Total Suspended & Dissolved Solids

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Physical parameters of water:

To determine Total Suspended Solids in a given sample of water. To determine Total Dissolved Solids in a given sample of water.

To determine the pH of a various samples of water.

To determine the turbidity of a given sample of water usingNephelometric method.

Chemical parameters of water: To determine the Total Hardness of water using EDTA method.

To determine the Alkalinity of a given sample of water usingIndicator method.

To determine Chloride Content in a given water sample byArgentometric method.

To determine the best coagulant/optimum coagulant doseusing JAR test.

Bacteriological parameters of water:

Presumptive test for Coliform Bacteria by multiple tube method.


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Typical problems:

Remediation of a contaminated site (=

fixing the past), Treatment of a dirty effluent (= dealing

with the present),

Pollution avoidance (= planning for thefuture).


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Environmental Engineering is a discipline of

engineering devoted to the development

and application of scientific knowledge

through technology to eliminate or minimize

adverse effects associated with human

activities.

It operates at four different levels:remediation of contaminated sites,

treatment of effluents, pollution prevention,

and care for future generations


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Total solidsis the term applied to thematerial left in the vessel after

evaporation of a sample of water/wastewater and its subsequent drying in anoven at a definite temperature. Totalsolids include total suspended solids

the portion of total solids retained by afilter and total dissolved solids theportion that passes through the filter.


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Fixed solids are the residue remaining

after ignition for 1 hour at 550C. The solidportion that is volatilized during ignition iscalled volatile solids.


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Suspended solids in water refer to thesolids which are suspended in the waterand would be caught by a filter. TSS can

include a wide variety of material, suchas silt, decaying plant and animalmatter, industrial wastes, and sewage.High concentrations of suspended solids

can cause many problems for streamhealth and aquatic life.


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Solids which are dissolved in the waterand would pass through a

filter. Dissolved solids are measured bypassing the sample water through afilter, then drying the water which passesthrough. The solids remaining after the

filtered water is dried are the dissolvedsolids. Dissolved solids in water are salts,sugar, metals, cations , anions .


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Dissolved solids are 40% Organic (fuels,solvents for cleansing, herbicides,pesticides) and 60% Inorganic (Ca, Sulfates,

Bicarbonates) Water is a good solvent so it pick up

impurities easily

Pure water is tasteless, odorless andcolorless

TDS originate from Natural sources, run-off,industrial wastes and chemicals used inwastewater treatment plants

TDS shows GENERAL water Quality.


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High TSS can block light from reaching submergedvegetation. As the amount of light passing throughthe water is reduced, photosynthesis slows down.

Reduced rates of photosynthesis causes less dissolvedoxygen to be released into the water by plants

Objectionable in water

Aesthetically displeasing and provide adsorption sites

(adhesion of atoms, ions, molecules of gas, liquid ordissolved solids to a surface) for chemical andbiological impurities

Impurities aroundadsorption site


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Concentration of TDS that are too high or too lowmay limit the growth and may lead to the death ofmany aquatic organisms

(constant level of minerals is necessary for aquatic

animals because TDS like nitrogen, phosphorous etcare the building blocks of molecules for life)

Concentration of dissolved ions may cause the waterto be corrosive, salty and decrease the efficiency ofhot water heaters

High concentration of TDS may reduce water clarity,which contributes to a decrease in photosynthesisand to an increase in water temperature


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Max desirable = 500mg/lit Max permissible = 1500 mg/lit

W.H.O guideline value = 1000 mg/lit


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N.E.Q.S value =3500 mg/lit W.H.O guideline value =500 mg/lit

For industrial andmunicipal effluents


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Take a filter paper and record its weight asW1.

Now take water sample about 50 ml in flask.

Now pass the water sample over filterpaper.

Now place the filter paper for drying inoven at 103-105 degree centigrade for 1

hour and then in desiccator for 30 minutesand record weight of filter as W2 &determine amount of suspended solids as

Suspended solids(mg/lit) = (W2-W1)* 10^6 /V(50 ml)


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Take a china dish and weigh it as W1.

Take the water sample which pass the filterpaper and into the china dish.

Take the china dish and place it in waterbath for 3 hrs at 90 degree centigrade.

Now take the china dish and place it inoven for 1 hour at 103 degree centigrade

for 1 hour. Now weigh the china dish again as W2 and

apply the above formula to find dissolvedsolids.


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The desiccator is used to store driedsamples in a dry atmosphere, usually

silica gel is used as desiccant Purpose of water bath is to heat

materials gently and gradually to fixedtemperature or simply to control thetemperature more precisely that ispossible with an open flame


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Quiz #1COMING CLASS


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Total Suspended & Dissolved Solids