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8/17/2019 Training of Research Methodology
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WAWANG SETIAWAN SUKARYA
School of MedicineBandung Islamic Universi!
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W"AT IS
REASEAR#" $RESEAR#" IS T"E SYSTEMATI# %
#&''E#TI&N
ANA'YSIS INTER(RETATI&N &) *ATA
T& ANSWER A #ERTAIN +UESTI&N&R S&',E A (R&B'EM
Corlien M. Varkevisser, Ann Brownlee et al, 1991
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#"ARATERISTI#S
o *EMAN*S A*EMAN*S A #'EAR STATEMENT#'EAR STATEMENT &) T"E&) T"E(R&B'EM(R&B'EM
o RE+UIRESRE+UIRES A ('ANA ('AN
-i is no aimlessl! . loo/ing for somehing0in he ho1es ha !ou 2ill . come across a
soluion03
o BUI'*S &NBUI'*S &N E4ISTING *ATAE4ISTING *ATA5 USING B&T"5 USING B&T"(&SITI,E AN* NEGATI,E )IN*INGS(&SITI,E AN* NEGATI,E )IN*INGS
o NEW *ATA S"&U'* BE #&''E#TE*NEW *ATA S"&U'* BE #&''E#TE* ASASRE+UIRE* AN*RE+UIRE* AN* BE &RGANI6E*BE &RGANI6E* IN SU#" AIN SU#" AWAY T"AT T"EY ANSWER T"E &RIGINA'WAY T"AT T"EY ANSWER T"E &RIGINA'RESEAR#" +UESTI&N -s3RESEAR#" +UESTI&N -s3
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RESEAR#"
7878 BASI# RESEAR#"BASI# RESEAR#"
9898 A(('IE* RESEAR#"A(('IE* RESEAR#"
RA(I* E,&'UTI&N &) #&N#E(T : RESEAR#" -W"&57;;'in/ed Research
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I*ENTI)YING :
(RI&RITI6ING(R&B'EMS )&R
RESEAR#"
(R&B'EM(R&B'EM I*ENTI)I#ATI&N
#RITERIA )&R (RI&RITI6ING)&R (RI&RITI6ING
(R&B'EMS )&R RESEAR#"(R&B'EMS )&R RESEAR#"
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(R&B'EMS I*ENTI)I#ATI&N
T"REE BR&A* #ATEG&RIES %
7878 *ES#RI(TI&N &)*ES#RI(TI&N &) "EA'T" (R&B'EMS RE+UIRE*RE+UIRE* )&R ('ANNING INTER,ENTI&NS)&R ('ANNING INTER,ENTI&NS
-magniude : disri?uion of healh needs= o= o
formulae ade@uae 1olicies and 1lan inervenions3formulae ade@uae 1olicies and 1lan inervenions39898 IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE*IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE* T& E,A'UATE &NG&ING
INTER,ENTI&NS -#overage of "ealh Needs5 #overage of Targe-#overage of "ealh Needs5 #overage of Targe
Grou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1acGrou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1ac
C8C8 IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE*IN)&RMATI&N RE+UIRE* T& *E)INE (R&B'EMSSITUATI&NS -arising during he im1lemenaion ofhealh aciviies35
T& ANA'Y6E (&SSIB'E #AUSES T& )IN* S&'UTI&NST& )IN* S&'UTI&NS
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*ES#RI(TI&N &)*ES#RI(TI&N &) "EA'T" (R&B'EMS -magniude : disri?uion of healh needs=
o formulae ade@uae 1olicies and 1lan inervenions3
E,A'UATE &NG&ING INTER,ENTI&NS
-"ealh Needs5 Targe Grou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1ac3-"ealh Needs5 Targe Grou1s5 +uali!5 #os5 Eecs Im1ac3
*E)INE (R&B'EMS SITUATI&NS -arising during he im1lemenaion of healh aciviies3
ANA'Y6E (&SSIB'E #AUSES
)IN* S&'UTI&NS)IN* S&'UTI&NS
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)RAME W&RK &) #,EET"I#
,A'I*ITY
#&NSISTENT
Introduction
(2)
Research
Design (4)
Large of
samples (5)
Analysis plan
(6)
Epected Result
(!)
