Tong Quan Cong Nghe Nano - 2004

8/3/2019 Tong Quan Cong Nghe Nano - 2004

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Nhng bc pht trin mitrong cng ngh nano ca mt s nc

I. Pht trin cng ngh nano mt s ncchu - Thi Bnh Dng

1.1. Thng tin v c s h tng v chnh sch

Nht Bn, mt trong nhng nc i u v mt cng ngh u t cho cng nghnano t gia nhng nm 80, thng qua cc chng trnh quc gia khc nhau. ut ca Chnh ph Nht Bn cho cng ngh nano trn u ngi cao nht trong khuvc chu - Thi Bnh Dng v trn th gii. Nm 2002, u t cho cng nghnano tng 20-30% so vi nm 2001. Theo s liu thng k ca Chnh ph NhtBn, ngn sch nm 2003 dnh cho R&D ca cc chng trnh nano vo khong900 triu USD, chim khong 11,5% tng kinh ph cho KH&CN ca Nht Bn

dnh cho bn lnh vc u tin (khoa hc v cuc sng, cng ngh thng tin, mitrng v cng ngh nano). Ba lnh vc u tin khc cng c cc ti v cngngh nano. Nu nh kinh ph cho tt c cc ti ny c tnh vo trong tng dton th tng ngn sch ca Nht Bn dnh cho cng ngh nano s vo khong 1,49t USD (cng vi ngn sch b sung). Cui nm 2003, Chnh ph Nht Bn dkin tng ngn sch cho R&D cng ngh nano nm 2004 ln 20% so vi nm 2003.Theo thng k ca Hi ng Chnh sch v Khoa hc v Cng ngh Nht Bn(CSTP), tng ngn sch dnh cho cng ngh nano v vt liu nm 2003 l khong2,66 t USD bao gm c ngn sch ca trng i hc.

Trung Quc, Hn Quc v i Loan u t mnh m vo cng ngh nano tnm 2001. Trung Quc c k hoch u t khong 2-2,5 t Nhn dn t (NDT)(250-300 triu USD) cho giai on k hoch 5 nm (2001-2005).

Trung Quc ang chun b thc hin nhng sng kin to bo v h rt mong munui kp mc u t ca cc nc tin tin nh Hn Quc. Hin nay, Trung Qucang xy dng Trung tm Quc gia v R&D cng ngh nano gn Trng i hcBc Kinh, Thanh Hoa, v Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Trung Quc. Trung tm nyc khnh thnh trong nm 2004. Mt c s cng nghip v cng ngh nano cng c xy dng Thin Tn (cch Bc Kinh khong 100km v pha ng) v

a vo vn hnh vo cui nm 2003.

Hn Quc cam kt dnh u t khong 2,391 nghn t Won (2 t USD) cho giaion 10 nm (2001-2010). B KH&CN nc ny cho bit, nm 2002 B KH&CN

pht trin mnh nghin cu, cc c s v nhn lc trong lnh vc cng ngh nano.Theo , nm 2002 u t 203,1 t Won, tng 93,1% so vi nm trc (105,2 tWon nm 2001) v tng khong 400% so vi nm 2000. Tng th, B KH&CN dnh160,1 t Won cho R&D, 34,6 t Won cho xy dng cc c s v 8,4 t Won cho cc

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chng trnh o to k s. Nm 2002, B KH&CN tng cng tm kim ti tr h tr cho cng nghip ho cng ngh nano. Mc tiu l u t khong 3 t Won choxy dng mt phng th nghim nano quc gia v trung tm lin hp lin kt cngngh thng tin v cng ngh nano theo k hoch nh. B KH&CN cng ra vic

pht trin m rng cc chng trnh trao i vi nc ngoi v h tr cc chng trnho to ti cc mng nc ngoi cng c ngun nhn lc trong lnh vc pht trinni tri ny. D n Cng ngh Nano Quc gia bao gm 8 c quan ca Chnh ph,trong c B Gio dc v Pht trin ngun Nhn lc v B Thng mi, Cngnghip v Nng lng.

B KH&CN ca nc ny nhnmnh rng s tp trung vo cc lnh vc la chn ctim nng thng mi ln nht. Cc lnh vc c trin vng l vt liu, cc linh kinin t, b nh my tnh v cc cu phn c bn khc trn c s nano. K hoch dihn chia nh thnh 3 giai on cho n nm 2010, Chnh ph s u t 1,37 nghn tWon, u t ca khu vc t nhn v Nh nc cho d n theo c ch u thu toiu kin cho vic xy dng c s h tng cho cng ngh nano trong vng 5 nm ti.

Bng 1: K hoch u t cho cng ngh nano Hn Quc trong 10 nm (2001-2010) triu USD

Giai on1(2001-2004)

Giai on 2(2005-2007

Giai on 3(2007-2010)

Tng

Chnhph

Tnhn

Chnhph

Tnhn

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Chnhph

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R&D 203 44 232 137 232 206 667 387 1.054Gio dc/o

to

31 18 19 73 73

C s h tng 64 28 28 11 23 10 116 49 164Tng 298 72 284 148 274 216 855 436 1.291Ngun: www.nanoworld.jp

Chnh ph Hn Quc lp k hoch n nm 2010 c t t nht l 10 loi sn phm nitri v o to c 13.000 chuyn gia v cng ngh nano cnh tranh vi cc nctin tin khc. Theo k hoch ny, B KH&CN s to ra mt thnh ph nano, trong c cc trung tm nghin cu v cc doanh nghip mo him mi khi s, ng thithit lp mt mng nghin cu vi cc nc c cng ngh cao.

Mt trong nhng mc tiu ca Sng kin Quc gia v cng ngh nano l lm choHn Quc tr thnh quc gia s 1 trn th gii trong mt s lnh vc cnh tranhnht nh v pht trin cc th trng thch hp cho s tng trng cng nghip.Hn Quc xc nh r vic tp trung vo s lng cc cng ngh then cht. Khoch nm 2002 ca Hn Quc v thc hin trin khai cng ngh nano c btu vi hai chng trnh nghin cu thuc cc lnh vc mi l Trin khai cc cngngh vt liu c cu trc nano v Trin khai cc cng ngh sn xut v c in tmc nano. Mi chng trnh c u t 100 triu USD cho 10 nm tip theo.

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Bn cnh cc chng trnh nghin cu v cng ngh nano, Chnh ph Hn Quccn tin hnh thc hin cc chng trnh nghin cu ct li, c s, v c bnvi tng kinh ph nghin cu hng nm khong 200 triu USD cho giai on 6-9nm ti.

Nm 2002, mt trung tm sn xut nano c xy dng vi mc ch chnh lsn xut cc thit b c kch thc nano. Trung tm ny c t ti Vin Khoa hcv Cng ngh Tin tin Hn Quc (KAIST) Thnh ph Khoa hc Daejoen(Daejoen Science City), ni m c mt hu ht cc phng th nghim nghin cuca Chnh ph. Chnh ph Hn Quc phn b 165 triu USD cho Trung tm nycho giai on 9 nm (2002-2010). Chnh ph xy dng K hoch hnh ng trin khai cng ngh nano nm 2003. K hoch hnh ng ny bao gm Ngh nhca Tng thng v iu lut buc thi hnh i vi vic thc hin Hnh ng thcy pht trin cng ngh nano. Mc ch ca Hnh ng ny l nhm chun bmt c s nghin cu vng chc cho cng ngh nano v khuyn khch cng nghipha ngnh cng ngh nano non tr. Chnh ph Hn Quc cn dnh 380 triu USD(chim 19% tng kinh ph dnh cho cng ngh nano) cho Chng trnh Quc giav Cng nghip ha nano. Ngn sch ny bao gm qu R&D trong cng nghip vqu vn kinh doanh.

i Loan c Sng kin v cng ngh nano, c phn b trong 6 nm v bt uthc hin t nm 2003. Sng kin ny c th s a i Loan tr thnh mt trongnhng khu vc dnh u tin cao cho cng ngh nano. Nhng i Loan hiu rt r rngch tng kinh ph th cha m cn cn phi ra nhng chnh sch thch hp nng cao cc u th cnh tranh, m ra cc hng nghin cu mi v lm cho ng ocng chng nhn thc c tt hn v tim nng ca cng ngh nano.

Sng kin Quc gia ca i Loan v KH&CN nano l mt k hoch 6 nm vi tngkinh ph 620 triu USD t 2003-2008. C cu chin lc v chng trnh ca nc da trn Sng kin Quc gia v cng ngh nano ca M. Sng kin ny nhmt c hai mc ch l xut sc v mt l thuyt v to ra c nhng ng dngcng nghip mang tnh sng to thng qua vic thnh lp cc c s tin ch ch yuv cc chng trnh o to chung. Chng trnh xut sc v mt l thuyt bao gmcc ch : Nghin cu c bn v cc c tnh vt l, ha hc, sinh hc ca cc ktcu nano; Tng hp, lp rp, v gia cng cc vt liu nano; Nghin cu v trin

khai cc my d v cc k thut thao tc; Thit k v ch to cc b phn ghp ni,giao din v cc h thng thit b nano chc nng; Trin khai cng nghMEMS/NEMS; v cng ngh sinh hc nano. i Loan rt coi trng gio dc vcng ngh nano. Chng trnh gio dc ca i Loan nhm: Xy dng chngtrnh Khoa hc v Cng ngh nano lin ngnh ti cc trng i hc v cao ng;

Nng cao gio dc kin thc khoa hc c bn trong trng cao ng trn phngtin thng tin i chng v trong cc trng i hc. Tng cng hp tc quc t vtrao i chuyn gia. Tuyn chn cc nhn ti t nc ngoi, bao gm c chuyn gia

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t Trung Quc v thc y hp tc cng nghip - vin nghin cu trong nghin cuv trao i chuyn gia.Cc nc khc trong khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng nh xtrylia, n ,

New Zealand, Singapo, Malaixia, Thi Lan, bt u thc hin cc chngtrnh/sng kin v cng ngh nano. Hnh 1- So snh s u t vo cng ngh nanogiai on 2003-2007 ca cc nc chu - Thi Bnh Dng gm Trung Quc,Hn Quc, Hng Kng, n , Malaixia, New Zealand, Singapo, i Loan v ThiLan. Hnh 2 l s so snh ton cu v u t cho cng ngh nano giai on 2001-2003 ca chu u, chu v M. n v c tnh l USD. Vi gi hi oi: 100yn bng 1 USD v 1 Euro bng 1 USD. Chng ta c th d dng nhn thy s tngt ngt trong u t cho cng ngh nano ca khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dngtrong nm 2003.

0

200

400

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800

1000

1200

Malaixi

Singa

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TriuUSD

Hnh 1: So snh du t ca cc nc chu - Thi Bnh Dng (khng tnh NhtBn) cho cng ngh nano giai on 2003-2007 (Ngun: Asia Pacific NanotechWeekly, www.nanoworld.jp/apnw).

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140

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USD

Hnh 2: So snh u t ca cc nc chu u, chu v M cho cng ngh nano giaion 2001-2003. Lu rng u t ca M khng bao gm Microelectronics hocMEMS (Ngun: Asia Pacific Nanotech Weekly,www.nanoworld.jp/apnw).

Bng 2 di y trnh by tm tt thc trng h tr v chnh sch ca Chnh phi vi c s h tng ca KH&CN nano trong truyn thng, xy dng mng li,cc c s tin ch ct yu quc gia, thng mi ha, gio dc v hp tc quc ttrong khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng. Chng ta nhn thy rng hu ht ccnc chu hin ang yu km trong vic truyn thng, c bit bng ting Anh.Cc nc ny ang thi k hnh thnh mng li cn thit h tr hp tc

nghin cu. Tuy vy, s phi hp cht ch phi c thit lp. Cc Trung tm qucgia v cc c s tin ch ct li cng ang trong giai on c xy dng. CcTrung tm tin ch quc gia ti Nht Bn ang hot ng rt tt. Cc chng trnhgio dc hin c sn tt c cc quc gia c chng ti iu tra, tuy nhin nhngvn thc tin nh cc lnh vc chin lc v u t cn phi c chi tit. V

phn h tr thng mi ha nh chuyn giao cng ngh, s hu tr tu, lin minhcng nghip v cc vn khc c lin quan cn phi c xc nh mt cch rrng, c bit l i vi cng ngh nano.

