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Topic 3:The Industrial Revolution (Chapter 25), Age of Democracy & Progress (Chapter 26), Age of
Imperialism (Chapter 27), & Transformations Around the Globe (Chapter 28)
1900
Latin America
Farming in the Middle Ages:
Disadvantages:
Forces for change:
Graphic:
Enclosure Movement:
Crop Rotation:
Other Discoveries:
Results of the Agricultural Revolution:
Graphic:
Farming in the Middle Ages:
•Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming)
•One of three fields left fallow (empty_ to regain fertility
•Animals grazed in common pastures
Disadvantages:
•Land use was inefficient
•Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methods.
Forces for change:
•Population growing- more food is needed
•French blockade- no corn- more food is needed.
Enclosure Movement:
•Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology
•Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became poorer
Crop Rotation:
•Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops
•Fields not left inefficiently fallow.
Other Discoveries:
• Seed drill planted seeds efficiently
•New crops: Corn and potato
Results of the Agricultural Revolution:
•More food available
•Population increased
Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry:
Capitalism:
Effects of the Cottage Industry:
Graphic:
Textile Industry Invented:
Rise of the Factory:
Effects of Textile Factories in Britain:
Graphic:
Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry:
•Supplied materials- wool and cotton- to cottages to be carded and spun
•Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth
•Merchants sell product for mote than material and labor costs= profit +larger investment= higher profit.
Capitalism:
•An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit
•Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism.
Effects of the Cottage Industry:
•Big profits for new class of merchants
•Alternative source of income for peasants
Shift from Cottage Industry to Factory Work
Illustration of scavengers and piecers at work
Textile Industry Invented:
•Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles
•Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning
•Power loom sped up weaving
•Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton
Rise of the Factory:
•New machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories
•Factories located new power source: coal, iron, water
Effects of Textile Factories in Britain:
•Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand produced items
•Britain’s textile industry increased enormously
•‘Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories.
The Need for Energy:
How the Steam Engine Worked:
Effect of Steam Engine:
Graphic:
The Need for Iron:
The Need for Coal:
Effect of Iron and Coal:
Graphic:
The Need for Energy:
•Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills
•Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power
How the Steam Engine Worked:
•Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power
Effect of Steam Engine:
•Steam Power, used wherever coal existed, increased textile production
•Improved mining which increased metal which in turn fueled other industries
The Need for Iron:
• Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways
•Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon
The Need for Coal:
•Carbon necessary for smelting iron
•Steam engines powered by coal
Effect of Iron and Coal:
•Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined
•Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy.
The Need for Better Transportation:
Inventions:
Effects of Railroads:
Graphic:
Geography:
Government:
Social Factors:
Colonial Empire:
Advantages of Industrializing First::
The Need for Better Transportation:
•Increased production increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaply
•Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roads
Inventions:
• Stone and eventually asphalt roads
•Canals
•Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829
Effects of Railroads:
•Expanded rapidly throughout Britain
•Cheaper transportation increased production and profits
•Railways fueled other industries: Coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products
Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution
Geography:
•Climate good for textile production
•Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal
•Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars
Government:
•Internal trade encouraged
•Population allowed to relocate
•Helped build canals and roads
Social Factors:
•British society less rigid than other European countries
Colonial Empire:
•Supplied raw material for manufactured goods
•Provided market for goods
Advantages of Industrializing First:
•No other countries competing for manufactured goods
•Monopoly on technology
Industrialization in Great BritainIndustrialization in Great Britain
Ingredients for IndustrializationIngredients for Industrialization
Natural Natural ResourcesResources
Invention Invention “Explosion”“Explosion”
Growing Urban Growing Urban workforceworkforce
$$
Sensory Figures
What do I see?
What do I hear?
What do I feel?
What do I say?
What do I smell?
What do I touch?