"ypothesis
(#)
$tatistical %ro&lem
Identification (')
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(R&B'EM SITUATI&N
7878 A (ER#EI,E*A (ER#EI,E* *I))EREN#E &R*IS#RE(AN#Y BETWEENBETWEEN W"AT E4ISTSW"AT E4ISTS AN*AN*
T"E I*EA'T"E I*EA' &R ('ANNE* SITUATI&N&R ('ANNE* SITUATI&N
9898 T"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#ET"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#E
S"&U'* BE UN#'EARS"&U'* BE UN#'EAR-ha i ma/es sense o develo1 a
research @uesion3
C8C8 S"&U'* BES"&U'* BE M&RE T"AN &NE (&SSIB'E
ANSWERANSWER T& T"E +UESTI&N &R S&'UTI&N T&T& T"E +UESTI&N &R S&'UTI&N T&T"E (R&B'EMT"E (R&B'EM
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*I))EREN#E &R *IS#RE(AN#Y -W"AT E4ISTS D T"E I*EA' &R ('ANNE* SITUATI&N3
T"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#ET"E REAS&N -s3 )&R T"IS *I))EREN#E
S"&U'* BE UN#'EAR RESEAR#" +UESTI&N
M&RE T"AN &NE (&SSIB'E ANSWERANSWER
- T& T"E +UESTI&N &R S&'UTI&N T"E (R&B'EM3
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BA#KGR&UN*
(R&B'EM SITUATI&N(R&B'EM SITUATI&N
MAGNITU*E &) T"E (R&B'EMMAGNITU*E &) T"E (R&B'EM
IM(A#T &) T"E (R&B'EMIM(A#T &) T"E (R&B'EM
S(E#I)I# (R&B'EMS -E5 *5 (r3S(E#I)I# (R&B'EMS -E5 *5 (r3
E'AB&RATI&NE'AB&RATI&N
*IS#RE(AN#Y *IS#RE(AN#Y
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(R&B'EM SITUATI&N
The lis of ingrediens in o?acco smo/e includesThe lis of ingrediens in o?acco smo/e includesover F51!rene35 aromaic amines -9>na1hh!lamine5 F>amino?i1hen!l35 N>nirosamines5 o?acco s1ecicamino?i1hen!l35 N>nirosamines5 o?acco s1ecicN>nirosamines and radioacive al1ha>1aricleN>nirosamines and radioacive al1ha>1aricleemiers -1olonium>9797
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Almos 7 ?illion men in he 2orld smo/eAlmos 7 ?illion men in he 2orld smo/e CJ of men in develo1ed counriesCJ of men in develo1ed counries
J
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MAGNITU*E &) T"E (R&B'EM
IN IN*&NESIA
In 9
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"ealh conse@uences of o?acco use are %
S1ecic diseases are caused ?! smo/ingS1ecic diseases are caused ?! smo/ing
Ris/s of smo/ing rise 2ih ageRis/s of smo/ing rise 2ih age
Smo/ers have diminished overall healhSmo/ers have diminished overall healh
Smo/ers have decreased lifeSmo/ers have decreased life
eO1ecanc!eO1ecanc!
IM(A#T &) T"E (R&B'EM
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STUDY OF SMOKING AND DEAT IN MA!E "#ITIS DO$TO#SSTUDY OF SMOKING AND DEAT IN MA!E "#ITIS DO$TO#S
• Recorded allRecorded all deathsdeaths for 5 !ears "1951#$1%for 5 !ears "1951#$1%
Main findin&s "for men 'orn in the $Main findin&s "for men 'orn in the $ thth cent(r!%cent(r!% )mokers lose, on avera&e,)mokers lose, on avera&e, 1 !ears1 !ears of health! lifeof health! life
www.deathsfromsmokin&.net
* Asked all + doctors in 1951, and -eriodicall!
thereafter, what the! themselves smoked
– )to--in& smokin& worksoll R, /eto R et al. Mortalit! in relation to smokin&. 5oll R, /eto R et al. Mortalit! in relation to smokin&. 5
!ears0 o'servations on male British doctors. BM $23!ears0 o'servations on male British doctors. BM $23
4$6 1519#$.4$6 1519#$.