Bng 2: nh gi v h tr ca Chnh ph cho c s h tng KH&CN nano cc

nc thuc khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng.Qucgia/Lnhth

Truyn thng bngting Anh

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H trhptcquct

xtrylia

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1.2. Cc n lc thng mi ha khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng

Chnh ph Nht Bn cam kt chc chn rng cng ngh nano s to nn ccngnh cng nghip mi v phc hi li nn kinh t Nht Bn. Cui nm 2002, tiHi ng Kinh t v Chnh sch Ti chnh (CEFP), Chnh ph thng qua Chinlc Pht trin Ngnh Cng nghip mi (NIDS) v cng ngh nano v vt liu. BThng mi Kinh t v Cng nghip (METI) l B ch cht trong vic h tr ccngnh cng nghip ca Nht Bn, nm 2003 phc hi nn kinh t tin hnhthc hin cc chng trnh R&D sau y:

Cng ngh nano v vt liu: 20 d n; 11,6 t yn (116 triu USD); Cng ngh thng tin (IT) + vt liu: 23 d n; 22,4 t yn (224 triu USD); Khoa hc i sng + cng ngh nano v vt liu: 6 d n; 3,3 t yn (33

triu USD).

Nht Bn c th mnh v sn xut cc gm tinh xo, chim hn 1/2 th phn cath gii v sn xut knh hin vi in t c phn gii cao, kim sot 60-70% thphn ca th gii. Cn v cng nghip cng ngh nano, nh c trnh by ti bng3 di y, Nht Bn hy vng s tr thnh quc gia dn u trong 5 lnh vc chyu vo nm 2010.

Bng 3: K hoch th trng ca Nht Bn nm 2010 v 5 ngnh cng nghip chyuCc ngnh cng nghip nano Nghn t Yn T USDCc vt liu ti ch 0,6-1,4 6-14

Mi trng nano v nng lng 0,9-1,7 9-17K thut sinh hc nano 0,6-0,8 6-8Mng li v thit b nano 17-20 170-200o lng v sn xut nano 0,8-2,2 8-22(Ngun: Keidanren Japan)

hu ht cc nc chu , R&D cng ngh MEMS c a vo trong ccchng trnh cng ngh nano. Ti Nht Bn, METI bt u thc hin Chng trnhcng ngh sn xut mi - D n MEMS. D n ny c M ti tr 20 triu USDcho giai on 2003-2005 nhm tp trung ch to cc thit b RF-MEMS, MEMS

quang hc v cc b cm bin MEMS cc nh. Chnh ph Nht Bn cn xy dngcc chnh sch vt qua ro cn v thng mi ha nh thiu cc k s vMEMS, thiu cc cng ty kinh doanh, tiu chun ha cn qu yu, cc mng licn qu ngho nn. Ti Nht Bn, c trn 10 xng c MEMS, bao gm cOlympus, Omron, Matsushita Electric v Sumitomo Metal.

i Loan ang cnh tranh vi Nht Bn trong cc n lc thng mi ha MEMS.i Loan thnh lp Lin minh Cng nghip MEMS i Loan vi khong 9xng c v 10 xng na ang bt u c xy dng. Mc tiu ca Lin minh

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ny l chun b mt din n trao i thng tin v k thut v th trng minht; Xy dng tiu chun ha cng nghip, hp nht cc cng ngh hin c vcung cp bn giao thng. Lin minh ny cn cung cp cc dch v hp php, ccdch v v t vnthng mi quc t. Thnh vin ca Lin minh ny bao gm AsiaPacific Microsystems, Inc.; Walsin Lihwa Corp.; Micro Base Technology Corp. v

Neostones Microfabrication Co., Ltd.

Cc nc nh n c cc ngnh cng nghip MEMS ni tri, Thi Lan, TrungQuc v Singapo hin ang c cc hot ng nghin cu v cc c s tin chMEMS kh cnh tranh nhau.

1.3. u t cho cng ngh nano ca khu vc t nhn

Trong khu vc kinh doanh Nht Bn, hai ta nh thng mi ln nht ca NhtBn l Mitsui & Co. v Mitsubishi Cor. thnh lp nhng b phn kinh doanhcng ngh nano mi. H ang hot ng rt tch cc trong R&D cng ngh nano vto iu kin thun li cho thng mi ha v u t vo cng ngh nano. RingMitsui & Co bt u qu trnh xy dng mt doanh nghip cng ngh nano toncu. Nhng cng ty hng u ca Nht Bn nh NEC, Hitachi, Fujitsu, NTT,Toshiba, Soni, Sumitomo Electric, Fuji, Xerox v mt s cng ty khc ang tip tctin hnh cc n lc R&D cng ngh nano v thc hin nhiu bin php mnh mhn thc y vic thng mi ha R&D ca h.

Ti Hn Quc, cc tp on nh Samsung, LG v cc cng ty khc ang u tmnh m vo R&D cng ngh nano v thng mi ha chng. Cc xng sn xutlinh kin bn dn ca i Loan nh TSMC v UMC hin ang theo ui ro rithng in t hc nano bn dn.

Cc hng c vn kinh doanh nh Innovation Engine (Nht Bn), Apax GlobisPartners & Co. (Nht Bn), v Juniper Capital Ventures Pte.Ltd (Singapo) ut vo trin khai cng ngh nano chu . Cc hng c lit k trong danh schnh Cranes Software International Ltd (n) v Good Fellow Group (HngKng) u t cho cc cng ty kinh doanh cng ngh nano chu . Ngn hngMacquarie ca xtrylia v Pacific Dunlop l nhng nh u t chnh cho AMBRI-cng ty cng ngh nano u tin c xp hng ca th trng chng khon

xtrylia.Nhng lnh vc nng c u t chu bao gm MEMS, quang in t, b nhca my tnh, cc vt liu carbon, cc cng c chn on, cc h thng phn phithuc, cc cng c m t v o c, cc cng ngh hin th v sn ph b mt.1.4. Cc nc trong khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng

Nm 2003, B Gio dc, Vn ha, Th thao, Khoa hc v Cng ngh (MEXT) caNht Bn khai trng Trung tm Mng li cc nh nghin cu cng ngh nano

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ca Nht Bn vi hai mc ch cung cp cc c s h tng a ngnh, di hn doquc gia iu phi h tr cho cc nh khoa hc trong lnh vc KH&CN nano.Trung tm ny c u t hng nm vi khong hn 30 triu USD cung cpcho cc nh nghin cu Nht Bn cc dch v thng tin, h tr v phi hp t chccc hi ngh, hi tho trong nc v quc t ti Nht Bn. Nghin cu, xy dngngn hng d liu v h tr chuyn giao cng ngh v k thut.

Cc nc thuc chu - Thi Bnh Dng ang rt tch cc trong vic xy dngcc trung tm cng ngh nano tm c quc gia, bt u t vic xy dng cc c sh tng c iu phi mt cch cht ch sao cho thch hp vi v th ca KH&CNnano. Cc nh lp chnh sch v cc nh khoa hc ang ngy cng nhn thc hnv bn cht an xen ca KH&CN nano v tin tng vo con ng dn ti s phttrin chng.

Khng ging nh EU, cc nc trong khu vc ny khng sng lp ra Hi ngchu iu phi R&D cng ngh nano chu v hnh thnh cc mng li.Tuy nhin, nhn thc v s cn thit phi hp tc ngy cng tng. Hi ngh Cp caov cng ngh nano chu (ANFoS2004) c t chc t ngy 10-11/5/2004 tiPh Kt, Thi Lan, bi Vin Quc gia v Khoa hc v Cng ngh Cng nghipTin tin (AIST) - vin nghin cu quc gia ln nht ca Nht Bn - phi hp cngvi Trung tm Quc gia v Cng ngh Nano (NANOTEC) ca Thi Lan mi cthnh lp. y l s c gng phi hp u tin nhm thit lp mt mng li khuvc v KH&CN nano v l c s cho vic tng cng s hp tc khu vc.

Bng 4: Mng li tham gia ca cc nc chu - Thi Bnh Dng ti Hi nghcp cao v cng ngh nano chu (ANFoS2004)Qucgia/Lnh th

ANF Tchc phihp/Mngli

iu phi vinANFoS2004

Website ca Mng li

xtrylia ANN Ngi triu tp: C Jagadish(ANU)

Trung Quc HCNN Gim c: C.L.BaiHng Kng HKUST Ch tch: Ching-Wu Chun DST C vn: R.C.Srivastava

Hn Quc KNRS Ch tch: Hanjo LimNht Bn AIST Gim c: H.Yokoyama www.aist.go.jpMalaixia ISIFSS Gim c: Halimaton

Hamdanwww.kimia.fs.utm.my

Singapo NUS Gim c: Seeram RamaKrishna

www.nusnni.nus.edu.sg

i Loan SINICA Gim c: M.K. Wu Nano-taiwan.sinica.edu.tw

Thi Lan NANOTE Gim c: Wiwut www.nanotec.or.th/index.

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C Tanthapanichakoon p hp

ANN- Mng li cng ngh nano xtrylia,HCNN- Trung tm Quc gia v KH&CN nano,HKUST- Trng i hc KH&CN Hng Kng,DST- V KH&CN ,KNRS- Hip hi cc nh nghin cu Cng ngh Nano Hn QucAIST- Vin Quc gia v KH&CN Cng nghip Tin tin

NUS- Trng i hc Quc gia SingapoSINICA- Vin Hn lm SINICA

NANOTEC- Trung tm Quc gia v Cng ngh Nano

Ti Hn Quc, mt c quan hp php c thnh lp l Hi cc nh nghin cucng ngh nano quc gia do B KH&CN cho php. GS. Hanjo Lim ca trngi hc Ajou c bu lm Ch tch. TS. JOWon Lee, thuc Chng trnh Minhn v Cc thit b Nano mc Tera v ng Jungil Lee t Trung tm Nghin cucc thit b nano, KIST, c bu lm cc Ph Ch tch.

Malaixia, nhm yu thch cng ngh nano c hnh thnh v cc iu phivin ca cc trng i hc Malaixia c la chn. Kha o to Thc sKhoa hc v cng ngh nano s lun c sn ti trng i hc KebangsaanMalaixia cng vi s phi hp vi cc trng i hc khc Malaixia v VinCng ngh chu Thi Lan.

Cc nc chu - Thi Bnh Dng ang th hin nhng kht vng v n lc ln

trong vic thc y quc gia mnh vn ti tng lai ca nano. Chu - ThiBnh Dng ang tr thnh khu vc c kh nng thu ht cc i tc v cc c hikinh doanh trong khng gian Nano. Cc u th ca vic hp tc vi cc t chcchu l: Cc ngun nhn lc di do; Cc c s tin ch tuyt ho (Nht Bn,Hn Quc); Cng ngh tin tin (Nht Bn, Hn Quc, i Loan), tin b nhanhtrong cng ngh v s tng trng th trng nhanh.

1.4.1. xtrylia

Hi ng Nghin cu xtrylia (ARC, C quan ti tr chnh cho KH&CN

xtrylia, tp trung vo khoa hc c bn, www.arc.gov.au) nhn thm 736,4triu la xtrylia (A$) cho giai on 5 nm tng ngun u t c la chnca ARC ln hai ln. Theo Chng trnh Ti tr La chn Quc gia, bn lnh vcu tin cho ti tr ca ARC nm 2003 c cng b: Vt liu nano v vt liusinh hc; Nghin cu Genome-Phenome; KH&CN Lng t v cc h thng thngminh/phc tp. T nm 2003, 170 triu A$ c phn b trong vng 5 nm h tr cc d n v cc trung tm, 90 triu A$ c dnh cho Trung tm v CcChng trnh Xut sc (COE) ca ARC trong vng 5 nm, bt u t 2003, s kinh

ph ny c phn cho 8 trung tm xtrylia. Cng ngh nano lin quan n

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COE bao gm: Cng ngh my tnh lng t; Quang hc Nguyn t - Lng t(Quantum-Atom Optics); Pin Quang in Silic tin tin v photonic (AdvancedSillicon Photovoltaics and Photonics) v cc linh kin bng rng siu cao cho ccH thng Quang hc (Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems). Bn cnh, khong 45 triu A$ c ti tr t cam kt u t ca Chnh ph, vn u tkinh doanh v cc nh u t thng mi khc.

