELAY

ACTION

87G-87GT-

87UAT-54G1-64G2-59G-

99GT-

64REF-51UAT-50UAT-

64R II STAGE-Rotor Over Voltage-

Excitation fail-46G-40G-21G-

GT fault-

UAT fault-

-Trip Generator CB-Trip Exciter CB-Trip Turbine-Trip UAT CB-Initiate LBB

Class B Protections : This covers all mechanical protections of the turbine in

which turbine will be tripped first and following this generator will trip on

reverse power / low forward protections.

Class A

Trip

86 G

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pg. 39

Faults INTERMEDIATEAUX. RELAY

ACTION

Turbine Over Speed-

Governor failure-

Turbine Bearing temp. rise-

Guide bearing Temp. rise-

Thrust bearing Temp. rise-

Intake gate closed / Inlet valve

closed-

Excessive water pressure-Inside spiral casing-

Stator temp. rise-

Rotor temp. rise-

-Trip Generator CB

-Trip Exciter CB

-Trip Turbine

-Operate Emergency Closing

of Guide apparatus.

-Trip UAT CB-Initiate LBB

-Close Intake gate / Inletvalve

Class C Protections : This covers electrical protection for faults in the

system in which generator will be unloaded by tripping of generator breaker

only. The unit will come to house load operation and the UAT will be in

service. Various protections of this class are:

i) 220 KV (HV side of Generator Transformer) busbar protection.

ii) Generator Transformer HV side breaker pole discrepancy.

iii) Generator negative phase sequence protection.

iv)

Generator Transformer over current / earth fault protection.v) Reverse power protection without turbine trip.

Class

A Trip

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pg. 40

RECENT VENTURES

Orissa government will upgrade the 5th and 6th units of the Hirakudhydro power projects at an estimated cost of Rs 297 crore in a bid toboost power production and generate more revenue. A high levelmeeting held under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary B K Patnaikdecided to make international bidding for the upgradation of thepower units at the earliest.

The decision was taken as the equipment installed in these unitsbecame old and the power generation from these units were

declining every year. The units which were installed in 1956 withinstalled capacity of 37.5 MW each were now generating 33 MWand it is likely to be reduced further. After the upgradation thepower generation from these two units will increase 43 MW eachand provide energy benefit of 218 MU. The 5th and 6th units ofBurla hydro power project, each having capacity of 37.5 Mw, wereinstalled 47 year ago and had frequent beak down complains. Therenovation work aims at increasing the power generation capacity ofthe two units to 86 Mw, from the present 75 Mw, In the renovationwork, we will replace the old machines with new ones and the entireprocess might take three years

As such their modernization and up-rating has become necessary.With the proposed renovation, the capacity of each unit will beenhanced to 43 MW which will add 218 Million Units of energybenefit. Technical experts say it will take near about 38 months forinstallation of theses up-rated units involving an estimated cost of

Rs296.83 Crorers.

This will generate an additional revenue of around Rs 22 crore fromthese units. While the process for bidding requires eight months,another 30 months will be required for the upgradation of the twopower units. Hirakud Hydro power project has seven units out ofwhich four had already been upgraded.

The work order involves supplying the machines and erecting them.

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pg. 41

BENEFITS OF HHEP PROJECT

In the upper drainage basin of the Mahanadi River, centered onthe Chattisgarh Plain, periodic droughts contrast with the situation

in the lower delta region where floods may damage crops. The dam

was constructed to help alleviate these problems by creating a

reservoir and controlling river flow through the drainage

system. The dam regulates the flow of the Mahanadi River and

produces hydroelectricity through several hydroelectric plants.

The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta and irrigates

75,000 square kilometres of land. Hydroelectricity is also generated.

The Hirakud Dam regulates 83,400 km (32,200 mi) of Mahanadi's

drainage. The reservoir has a storage capacity of 5.818 km with

gross of 8.136 km.

It drains an area of 133,090 km.. With successful irrigation provided

by the dam, Sambalpur is called the rice bowl ofOrissa. The projectprovides 1,556 km ofkharifand 1,084 km ofrabi irrigation in

districts of Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir, and Subarnpur. The water

released by the power plant irrigates another 4360 km ofCCA in

Mahanadi delta. The dam can generate up to 307.5 MW of electrical

power through its two power plants at Burla, on the dam's right

bank and Chiplima, 22 km downstream from the dam. In addition,

the project provides flood protection to 9500 km of delta area in

district ofCuttack and Puri.

Chiplima has gained prominence as the second hydroelectric project

of the Hirakud Dam. A natural fall of 80 to 120 feet (25 to 40 m) in

the river Mahanadi is used to generate electricity.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi_crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolangirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuttackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuttackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolangirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi_crophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharifhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattisgarh

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pg. 42

DISADVANTAGES OF HHEP PROJECT

The power produced by the plant depends upon quantityof water which in turn is dependent upon the rainfall , so

if the rainfall is in time and proper and the required

amount of water can be collected, the plant will function

satisfactorily otherwise not.

The main purpose of the Hirakud Dam was to check the

massive flood that was effecting a large part of coastal Orissa.But construction of the dam greatly affected the native of

western part of Orissa. Nearly 150,000 people were affected by

the Hirakud project. Nearly 22,000 family were displaced by

the dam project.

In the original estimate, an amount of Rs 12 crores was

provided for payment of compensation to the affected people.

After revision, the amount was reduced to Rs 9.5 crores and thetotal compensation paid to the people was, in reality, only Rs

3.32 crores. A large number of families were evacuated from

their hearth and homes without compensation from 1956

onwards

Hydro electric plants are generally situated away from the

load centers. They require long transmission lines to

deliver power. Therefore, the cost of transmission lines andlosses in them will be more.

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pg. 43

CONCLUSION

Hydro electricity has been a reliable source of power supplysince the day it came into force. Water being available as the

natures free gift will continue to make hydroelectric power

more easy and safer way of producing electricity. Though

irregularities in rainfall become a major setback for the efficient

power supply yet it has proved its mettle among the current

breed of other sources of electricity.

HHEP is one of the first major multipurpose river valley project

started after India's independence..

During our training period we learnt about different units of

Burla Power House, maintainance and operations of Turbine,

Alternators, its auxillaries ,Equipments and maintainance of

Switchyard..

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THANK

YOU