TOWNSHIP OF UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS school/2015-16...TOWNSHIP OF UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS ... to give the student an understanding and appreciation of the human body’s structures and functions

TOWNSHIP OF UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS

SC 443 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Curriculum Guide 2014

Re-adopted 2015

Board Members

Mr. Francis R. Perkins, President

Mr. Richard J. Galante, Vice President

Mr. David Arminio

Ms. Susana Cooley

Mr. Thomas Layden

Mr. Vito Nufrio

Mr. Guy Francis

Ms. Lois Jackson

Mr. Angel Salcedo

TOWNSHIP OF UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS

Administration

District Superintendent …………………………………………………………………...……………………....Dr. Patrick Martin

Assistant Superintendent …………………………………………………………..……………………….….…Mr. Gregory Tatum

Assistant Superintendent ………………………………………………………………………………………….Dr. Noreen Lishak

Director of Student Information/Technology ………………………………..………………………….………….Ms. Ann M. Hart

Director of Athletics, Health, Physical Education and Nurses………………………………..……………………Ms. Linda Ionta

DEPARTMENT SUPERVISORS

Language Arts/Social Studies 3-5 ……..………………………………….…………………………………….. Mr. Robert Ghiretti

Language Arts/Social Studies Pre-K-2…………………………………………………………………………Ms. Maureen Corbett

Mathematics/ Science 3-5 …………………………………………….………………………………………. Ms. Deborah Ford

Mathematics/Science Pre-K-2……………………………………………………………………………………Ms. Terri Matthews

Guidance K-12/SAC …..………………………………………………………………………………….……….Ms. Nicole Ahern

Language /Library Services 6-12 ….………………………………….…………………………………….…Ms. Mary Malyska

Math 6-12…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Mr. Jason Mauriello

Science 6-12…….............…………………………………………………….………………………………….Ms. Maureen Guilfoyle

Social Studies/Business………………………………………………………………………………………..…….Ms. Libby Galante

World Language/ESL/Career Education/G&T/Computer Technology…...……………………………….….Ms. Yvonne Lorenzo

Art/Music …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….Mr. Ronald Rago

Curriculum Committee

Anatomy & Physiology

William Soranno

Table of Contents

Title Page Board Members Administration Department Supervisors Curriculum Committee Table of Content District Mission/Philosophy Statement District Goals Course Description Recommended Texts Course Proficiencies Curriculum Units Appendix: New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards

Mission Statement

The Township of Union Board of Education believes that every child is entitled to an education designed to meet

his or her individual needs in an environment that is conducive to learning. State standards, federal and state

mandates, and local goals and objectives, along with community input, must be reviewed and evaluated on a

regular basis to ensure that an atmosphere of learning is both encouraged and implemented. Furthermore, any

disruption to or interference with a healthy and safe educational environment must be addressed, corrected, or

when necessary, removed in order for the district to maintain the appropriate educational setting.

Philosophy Statement

The Township of Union Public School District, as a societal agency, reflects democratic ideals and concepts

through its educational practices. It is the belief of the Board of Education that a primary function of the Township

of Union Public School System is to formulate a learning climate conducive to the needs of all students in general,

providing therein for individual differences. The school operates as a partner with the home and community.

Statement of District Goals

Develop reading, writing, speaking, listening, and mathematical skills. Develop a pride in work and a feeling of self-worth, self-reliance, and self

discipline. Acquire and use the skills and habits involved in critical and constructive

thinking. Develop a code of behavior based on moral and ethical principals. Work with others cooperatively. Acquire a knowledge and appreciation of the historical record of human

achievement and failures and current societal issues. Acquire a knowledge and understanding of the physical and biological

sciences. Participate effectively and efficiently in economic life and the development

of skills to enter a specific field of work. Appreciate and understand literature, art, music, and other cultural

activities. Develop an understanding of the historical and cultural heritage. Develop a concern for the proper use and/or preservation of natural

resources. Develop basic skills in sports and other forms of recreation.