1.4.2. Trung Quc

Theo s liu iu tra ca B KH&CN Trung Quc (MOST), hin c khong trn 50trng i hc, 20 vin nghin cu thuc Vin Hn lm khoa hc Trung Quc(CAS) v 100 cng ty ang rt tch cc trong R&D KH&CN nano Trung Quc.Chin lc ngn hn ca Trung Quc l ha nhp cng ngh nano vi cc ngnhcng nghip truyn thng, pht trin cc sn phm c hiu qu v cht lng cnhtranh cao lm cho cuc sng thng nht ca ngi tiu dng c ci thin hn. to iu kin cho vic thng mi ha cng ngh nano, Trung Quc ang xydng mt Trung tm K thut v C s Cng nghip gn Bc Kinh v ThngHi. Trong nm nay, vic nghin cu ng dng trong cc t chc R&D chnh BcKinh s c chuyn v thnh ph Thin Tn khi C s Cng nghip Cng ngh

Nano ti y i vo hot ng. Chin lc di hn ca Trung Quc l cng c khoahc c bn v nng cao tnh cnh tranh ton cu ca Trung Quc. Chnh ph dnh 270 triu NDT (33 triu USD) xy dng Trung tm Nghin cu Quc giav Khoa hc v Cng ngh Nano. Trung tm ny s thng nht cc t chc R&Dng u nh Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Trung Quc, cc trng i hc: Bc Kinh,Thanh Hoa, Phc Kin, Giang ng, Nam Kinh v trng i hc Khoa hc vCng ngh ng Trung Quc. Mc tiu ca Trung tm ny l to iu kin chovic iu phi tt hn cc nghin cu trong lnh vc KH&CN nano.

Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Trung Quc (CAS) c mt mng li cc c quan nghincu ln nht Trung Quc v th gii. Trung tm K thut Cng ngh Nano Co. Ltd.thuc CAS (CASNEC) c thnh lp thng 11/2002 l c s thc y victhng mi ha KH&CN nano trong CAS. Nh u t chnh ca Trung tm ny l

Nhm Good Fellow (mt cng ty c xp hng Hng Kng). Nhm ny s hu55% c phn ca cng ty. Tng kinh ph u t khong 50 triu NDT (6 triuUSD). Trong , CAS c 20% c phn, cc nh khoa hc ca CAS c 15% c phn

v Cng vin Cng ngh cao YongFeng c 10% c phn.CASNEC c hnh thnh vi mc ch ci t li hng cng nghip ha cngngh v vt liu nano trong ni b CAS bng cch p dng hnh thc qun l ttrn xung (top-down). CASNEC c xem nh mt vai tr kiu mu cho vic thcy c s cng nghip quc gia v cng ngh v vt liu nano ti Cng vin Cngngh cao YongFeng Bc Kinh. CASNEC chim din tch khong 7000m 2 caCng vin Cng ngh cao YongFeng v nm v tr trung tm ca vng Zhong-

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Guan-Cun l khu vc c Trung tm Cng nghip v Trung tm R&D Khoa hc vCng ngh Trung Quc.Mc ch hot ng ca CASNEC l cung cp c s chuyn giao cng ngh choR&D ca CAS. Nhng ngun li nhun chnh ca CASNEC c thu t cp giy

php, sn xut mc trung bnh v cc dch v t vn. i vi sn xut mc cng nghip, CASNEC c hp tc cht ch vi cc nh sn xut ln ang cng vng vi cc ngnh cng nghip v th trng c lin quan. Mi y,CASNEC k mt tha thun cp giy php cng ngh vi Nhm ERDOS, nhsn xut len d ln nht Trung Quc, chim khong 30% th trng ni a. Doanhthu hng nm ca n khong 3 t NDT (362 triu USD). So snh vi nhng cngvic kinh doanh khc, CASNEC c nhiu u th hn trong vic tip cn trc tipvi cc thnh qu R&D ca CAS; tip cn vi mt vn qu cc nh khoa hc, k sxut sc v giu kinh nghim; lun nhn c s h tr n nh v ti chnh t phaChnh ph. CASNEC hin c 26 tin s, 112 thc s, 3 c nhn ton hc v 7 kthut vin.

1.4.3. Hng Kng

Hng Kng, ti tr cho cc hot ng R&D cng ngh nano ch yu t haingun: Hi ng Ti tr Nghin cu (RGC), v Qu Cng ngh v Cch tn (ITF).RGC ti tr ch yu cho cc nghin cu c bn ti cc trng i hc, ITF cungcp ti tr cho nhng nghin cu va v nh cc trng i hc v cc ngnhcng nghip vi mc ch pht trin cc tin b cng ngh, nng cao tnh cnhtranh ca cc ngnh cng nghip hin c. Cc nh qun l ca RGC v ITF thngxuyn lin lc vi nhau v cng iu phi cc chng trnh ti tr ca mnh trnh s chng cho. ITF bt u tin hnh cc chng trnh chin lc v cngngh nano nm 2001 sau khi Hi ng Lp php ph chun Pht trin cc Sngkin v Cng ngh Nano 31/10/2001. Tng u t giai on 1998-2002 khong20,6 triu USD cng vi 2,3% t cng nghip. u t cho hai trung tm chnh vcng ngh nano c ph chun, Trng i hc Khoa hc v Cng ngh HngKng (HKUST) nhn 7,3 triu USD, v Trng i hc Bch khoa Hng Kng nhn c 1,6 triu USD. Tng kinh ph u t cho hai trung tm ny giai on2003-2004 l 8,9 triu USD.

1.4.4. n

n, mt t nc c hn 1 t dn, hin ang hng n k nguyn ca cngngh nano. Chnh ph n bt u thc hin Sng kin Khoa hc v Cngngh Nano. Cc c quan ti tr khc nhau nh V Khoa hc v Cng ngh (DST)v Hi ng Hc bng cc Trng i hc (UGC) bt u thc hin cc chngtrnh nghin cu khoa hc nano trn phm vi rng. Nghin cu chnh ang ctin hnh ti cc vin nghin cu nh Vin Khoa hc n (Bangalore), VinCng ngh n (Madras, Chennai, Kharagpur, Bombay, Mumbai, v New Delhi),Vin Nghin cu K thut in t Trung tm (Pilani), cc Trng i hc ca

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Pune, Phng th nghim Vt l Cht rn (Delhi), v Vin Nghin cu C bn Tata(Mumbai). Mi y, mt s c quan cng bt u c s phi hp cc nghin cuv KH&CN nano. l cc n v: Vin Nghin cu Raman (Bangalore), PhngTh nghim Ha hc Quc gia (Pune), Vin Nghin cu Trung tm v Gm vThy tinh (Jadavpur), Trng i hc Tng hp ca Delhi, v Trng i hcTng hp ca Hyderabad.

Ba nm trc y, Chnh ph bt u thc hin mt Chng trnh 5 nm vikinh ph 15 triu USD v vt liu thng minh c iu phi bi nm c quanChnh ph v thu ht s tham gia ca 10 trung tm nghin cu ca n, tp trungchnh vo cng ngh MEMS. Vn v vt liu nano cng c cp n vang ch i s u t thm m rng Chng trnh. Vo nm trc, VKH&CN bt u thc hin mt Chng trnh Cng ngh nano Quc gia vi tngkinh ph c cam kt l 10 triu USD cho giai on 3 nm ti. Vin Khoa hcn (IISc) quyt nh cp 1,0 triu USD cho Trung tm Nghin cu Nano can. IISc c bit n nh l Trung tm Kin thc ca n .

Khoa hc v cng ngh nano n bao trm nhiu ch , trong c MEMS,tng hp cu trc nano v cc c tnh, con chp DNA, in t nano (transistor, tinhc lng t, quang in t), v cc vt liu nano (ng nano carbon, cc htnano, bt nano, nano composit).

Cng nh Trung Quc, mng li KH&CN v thng mi ca n c mt khp mi ni trn th gii. Khng nh Trung Quc, vic ngi n ni tingAnh thnh tho to cho h kh nng tip cn vi th gii phng Ty d dnghn, v vy n thu ht c nhiu vn u t v cc c hi hp tc ton cu. Vd, Din n v Nano n mi c hnh thnh bi cng ng M-n Silicon Valley nhm mc ch thit lp mng li gia cc phng th nghim cavin hn lm, cc cng ty, Chnh ph v t nhn ca n vi cc doanh nghip,cc cng ty mi thnh lp, cc nh u t, cc lut s s hu tr tu, cc lin doanh,cc nh cung cp dch v, cc d n mi c bt u thc hin, v cc khi linminh chin lc.

Mi y n c mt s tin b ng ch trong ngnh cng ngh nano. Cccng ty t nhn bt u u t cho phng th nghim R&D ca cc trng i

hc v cc t chc chnh ph. Trc y, cc cng ty t nhn khng ho phngu t cho cc nghin cu. Cc trng i hc v cc trung tm nghin cu qucgia lm vic mt cch bit lp. Thiu s hp lc v hp tc gia hai khu vc ngn cn s pht trin sng to trong cng ngh. Ch khi cn thit, cc cng ty tnhn mi lm vic vi cc phng th nghim ca cc trng i hc theo phngthc t vn, s hp tc tp trung ch yu vo gii quyt cc vn chon ton xc nh, hu ht di dng khc phc cc s c. Hnh thc hp tc nys khng bao gi sn sinh ra c mt mi quan h c tm nhn rng v di hn ivi nhng sn phm nhn c t nghin cu hoc trin khai cng ngh.

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Tuy vy, Phng th nghim MEMS CranesSci, Phng th nghim Nghin cuMEMS u tin ca n c cc cng ty t nhn ti tr, l lin doanh gia VinKhoa hc n v Cng ty TNHH Quc t Cranes Software (CSIL) Bangalore, c thnh lp vi mc ch to iu kin pht trin vic thng mi ha cngngh nano v cng ngh micro n. Bn cnh , n cn thc y s phi hpgia cc t chc nghin cu cng cng vi cc ngnh t nhn. CSIL l cng tyc xp hng ti th trng chng khon Bombay, vi vn th trng khong 20triu USD, n l cng ty hng u v cc sn phm phn mm, cc gii php kthut v khoa hc c cht lng cao. Phng th nghim ny c xy dng vi mttrit l v song. N c tm nhn rng v sn xut trn nn tng ca s kinh doanh,trch nhim x hi v gio dc. Phng th nghim ny khng ch chuyn i cngngh MEMS t phng th nghim ra th trng, m cn tp trung vo cc vnkhc nh quyn li ca s hu tr tu, nhng nhu cu chin lc ca t nc vnhn loi ni chung, cung cp cc nghin cu khc v qun l kin thc h tngtrong cng ngh MEMS.

1.4.5. Malaixia

Malaixia, cng ngh nano c xp sau Nghin cu chin lc (SR) ca Chngtrnh cc Lnh vc Nghin cu c u tin (IPRA) thuc K hoch 5 nm Ln th8 ca Malaixia (2001-2005). N c B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng(MOSTE) ti tr. Cc d n SR phi c thc hin trong vng 60 thng.

Phn kinh ph khong 1 t RM (263 triu USD) t ngn sch ca K hoch Ln th8 c dnh cho IPRA. u t cho SR chim khong 30% ca IPRA v baogm 8 lnh vc c phn b kinh ph nh nhau l: cng ngh phn mm v thitk, cng ngh ha tinh vi chuyn dng, cng ngh quang hc, cng ngh nano vk thut chnh xc. u t cho cng ngh nano v k thut chnh xc trong 5 nml khong 23 triu USD (i vi mt t nc c khong 20 triu dn). (Xin lu rng i Loan c s dn khong 21,5 triu v u t cho cng ngh nano trong 6nm l 620 triu USD).