E'AB&RATI&N
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S(E#I)I#(R&B'EMS
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In mos counries5 docors and oherIn mos counries5 docors and oherhealh care 1rofessionals are highl!healh care 1rofessionals are highl!res1eced and inuenial communi!res1eced and inuenial communi!leaders8leaders8
Medical 1rofessionalsMedical 1rofessionals 1ro?a?l! have he1ro?a?l! have hegreaes 1oenial of an! grou1 in socie!greaes 1oenial of an! grou1 in socie!oo 1romoe a reducion in %1romoe a reducion in %
o?acco useo?acco use
o?acco induced morali! and mor?idi!o?acco induced morali! and mor?idi!
*avid
Sim1son
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T"E +UESTI&N IS %"o2 is he role of docors in Indonesia inan eor o decrease he communi! ofsmo/ers
This is of ineres o he auhor o eOamine herole of docors in Indonesia in an eor oreduce he num?er of smo/ers in hecommuni!
Currently there is no data on the role ofdoctors in Indonesia to decreasecommunity of smokers
)CR8/AC:
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(R&B'EM I*ENTI)I#ATI&N RESEAR#"+UESTI&N
TERMS &) RESEAR#" +UESTI&N %
1.1. S(E#I)I#S(E#I)I# --STATEMENT &) RESEAR#" ,ARIAB'E3STATEMENT &) RESEAR#" ,ARIAB'E333
9898 &NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E )&R &NE *E(EN*ENT&NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E )&R &NE *E(EN*ENT
,ARIAB'E,ARIAB'E
• More than one inde-endent can 'e (nifiedMore than one inde-endent can 'e (nified
• More than one de-endent varia'le m(st 'e se-aratedMore than one de-endent varia'le m(st 'e se-arated
4.4. T"E MAIN +UESTI&NS AN* SU(('EMENTARYT"E MAIN +UESTI&NS AN* SU(('EMENTARY
+UESTI&NS+UESTI&NS
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E4AM('E No8 78 % S(E#I)I# STATEMENTE4AM('E No8 78 % S(E#I)I# STATEMENT
Is here a correlaion ?e2een smo/erIs here a correlaion ?e2een smo/er
?ehavior?ehavior
andand hear disease $hear disease $ No s1ecic PNo s1ecic P
IS T"ERE A #&RRE'ATI&N BETWEEN SM&KERIS T"ERE A #&RRE'ATI&N BETWEEN SM&KER
BE"A,I&R AN*BE"A,I&R AN* MYAR* IN)AR#T $
>>>>>S(E#I)I#
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IS T"ERE A RE'ATI&NS"I( BETWEEN T"E#URE AN* TREATMENT A'S& SI*E
E))E#TS$ Q
78IS T"ERE A RE'ATI&NS"I( BETWEENT"E #URE AN* TREATMENT $
98 IS T"ERE A RE'ATI&NS"I( BETWEENT"E #URE AN* SI*E E))E#TS $
E4AM('E N&8 9 &NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E&NE IN*E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E
)&R &NE *E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E)&R &NE *E(EN*ENT ,ARIAB'E
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E4AM('E N&8 C % T"E MAIN +UESTI&NS AN*SU(('EMENTARY +UESTI&NS
;; Clinical trials com-arin&Clinical trials com-arin&
Recover! and side effects.Recover! and side effects.
&ro(-.
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(R&B'EM I*ENTI)I#ATI&N %
78 "o2 he num?er of smo/ers @ui smo/ing ?!
1roviding o1imal consulaion5 medicine andreha?iliaive healh services ?! Indonesiandocors $
98 "o2 he role of Indonesian docors in1roviding consulaion5 medicine and
reha?iliaive healh services $
C8 Is here a correlaion ?e2een he num?er ofsmo/ers @ui smo/ing an% he role ofIndonesian docors in conducing communi!healh educaion5 hrough ineracive radio
and elevision al/ sho25 aricle on ne2s1a1er $
T&(I# %
A correlation 'etween the n(m'er of smokers @(it smokin& and the role
of ndonesian doctors in cond(ctin& comm(nit! health ed(cation,
thro(&h interactive radio and television talk show, article on news -a-er.
