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BACKGROUND During aging, the immune system becomes less ef5icient in deterring invaders, infections, and disease. It is currently known that aging of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) leads to an increased production of myeloid cells and a decreased production of T and B cells. How this clonal phenotype arises remains inconclusive. To better understand the aging process , it is important to examine the clonal behavior of the heterogeneous stem cell population over time. Tracking Hematopoietic Stem Cells in vivo Over Time Keck School of Medicine of USC Mike Chin, Rong Lu METHODS Figure 1. Genetic barcoding and tracking of HSC clones in vivo. Donor HSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of mice. HSCs (ckit+/ lineage(CD3,CD4, CD8,B220,Gr1,Mac1,Ter119) Sac1+/CD34/CD150+/Flk2) were infected with a lentiviral vector so that each HSC received a unique barcode. Mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with barcoded HSCs. Peripheral blood was collected from recipient mice at several time points over 1 year. Genomic DNA from granulocytes, B, CD4T, and CD8T cells were quanti5ied with high throughput sequencing. Figure 2. HSC production changes over time. The proportion of granulocytes, B, CD4T, and CD8T cells relative to total number of white blood cells was examined on Day 61, 117, 297, 362. Myeloid production is seen to increase while lymphoid production is seen to decrease over these 4 time points. BLOOD PRODUCTION OVER TIME REFERENCES Lu R, Neff NF, Quake SR, Weissman IL. (2011) Tracking single hematopoieCc stem cells in vivo using highthroughput sequencing in conjuncCon with viral geneCc barcoding. Nat Biotechnol. 29, 92833. Leventhal J, Miller J, Abecassis M, Tollerud DJ, Ildstad ST. (2013) Evolving approachs to hematopoieCc stem cellbased therapies to induce tolerance to organ transplants: the long road to tolerance. Clin. Pharmacol Ther. 93, 3645. Weissman IL, Shizuru JA. (2008) The origins of the idenCficaCon and isolaCon of hematopoieCc stem cells, and their capability to induce donorspecific transplantaCon tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases. Blood. 112, 354353. F Median Percentage Figure 3. Lineage bias of HSC clones varies over time. (AD) Proportion of granulocyte, B, CD4T, CD8T clones from irradiated recipients on days 61, 117, 297, 362 were examined for clonal lineage bias. Lineage biased clones are de5ined as those whose relative copy numbers in one lineage are more than 2.4142 (cotangent 22.5 degree) times their relative copy numbers in the other lineage. (EH) Histograms indicate clonal lineage bias behavior over time. Clones are assigned a score from 1.0 to 1.0, indicating the relative bias. Figure 4. Dominant clone production varies with cell type over time. (AB) Clonal dominance is de5ined as the percentage of a cell population contributed by the top 3 or top 5 most abundant clones. Averages for top clones are plotted for all cell types over days 61, 117, 297, and 362. (C) Heat map examining clonal contribution over time for each cell type. Each horizontal line represents a clone. Bright red indicates high clonal production. 0 20 40 60 80 Granulocyte Bias Balance CD8T Bias Clonal ComposiCon (%) * * * * 0 20 40 60 80 CD4T Bias Balance CD8T Bias *** *** *** *** *** *** * * Gr Bias B Bias D61 D117 D297 D362 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Granulocyte B CD4 T CD8T Blood composiCon(%) *** *** ** *** *** *** ** ** *** ** ** ** *** ** Median Percentage Median Percentage Median Percentage 0 10 20 30 40 50 Granulocyte Biased Balance B Cell Biased Clonal ComposiCon (%) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Granulocyte Bias Balance CD4T Bias * * Gr Bias B Bias Gr Bias B Bias Gr Bias B Bias C CLONAL LEVEL LINEAGE BIAS CLONAL DOMINANCE H G E A D C B Gr Bias CD4T Bias Gr Bias CD4T Bias Gr Bias CD4T Bias Gr Bias CD4T Bias Gr Bias CD8T Bias Gr Bias CD8T Bias Gr Bias CD8T Bias Gr Bias CD8T Bias CD4T Bias CD8T Bias CD4T Bias CD8T Bias CD4T Bias CD8T Bias CD4T Bias CD8T Bias A cv 0 10 20 30 40 50 D61 D117 D297 D362 Clonal ComposiCon (%) * * 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 D61 D117 D297 D362 * * TOP 3 TOP 5 D61 D117 D297 D362 D61 D117 D297 D362 D61 D117 D297 D362 D61 D117 D297 D362 Granulocyte CD4T B CD8T D61 D117 D297 D362 D61 D117 D297 D362 D61 D117 D297 D362 B cv

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BACKGROUND  

•  During  aging,  the  immune  system  becomes  less  ef5icient  in  deterring  invaders,  infections,  and  disease.    