Cc lnh vc nghin cu khoa hc nano bao gm: lng t nano, cc h thng sinhhc nano, in t hc nano, cc vt liu c cu trc nano v h thng o lng

nano. Chin lc ngn hn ca Malaixia l:* Xc nh cc nh nghin cu xut sc trong cc lnh vc khc nhau ca khoa hcnano,* Nng cp v trang b cho cc phng th nghim v khoa hc nano bng cc thit

b v phng tin hin i, Chun b mt chng trnh pht trin ngun nhn lc thng minh o to

cc nh khoa hc v nano.

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Chin lc di hn ca Malaixia l:* Trau di kin thc trong nghin cu khoa hc nano cho cc nh nghin cu,

Gy dng c mt i ng cc nh khoa hc c danh ting.

1.4.6. New Zealand

Gn y, cc hot ng chnh v KH&CN nano New Zealand c iu phithc hin ti Vin Cng ngh Nano v cc vt liu tin tin MacDiarmid, l t chcnghin cu hng u ca New Zealand v cc nghin cu cht lng cao v o tonghin cu trong khoa hc vt liu v cng ngh nano. N c xy dng trnnguyn tc hp tc a ngnh. N c qun l bi hai Trng i hc: Victoria Wellington v trng i hc Canterbury, cng vi cc t chc i tc nh Cngty TNHH v Nghin cu Cng nghip (IRL) v Vin cc Khoa hc v Ht nhn va cht (IGNS) v cc nhm nghin cu trng i hc Massey v Otago. Vin

Nghin cu ny hot ng da vo hng lot cc li th c t trc y nh s hptc nghin cu nng ng, nng lc k thut v khoa hc c bit, s lnh o tuytvi, mng li quc t khng g snh kp, s kt ni gia cng nghip v thngmi cht ch, v dy dn kinh nghim trong o to cc sinh vin t ng cpquc t. Trong s cc iu tra vin chnh ca Vin c 9 ngi l thnh vin ca Tchc Hong gia New Zealand, v 6 ngi c tng thng Hun chng Khoahc c uy tn RSZN. Vin trng Vin MacDiarmid l GS. Paul Callaghan FRS,v Vin ph, TS. Richard Blaikie. Hin nay, Vin ang tp trung vo cc vt liuv cng ngh c sc thu ht s ch ca quc t, bao gm thit b v vt liu kthut nano, cc hot ng quang in t trong thit b v vt liu bn dn, cc chtsiu dn, cc cht do dn in, cc ng nano carbon, cc h thng m phng vcm bin, cc lp ph v vt liu chuyn dng, cc vt liu tch tr nng lng, ccvt liu quang ha v thu nh sng, cc vt liu do, cc vt liu sinh hc v chtlng hn hp.

1.4.7. Singapo

Nh ti tr chnh cho KH&CN Nano Singapo l T chc Khoa hc, Cng ngh vNghin cu (A*STAR). Sng kin Cng ngh nano ca A*STAR c bt u thchin vo thng 9/2001. Cch tip cn ca Singapo l da vo cc nng lc ctch ly trc y v thc y vic i mi trong cc lnh vc cung cp nhin liu

cho cc ngnh cng nghip Singapo. A*STAR trin khai cc chng trnhnghin cu cng ngh nano thng qua cc chng trnh pht trin nng lc hin cti Vin Nghin cu vt liu v k thut (quang lng t, cc vt liu tin tin). TiVin Vi in t v Vin lu tr s liu (cht bn dn, in t hc); v ti Vin Kthut Sinh hc v Cng ngh nano (cng ngh nano sinh hc). Cc n lc ca hang tp trung gii quyt bng c mi trng cng ngh trong cc ngnh cngnghip chnh Singapo nh cng nghip in t, ha hc v y hc sinh hc. Bncnh , U ban Pht trin Kinh t Singapo l mt c quan ti tr h tr nhng

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ng dng vo cng nghip ca R&D, c bit u t cho nhng khi u ca cngngh nano v cc lin doanh quc t.1.4.8. i Loan

Cc chng trnh v MEMS ca i Loan c bt u t nm 1996 v c titr bi Hi ng Khoa hc Quc gia (NSC) v B Cc Vn Kinh t (MOEA).T nm 1998, NSC thnh lp 3 trung tm chnh v MEMS (cc Trung tm

Nghin cu MEMS min Bc, Trung v Nam) vi mc ch xy dng cc c stin ch chung v R&D MEMS v cc cng ngh ct li i Loan. T nm 2003,cc chng trnh v MEMS c lng ghp vo Chng trnh KH&CN v cngngh nano. MEMS ca i Loan tp trung vo cng ngh thng tin, cc qutrnh/thit b cng nghip, thng tin lin lc, in t hc cho khch hng, bn dnv cng ngh y sinh hc.

MEMS ca i Loan ang c chuyn i t R&D sang sn xut thng mi.Cng vic sn xut ca MEMS i Loan c bt u t nm 2000 v gn y i Loan c 9 xng ch to MEMS. Tng vn u t cho sn xut MEMS i Loan l khong 0,5 t USD. Lin Hp Asia Pacific Microsystems (APM) lnh my ch to MEMS hng u i Loan, c ra i 8/2001, vi s vnkhong hn 50 triu USD. S nhn cng ca n hin nay c khong 200 ngi.Hin cng ty ang tip tc theo ui cng ngh ch to MEMS v tp trung vo ccng dng nh vi phun mc, b chuyn i thng minh, v tuyn in v MEMS-sinh hc. N cung cp cho khch hng cc dch v ti ch bao gm h tr thit k,xy dng quy trnh, sn xut khi lng ln, ng gi, lp rp v kin trc APM tip qun xng sn xut phin silic 5-inch t Cng ty in t Winbon chuynsang sn xut con chip CMOS v bin i n thnh mt nh my sn xut MEMStng thch vi CMOS 6- inch ti Cng vin Cng nghip khoa hc Hsinchu. APMang phnu sn xut 8.000 chic/thng vo nm 2003. Cc c ng chnh caAPM l Cng ty Cng nghip Chi Mei, Cng ty in t Mobiletron, Cng ty Viin t Th gii, Cng nghip Wintek (mt chi nhnh ca cng ty Acer) v ckhong 30% vn u t kinh doanh. (Thng tin chi tit v APM c th c thamkho ti www.apmsinc.com)

1.4.9. Thi Lan

T chc ti tr ln nht cho KH&CN l B Khoa hc v Cng ngh (MOST). Cquan Pht trin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Quc gia (NSTDA) thuc MOST ang htr cho 3 trung tm quc gia chnh l Trung tm Quc gia v K thut Gen v Cngngh Sinh hc (BIOTEC), Trung tm Cng ngh Vt liu v Kim loi (MTEC) vTrung tm Cng ngh My tnh v Kinh t Quc gia (NECTEC). Trung tm Cngngh Nano (NANOTEC) c Chnh ph Thi Lan ph chun thnh lp thng8/2003. Mc tiu ca Trung tm ny l:

Xc nh v tp trung vo cc lnh vc thch hp trong cng ngh nano,

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Tp hp v gy dng mt i ng cc nh nghin cu c cht lng v cngngh nano,

Gi vai tr l c quan iu phi gia vin hn lm, ngnh cng nghip, vChnh ph.

Ngn sch c ph duyt cho giai on 2004-2008 l 25 triu USD vi khong300 nhn s. Cc lnh vc tp trung ca R&D l cht do tin tin, carbon nano,thy tinh nano, kim loi nano, cc ht nano, lp ph nano, tng hp nano, v ngdng vo cng nghip t, thc phm, nng lng, mi trng, y-t v sc khe.Hin c 14 phng th nghim ca 6 trng i hc v 5 phng th nghim thuc haic quan Chnh ph, vi hng trm nh nghin cu. Nhng lnh vc nghin cu hinnay trong cng ngh nano ch yu l cc ht nano, cc linh kin chm lng t,ng nano carbon, lp ph nano v MEMS.

II. Pht trin cng ngh nano Chu u v M

2.1. Pht trin cng ngh nano chu u

2.1.1. Chnh sch

T trc n nay, chu u vn l mt khu vc quan trng v chin lc v l khu vci tin phong trong lnh vc KH&CN. i vi lnh vc pht trin nhanh nht v cnu t ln l cng ngh nano, chu u khng ngng tng cng ch trng vo vic trthnh khu vc ng hng u trn th gii, ngy 14 thng 5 nm 2004, U ban chuu (EC) thng qua phng php truyn thng "Hng ti chin lc cng ngh

nan ca chu u" (COM 224 338) nhm cng c hot ng (R&D) ca ton chuu v cng ngh nano v bin cng ngh nano thnh cc sn phm c kh nngthng mi ho.

EC nh gi cao tm quan trng chin lc ca cng ngh nano l do:o Tim nng i mi v kh nng ng dng ca n trong nhiu lnh vc khc

nhau nng cao cht lng cuc sng ca con ngi,o Kh nng to dng cc c hi kinh t cho nhiu ngnh, khu vc,o Tim nng cho s pht trin bn vng thc s,o Nhng thch thc ln i vi cng ng khoa hc: khoa hc, gio dc, t

chc (a ngnh).o EC nhn thy cng ngh nano nh l mt cng c c kh nng nng cao cht

lng cuc sng v t c s pht trin kinh t bn vng.o EC thng qua mt gii php chnh thng khng ch tnh n tnh a ngnh

ca Cng ngh Nano, cc thch thc trong khoa hc, tim nng kinh t, mcn tnh n cc tc ng ln n mi trng v ton x hi.

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EC tin hnh iu tra cc Mng li cng ngh nano ti cc quc gia thnh vinv cc quc gia lin i. C 110 mng li ang phi hp hot ng. Hn 1/2 trongs ang hot ng phm vi quc t. Cc mng li ny bao gm khong 2.000nhm v bao trm tt c cc lnh vc v cng ngh nano. Cc chi tit v kt quiu tra c c sn trn Website v cng ngh nano ca EC:www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology .

Theo EC, cc vn khc lin quan n khoa hc nano chu u l c s h tng,khng c chnh sch i mi hi ha cp tng th, cc vn v kh nng lung ca cc nh nghin cu, ri ro v to vn v qun l vn, vn sng ch, mitrng qun l doanh nghip yu km v khung i mi khng cht ch. V vy, sngkin khoa hc nano mi c ra nhm cng c cc lnh vc yu km nu trn:

Nhm tng cng u t v iu phi R&D y mnh ng dng cng nghnano trong cng nghip,

Pht trin c s h tng R&D t trnh quc t, p ng nhu cu ca cc cquan nghin cu ln ngnh cng nghip,

Khuyn khch gio dc o to lin ngnh cho cc nh nghin cu, nhnmnhvo t duy qun l doanh nghip,

To iu kin tt hn cho chuyn giao cng ngh v i mi cc sn phm huch c thng mi ho,

Phn tch v tch hp cc nhu cu hoc mi quan tm ca x hi vo qu trnhR&D,

Gii quyt tt c cc yu t gy tn hi, nh sc kho ca cng ng, an ton,mi trng v ri ro i vi ngi tiu dng, nhm thc hin nh gi ri roca tng cng on trong vng i sn phm ca cng ngh nano.

t c cc hot ng nu trn cn c s hp tc tt hn v cc sng kin tmquc t.

T thng 7/2002, EC bt u thc hin Chng trnh Din n nano vi tng kinhph cho giai on bn nm khong 2,7 triu euro. Din n nano chu u ny(www.nanoforum.org) l mt t chc mng li cung cp ngun thng tin tng hpv tt c cc lnh vc ca cng ngh nano cho Chnh ph, cng ng x hi, khoahc v doanh nghip. Din n ny h tr cho chin lc cng ngh nano chu uv gip hi nhp cc nc ng c vin vo Lin minh chu u (EU). N t

chc cc cuc hi tho v cc ch chnh, tp trung vo o to. N xut bncc bo co tp trung vo cc vn x hi, k thut v chnh sch. Ngoi ra, n xy dng trang web v c s d liu duy tr cc thng tin v R&D cng nghnano chu u v cc c hi kinh doanh.