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&BE#TI,E %
78 To /no2 he num?er of smo/ers @ui smo/ing?! 1roviding o1imal consulaion5 medicineand reha?iliaive healh services ?!Indonesian docors $
98 To /no2 he role of Indonesian docors in
1roviding consulaion5 medicine andreha?iliaive healh services $
C8 To /no2 a correlaion ?e2een he num?er ofsmo/ers @ui smo/ing an% he role ofIndonesian docors in conducing communi!healh educaion5 hrough ineracive radioand elevision al/ sho25 aricle on ne2s1a1er $
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(R&B'EMI*ENTI)I#ATI&N
&BE#TI,E RE)'E#TE* IN T"ETITT'E
#&N#'USI&N
"Y(&T"ESIS %
TEM(&RARY ANSWER T& I*ENTI)Y T"E(R&B'EM
-&NE TAI' = TW& TAI'3
S$EME
BA#KGR&UN
*
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KERANGKA TE&RI
utrisi(B6,B12,Asam Folat)
Ati*asi
sel endotel
prostaglandinRespon
presor yangmeningat
+eneti
1.
MTHFR2.
MS
#,
-.$4. SHMT
5.
MTHFD
6.
BHMT Endotelin Nitric oxide
%roses eganasan%rotein
Angiogeni
%rotein anti
angiogeni
%enyait inflamasi
ronis (LE$)
homosistein /e0as
Endotel
%soriasis
%E.
1&at2o&atan3 Fenitoin,Karbamasein,
MT!, Teo"ilin
4atornutrisi
In*asitrofo&las
yang
a&normal
5eroo
4ator
imunologi
4ator
geneti
6sia lan0ut
1.1#.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.
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KERANGKAK&NSE(
KERANGKAK&NSE(
MERU(AKANABSTRAKSI -*IBENTUK
*ARI GENERA'ISASI"A'>"A' K"USUS3
TI*AK *A(AT *IAMATI *IUKUR 'ANGSUNG
"ANYA *A(AT*IAMATI*IUKUR
ME'A'UI K&NSTRUK-,ARIABE'3
,ARIABE' A*A'A" SIMB&' ATAU 'AMBANG YANG MENUNUKKAN NI'AI BI'ANGAN *ARIK&NSE( -,ARIABE' A*A'A" SESUATU YANG
BER,ARIASI3
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SE"AT A*A'A"K&NSE(
UNTUK MENGETA"UIA(AKA" SESE&RANG
ITU SE"ATTI*AK 5"ARUS *I K&NSTRUK ,ARIABE'
,ARIABE' % TEKANAN*ARA"5 *ENYUT NA*I5 "?
ds?
S&SEK A*A'A"K&NSE(
UNTUK MENGUKURS&SEK SEBUA"
KE'UARGA "ARUS *IK&NSTRUK ,ARIABE'
#&NT&"%
,ARIABE' % TINGKAT(EN*I*IKAN5 (EKERAAN5
(EN*A(ATAN ds?
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KERANGKA K&NSE( (ENE'ITIAN (A*A *ASARNYA A*A'A"
KERANGKA "UBUNGAN ANTARAK&NSE(>K&NSE( YANG INGIN
*IAMATI ATAU *IUKUR ME'A'UI(ENE'ITIAN>(ENE'ITIAN YANG
AKAN *I'AKUKAN
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)AKT&R(RE*IS(&SISI
> (EN*I*IKAN
> (ENGETA"UAN
> SIKA(
> (ERSE(SI
)AKT&R (EN*UKUNG
> (EN*A(ATANKE'UARGA
> KETERSE*IAAN WAKTU
)AKT&R (EN*&R&NG
> SIKA( (ETUGAS
> &RANG TUA
(ERI'AKU(EMBERIA
N ASI
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