Industry Develops in Great Britain
Large population increase
Expanding economy Political Stability
Factors of production
Creativity & new inventions
Highly developed banking systems
Many natural resources
Causes EffectsEnclosure Movement •New agricultural methods
•Forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to cities
Crop Rotation No more exhausted farm landInventions in Textiles Took spinning & weaving out of house and into factoriesTransportation Improvements Steam engine, steamboat, road transportation, & locomotiveRailroads Increased industrial growth, boosted agricultural & fishing
industry, thousands of new jobs, & travel made easier (country to city)
Upper Class: rich entrepreneurs,
factory owners, merchants,
bankers
Upper Middle Class: Government employees, doctors, lawyers, managers
of factories
Lower Middle Class: factory overseers, skilled workers, printers
Working Class: Laborers
Industrial Changes
Positive Effects
Earn higher wages
Heat homes (could afford it)
Better food
Better clothing
Created jobs
England’s economy grew
Negative Effects
Living conditions
Working conditions
Alcoholism
Class tensions
Domestic violence inc.
Pollution
My book is called __________
The economic policy I support is
____________.
The pamphlet I co-authored is called ___________
The economic policy I support is
___________
The Wealth of Nations
Capitalism
Communist Manifesto
Socialism
Britain’s Steps Toward Democracy
Chapter 26
•Fewer than 5% of the population has the right to vote
•Politics dominated by wealthy men
•Religious restrictions on voting and holding office
•Rotten boroughs
•Removal of religious restrictions
•Trade unions legalized
•Vote extended to most male property owners
•Redistribution of seats in House of commons
•Slavery abolished in Britain and British colonies
•Vote extended to working-class men
•Free elementary education for all children
•Vote extended to include most men
•Secret ballot introduced
•Reforms in public housing & health
•Restrictions on power of the House of Lords
•Vote extended to women over 30
•Vote extended to all women
When?
Where?
Organizations?
Accomplishments?
1800s
Britain
Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)
•organized the movement
•brought attention to the cause
• success was gradual, right to vote does not come until after WWI
Anti-Semitism
• Definition: prejudice against Jews
•The Dreyfus Affair- Jewish Officer Dreyfus, France, accused of selling
military secrets to Germany- found guilty, but evidence shows he was framed
•Leads to widespread anti- Semitism in Europe- pogroms
•Rise of Zionism- movement for a Jewish homeland in Palestine
An anti-Dreyfus poster: Jews are being driven out of France. The caption reads: "Long live France! Long live the Army! Down with the Jews! Death to the traitors!" The poster also
calls for a boycott of Jewish shops.
What?
Where?
When?
Accomplishments?
19th-century Britain, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men.
Britain
19th-century (1838)
By the early 1900s: Suffrage for all men & secret ballot
Who?
Ideas?
When?
Accomplishments?
•Wrote book: The Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
English Naturalist (Scientist)
•Survival of the Fittest
•Theory of Evolution
Late 19th-century
Overview of Imperialism
Make a Web of the Factors Enabling the Scramble for Africa
Military Force: Better Technology
Railways and Steam Engines:
travel inland
Need Raw Materials to Industrialize: diamonds,
gold, ivory
Racism: Social Darwinism
Cultural and Language Diversity: over 1000 languages
Ethnic and Tribal Problems and
Rivalries
1884-1885
• Laid rules for dividing Africa b/t Europeans (NO African leaders)
• Divided with NO REGARD to native culture, language, or ethnicity
• Carved Africa into pieces (only 2 left independent)
Dutch Settlers Cape Colony
Slave Trade Invade Lands
Largest tribe in S. Africa
Boer War:
• Dutch and British fight over diamonds and gold
• British win and control South Africa
Muslim states failed to keep European imperialists out of their lands.
Review of Ottoman Empire:•Capture Constantinople from the
Byzantines in 1451
•Convert the church Hagia Sophia into a mosque
•Suleiman the Lawgiver- expanded the empire and created a highly structured government
•Culture flourishes under Suleiman’s leadership
• Later: poor economy, weak leaders, weak nationalism
Ottoman Empire tries to reform but
fails.
Egyptian leaders cannot complete modernization.
Suez Canal
Persia falls to economic
imperialism.GEOPOLITICS
Geography Application
Motives Actions
Russia Wanted access to Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean
Took territories from Persia by force
Britain Wanted Afghanistan as a barrier between Russia and India
Took Afghanistan by force
Persia Wanted to raise capital to develop resources
Sold concessions to Europe
Which two bodies of water are joined by the Suez Canal?