Course Description

This course is designed to give the student an understanding and appreciation of the human body’s structures and functions. By studying the disorders associated with the body’s systems, the student will understand how susceptible to disease the body can be and how decisions made in their everyday lives can affect their health.

The first half of this course will introduce the student to the basic principles of human anatomy and physiology and investigate skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. Numerous laboratory exercises, audio-visual materials, demonstrations, and lectures will be utilized to demonstrate the relationship of the structures and mechanisms of each system to the functions of the entire human body. The second half will investigate the cardiovascular, lymphatic (immune), respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive systems. The course will conclude with a fetal pig dissection. The twelfth grade human anatomy and physiology student will explore the following content topics that are aligned with the New Jersey Core Curriculum Science Standards:

Organization and Development 5.3.12A

Matter and Energy Transformations 5.3.12B

Reproduction and Heredity 5.5.12C These topics will incorporate the following content topics where applicable: Science Practices 5.1.12A,B,C,D Physical Science 5.2.12A,B,C,D

Recommended Textbooks

Marieb,E. Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition. Pearson,2010

Course Proficiencies

Students will be able to… A. Understand the levels of organization

1. Utilize the language of anatomy

2. Demonstrate an understanding of the chemical concepts essential to living organisms

3. Demonstrate that cells are the basic units of structure and function in living organisms

4. Understand how cells are organized into tissues and tissues into organs

5. Demonstrate an understanding of the processes of cell reproduction and differentiation

B. Understand structure/function relationships

1. Demonstrate an understanding of the skeletal system

2. Demonstrate an understanding of the muscular system

3. Demonstrate an understanding of the cardiovascular system

4. Demonstrate an understanding of the respiratory system

5. Demonstrate an understanding of the nervous system

6. Demonstrate an understanding of the endocrine system

7. Demonstrate an understanding of the digestive system

8. Demonstrate an understanding of the urinary system

9. Demonstrate an understanding of the reproductive system

C. Understand interdependence of systems

1. Demonstrate an understanding of homeostasis

2. Demonstrate an understanding of what cancer is and how it affects the systems of the body

Curriculum Units Unit 1: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Unit 2: Cells and Tissues Unit 3:Skeletal,Muscular,and Nervous Systems Unit 4: Lymphatic and Cardiovascular Systems Unit 5: Respiratory and Digestive Systems Unit 6: Urinary, Endocrine, and Reproductive Systems

Pacing Guide- Course

Content Number of Days Unit 1: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 10 Unit 2: Cells and Tissues 30 Unit 3: Skeletal,Muscular,and Nervous Systems 50 Unit 4: Lymphatic and Cardiovascular Systems 45 Unit 5: Respiratory and Digestive Systems 25 Unit 6: Urinary, Endocrine, and Reproductive Systems 20

Unit 1: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology

Essential Questions Instructional Objectives/ Skills and Benchmarks (CPIs)

Activities Assessments

1. What is the difference

between anatomy and physiology?

2. What is the basic human body plan?

3. What is the importance of homeostasis?

4. How do human systems maintain

homeostasis? 5. How do homeostatic

imbalances affect human health?

5.3.12A.1: Represent and explain the relationship between the structure and function of each class of complex molecules using a variety of models. 5.3.12A.6: Describe how a disease is the result of a malfunctioning system, organ, and cell, and relate to possible treatment interventions.

Utilize Internet websites to research human body structure.

Color and label body directions, surfaces, planes, cavities, and organs on human body diagrams.

List in order, and define the levels of structural organization of the human body.

Observe, examine, and explain information, diagrams, and animations of human body structure found on available computer software and video/DVD resources.

1. Chapter Tests 2. Homework 3.Lab Quizzes 4. Lab Reports 5. Lab Performance

Demonstrate the anatomical position.

