Tree Map!• With a partner, you will now

make a tree map.• Your tree will have two main

branches—– Parts of government– Outside organizations that limit

government.

• For each branch, I want you to tell me:– Two important purposes of that

branch in an advanced democracy.– One way that that branch could be

different in an illiberal democracy or authoritarian regime.

Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces within a state

EQ: What makes a country legitimate in the eyes of it’s citizens?

Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces

• Centripetal Forces—Forces that pull a country together

• Centrifugal Forces—Forces that cause fighting within a country

• Examples?

Legitimacy

• Legitimacy—A government’s right to rule in the eyes of its own citizens.

• 3 Types of legitimacy– Traditional legitimacy– Charismatic legitimacy– Rational-legal

legitimacy

Traditional Legitimacy

• Tradition determines who should rule and how.

• Can be based on religious beliefs (sharia law)

• Can be based on Mandate of Heaven

• Can be based on family rule– Royal family in Great Britain

Charismatic Legitimacy• Based on the dynamic

personality of an individual or group.

• Generally very short-lived, lasts one generation.

• Can be very strong for a short period of time.

Rational-legal legitimacy

• Legitimacy is based on a system of well established laws and procedures

• Anchored by strong institutions• Based on the acceptance of

rule of law• The system lasts beyond one

individual

• Do the British have a Constitution?

Types of Law• Common Law—Law

based on tradition, past practices, and legislation, and past legal rulings– Ex. United Kingdom

• Code law—Based on a comprehensive system of written rules– Ex. Mexico, China,

Russia

Cleavages

• Divisions within a society that result in hostile feelings.

• Examples in the United States?

Social Class Cleavages• Cleavages based on

economic or social class• Biggest cleavage in the UK

in the 20th century• Worsened if there are large

gaps between economic classes– Working/lower class– Middle Class– Upper class

Ethnic Cleavages• The most divisive

cleavage for most countries

• Big cause of the dissolution of the USSR

• Can lead to competing nationalisms within a country

Religious Cleavages

• Divisions within a country based on religion

• Sometimes closely related to ethnicity, but not always

Regional Cleavages

• Within many states, different regions have different political values and attitudes.

• Often linked to economic or ethnic differences between regions.

Coinciding and Crosscutting Cleavages

• Coinciding Cleavage—Multiple disputes that align the same groups against each other.– Ex.—Travon Martin—How?

• Cross-cutting cleavages—Disputes that unite groups that are normally hostile to each other, or divide groups that are normally in agreement.– Ex.—Syrian War and Congress

Public Policy

• The laws that are passed and implemented by the government.

• Many times, public policy is used to ensure legitimacy and to attempt to minimize cleavages.

Review!

1. Do you think the United States has more centripetal or centrifugal forces?

2. What type of legitimacy do you think the President Obama has? Why?

3. What is the difference between common and codified law?4. Give an example of a social cleavage anywhere in the

world.5. Give an example of an ethnic cleavage anywhere in the

world.6. Give an example of a regional cleavage anywhere in the

world.

Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces in Our School

Please answer the following questions on a sheet of paper. NO NAMES

1. How strong do you think the legitimacy of our school administration is? Explain.

2. What type of legitimacy do you think our administration best fits?3. Do you think our school has more centripetal or centrifugal

forces? Why?4. What do you think are the strongest cleavages at our school?

Classify and explain.5. What policies has our school enacted to address those cleavages?

If, for any question, you cannot think of an answer, you may make up something for our school or substitute the United States.

• Sovereignty– The authority of a state to govern itself and its territory

• Failed state—A state/government that has lost the ability to govern its territory