•  It  is  currently  known  that  aging  of  hematopoietic  stem  cells  (HSCs)  leads  to  an  increased  production  of  myeloid  cells  and  a  decreased  production  of  T  and  B  cells.  How  this  clonal  phenotype  arises  remains  inconclusive.    

•  To  better  understand  the  aging  process  ,  it  is  important  to  examine  the  clonal  behavior  of  the  heterogeneous  stem  cell  population  over  time.  

Tracking  Hematopoietic  Stem  Cells  in  vivo  Over  Time  Keck  School  of  Medicine  of  USC  

Mike  Chin,  Rong  Lu  

METHODS  

Figure  1.  Genetic  barcoding  and  tracking  of  HSC  clones  in  vivo.  Donor  HSCs  were  isolated  from  the  bone  marrow  of  mice.  HSCs  (ckit+/lineage(CD3,CD4,  CD8,B220,Gr1,Mac1,Ter119)-­‐Sac1+/CD34-­‐/CD150+/Flk2-­‐)  were  infected  with  a  lentiviral  vector  so  that  each  HSC  received  a  unique  barcode.  Mice  were  lethally  irradiated  and  transplanted  with  barcoded  HSCs.    Peripheral  blood  was  collected  from  recipient  mice  at  several  time  points  over  1  year.  Genomic  DNA  from  granulocytes,  B,  CD4T,  and  CD8T  cells  were  quanti5ied  with  high  throughput  sequencing.      

Figure  2.  HSC  production  changes  over  time.  The  proportion  of  granulocytes,  B,  CD4T,  and  CD8T  cells  relative  to  total  number  of  white  blood  cells  was  examined  on  Day  61,  117,  297,  362.    Myeloid  production  is  seen  to  increase  while  lymphoid  production  is  seen  to  decrease  over  these  4  time  points.  

BLOOD  PRODUCTION  OVER  TIME  

REFERENCES    Lu  R,  Neff  NF,  Quake  SR,  Weissman  IL.  (2011)  Tracking  single  hematopoieCc  stem  cells  in  vivo  using  

 high-­‐throughput  sequencing  in  conjuncCon  with  viral  geneCc  barcoding.  Nat  Biotechnol.  29,    928-­‐33.  

Leventhal  J,  Miller  J,  Abecassis  M,  Tollerud  DJ,  Ildstad  ST.  (2013)  Evolving  approachs  to  hematopoieCc    stem  cell-­‐based  therapies  to    induce  tolerance  to  organ  transplants:  the  long  road  to    tolerance.  Clin.  Pharmacol  Ther.  93,  36-­‐45.  Weissman  IL,  Shizuru  JA.  (2008)  The  origins  of  the  idenCficaCon  and  isolaCon  of  hematopoieCc  stem  

 cells,  and  their  capability  to    induce  donor-­‐specific  transplantaCon  tolerance  and  treat    autoimmune  diseases.  Blood.  112,  3543-­‐53.  

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Figure  3.  Lineage  bias  of  HSC  clones  varies  over  time.    (A-­‐D)  Proportion  of  granulocyte,  B,  CD4T,  CD8T  clones  from  irradiated  recipients  on  days  61,  117,  297,  362  were  examined  for  clonal  lineage  bias.    Lineage-­‐biased  clones  are  de5ined  as  those  whose  relative  copy  numbers  in  one  lineage  are  more  than  2.4142  (cotangent  22.5  degree)  times  their  relative  copy  numbers  in  the  other  lineage.    (E-­‐H)  Histograms  indicate  clonal  lineage  bias  behavior  over  time.  Clones  are  assigned  a  score  from  -­‐1.0  to  1.0,  indicating  the  relative  bias.    

Figure  4.  Dominant  clone  production  varies  with  cell  type  over  time.    (A-­‐B)  Clonal  dominance  is  de5ined  as  the  percentage  of  a  cell  population  contributed  by  the  top  3  or  top  5  most  abundant  clones.    Averages  for  top  clones  are  plotted  for  all  cell  types  over  days  61,  117,  297,  and  362.  (C)  Heat  map  examining  clonal  contribution  over  time  for  each  cell  type.  Each  horizontal  line  represents  a  clone.  Bright  red  indicates  high  clonal  production.  

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CD4T  Bias   CD8T  Bias   CD4T  Bias   CD8T  Bias   CD4T  Bias   CD8T  Bias  CD4T  Bias   CD8T  Bias  

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