EC trin khai thc hin Chng trnh Khung ln th 6 (FP6, 2002-2006) vitng kinh ph khong 13.345 triu euro. Trong EU, c l nc c mc u t caonht cho cng ngh nano, tip l Anh. Nhn thy M v Nht Bn ch trng hnchu u, v d nh o lut R&D cng ngh nano c Chnh ph M k nm 2003,

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EU xut tng gp 3 u t vo cng ngh nano n nm 2010 nhm duy tr khnng cnh tranh trn ton cu. Ngoi ra, EU s gii quyt vn cha c chng trnhR&D cng ngh nan tp trung m M chng trnh ny ni bt nht. Khc vinhng chng trnh khung trc y, FP6 nhnmnh n vic cng c nn tngKH&CN ca ton ngnh cng nghip v khuyn khch mang tnh cnh tranh hn tm quc t. FP6 c cu trc thnh 3 tiu chnh sau:

1. Tp trung v hi nhp cc nghin cu ca cng ng,2. Xy dng lnh vc nghin cu ca chu u,3. Cng c nn tng ca lnh vc nghin cu ca chu u.

Cc hot ng v trin vng ca chnh sch nghin cu ca EU trong vic thchin cc mc tiu c nu ra ti Hi ngh cp cao Lisbon thng 3/2000 v ti cchi ngh cp cao chu u tip theo (ti Goteborg thng 7/2001 v Barcelona thng3/2002) c khng nh ti Tm nhn ca Lnh vc Nghin cu ca chu u(ERA). Mc tiu ca ERA l xy dng mt chnh sch phi hp nghin cu cachu u c iu chnh v gii quyt thch hp cho phm vi ca tng quc gia,khu vc v ton chu u. N khng hn ch vic nghin cu, v vy c p dngcho tt c cc lnh vc khi xy dng chnh sch, bao gm c cc ngun nhn lc vgio dc, kha cnh x hi, o c, cc vn ton cu, tm c quc t, v.v N lm cho chi ph nghin cu tng ln khong 3,0% GDP ca ton chu u.

Cc hot ng xy dng Lnh vc Nghin cu ca Chu u bao gm: nghin cuv i mi, ngun nhn lc v tnh bin ng, h tng c s ca nghin cu, Khoahc v X hi.

By ch u tin (TP) c khng nh trong FP6 l:

TP1 cc khoa hc v cuc sng, gen v cng ngh sinh hc i vi sc khe, TP2 cc cng ngh x hi ha thng tin, TP3 cng ngh v khoa hc nano; cc vt liu a chc nng thng minh, cc

qu trnh v cc thit b sn xut mi, TP4 hng khng v V tr; TP5 an ton v cht lng thc phm, TP6 pht trin bn vng, thay i ton cu v cc h sinh thi,

TP7 Ngi dn v vic qun l trong mt x hi tri thc.

Trong TP1, TP2, TP3 bao gm cc d n hon chnh v KH&CN nano. Tng kinhph dnh cho KH&CN nano trong FP6 cho giai on 4 nm l 700 triu euro. Theonh gi ca EC, tng chi ph hng nm cho KH&CN nano ca chu u l khong700 triu euro.

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TP1 gm c cng ngh nano lin quan n gen, protein, nh hng ch yu chosc khe (pht trin con chip sinh hc, giao din ca t bo, v d nh ntron,nghin cu v no, cng c chn on v iu tr bnh).

TP2 gm in t nano, quang in t, lng t, cng ngh nano siu nh.TP3 gm cc nghin cu a ngnh di hn, cng ngh sinh hc nano, k thut nano,cc vt liu v thit b chuyn dng v xy dng, cc cng c v k thut, sn xutnano, cc ng dng cho y t, cng nghip, mi trng v cc lnh vc khc.Chng trnh cng ngh nano v gen bao gm cc vt liu, cc qu trnh sn xut,cng c, thit b v cc ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc ca nn kinh t.

EC tin rng cc yu cu mi v khoa hc, trin khai v cc c hi ch c th ciu khin v khai thc trn vn nu n c thc hin trong bi cnh ton cuthng qua hp tc quc t.

Chnh v vy, cc chng trnh ca EC v tng th l hon ton m cho s tham giaca quc t. C ba kh nng chnh sau y cho s hp tc quc t:

H tr trc tip cho cc quc gia mc tiu trong nhng lnh vc c lin quannh, y t, nng nghip hoc nc,

Cc tha thun song phng vi hng lot quc gia v KH&CN, Cc k hoch c th v cc hot ng lin kt, hu ht c th hin bng

cc vn bn ghi nh. Hp tc ca EC v Qu NSF ca M v khoa hc vt liu v cng ngh nano

c bt u t 12/1999 v tp trung vo: Cc c hi c th so snh c tham gia vo cc chng trnh khc,

Trao i rng ri thng tin, Tng cng hp tc, Phi hp tm kim ti tr cho cc xut d n, Lin kt t chc cc hi ngh, hi tho, H tr cng tc o to.

Cho n nay c ba hp tc tm kim u t c thc hin vi 12 d n cti tr v c phi hp gim st ngay t khi chun b v 5 hi tho c phihp cng t chc theo hp tc gia EC v NSF.

Mt trong nhng hng chnh trong khoa hc v cng ngh nano l phi nhn dngc cc ro cn hin ti (hoc tng lai) v nhng c gng h tr thc hin ccgii php vt qua cc ro cn bng cch tnh n tt c cc kha cnh c linquan v tng lai ton cu.

2.1.2. C s h tng

a. Mng li

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EC ang u t cho mt s lng ln mng li i mi KH&CN cho cc quc giathnh vin ca EU v cc quc gia lin i. Cc u mi Lin lc Quc gia (NCP)ang h tr cc cuc hi ngh thng qua cc xut d n EU ku gi ti tr.Mi ch u tin li c mt NCP ring, trong bao gm c ch u tin vcng ngh nano. EC cn u t cho vic i mi Mng li Trung tm Tip m(IRC). Cc Trung tm ny s h tr cho vic chuyn giao cng ngh quc t trongkhi EU v trong cc quc gia lin i. Cc h tr khc ca EU cho mng li baogm D n Gate2Growth vi mc ch ph hp ha cc nh doanh nghip cch tnvi cc nh t bn kinh doanh, Minanet, mt c s d liu trc tuyn ca EuropeanMicrosystems, v cc d n nghin cu cng ngh nano. Nh cp trn, ECang ti tr cho din n nano mt mng li ch c s dng nh mt cngra vo ca Cng ngh nano chu u. Mng li ny gm cc dch v cung cpthng tin cho cc nh nghin cu, cc nh cng nghip, cc nh lp chnh sch, sinhvin, v cng chng.

Bng 5: Tm tt mng li h tr R&D cng ngh nano ca EUQucgia/Khuvc

Mng li Website M t

EC Din nNano

www.nanoforum.org Mt mng li ch doEU ti tr, c s dng truyn tin v tnh hnhnghin cu nano, cc chi thng mi, cc khacnh khc ca x hi cho

cc loi khn gi khcnhau. N s xut bn nhk cc tin tc, bi bo,nphm, cc s kin, cct chc v cc c hi titr trn trang web.

EC Cc u milin lc qucgia

www.cordis.lu/fp6/ncp.htm

Cc NCP h tr cc hingh trnh cc xutd n cho EU ku gi titr. Mi ch u tin c

mt NCP ring, trong bao gm c ch u tinv cng ngh nano

EC NEXUS www.nexus-emsto.com/ NEXUS l mt t chc phili nhun, c tr s tiGrenoble, nhm mc chcung cp cho cc chuyngia chuyn ngnhMicrosystems: 1) Truy cp

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vo cc ch dn c bnthng qua cc bo co chang nhng phn tch minht v th trng, cngngh, cc ng dng, cc xuhng pht trin di hn;2) Thng tin thng quacng website, cc bn tinthng k bng e-mail, bo, cc hi tho chuyn vc cc hi ngh; 3) Cc chi vo mng bc cao nhc cc cuc gp g thngxuyn ca cc nh cungcp/ngi s dng, ccchuyn gia khc; NEXUSl mng MEM/MST lnnht chu u.

EC PHANTOMS www.phantoms.net.com/ PHANTOMS l mt mngli tuyt ho, s mnh can l cung cp din n vcc dch v v thng tincho cc nh nghin cuang hot ng trong lnhvc cng ngh nano nhm

mc ch x l v lu trthng tin. S mnh nyc thc hin nh cungcp cc thng tin c cpnht, ni lu tr cc bi

bo, cc bn tin, trung tmphn mm, nhng nghincu c trng

b. Truyn thng

Bng 5: Tm tt cc ngun thng tin v thc trng cng ngh nano chu u. (cccng thng tin ca EU)Qucgia/Khuvc

Mng li Website M t

EC Chngtrnh EC

www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology

V tr Cng thng tin Chnhph ca EC

EC MINANET www.minanet.com MINANET l c s d liutruy cp trc tuyn ca cc

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d n nghin cu vmicrosystems v cng nghnano chu u. Cc d nc th c ti tr bi EU,Chnh ph quc gia v khuvc t nhn.

EC NanoForum www.nanoforum.org Nanoforum v cng nghnano l mng li ch do EU ti tr, c s dng truyn tin v tnh hnhnghin cu nano, cc c hithng mi, cc kha cnhkhc ca x hi cho cc loikhn gi khc nhau. N sxut bn nh k cc tintc, bi bo, nphm, ccs kin, cc t chc v ccc hi ti tr trn trangweb.

c. Cc tin ch

Cc trung tm tin ch chnh ca EU cho R&D cng ngh nano hin c khp chuu c nu tm tt ti bng 7.

Bng 7. Cc trung tm tin ch chnh cho thc hin R&D cng ngh nano ti chuuQucgia/Khuvc

Tin ch Website M t

B IMEC www.arec.be Trung tm nghin cu clp hng u chu u vtrin khai v cp chng nhncc cng ngh vi in t,cng ngh thng tin v vin

thng (ICT)Php MINATEC www.minatec.com c t ti CEA Grenoble, trung tm 170triu euro ny ang lm chcc cng ty mi thnh lp,cng nh ang tr gip cccng ty trung bnh v anggp phn vo cc chngtrnh R&D ca cc hng ln.

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c CCN www.kompetenznetze.de Trung tm c thm quyn vcng ngh nano (CCN) baogm 6 mng li c thmquyn c xy dng vi st vnca Hip hi Kthut c (VDC). iu nylm tng cng s nhhng ln nhau v trao iqua li gia cc vin nghincu v cng nghip.

Anh NPL Wwwnpl.co.uk Phng th nghim Vt lQuc gia (NPL) l mt trungtm v cng ngh nanongang tm th gii.

Thu

in

MC2 www.nc2.chalmers.se/mc2 MC2 c trnh khoa

hc v cc tin ch k thut tr thnh mt trung tmnghin cu hng u thgii v cng ngh nano vMicro.

c CeNS www.cens.de Trung tm v Khoa hcNano (CeNS) ra i nm1998 vi mc ch khuynkhch v tr gip cc nghincu a ngnh trong tt c

cc lnh vc v khoa hcnano, t hp vt l, ha hc,ha sinh, cc khoa hc v ssng. CeNS l mt nhmcng tc c t tiLudwig-Maximilians-Universitat (LMU) Munich, c. Cc thnhvin v cc chi nhnh caCeNS ang tin hnh nghin

cu ti LMU v ti cc tchc khoa hc khc. H hptc vi mng li ngang mmng li ny ang hotng nh cam kt t nguynca h.

Anh IRC www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk.irc

Mc ch chnh l xydng Hp tc Nghin cua ngnh (IRC) nh l mt

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trung tm hng u ca quct v cng ngh nano vicc mc tiu sau: 1) Snxut t hp cc kt cu ckch thc ba chiu vi chnh xc phn t; 2) Phttrin cc lp mng bng

phng php t tng hptrc tip trn nn mu; 3)Xc nh cc c tnh int v c ca cc giao dinc kch thc nano; 4) Phttrin cc thit k ca ccthit b s dng trong y sinhhc v cng ngh thng tin;5) M rng hng lot d ncho khu vc thng mi; 6)o to cn b v nghincu a ngnh.

