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1 Top 10 Notorious Landscape Pests (and How to Deal With Them) Daniel A. Potter, Professor University of Kentucky You Insects # 9 & 10 Webmaking Caterpillars Eastern tent caterpillar Fall webworm Mimosa webworm NonChemical Control Scrape off egg masses Bag nests in small trees Pole pruner Tent Caterpillar outbreak of 20002002 Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome Tent caterpillars can cause horse abortions Remove cherry trees near pastures or paddocks Tree injection Bidrin ® • Abacide 2 ® • Treeage ® Treated Not Treated

Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Page 1: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Top 10 Notorious Landscape Pests (and How to Deal With Them)

Daniel A. Potter, ProfessorUniversity of Kentucky

You

Insects

# 9 & 10 Web‐making Caterpillars

Eastern tent caterpillar

Fall webworm

Mimosa webworm 

Non‐Chemical Control

Scrape off egg masses

Bag nests in small trees

Pole pruner

Tent Caterpillar  outbreak of 2000‐2002

Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome

Tent caterpillars can cause horse abortions 

Remove cherry trees near pastures or paddocks  

Tree injection

• Bidrin®

• Abacide 2®

• Tree‐age ®

Treated

Not Treated

Page 2: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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#8 BagwormsMajor Pest of Landscape Evergreens

Bagworms Behaving Badly

Female bagworm is wingless, legless; never leaves her bag

Adult male is a furry moth that emerges in late summer

Male Female lays eggs in her bag, where they overwinter

Male moths mate with female in late summer

Female

Eggs hatch, young bagworms begin feeding in May

Bagworm Control Tips

• Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy

• Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late May or June)

Pyrethroid sprays will control all defoliating pests

bifenthrin

lambda‐cyhalothrincyfluthrin

Reduced‐Risk Products for Defoliators

Bacillus thuringiensis: caterpillars only

Controls caterpillars, beetles, and sawfly larvae

Controls caterpillars and sawfly larvae

Must match the product to the target!

Page 3: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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#7 Sawfly Larvae

Sawfly: 6 or more pairs of fleshy abdominal “prolegs” (enough to spell SAWFLY)

No little hooks on prolegs

Caterpillar: 5 or fewer pairs with little hooks

Sawflies versus caterpillars

S A W F L Y

Red‐headed Pine Sawfly

European Pine Sawfly

Sawflies behaving badly

Sawfly pupal cases(present in winter) Sawfly adult

“Roseslug” – a Sawfly!

Controlling Sawflies

Effective sprays include:‐ Acelepryn®‐ Provaunt®‐ Pyrethroids

Or, prune out small infestations!

#6 Lacebugs, Leafminers, Psyllids

Boxwood psyllid

Boxwood leafminer

Azalea lace bug

Boxwood pests

Boxwood psyllid: cupped leaves

Boxwood leafminer

Page 4: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Boxwood Pests Lay Eggs in Expanding Young Leaves in Spring

Boxwood Psyllid Boxwood Leafminer

Adult 

Adult 

Nymphs on new growth 

Lace bugs

Nymphs on Cotoneaster Azalea Lace Bugs

Lace bugs damage many plants:

Sycamore OakHawthorn

Pyracantha, cotoneaster, andromeda Azalea

Systemics are the way to go for lace bug, leaf miner, and psyllid control!

#5 Mite Pests  

Tiny: about the size of a period (.) of 12‐pt  text 

Eight legs

Leaf undersides

Stippling

Fine webbing

“Warm‐Season” Mites

“Cool‐Season” Mites

Twospotted spider mite Boxwood spider mite

Spruce spider mite Southern red mite Maple spider mite

European red mite

Spider Mite Symptoms 

Stippled leaves

Bronzed or browned foliage

Mite damage to burning bush

Going…..

Going…….

Gone!

Beating foliage over paper to dislodge and detect mites

Page 5: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Mite Control Tips:

Use a Miticide! 

(Most insecticides won’t work for mites)

Good ones include: 

Akari , Avid, Floramite, Forbid, Hexygon, Kontos, Promite, Pylon, Shuttle, Sanmite, TetraSan, Ultiflora

Neonicotoids can flare mite problems on woody landscape plants

‐ Stimulates mite egg‐laying‐ Kills natural predators

Haircut for Potter’s bug lectures

#4 Japanese Beetle

Adults active from mid‐June to mid‐August

Feed on >300 plant species!

Japanese Beetle Damage to Linden Tree, Lexington, KY, 2007

July 8July 18

Susceptible:

• Linden• Purple leaf plum• Purple sandcherry• Japanese maple• Certain crabapples• Roses

Resistant:

• Red maple• Dogwood• Redbud• Beech• Tuliptree• Sweet gum

Avoid Over‐planting Japanese Beetle‐Susceptible Species!