Write and submit a lab report based on a lab investigation of the location and identification of organs and systems in a dissectible human body torso model.

Give examples of the homeostatic functions of human systems.

Give examples of various pathologies associated with homeostatic imbalance.

Unit 2: Cells and Tissues



List the functions of cell division in the human body.

Perform an Internet research to investigate mitosis and pathologies associated with abnormal cell division.

Color and label diagrams of the stages of cell division.

Examine and explain information, animations, and diagrams of both normal and abnormal cell division, found on available software resources.

List different types of cancers and their risk factors, effects on body systems, and prevention/treatment.

Write and submit lab reports based on the following lab investigations:

a. microscopically identify the stages and components of mitosis.

b. Simulate mitosis using

chromosome models. Utilize internetwebsites to investigate the types of tissues.

Color and label diagrams of the main types of tissues. Examine and explain information, animations, and diagrams of tissues, found on available software resources. Write and submit a lab report based upon a microscopic investigation of the various tissue types. The report will include the examination, identification, and drawing of these tissues. List ways that different tissues affect human health.

Unit 3:Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems



1. What is the function

of the skeletal system? 2. How are bones

structured? 3. What are the major

bones of the skeletal system?

4. How do joints result in movement?

5. What pathologies are associated with the skeletal system?

6. How does the muscular system function?

7. What are the three types of muscle tissue?

8. How is the structure of a skeletal muscle related to how it is able to contract?

9. What are the steps

5.3.12A.4: Distinguish between the processes of cellular growth(cell division) and development(differentiation). 5.3.12A.6: Describe how a disease is the result of a malfunctioning system, organ, and cell, and relate to possible treatment interventions.

List 5 functions of the skeletal system.

Explain how the skeleton maintains homeostasis.

Color and label: a. a diagram of the

structure of a typical long bone.

b. a diagram of the microscopic structure of compact bone.

c. diagrams of the major bones of the skeleton.

Utilize Internet websites to investigate the skeletal system.

Identify anatomical structures on a sectioned bone specimen.

Write and submit a lab report based on locating and identifying the bones


required for a muscle to contract?

10. What are the names of the major muscles, and what are their actions?

11. What are some disorders associated with the muscular system?

12. Why is the nervous system important?

13. How is the nervous system subdivided?

14. What is the structure of a neuron and how does it carry an impulse?

15. What are the parts of the Central Nervous system and their structures and functions?

16. What disorders affect the nervous system?

in a human

List the steps of bone development, from embryo to adult.

Examine and explain information on the skeletal system, found on available software resources.

List pathologies of the skeletal system.

List the functions of the muscular system.

Color and label diagrams of: a. the three ways of muscle tissue b. microscopic and gross anatomy of a skeletal muscle.

Utilize Internet websites to investigate the muscular

system.

List, in sequence, the events of muscle cell contraction (sliding filament theory).

Write and submit lab reports based on each of

the following lab investigations: a. experimental stimulation of frog muscle fibers and the resulting responses. b. microscopic examination of the three types of muscle tissue. c. identification of the major skeletal muscles and their actions.

Examine and explain information on the muscular system, found on available software resources.

List and explain several muscular disorders.



List the functions of the nervous system.

Color and label diagrams of the nervous system, including the neuron, brain, and spinal cord.

Utilize Internet websites to research the nervous system.

List, in sequence, the events involved in nerve impulse transmission and synaptic transmission.

Write and submit lab reports based on each of the following lab investigations:

microscopic examination of nervous tissue.

demonstration of nerve

tissue properties and reflexes.

dissection of an animal spinal cord.

dissection of a sheep brain.

Identify six of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves and their

functions. List and explain nervous system pathologies.

Examine and explain information on the nervous system, found on software resources.

Unit 4: Lymphatic and Cardiovascular Systems



1. What is the function of the lymphatic(immune) system?

2.How are the various components of the different lymphatic organs similar or distinct?