Why was the building of this canal important?
Where is the canal?
Chapter 28: Transformations Around the Globe
China
Japan
&
1842Treaty of Nanjing
1850-1864
Taiping Rebellion
1899Open Door
PolicyBoxer
Rebellion
1830 1839Opium War
1900
Internal Problems External Problems
•Overpopulation
•Widespread Hunger
•Opium Addiction
•Foreign Influence
•Became Sphere of Influence to many European Powers & US
Event Date Foreign Powers
Causes of Event Effects of Event
Changes Made in China
The Opium Wars
The Taiping Rebellion
The US Open Door Policy
The Boxer Rebellion
1839 Britain
•Chinese addiction to •opium•B refuse to stop trading opium with Chinese
•C defeated•Treaty of Nanjing-Hong Kong
•Extraterritorial rights
1853BritishFrench
China’s poverty•20 mil. Chinese died•Short lived Taiping Govt.
•Inc. foreign pressure
1899 US•US fears of external forces colonizing China
•Protected US trading rights•Prevented C from •being colonized
•Inc. foreign presence
1900 US &European Nations
•Frustration w/foreigners•poverty
•Nationalism•Established Constitutional government
Reformmovements
China resists foreign influence
China falls to foreign influence
China rebels against foreign influence
1900
Japan
Japan Under Shogun RuleJapan Under Shogun Rule
After AD 1000 Japan became increasingly After AD 1000 Japan became increasingly feudalized, with various regions controlled feudalized, with various regions controlled by lords who retained by lords who retained samuraisamurai (warrior (warrior noblemen) to protect them and their noblemen) to protect them and their property. In the late 12th century, the property. In the late 12th century, the Minamoto family, led by Yoritomo, was one Minamoto family, led by Yoritomo, was one of the most powerful bands of samurai. After of the most powerful bands of samurai. After Yoritomo defeated a strong rival clan, the Yoritomo defeated a strong rival clan, the emperor of Japan gave Yoritomo the title of emperor of Japan gave Yoritomo the title of shogunshogun (military commander in chief). The (military commander in chief). The military form of government in Japan, known military form of government in Japan, known as the shogunate, survived through several as the shogunate, survived through several dynasties until its demise in 1867. dynasties until its demise in 1867.
Japanese Samurai in Armor
A distinct social class, the samurai served powerful chiefs called shoguns, who ruled Japan from the 12th century until 1867. The samurai lived by a rigid code of conduct called Bushido, or “the way of the warrior,” which encompassed ideals of loyalty and sacrifice.
Japanese Feudal Society Emperor-
No Power
Daimyo- Landowners
Samurai- defenders
Peasants, Artisans, Merchants
Shogun- Actual Ruler
•Portuguese arrive in Japan (1543)
•Spanish, Dutch, and English traders arrive
•Japan acquires knowledge of European weapons and ideas
•Christian missionaries arrive
•Japan fears presence of missionaries will bring conquest by Western powers
•Japan suspects Japanese Christians will be loyal to Church instead of nation.
•Japan expels missionaries, persecutes Japanese Christians
•Japan bars Western merchants and bans foreign travel
•Foreign trade severely limited
•Japan’s only contact with the West comes through annual visit of a few Dutch merchant ships
•Internal trade booms
•Cities Grow
•Japan is forced to reopen relations with the West (1853)
Japan Shuts
the Door
(Early 1600s)
odernization
W esternization
mperialism
apan
ndustrialization
Meiji EraMeiji Era
Studied Western
ways
Modernized military
Increased coal production
Strong centralized government
Universal public
education
Industrialized
RR (1872)
Modernization Imperialism
Claimed feudal lands for government
Studied Western ways
Industrialized
Abolished extraterritorial rightsForced Korean ports to openFought Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars
Annexed Korea
China JapanBoth•Remains committed to traditional values
•Loses numerous territorial conflicts
•Grants other nations spheres of influence within China
•Finally accepts necessity for reform
•Have well-established traditional values
•Initially resist change
•Oppose Western imperialism
•Considers modernization to be necessary
•Borrows and adapts Western ways
•Strengthens its economic and military power
•Becomes an empire builder
Meiji Changes1. Military
Forces:
From To
2. Military Technology:
From To
3. Ruler (s): From To
4. Political System:
From To
samurai•Imperial Japanese Army
•Well-trained
•Well-armed
•Strongest military power in Asia
Primitive Modernized (modeled German Army & British navy)
Tokugawa Shogun Mutsuhito (Emperor)
Military dictatorship Emperor (Centralized Government)
5. People’s Participation in Gov’t.:
From To
6. Economy: From To
7. Industry: From To
Meiji Changes
None Constitution (Representation)
Isolated Modern World Market (Industrial)
Tea processing & Silk production
Industrial (RR’s, factories, ship building, etc.)
