TREATING TRAUMAThe Tri-Phasic Model

Tri-Phasic ModelHerman, 1992

• Safety (Stabilization)• Remembrance &

Mourning • Trauma Resolution• Desensitization &

reprocessing• Metabolization of

trauma

• Reconnection • Present & future

What is Safety?(Gentry & Schmidt, 1997)

 I.  Resolution of impending environmental (ambient, interpersonal and intrapersonal) physical danger;

-Removal from “war zone” (e.g., domestic violence, combat, abuse)-Behavioral interventions to provide maximum safety;-Address and resolve self-harm.

II.  Amelioration of self-destructive thoughts & behaviors (i.e., suicidal/homicidal ideation/behavior, eating disorders, persecutory alters/ego-states, addictions, trauma-bonding, risk-taking behaviors, isolation)

III.  Restructuring victim mythology into intentional proactive survivor identity by development and habituation of life-affirming self-care skills (i.e., daily routines, relaxation skills, grounding/containment skills, assertiveness, secure provision of basic needs, self-parenting)

What is Necessary?Six Empirical Markers

From Survivor

1. Resolve (real) Danger

2. Distinguish between real vs. perceived threat

3. Develop battery of regulation/relaxation, grounding, and containment skills

4. Demonstrate ability to self-regulate

5. Demonstrate ability to self-rescue

6. Contract (verbal) to address traumatic material

From Clinician

Good Therapeutic Relationship

Clinician Non-anxious Presence

Good Prognosis/Positive Expectancy

What is Necessary?

1.     Resolution of impending environmental physical danger• Abusive Environment• Ambient Danger• Violence• Active Self Harm

2. Ability to distinguish between “Am Safe” and “Feel Safe.”

Outside DangerBehavioral Intervention

Resolve Threat

Inside DangerSelf regulationAnxiety ReductionCognitive Restructuring

What is Necessary?

3. Development of a battery of SELF-REGULATION, relaxation, grounding, containment and expression strategies AND the ability to utilize them for self-rescue from intrusions

What is Necessary?

Safety/StabilizationInterventions (Trauma Practice, 3rd Edition)

Suggested• 3-2-1 Sensory grounding• Diaphramatic breathing• Safe-place visualization• Thought Field Therapy

(TFT)• Light Stream • Icon in envelope

Additional• Progressive

Relaxation• Anchoring• Transitional Object• Postural grounding• Internal vault• Timed/metered

expression

Thought Field Therapy (TFT)Callahan

• Perturbations in the thought field contain the active information (see physicist David Bohm***) which triggers and forms the sequence of activities - neurological, chemical, hormonal and cognitive - which result in the experience of a negative emotion such as

fear, depression, anger, etc. • In TFT's unique diagnostic procedure the perturbations

are revealed and quickly subsumed. • The perturbations are of low inertial ladeness (contained

in an energy form as the information on an audio or video tape has less inertial quality than the tape itself) and this fact explains the unusual speed of the therapy; the unusual effectiveness is explained by the fundamental

nature of the perturbations.

SUDs SUDs

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

Thought Field Therapy (TFT)Callahan

1. Trauma Memory2. SUDS3. Algorithm (trauma)• Eye brow (5-8 taps)• Under eye (5-8 taps)• Underarm (5-8 taps)• Collarbone (5-8 taps)

4. 9 Gamut• while continuously tapping

9-Gamut spot...

• Eyes open • Eyes closed• eyes open down right• eyes open down left• eyes clockwise• eyes counterclockwise• hum a tune• count to five (aloud)• hum a tune

5. Repeat # 3

Thought Field Therapy (TFT)Callahan

• Callahan Techniques®,Ltd.78-816 Via CarmelLa Quinta, CA 92253(760) 564-1008

• FOR ORDERS CALL 1(800)359-CURE Dept. WBOR FAX Your Order to (760) 360-5258E-Mail joanne@tftrx.com

6. SUDS• If decreased 2+ units then

repeat until SUDS = 0• If decrease < 2, then:

7. Psychological Reversal• tap on heel of hand• “I accept myself event

though I still _______” (3x)

4. Ability to demonstrate self-regulation. 

5. Ability to demonstrate self-rescue. 

6. Contract (verbal) with client to address traumatic material

Good Therapeutic RelationshipNon-anxious presence and good prognosis from clinician.

What is Necessary?

Tri-Phasic Model:Remembrance & Mourning

Desensitization & Reprocessing