3.How do the structure and function of the immune system affect the homeostasis of the organism? 4. What are some immune system pathologies? 5. What are the components of the cardiovascular system? 6. What are the functions of blood?

5.3.12A.6: Describe how a disease is the result of a malfunctioning system, organ, and cell, and relate to possible treatment interventions.

Describe the molecular structure of the various lymphatic organs.

Examine and describe lymphatic vessels and circulation.

Describe lymph and its functions.

Compare and contrast the function and structure of various lymphatic organs.

Explain the lymphatic system’s role in human immunity against disease.

Examine, draw and label prepared microscope slides of various lymph tissue.


7. What are the types of blood cells? 8. What are the structures and functions of the heart? 9.What are the types, structures, and functions of blood vessels? 10. What is blood pressure?

11. What are major disease processes

that affect the cardiovascular system and how do they affect the whole organism?

Investigate information, diagrams and available Internet websites, CD-Rom, laserdisc and video resources.

Internet search of human immunity.

Research the spleen, tonsils, thymus gland and write a brief description of how each contributes to the function of the lymphatic system in maintaining health.

Complete immune system worksheet activity.

Write and submit a lab report based on each of the following lab exercises:

Identify and draw blood cell types microscopically.

Examine, draw, and label blood vessel types microscopically.

Examine information, diagrams, and perform investigations. Focus on available Internet websites, CD-Rom, laserdisc and video resources.

Write and submit a lab report based on each of the following lab exercises:

Dissect a preserved animal heart.

Identify heart sounds with a stethoscope.

Measure pulse rate and investigate factors that alter pulse rate. (standard or sensor)

Record and interpret an electrocardiogram.

Measure and interpret a blood pressure reading (manually and with computer sensors)

Examine heart models and identify structures (healthy vs. diseased)

List ways to maintain a healthy

cardiovascular system. Identify and discuss blood disorders

Examine and discuss heart pathology.

Give examples of vascular pathologies.

Unit 5: Respiratory and Digestive Systems



1. What are the structures and functions of the respiratory system? 2. How are the respiratory organs structured, and what are their functions? 3. What are the mechanics of breathing?

4. How are the respiratory gases exchanged at the cellular level in this system? 5. What factors contribute to respiratory infection and disease? 6. What is the importance of nutrition, and what are the classes of nutrients? 7. How does the digestive system function? 8. What are the digestive organs, their structures,

5.3.12A.3: Predict a cell’s response in a given set of environmental conditions. 5.3.12B.2: Use mathematical formulas to justify the concept of an efficient diet. 5.3.12B.6: Explain how the process of cellular respiration is similar to the burning of fossil fuels. 5.3.12A.1: Represent and explain the relationship between the structure and function of each class of complex molecules using a variety of models. 5.3.12A.2: Demonstrate the properties and functions of enzymes.

Internet search of human respiration at the cellular level.

Label diagrams of the respiratory system.

Study, draw and label prepared microscope slides of lung and trachea.

Demonstrate breathing mechanics with a bell jar model of the lungs and diaphragm.

Perform a lab investigation and submit a written report of breathing mechanics with a spirometer or

and functions? 9.How do the cellular structures at different levels determine digestive function? 10.How are certain disease conditions related to poor digestion? 11.What role does bacteria play in the digestive process? and diet?

5.3.12A.6: Describe how a disease is the result of a malfunctioning system, organ, and cell, and relate to possible treatment interventions.

electronic apparatus.

Perform a lab investigation and write a report on the anatomy of the respiratory system.

Examine information, diagrams and perform investigations found on available Internet websites, CD-Rom, laser disc and video resources.

Discuss ways to maintain a healthy respiratory system.

Internet search of digestive system, food and nutrition.

Investigate and discuss various CD Rom, laserdisc, video activities.

Label diagrams of the digestive system.

Observe and understand a lab demonstration of enzyme action. Written lab report to be submitted.