8. Education: From To
9. Gender Roles:
From To
10. Land Ownership:
From To
11. Cultural Pursuits:
From To
Meiji Changes
No standardsUniversal Public Education
Tough restrictions (Women escorted when travel)
Women: Some rts. But segregates facilities
Feudal Nobility controlled (wealth)
Isolationism Discover Western ways
• Learned from the West, Sent people to study in the West
•Invited Western experts to aid in development
•Had strong central governments
•Had well-organized bureaucracies
•Adopted Western business and banking methods
• Built railroads
•Improved ports
•Developed industry- factories became organized into monopolies
•Introduced social reform
• Resisted Western influence
•Western experts came in to represent Western companies
•Had weak governments
•Faced power struggles within governments
•Western investors controlled economies
•Westerners built and owned railroads
•Westerners developed and controlled ports
•Economies depended on one crop or resource
•Retained old social systems
Latin America
Latin America After Independence:
•Majority of Latin American nations remained poor
•Latin Americans often worked for large landowners (workers went into debt)•Debt was passed on from generation to generation (generational poverty)
•Unequal distribution of wealth and land in Latin America prevented social and economic development
•Rise of military dictators (Caudillos)
•Latin Americans lacked a voice in government
Latin America & Foreign Influence•Britain & US main trading partners
•Not self-sufficient
•Borrowed money from foreign countries (unable to pay back loans)
•Foreign lenders threatened to take facilities that they funded by force (increased foreign presence)•New age of economic colonialism emerged in Latin America
The US & Latin AmericaWhy did the US have an interest in Latin America other than for money?
The security of the US depended on the security of Latin America.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Document created by President James Monroe in 1823 that stated that, “the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”
How was the Panama Canal built & what was America’s role in its creation?
The US encouraged and supported Panama to fight for independence from Columbia. As a result the US was given the rights to connect the Pacific & Atlantic Oceans by way of the Panama Canal. It opened in 1914.
The Roosevelt Corollary
•Created in 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt issued the Roosevelt Corollary to protect the economic interests of the US in Latin America.
•It stated that the Corollary gave the US the right to be an, “international police power in the Western Hemisphere.”
“Walk quietly & carry a big stick…”
President Theodore Roosevelt
Mexican Revolution
Flag_of_Mexico.svg (SVG file, nominally 1400 × 800 pixels, file size: 524 KB)
Leader Major Accomplishment
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Benito Juarez
Porfirio Diaz
Francisco Madero
Emiliano Zapata
Pancho Villa
Venustiano Carranza
1833 Mexican President
Started Liberal reform movement
RR’s, banks, currency stabilized, & foreign investments
Ousted Diaz/Called for democracy
“Land & Liberty”
Robin hood policy
Adopted present day constitution & ended civil war
China Japan Latin America
Form of Imperialism Encountered
Sphere of influence
Concessions to Imperialist Powers
Internal Problems
Modernizing Effort
Impact of Imperialism
Sphere of influence
Economic Imperialism
•Overpopulation
•Widespread hunger
•Opium Addiction
•feudal lands for govt.
•Studied western ways
•Industrialized
•Meiji Restoration
•Industrialized
•Adopted Western ways
•Hong Kong
Sent citizens abroad to study Western govts.
Creation of constitutional government
•Need for resources
•Lack of technology
•End of isolationism
•Panama Canal
•Lack of industrialization•People in debt•Poverty
Panama Canal
US dominant force in Latin America