Page 6: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Traps contain two lures: a floral scent, and the female sex pheromone

Trap placement was evaluated in 24 home landscapes

Test Plant

Trap

Traps often increase troubles with Japanese beetles!! 

Japanese beetle adult control

• Acelepryn (4 weeks residual) • Pyrethroids

‐ Onyx (4 weeks)‐ Talstar (2‐3 wks)‐ Scimitar‐ Tempo

• Sevin (1‐2 weeks residual)• Systemics

# 3: Scale Insects

Armored Scales

Soft Scales

Armored Scales have a detachable, shell‐like cover made from shed skins and waxy secretions

Obscure scale on oak –an armored scale  Covers flipped to 

expose insects 

Armored scales encrust branches or leaves; cause dieback and death of plant

Page 7: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Some common armored scales

Obscure scale

Pine needle scale

Oystershell scale

Euonymus scale

Pine Needle Scale

Euonymus Scale

Dieback from Euonymus Scale

Soft Scales

Cottony maple scale

Magnolia scale Calico scale

Soft Scales

Soft scale damage:

• Sticky honeydew• Sooty mold • Crown thinning, dieback

Crawler Hatch

Scale Insect Control: Spring/Summer

• Monitor for crawler hatch

• Pyrethroids (Talstar, Scimitar, Tempo) effective if properly timed

Timing Scale Crawler Hatch by Plant Bloom:

Oystershell scale coincides with full bloom of Sargent crabapple 

Euonymus scale coincides with 50% bloom of Kousadogwood

Page 8: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Trunk injection Soil Treatment

Systemic Control for Scale Insects (variably effective):

Scale Control by Ant Exclusion Ants “tend” soft scales to get honeydew

They defend their “livestock” from predators

When ants were excluded….Predators reduced soft scales by 60‐80%!

Sticky band excludes ants

Predators gobble up the undefended scales

#2 Borers in trees and shrubs Some Borer‐Prone Woody Plants

Dogwood Recently transplanted or stressed hardwood trees

Ash 

White birch

Flowering peach, cherry and plum

Lilac

Moth (“Clearwing”) borers

Lilac Borer

Dogwood borer

Peachtree and Lesser Peachtree borers

Banded ash borer

Clearwing borer larvae are whitish caterpillars with a brown head

Crown thinning  

Cleawing Borer symptoms

Sawdust‐like frass expelled from cracks in bark

Pupal case of clearwing borer moth that has emerged 

Page 9: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Clearwing Borer Treatment Apply preventive bark spray (pyrethroid or Acelepryn) 1‐2 weeks after adults emerge 

Residues intercept newly‐hatched larvae as they chew through bark

Treat main trunk to runoff

Timing Borer Control By Bloom of Indicator Plants:

• Lilac borer:  Common lilac; full bloom

• Dogwood borer:  Oakleaf hydrangea; first bloom

Flat‐headed Borers Adults are metallic‐colored beetles

Larvae flattened

Tunnels under bark girdle branches and trunk

Flat‐headed borers leave D‐shaped holes when adult emerges

Bronze Birch Borer: 

Most destructive Insect Pest of White Birch

Flatheaded Appletree Borer:

Most destructive pest of maple trees in production nurseries

Flatheaded appletree borer also attacks many species of stressed landscape trees Crabapples, maples, hawthorn, dogwood, many others are susceptible 

Newly transplanted trees Stressed trees

Flatheaded Appletree Borer:

Bark spray with Onyx in May prevents infestation of nursery liners  

Systemic insecticides are effective against flat‐headed borers 

Page 10: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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Managing wood borers:

• Minimize tree stress

• Avoid trunk wounds

• Plant well‐adaptedcultivars

# 1 Emerald Ash Borer Emerald Ash BorerToledo, Ohio, USA

Before (2006) After (2009)

Emerald Ash BorerAttacks & kills all sizes and species of ash

Bowling Green State University golf course

Ontario, Canada

Emerald Ash Borer Distribution: 2015

Suckering

D‐shaped holes

Diagnosing Emerald Ash Borer

Tunnels under bark

Thinning, dieback starting at top of tree

Not Treated

Systemic Treatments CAN Protect Trees from Emerald Ash Borer!

Treated

Tree can still be saved Too far gone to save

Rule of thumb: Under 30% canopy dieback, tree can be saved  Systemic insecticides for 

Emerald Ash Borer 

2‐3 year’s protection 1 year protection

Page 11: Top 10 9 10 Web making Caterpillars You · • Handpick bags with egg masses in winter or early spring and destroy • Target small larvae with reduced‐risk insecticide in late

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MOST EFFECTIVE:Injection or Infusion with Tree‐Age™(Emamectin benzoate)

Several different delivery systems are available

Other systemic insecticide delivery techniques for emerald ash borer control

Soil drench

Soil injection

Lower trunk spray

www.emeraldashborer.info

You

Insects

You can access EntFacts through the University of Kentucky 

Entomology web site

Turf & Landscape Entomology