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Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of baabtra
as a part of mentoring program. This is not official document of
baabtra Mentoring PartnerBaabtra-Mentoring Partner is the mentoring
division of baabte System Technologies Pvt . Ltd2TRANSLATORS AND
INTERPRETERARJUN S
[email protected]/arjunaryavarthamtwitter.com/arjun.sr007Arjun.sr0079745649882
3INTRODUCTION Any program that is not written in machine
language has to be translated in machine language before it is
executed by the computer. The means used for translation are
themselves computer programs. There are three types of translator
programs i.e. Assembler, Compilers and Interpreters.
ASSEMBLER: Assembler is a computer program which is used to
translate program written in Assembly Language in to machine
language. The translated program is called as object program.
Assembler checks each instruction for its correctness and generates
diagnostic messages, if there are mistakes in the program.Translate
mnemonic operation codes to their machine language equivalents.
Assigning machine addresses to symbolic labels.Assembler directives
(or pseudo-instructions) provide instructions to the assembler
itself. They are not translated into machine instructions Eg:
START,ENDThe output of the assembler program is called the object
code or object program.The object code is usually amachine code,
also called amachine language, which can be understood directly by
a specific type of CPU (central processing unit), such as x86
(i.e., Intel-compatible) or PowerPC. However,
some compilers are designed to convert source code into
anassembly languageor some other another programming language. An
assembly language is a human-readable notation for the machine
language that a specific type of CPU uses.An object code file can
contain not only the object code, but also relocation information
that thelinkeruses to assemble multiple object files to form an
executable program. It can also contain other information, such as
program symbols (names of variables and functions)
anddebugging(i.e., removing errors) informationFLAT ASSEMBLER(FASM)
are the example of one of assembler.
LABEL OPCODE OPERANDS ; COMMENTSEx: 10100101 01110001 LDA
&71 01101001 00000001 ADD #&01 10000101 01110001 STA
&71
Source codeAssembly processExecutable codeCOMPILER A compiler is
a program that translates a program written in HLL to executable
machine language. The process of transferring HLL source program in
to object code is a lengthy and complex process as compared to
assembling. Compliers have diagnostic capabilities and prompt the
programmer with appropriate error message while compiling a HLL
program. The corrections are to be incorporated in the program,
whenever needed, and the program has to be recompiled. The process
is repeated until the program is mistake free and translated to an
object code.
JOB OF COMPILER1.To translate HLL source program to machine
codes.
2. To trace variables in the program
3. To include linkage for subroutines.
4. To allocate memory for storage of program and variables.
5. To generate error messages, if there are errors in then
program. High-level languages such as C, C++ and Java compilers are
employed. The compiler displays the list of errors and warnings for
the statements violating the syntax rules of the language.
Compilers also have the ability of linking subroutines of the
program. Some of examples of Compiler:Microsoft Visual
StudioBlueJQuincy 2005
Source codeCompilerExecutable codeINTERPRETER The basic purpose
of interpreter is same as that of complier. In compiler, the
program is translated completely and directly executable version is
generated. Whereas interpreter translates each instruction,
executes it and then the next instruction is translated and this
goes on until end of the program. In this case, object code is not
stored and reused. Every time the program is executed, the
interpreter translates each instruction freshlyJava script,
pearl,python are the examples of interpreter languages.
Source codeInterpreterExecutable codeGet next
instructionADVANTAGE:1. Good at locating errors in programs2.
Debugging is easier since the interpreter stops when it encounters
an error.3. If an error is deducted there is no need to retranslate
the whole program
DISADVANTAGE:1. Rather slow2. No object code is produced, so a
translation has to be done every time the program is running.3. For
the program to run, the Interpreter must be present
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