Thuin

NCCR www.nanoscience.unibas.ch/ncer

Khoa hc v nano-mtTrung tm Quc gia cnhim v nghin cu(NCCR) l mt n lcnghin cu a ngnh dihn, tp trung vo cc cu

trc nano, mc ch cungcp nhng tng v tcng mi cho cc ngnhkhoa hc phc v s sng,s dng bn vng cc ngunnguyn liu v cho ICT.Trong ni b ca NCCR,trng i hc Basel l cquan chnh, hin l ni angduy tr mng li gia cc

trng i hc, cc vinnghin cu ca lin bang,cc i tc cng nghip chp tc cht ch vi cc nhkhoa hc ca nhiu ngnhkhc nhau.

Italia ELETTRAChuyn vPhng th

www.elettra.trieste.it ELETTRA l Phng thnghim ln v nh sngSynchrotron a ngnh, c

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nghim vnh sng

hnh thnh cung cp ccdch v cho cc nh nghincu t cc lnh vc c bnv ng dng khc nhau nhvt liu v cc khoa hc vs sng, vt l, ha hc va cht.ELETTRA c trang b ccngun sng trng trong di

ph t UV n tia X v xut mi trng cnh tranhquc t cho cc nh nghincu ca cc trng i hc,cc phng th nghim qucgia v cc doanh nghip tkhp ni trn th gii.

d. Gio dc

Cc chng trnh gio dc lun c sn hu ht cc quc gia chu u. Mt s vd c nu ti bng 8.

Bng 8: Danh mc cc kha hc v cng ngh nano hin c sn ti cc trng ihc chu u.Quc gia T chc Lnh vc chuyn suan Mch Trng i hc Aarhus, Aarhus Trng hc v nano

an Mch Trng i hc Copenhagen,Copenhagen Cu trc nano v cc khoa hc vphn tc Universitat Kassel, Kassel Cu trc nano v cc khoa hc v

phn tc Universitat Wuzburrg, Wuzburg Nghin cu k thut cu trc nanoc Trng i hc cc Khoa hc

ng dng Sudwest-falen,Isserlohn

Cng ngh nano v sinh hc

c Trng i hc Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen

Khoa hc v phn t

c Trng i hc cc Khoa hcng dng Munich, Muchen o to Thc s v k thut microv nanoc Bundesanstalt fur Arbeit,

Numbergo to k s v cng ngh nano

c Trng i hc quc tBremen, Bremen

Khoa hc v phn t nano

c Universitat Bielefeld K s v cng ngh nano Civen, Venice Thc s quc t v cng ngh

nano

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Netherland Trng i hc Delft TU vTrng i hc Lieden, Delft

Thc s v khoa hc nano

Netherland Trung tm Khoa hc vt liu,Trng i hc Groningen,Groningen

Topmaster

Netherland MESA + Vin, Trng i hcTwente, Enschede

Cc kin thc c bn v cngngh nano

Swizeland Philosophisch-Naturwissenschfliche Fakult atder Universitat Basel, Basel

o to thc s v nano

Anh Trng i hc Sussxex,Brighton

Khoa hc v cng ngh nano

Anh Trng i hc Cranfield Thc s v cc h thng micro vcng ngh nano

Anh Trng i hc Leeds ca

Sheffield, Leeds, Sheffield

o to trn gi Thc s v Khoa

hc v Cng ngh nanoCc thng tin y hn c th tm thy trn trang web: www.nanoforum.org,thuc phn ban Education Carreer.

e. H tr thng mi

EC ang ti tr cho Mng li ca Trung tm Relay cch tn (IRC). Cc IRC nys h tr vic chuyn giao cng ngh quc t trong khi EU v trong cc nc lini. D n Gate2Growth cng ang c ti tr bi EC vi mc ch ph hp hacc nh doanh nghip cch tn vi cc nh t bn kinh doanh.

Hot ng phi hp h tr cho thng mi cng ngh trn ton chu u c titr bi EC c xy dng mt cch hon chnh nh l mt phn ca c s htng ca khoa hc v cng ngh. Chi tit v mng li ca EU c th tm thy trnwebsite c trnh by trong bng 9.Bng 9: Cc chng trnh h tr thng mi ha nghin cu ca ECQucgia/Khuvc

Mng li Website M t

EC Gate2Growth www.gate2growth.com Gate2Growth, mt sngkin ca EC, xy dng

v hon thin trn gi ccdch v h tr cc nhdoanh nghip la chnchnh xc cc nh u t,xy dng cc k hochkinh doanh thuyt phccc nh u t ny ng hcho cc d n ca h. Sngkin Gate2Growth ang

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thc hin hng lot ccdch v v mng li lm cho qu trnh thu htu t nhanh v r hn ivi cc hng k thut caocn non tr nhng c timnng pht trin ln.

EC Trung tmRelay cchtn

Irc.cordis.lu/ IRC h tr chuyn giaocng ngh quc t trongEU v cc nc lin i

2.2. Pht trin cng ngh nano M

2.2.1. Chnh sch pht trin cng ngh nano

Thng 12 nm 2003, Tng thng Bush k o lut R&D cng ngh nano Th kXXI, c H vin v Thng vin ng h vi i a s. o lut ny c c thho trong cc hot ng v chng trnh lut c Sng kin v Cng ngh NanoQuc gia h tr, l mt trong cc u tin R&D ca nhiu c quan cao nht ca Tngthng. o lut yu cu 3,7 t USD u t cho R&D cng ngh nano trong ti kho2005-2008.

Sng kin v Cng ngh Nano Quc gia ca M (NNI) l N lc ca cc c quannhm ti a ha s hon vn u t cho R&D cng ngh nano ca chnh quyn cc

lin bang, thng qua vic phi hp cc hot ng u t, nghin cu v pht trinc s h tng ca tng t chc. NNI khng ch cung cp ti chnh cho nghin cu,cc tin ch v gio dc, m cn gi vai tr ch cht trong vic thc y pht trincc mng li a ngnh v cc quan h i tc v trong truyn thng ti cc tchc tham gia v cng chng, thng qua cc hi tho v cc cuc hp, cng nhInternet (www.nano.gov). Cui cng, n khuyn khch kinh doanh, c bit kinhdoanh nh nhm thc hin cc c hi do cng ngh nano to ra.

Cc thng tin u t ca NNI mi nht c th tm thy trn trang Web:www.nano.gov v c trnh by trong bng di y.Bng 10:

T chc 2001Thc chi 2003Thc chi 2004D kin 2005 xut % thayi ca2004

% thayi ca2001

NSF 150 220 254 305 20 103DOD 125 322 315 276 -12 121DOE 88 134 203 211 4 140HHS(NH)

40 78 80 89 11 122

DOC 33 64 63 53 -16 61

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(NIST)NASA 22 36 87 35 -5 59USDA 0 0 1 5 400 Chng

trnh miEPA 5 5 5 5 0 Khng

thay iDHS(TSA)

0 1 1 0 Khngthay i

DOJ 1 1 2 2 0 Chngtrnh mi

Tng 464 862 961 982 2 112

DHS- B An ninh Ni aDOC- B Thng miDOD- B Quc phng

DOE- B Nng lngDOJ- B T phpDOT- B Giao thngEPA- C quan Bo v Mi trngHHS- Cc dch v cho Con ngi v Sc khe

NASA- C quan Hng khng v V tr Quc giaNIH- Cc Vin Sc khe Quc giaNIST- Vin Tiu chun v Cng ngh Quc giaTSA- C quan An ton Giao thngUSDA- B Nng nghip ca M

u t ca NNI (M) t n con s 1 t USD nm 2004 v c kh nng s tngln 2% nm 2005, gp 2 ln so vi u t ca nm 2001 (464 USD), l thi imca NNI bt u c thc hin. C 15 t chc tham gia vo thc hin cc hotng ca NNI. Ring kinh ph cho nm 2005 ca NSSF, DOD, DOE v NIH c khnng s tng gp 2 ln so vi nm 2001. iu ny cho thy rng trong chin lcu t ca NNI, h tr cho cc nghin cu c bn, nng lng, y t v quc phngs c tng cng hn. Thng 12/2004, K hoch Nghin cu v Trin khai cngngh nano ca Th k 21 c Chnh ph M thng qua. NNI ca 2005 s tiptc tp trung vo cc nghin cu c bn v ng dng thng qua hng lot chng

trnh c iu hnh bi cc iu tra vin c uy tn, cc trung tm lin ngnh xutsc v pht trin c s h tng. Cc hot ng nh gi s chp nhn ca x hi vcng ngh nano bao gm cc vn lin quan n o c, lut php, sc khe,mi trng v gio dc vn c duy tr. Khong 65% kinh ph hin nay ca NNIc dng h tr cc nghin cu l thuyt, ngoi tr mt phn ng k cdnh cho vic tng cng quan h i tc gia cc nh nghin cu v cc doanhnghip t nhn lm n by cho u t cng cng. NII h tr cho hn 100trung tm KH&CN nano v cc mng li ti nng cho cc c nhn v c quan.Mc ch ca cc trung tm ny l cung cp din n v h tr cc nghin cu a

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ngnh cho cc nh nghin cu thuc cc ngnh v cc khu vc nghin cu khcnhau, bao gm: vin hn lm, cng nghip v cc phng th nghim quc gia. Theok hoch, cc trung tm ny s c m rng phm vi v cc ch v phn b al. Cc Trung tm ti nng (COE) chnh ca NNI v cc c s h tng khc ctm tt di y.

2.2.2 C s h tng

a. Mng li

c c s cho vic h tr cc nghin cu a ngnh ca cc nh nghin cu thuccc ngnh v cc khu vc nghin cu khc nhau, bao gm: cc vin hn lm, ccngnh cng nghip v cc phng th nghim quc gia, NNI thc hin ti tr chocc COE. Cc Trung tm ny khng ch i u trong cc nghin cu tin tin, mcn xy dng c mi quan h cht ch tng cng s chuyn giao cc kt qunghin cu thnh cc ng dng cho cc ngnh cng nghip. COE c ti tr bi

NNI c tm tt trong bng 11.

Bng 11: Tm tt v Trung tm ti nng ca NSFTn Trungtm

T chc Website Ch u t 5nm(triuUSD)

Cc Trungtm Khoa

hc v kthut nano(NSEC)T hp cccng ngh

pht hinv mhnh nano

Trng ihc

Northwestern

www.nsec.northwestern.edu

Cc phng php phthin DNA/RNA,

polymer, cng nhnsinh-ha, tng hp trctip b mt, cc b cm

bin.

11,1

Cc h

thng kchthcnano trongcng nghthng tin

Trng i

hc Cornell

www.cns.corne

ll.edu

in t hc nano, lng

t hc, t hc h tr chokhoa hc.