Perform a lab investigation of calories in food. Written lab report to be submitted.

Perform a lab investigation of the mouth, taste and swallowing. Written lab report to be submitted.

Construct a chart of digestive organs, foods, digestive enzymes involved and end products.

Lab examination of preserved animal stomach, small intestine and colon. Written lab report to be submitted.

Examine and draw prepared microscope

slides of stomach, intestine and colon. Written lab report to be submitted

Identify digestive organs on a human torso model.

Identify tooth types on plaster casts.

Create a list of good eating habits which will lead to maintaining a healthy digestive system.

Instructional Objectives/ Skills and Benchmarks (CPIs)


Unit 6: Urinary, Endocrine, and Reproductive Systems



1. What are the functions of the urinary system? 2. How are the urinary organs structured, and how do they function? 3. Why is the nephron important?

4.How is urine formed?

5.What factors affect how much urine is produced and its composition?

6.What role does a healthy urinary system play in the overall function of the organism? 7. What are the urinary system pathologies? 8. What are the functions of the endocrine system? 9.How do the endocrine and nervous systems compare in maintaining homeostasis? 10. What are the

5.3.12A.3: Predict a cell’s response in a given set of environmental conditions. 5.3.12A.6: Describe how a disease is the result of a malfunctioning system, organ, and cell, and relate to possible treatment interventions. 5.3.12D.3: Demonstrate through modeling how the sorting and recombination of genes during sexual reproduction has an affect on variation in offspring(meiosis, fertilization)

Conduct an Internet search of urinary system.

Utilize available CD Rom, laser disc, and video activities.

Perform a urinalysis using simulated urine. Written lab report to be submitted.

Construct a chart of normal and abnormal components of urine.

Explain various disorders of the urinary system.

Conduct an Internet


chemistry and functions of hormones? 11. What conditions stimulate hormone production? 12. What are the endo crine glands and what are the actions of their hormones? 13. How can endocrine disorders manifest themselves? 14. What are the structures and functions of the reproductive system? 15. What is the anatomy and physiology of the male and female reproductive organs? 16. How do hormones regulate the menstrual cycle? 17. What are the steps in fetal development and birth? 18. How does hormonal imbalance and environmental influences affect fetal development? 19. Why is the fetal pig

search of the endocrine system.

Utilize CD Rom, laser disc, video activities to analyze the endocrine system.

Explain negative feedback control, give a common example, and give an example involving the endocrine system.

Label diagrams and identify the endocrine glands.

Construct a chart comparing and contrasting the endocrine and nervous systems and how they function. Conduct Internet search of endocrine disorders.

Utilize available resources such as CD Rom, laser disc, video activities to examine endocrine dysfunction.

used for dissection in a human anatomy lab?

Locate endocrine glands on a human torso model.

Explain the disorders resulting from hyper-and hypo-secretion of hormones by endocrine glands.

Conduct an Internet search of the reproductive system.

Utilize CD Rom, laser disc, and video activities to examine the reproductive system.

Identify reproductive organs on diagrams by labels and colors.

Perform a lab investigation of the reproductive system by examining and drawing prepared microscope slides of ovary, testis, sperm cells, fallopian tube and penis. Written lab report to be submitted.

Label diagrams of human embryonic and fetal development, birth and associated structures.

Interpret a graphical representation of the menstrual cycle.

List and describe disorders of the male and female reproductive systems. Perform a laboratory dissection of a preserved fetal pig. Written lab report must be submitted.

Utilize associated Internet websites for research and review.

Examine fetal pig dissection lab manuals in order to locate organs and structures.

Construct a chart

comparing and contrasting pig and human anatomy.

Construct a chart comparing and contrasting fetal and adult anatomy.

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TOWNSHIP OF UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS school/2015-16...TOWNSHIP OF UNION PUBLIC SCHOOLS ... to give the student an understanding and appreciation of the human body’s structures and functions