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in chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has two possible meanings:

• The IUPAC definition[! defines a transition metal as "an element whose atom has a

partially filled d  s#b$shell, or which can gi%e rise to cations with an incomplete d  s#b$shell"&

• 'ost scientists describe a "transition metal" as any element in the d$bloc of the periodic

table, which incl#des gro#ps to * on the periodic table& [*![! In act#al practice, the f$

bloc lanthanide and actinide series are also

considered transition metals and are called

"inner transition metals"&

The + elements in gro#ps thro#gh * of theperiodic table are called "transition metals"& As withall metals, the transition elements are both d#ctileand malleable, and cond#ct electricity andheat& The interesting thing abo#t transitionmetals is that their %alence electrons, or theelectrons they #se to combine with otherelements, are present in more than one shell& Thisis the reason why they often ehibit se%eralcommon oidation states& There are threenoteworthy elements in the transition metalsfamily& These elements are iron, cobalt, and

nicel, and they are the only elements nown toprod#ce a magnetic field&

The Transition 'etals are:

-eca#se they possess the properties

of  metals, the transition elements are

also nown as the transition metals& These

elements are %ery hard, with high melting

points and boiling points& 'o%ing from left to

right across the periodic table, the

fi%e d  orbitals become more filled&

The d  electrons are loosely bo#nd, which

contrib#tes to the high electrical cond#cti%ity

and malleability of the transition elements&

The transition elements ha%e low

ioni.ation energies& They ehibit a wide range

of  oidation states or positi%ely

• /candi#

m

• Titani#m

• 0anadi#

m

• Chromi#

m

• 'angane

se

• Iron

• Cobalt

• 1icel

• Copper 

• 2inc

• 3ttri#m

• 2irconi#

m

• 1iobi#m

• 'olybden

#m

• Techneti#

m

• 4#theni#

m

• 4hodi#m

• Palladi#

m

• /il%er 

 

• Cadmi#m

• 5afni#m

• Tantal#m

• T#ngsten

• 4heni#m

• 6smi#m

• Iridi#m

• Platin#m

• 7old

• 'erc#ry

• 4#therford

i#m

• 8#bni#m

• /eaborgi#

m

• -ohri#m

• 5assi#m

• 'eitneri#

m

• Un#nnili#

m

• Un#n#ni#

m

• Un#nbi#m

•

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidehttp://chemistry.about.com/od/elementgroups/a/metals.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/elementgroups/a/metals.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/electronicstructure/a/Valences-Of-The-Elements.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/electronicstructure/a/Valences-Of-The-Elements.htmhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ti.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/v.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/v.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mn.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mn.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fe.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/co.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ni.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cu.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zn.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/y.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/nb.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mo.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mo.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/tc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/tc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ru.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ru.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/rh.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pd.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pd.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ag.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cd.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hf.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ta.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/w.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/re.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/os.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ir.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pt.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/au.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hg.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/rf.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/rf.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/db.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sg.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sg.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/bh.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hs.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mt.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mt.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uun.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uun.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uuu.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uuu.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uub.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_tablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition_metal#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-blockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinidehttp://chemistry.about.com/od/elementgroups/a/metals.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/electronicstructure/a/Valences-Of-The-Elements.htmhttp://chemistry.about.com/od/electronicstructure/a/Valences-Of-The-Elements.htmhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ti.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/v.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/v.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mn.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mn.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/fe.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/co.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ni.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cu.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zn.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/y.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/zr.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/nb.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mo.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mo.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/tc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/tc.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ru.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ru.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/rh.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pd.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pd.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ag.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cd.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hf.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ta.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/w.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/re.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/os.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ir.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/pt.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/au.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hg.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/rf.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/rf.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/db.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sg.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/sg.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/bh.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hs.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mt.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/mt.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uun.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uun.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uuu.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uuu.htmlhttp://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/uub.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC

8/17/2019 Transitioning Metals

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charged forms& The positi%e oidation states allow transition elements to form many

different ionic and partially ionic compo#nds& The formation of complees ca#ses

the d  orbitals to split into two energy s#ble%els, which enables many of the complees to

absorb specific fre9#encies of light& Th#s, the complees form characteristic colored

sol#tions and compo#nds& Compleation reactions sometimes enhance the relati%ely low

sol#bility of some compo#nds&

• 5igh melting points

• 5igh boiling points

• 5igh electrical cond#cti%ity

• 'alleable

• i%e d  orbitals become more filled, from left to right on periodic table