TREATMENT OF TUMORS

Maša RadeljakMentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

GOALS OF TREATMENT

• Complete removal• Palliation• Amelioration of symptoms• Preservation of quality of life

TREATMENT OF TUMORS

• Surgery• Radiation therapy• Chemotherapy• Biologic therapy

TREATMENT OF TUMORS

ADJUVANT• Given after the

primary treatment• Chemotherapy,

radiation therapy, biologic therapy

NEOADJUVANT• First step before

the main treatment• Chemotherapy,

radiation therapy

SURGERY

• Prevention- resection of premalignant lesions

• Diagnosis- excisional biopsy, incisional biopsy, core-needle biopsy, fine-needle aspiration

SURGERY

• Staging- determining the extent of the disease and whether it has metastasized to regional lymph nodes

SURGERY - TREATMENT

• Most effective therapy• 40%• Complete excision• Local control of tumor• Preservation of organ function• Resection of metastatic disease• Staging information• Mastectomy, prostatectomy, lung cancer

surgery

SURGERY

• Palliation- supportive care, pain management, insertion of central venous catheters, ascites

• Rehabilitation- breast reconstruction, orthopedic procedures

RADIATION THERAPY

• Target tissue• Genetic material• Free radicals• Oxygen• X-rays and

gamma rays• Teletherapy,

brachytherapy, systemic therapy with radionuclides

TELETHERAPY

• External beam radiotherapy

• Linear accelerators

• Most commonly used form of radiation

• Breast, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's disease

BRACHYTHERAPY

• Internal radiotherapy

• Inside or next to the tumor

• Temporary or permanent

• Cervical, brain, skin and prostate cancer

CHEMOTHERAPY

• Cytotoxic drugs• Rapidly dividing

cells• Alkylating agents• Antimetabolites• Plant alkaloids and

terpenoids• Topoisomerase

inhibitors• Antitumor

antibiotics• Hormonal agents

TOXICITY

• Nausea• Vomiting• Myelosuppression• Mucositis• Alopecia• Gonadal

dysfunction

BIOLOGIC THERAPY

• Immune mediators• Antibodies• Cytokines• Angiogenesis

inhibitors

REFERENCES

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_treatment

• Harrison: Principles of Internal Medicine