11,6

Khoa hcv cc hthng kchthc

Trng ihc Harvard

www.nsec.harvard.edu

u d qut, in t hclin kt, cc cu trc hnhp

10,8

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nano vng dngca ccthit bTruynng cain ttrong cccu trcnano phnt

Trng ihcColumbia

www.cise.columbia.edu/nces

Truyn ng ca intch trong cc phn t,cc giao din ca ngnano carbon, t hp

10,8

Khoa hcnano trongk thutmi

trng vSinh hc

Trng ihc Rice

Cnsst.rice.edu/cben

Fullerines, cc vt liunano trong t bo, kthut sinh hc, cc ngdng trong mi trng

10,5

Tng hptrc tipcc cutrc nano

Hc vinBch khoaRensselaer

www.rpi.edu/dept/nces

Cc cht gel v compositnano trn nn polymer,cc vt liu phn t sinhhc c cu trc nano,nguyn l

10

Trung tmSn xut

Nano theo

Lp vTng hp(SINAM)

Trng ihc Califor-nia, Los

Angeles

www.cnsi-uc.org

Thch ha ng vinano, tng hp nano, kthut chnh xc cp

nano, in t hc nano

17,7

Cc hthng snxut Ha-in-Ckch thcnano(Nano-

CEMMS)

Trng ihc Illinoisca Urbana-Champaign

www.mie.uiuc.edu

Cc mng li nano vmicro lng, nh v kchthc nano, dng ckim tra t hp sinh-ha

12,5

COE khcca NSFTrung tmCng nghv Khoahc Cngngh Sinhhc Nano

Trng ihc Cornell

ww.nbtc.comell.edu

Cc thit b phn t sinhhc v phn tch, nglc hc ca phn t sinhhc, cc vt liu cpnano, sinh hc t bo ckch thc nano

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b. Cc c s tin ch

R&D cng ngh nano i hi phi c s h tr ln v linh hot cho c s h tngnhm mc ch to iu kin, khuyn khch cc pht minh mi v cch tn v toiu kin thun li cho chuyn giao nhng kt qu nghin cu c gi tr thng mit phng th nghim ti th trng. Tuy nhin, chi ph cho cng c, thit b, v cctin ch ca cng ngh nano l kh cao. iu ny hn ch vic trin khai nghincu ca cc t chc c u t hn ch. Ti tr ca Chnh ph cho pht trin c sh tng, m u t c th n vi cc nh nghin cu v n phc v cho xy dngcc tin ch ct yu mang tnh quc gia v quc t, c th lm ti u u t choR&D ca chnh ph. Mt hng tp trung quan trng ca NNI l xy dng cc

php o v cc tiu chun, cng c nghin cu, nng lc v m hnh ha v mphng, cc c s tin ch mang tnh quc gia cho ngi s dng R&D. Kiu ti trny ang c s dng h tr Mng li h tng C s Sn xut Nano cp Qucgia (NNIN) v Mng li m hnh ha v m phng cho tnh ton cng ngh nano,c hai ci u c ti tr bi NSF. Ti tr cho c s h tng nghin cu cngc DOE s dng xy dng 5 trung tm nghin cu khoa hc nano (NSRC)c t cng vi cc tin ch chnh hin c ti cc phng th nghim ca DOE trnton nc M.

Cc c quan Lin bang ca M ang cam kt m bo cc c s h tng b sung h tr cc n lc ca NNI, bao gm cc c s tin ch cho khoa hc nano caPhng th nghim Nghin cu Naval (NRL) ca DOD v mt phn ca Phng thnghim o lng Tin tin ca NIST. Tin ch cho ngi s dng R&D cng nghnano ca NNI ti M c tm tt bng12:

Bng 12: Tm tt cc tin ch R&D ch yu v cng ngh nano ca MTn Tinch

Website T chc M t

Mng liC s htng Snxut nano

Quc giaca NSF(NNIN)

www.cnf.cornell.edu C s Tin ch Snxut v khoa hc vnano, Trng ihc Cornell

Tin ch c sdng h tr ccnghin cu a ngnhv sn xut, tng

hp, m t c imv xy dng cc ktcu, thit b v hthng t kch thcnguyn t n kchthc ln phc tp.

www.howard.edu/keckcenter/default.htm

Trung tm Keck thit k cc vt liuvi s tha nhn

Trung tm ny tptrung vo thc hincc nghin cu c

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phn t, Trng ihc Howard

bn v k thut cnthit cho thit k ccvt liu nano i vis tha nhn phn t

C s Tin ch Snxut Nano, Trngi hc Quc giaPennsyvania

Mt C s Tin chvi 10 phng lmvic cht lng vc trang b bimt mng lichuyn gia gii angcung cp y cckh nng x l ccvt nn c ngknh ln tn 6 inch.C s Tin ch nym bo k nng tinhxo trong sn xutnano trn-xung vdi-ln.

Snf.stanford.edu C s Tin ch Snxut Nano Stanford,Trng i hcStanford

To iu kin chocc nh nghin cutruy cp cc thit bv k nng sn xutnano mt cch hiuqu v kinh t.

C s Tin ch Snxut Nano, Trngi hc California,Santa Barbara

m bo k nngtrong vic sn xutcc thit b bn dn,cung cp y ccqu trnh cho cngng cc nh khoahc v nghin cu.

Mng lica NSFcho tnh

ton cngngh nano(NCN)

www.nanohub.purdue.edu

Cc trng i hcPurdue, Illinois,Stanford, Florida,

Texas, Northwesternand Morgan State.

NCN pht trin c sh tng mang ncho sinh vin/gio

vin/thc nghimvin v cc nhnghin cu khc

phng php tnhton cng ngh nano.Mc tiu ca

Nanohub l m rngti cc lnh vc nhha hc, ng lc

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hc phn t v chc

Cc Trungtmnghincu Nanoca DOE(NSRC)

www.cfn.bnl.gov Trung tm v ccVt liu Nano chcnng (CFN), Phngth nghim Quc giaBrookhaven

Cung cp cc nnglc cn thit cho vicsn xut v nghincu cc vt liu ckch thc nano,nhnmnh v snxut cc vt liu kchthc nguyn t nhm t c ccc tnh v chcnng nh mongmun. CFN s phcv nh l mt umi tc nghip v lni h tr cho ccnghin cu v vtliu tin tin vngng Bc M.

cint.lanl.gov Trung tm v ccCng ngh Nano thp, Phng thnghim Quc giaSandia

Cc c im caCINT l s tp trungvo khm ph conng t pht minhkhoa hc n hi

nhp cu trc nanovo th gii ca vim v v m.

www.cnns.ornl.gov Trung tm v ccKhoa hc v Vtliu Nano (CNMS),Phng th nghimQuc gia Oak Ridge

CNMS l mt trongs 5 trung tm NSRCca DOE sn sinh ramng li quc giathng nht. Mc tiuv t chc tp trungca CNMS l

cung cp cc c hitt nht cho s hiubit v cc vt liuc kch thc nano,s hi nhp v cchin tng k lkhc thng quavic to ra hng lots hp lc s y

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nhanh cc qu trnhkhm ph pht minh.

nano.anl.gov Trung tm v ccVt liu Nano,Phng th nghimQuc gia Argome

Mc tiu l thitk cc h thng-nhnanocomposite canam chm vnh cucc mnh, in t vcm bin, cc hthng lu tr v botn nng lng cmquang, vt truyn ca

phn t-c chc nngc bit i vi ccng dng c linquan n cc dngnng lng khcnhau.

foundry.lbl.gov Xng c phn t,Phng th nghimQuc gia Berkeley

Xng sn xut phnt l mt c s tinch cho ngi sdng trong thit k,tng hp, v m tcc vt liu kchthc nano. N lmt trong hai c s

tin ch quc gia chongi s dng thucB phn cc khoahc v vt liu caPhng th nghimBerkeley v l mttrong nm n v caPhng th nghimBerkeley.

C s

Tin chcho Khoahc Nanoca DOD

www.nrl.navy.mil Phng th nghim

Nghin cu Naval

R rng rng ci ni

cc ngnh khcnhau c th cngchia s cc k nngv kinh nghim nhmxc nh v khm

ph cc c hi hptc a ngnh, trcy l khng th truycp c. Chnh v

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vy, C s Tin chny s n tip ccnh khoa hc t ccni n thm C strong khong thigian ngn hn v dihn; S quan tmhp tc c biuhin sn sng bngs lnh o ca cct chc nghin cu y v nc ngoi.

VinQuc giav Tiuchun vCngngh(NIST)/cc Trungtm cangi sdng

www.nist.gov Phng th nghimo lng tin tin,Chng trnh

Nghin cu Khchni a ca NIST,Trung tm v

Nghin cu Neutron

S mnh ca NIST lpht trin v cng co lng, tiu chun,v cng ngh nngcao nng sut, toiu kin cho thngmi ha v ci thincht lng cucsng. NIST ang tinhnh thc hin smnh ca n trong 4chng trnh hp tc:1) Cc phng th

nghim ca NIST; 2)Chng trnh Chtlng Quc giaBaldrige; 3) Quan hi tc trong m rngsn xut; 4) Chngtrnh cng ngh tintin.

c. Gio dc

NNI nhnmnh tm quan trng ca gio dc v KH&CN nano ti cc trngi hc, ph thng v cho cng chng. Cc chng trnh gio dc hin c sn tiCOE ca NNI, c bit, cho o to lc lng cng nghip v cng ngh nanotrong tng lai. Bng di y (bng 13) nu tm tt cc kha hc v cc cp hchin c ti M.

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Bng 13: Tm tt cc chng trnh gio dc v KH&CN nano ti MCphc/Khahc

T chc Lnh vc chuyn su

Tr ging vCng nghnano

Trng i hc Pennsynvania vcc Trng cao ng cng ngti Pennsynvania

Tr gingv:- Khoa hcng dng- Cp trong khoahc nano

Trng i hc Minnesota vTrng cao ng k thut Dakota

Thc s khoa

hc chuynngnh v Vtl nano

Trng i hc Rice

PhD v M.S Trng hc v cc khoa hcnano v k thut nano, trng ihc Albany

PhD Trng i hc WashingtonCc khahc

Trng i hc Quc gia Kansas(phys.educ.ksu.edu)

Gii thiu v c hc lng tcho cc hc sinh PTTH v caong cng vi cc chng trnh

my tnh hp dn c ktniCc khahc

Trng i hc Quc gia Penn(www.nanofab.psu.edu/education/defalt.htm)

Cc c s tin ch sn xut nanophc v cc i tng l sinhvin, cc nh gio dc chuynnghip v cng chc ngnhcng nghip

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc Purdue(engineering.purdue.edu/ChE/Research/Nanotech/index.html)

Khoa hc v k thut nano

Cc khahc Hc vin Bch khoa Rensselear(www.rpi.edu/dept/nsec/edu-programs.html)

NSEC ca NSF ng gp cckha hc cho cc i tng tnh tr n sinh vin, c nhnv cc chuyn nghip gia

Cc khahc

Trng i hc Rice(nanonet.rice.edu/intronanosci/index.html)

Gii thiu v khoa hc nano(GS.Vicki Colvin trnh by)

Cc khahc

Trng i hc California-LA(www.cnsi-

ng gp cc kha hc vphng th nghim a ngnh

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uc.org/education.html) gm: sn xut nano, quang hc-nano, v thng tin sinh hc

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc Delaware(www.ece.udel.edu/~kolodzey/course.html)

Kha hc v cc nguyn l cathit b in t nano (GS.JamesKolodzey trnh by)

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc Florida(www.acis.ufl.edu/index.php?l=170)

Tnh ton nano

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc Notre Dame(www.nd.edu%7Endnano/index.html)

Cc thit b lng t tin tin

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc Nam California(www.lmr.usc.edu%7Elmr)

Ngi my nano

Cc kha

hc tng tc

Trng i hc Washington v

Phng th nghim Quc gia TyBc Thi Bnh Dng(www.nano.washington.edu/pnnl/overview.html)

Khoa hc v cng ngh nano

c ti tr bi NSF

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc Arkasas vTrng i hc Oklahoma(www.nhn.ou.edu/cspin/)

Vt l v cu trc nano bn dn

Cc khahc cp ihc

Trng i hc California-Berkeley(http://bioeng.berkeley.edu/syllab

us/121syllabus.html)

Gii thiu v Micro v Cngngh sinh hc nano

Thng tin v cc chng trnh gio dc v cc ngun thng tin khc cho gio vinv hc sinh ti USA c sn ti: www.nano.gov/html/edu/eduteach.html

d. Mng li khc

Bn cnh COE ca NNI, ti M cn c cc trung tm chnh khc v cng nghnano c cc c quan Chnh ph v cc trng i hc ti tr. Chi tit c trnh

by ti bng 14 v 15.

Bng 14: Tm tt thng tin v cc trung tm c cc c quan Chnh ph ti tr.Tn t chc Website Ch /M tTrung tmQun i M

Trng ihc

Trung tmNghin cuNng lngnano

Trng ihc Minnesota

www.me.umn.edu/%7Emrz/CNER.htm

Pht trin cc phng phpmi v s tng trng v shnh thnh cc ht nano, ccvt liu c cu trc nano vcc tip cn m t chng

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xc nh c tiu chun phtnng lng ca cc kt cunano v mt s c tnh khclin quan n nng lng.

Khoa Sckhe phc vcon ngica MTrung tmsn xut nanov t tnghp phn t

Trng ihc

Northwestern

www.nanotechnology.northwestern.edu

Nhim v l h tr cc nlc quan trng trong cngngh nano, cc c s tin ch

phc v m t vt liu hini cho ngi nh, v tp trungcc n lc nhm vo giiquyt cc vn then cht v

cng ngh nano.DODKhoa Cc

phng thnghimnghin cuquc phngv khoa hcv cng nghnano

www.nanosra.nrl.navy.mil/laboratories.php

Tt c cc phng th nghimv khoa hc v cng nghnano ca cc Vn phngDOD nh Vn phng cc dn nghin cu tin tin quc

phng, Vn phng nghincu Naval, Vn phng nghincu qun i v Vn phng

v nghin cu khoa hc caKhng qun.Cc sngkin nghincu a ngnhca cctrng ihc

www.nanosra.nrl.navy.mil/muri.php

Chng trnh nghin cu angnh ca URI (MURI) angtr gip cc nhm nghin cuca cc trng i hc mnhng n lc nghin cu cah lin quan t nht n hailnh vc khoa hc truynthng v ngnh k thut tr

ln.Cc sngkin nghincu a ngnhca cctrng ihc v cngngh nano

www.nanosra.nrl.navy.mil/muri.php

Chng trnh DURINT angh tr cc nhm nghin cuca cc trng i hc thchin cc nghin cu c bnv cng ngh nano. Chngtrnh ny bao gm 2 thnh

phn: nghin cu v trangthit b, c hai thnh phn ny

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u tham gia h tr cho oto.

Cc trung tm c thnh lp theo sng kin ca cc trng i hc c nu tmtt trong bng di y.

Bng 15: Tm tt thng tin v cc trung tm chnh c thnh lp theo sng kinca cc trng i hcTn t chc Website Ch /M tTrung tm,Vin

Trng ihc

Trung tm vVt l bndn trong cutrc nano

- Trng ihc Arkansas,- Trng ihc Oklahoma

www.nhn.ou.edu/cspin/index.html

S mnh ca n l pht trinhoc sn xut v m t cckt cu nano trong vt liu

bn dn; nghin cu cc tnhcht vt liu mi lin quan

n tng c th hoc c nhmkt cu nano; cui cng l nc th c s dng nh thno trong h thng ha hc,quang hc v in t th htip theo.

Trung tm vcng nghnano tronggiao thng

Trng ihc

Northwestern

www.ctn.northwestern.edu

Nhim v ca Trung tm vcng ngh nano trong giaothng thuc cc Trng ihc Northwestern l pht

trin o to v cc lnh vcnghin cu v cng nghnano ng dng trong khu vcgiao thng vn ti.

Vin nghincu sn xutnano

Trng ihc

Northwestern

www.nano.neu.edu

Vin Nghin cu ny hinang xy dng mt chngtrnh nghin cu thng nhttp trung vo sn xut cc ktcu v thit b c kch thcmicro v nano ti trng i

hc Northwestern.Trung tmNorthCalifornia vVt liu nano

- Trng ihc ca NorthCalifornia,- Trng ihc Quc gia

NorthCalifornia

www.phyics.unc.edu/%7Ezhou/muri/nccnm.html

D n ny nhm mc chnm vng v iu khin tnhcht ha-l ca vt liu cacc ng nano v cc vt liut ng nano; nh gi timnng ng dng ca chng vtng cng kt cu, lu trnng lng; pht trin cc

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thit b mu in t v c hcnano.

Nhm nghincu v khoahc nano(NSRG)

Trng ihc ca NorthCalifornia

www.cs.unc.edu/Research/nano/

NSRG l mt t chc gmnhiu nhm khc nhau nghincu v khoa hc nano linquan ch yu ti trng ihc North California tiChapei Hill.

III. Th trng v sn phm nano

Th trng cng ngh nano c c tnh s t khong 1.000 t USD vonm 2015 v y cng s l lnh vc cnh tranh gay gt.

C th ni l iu l lng khi cng ngh nano (c hiu nh mt k xo ch tocc vt liu v my mc c kch thc rt nh) ang to ra nhng tc ng c bittri ngc trong kinh doanh. Thay bng vic ch to ra ci g thc t hn, ngi tali to ra ci rt v v v lm cho n c v nh thn diu. Nu bn mun cng ty, sn

phm ca bn nghe c v c o hn, bn hy gn thm tip u t "nano" vo vbn s l mt phn ca Vt to ln Tip theo (The Next Big Thing). iu cng gingnh khi cc cng ty thm ci ui ".com" trong giai on bng n Internet hay "tech"trong nhng nm bng n my tnh xch tay (PC). Cc cng vic kinh doanh lin quann cng ngh nano ang m ra c mt lnh vc mi bao gm cc ngun lc sn c.V vy, cc cng ty ang c sp xp li nhng g h ang tin hnh.

Tt nhin mc tiu ca h l kim tin. Theo mt c tnh, cng ngh nano s l mtth trng t tr gi 1.000 t USD trong vng khong mt thp k na. Hin nay, stin u t vo lnh vc ny ca Chnh ph M v khu vc t nhn ln ti 3 t USDv vn ang tip tc tng ln. Chng trnh "Xc tin Cng ngh Nano" ca Chnh

ph M kin ngh chi tiu 847 triu USD cho nghin cu trong nm 2004, tng9,5% so vi nm 2003 (nm 1997 - 116 triu USD; nm 2000 - 270 triu; nm 2001 -422 triu v nm 2002 - 518 triu, cha k cc ti ca cc trng i hc k vi ccc quan quc phng, an ninh v mt s cng ty ln, trong thng c phn R&Dlin quan ti cng ngh nano). Nhng, trc khi cc nh u t, cc nh kinh doanh

vn mo him v cc quan chc Chnh ph bt u tung tin ra, c th h s mun cmt ci nhn, phm vi nano, vo gi tr thc ca cng ngh mi ny.

Ti chu u, c h tr rt mnh cho vic pht trin cng ngh nano. c c mt Ch-ng trnh thng nht giao cho B Gio dc v Nghin cu qun l vi kinh ph chungchi t ngn sch khong 7 t USD, trong 1/4 c chi cho u t i mi cngngh. Nh nc c cn thng qua Chng trnh EXIST nhm tr lng v th laocho cc cn b nghin cu v sinh vin i hc tham gia nghin cu cng ngh nano.Chng trnh EXIST cn chi tin lp cc cng ty cc trng i hc cho vic

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thc hin cc mc tiu c bit,... B Gio dc v Nghin cu c s b nh gitim nng to ln ca th trng cng ngh c doanh s tim nng ng k ny m hhy vng nc c s c vai tr dn u trong vic nm bt cc c hi. Theo B ny,mt s lnh vc trng tm sau y c tim nng doanh s cao: Cc lp siu mng(chiu dy vi nguyn t) 20 t USD, cc kt cu dc cnh (lateral) 2 t USD, x l bmt siu chnh xc 12 t USD, o lng v phn tch cc kt cu nano 13 t USD, ccvt liu nano v kin to phn t 4 t USD. c c khong 60 cng ty quan tm c

bit ti cng ngh nano.

Trung Quc, Vin Hn lm Khoa hc qun l nhiu chng trnh R&D v cngngh nano. Mt trong nhng hng tp trung l cng ngh ch to bn dn v cc thit

b in t da trn cng ngh nano. Trung Quc c 17 trng i hc v 11 cng tyln thc hin nghin cu v cng ngh nano v khong 200 doanh nghip c rng

buc trong quan h bun bn cc thit b, sn phm cng ngh nano.

Ti Hn Quc, B KH&CN thng qua Chng trnh "Khi pht cc thit b nano mctera" ti tr cho cc trng i hc v ngnh cng nghip pht trin cc thit b in tth h tng lai ti y. Tp on Samsung, ngi khng l ca cng nghip HnQuc, lp hn mt c quan khoa hc l Vin Cng ngh tin tin thc hin ccnhim v nghin cu cng ngh, thng mi ho cc cng ngh vi in t v h trvic ng dng cc h thng vi in t (microelectro-mechanical). C quan Thc yu t Thng mi Hn Quc cng gp mt vai tr tch cc trong vic cung cpthng tin lin quan n u t vo cng ngh nano.

V cc sn phm mi ca cng ngh nano: "Nhanh hn, nh hn, nh hn" l ch chnh ca cc sn phm cng ngh nano, p ng nhu cu khch hng v gim trnglng, th tch, gim tiu th nguyn vt liu, nng lng hoc tng tc x l vsn xut. Ngc li vi cc lnh vc cng ngh cao khc, cng ngh nan v bn cht hm cha nhiu c trng k thut nh vy trong cng ngh. Nhm cc sn phmsp ti s rt phong ph v xm nhp vo hu ht cc lnh vc cng nghip. Sau y lmt s v d: sinh hc, sn phm cng ngh nano "hnh mu" ca tng lai l cc thit

b gi r hoc c th ti s dng, dng chn on phng bnh cho ngi. Cc thit bny gip Chnh ph gim chi ph cho y t, gip cc c nhn t theo di tnh trng sckho v gp phn vo s tin b ca ngnh y. Chip sinh hc nhn dng cc phn t,chui ADN hoc protein s dng chn on. Ging nh vi chip bn dn, chip sinh

hc pht trin theo xu hng tng cng nng theo thi gian, nh cc c ch gingnhau: din hot ng phn tch c th gim lin tc trong khi phm vi cng nng ligia tng.

Chip sinh hc s a nng ton din hn khi cc phn ng c th c thch nghi vinhu cu ca khch hng v chi ph tnh theo chc nng gim. Vi vic gim thiu kchthc hn na, cng ngh nano s c vai tr quan trng hn trong ngnh ch to. Vd, khi cn phn tch cht lng, cht lng phi i qua cc knh rt nh vi dung sai cp nano. Cc h thng vi cht lng nh vy s l cu phn xy dng c bn cho cc

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phng th nghim trn chip (lab-on-the-chip). Hin nay c th trng ny, c th lthit b dng sp xp chui ADN v chip protein, nhng chng cn rt t. Tuy nhin,iu ny s thay i khi cng ngh nano pht trin to c cc h thng vi cht lnghiu qu v cng ngh s c tim nng ln khi kt hp c s lng ln cm binsinh hc trn c s cc nguyn l khc nhau. Mt khi cng ngh chn mui c thsn xut vi chi ph thp, cc ng dng chc chn s l y hc d phng, kim nh ti ca thc phm, cm bin bo ng thng minh pht hin kh,v.v...

Nhiu n lc nghin cu khoa hc hin nay hng vo vic pht trin cc b mt vtliu tng thch sinh hc. Mc ch l to ra cc mng tng thch sinh hc thay thm ca ngi, dng cha tr cc tn thng. Cc b mt hu c ny c to cu trcnano c th l vt ch cho cc t bo sng, thc y s pht trin ca chng khic a vo trong c th.

Trong lnh vc cng ngh nano, vn kch thc rt quan trng. Mt nanmt bngmt phn t mt, tc l bng mt phn 75000 ng knh ca mt si tc ca ngi,trong khi cng ngh nano ni chung cp n k thut lin quan n cc vt liu ckch thc nh hn 100 nanmt. Bng cch ch to ra vt cht kch thc nh vy,cc nh nghin cu c th to ra cc vt liu chc chn hn, nh hn hay cng hn sovi vt liu thng thng. Cc hng nh Lee Jeans v Eddie Bauer cho ra loi qunkaki bng cht liu nan c kh nng chng li cht mu. Cht liu ny c x l

bng cc ht t mt cng ty mang tn Nano-Tex, cc ht ny c gn vo si c-tngv to ra mt bc ro chn c th y li c nhng k th t nhin ca cht liu sinh c ph, mc, phm mu... Cng ty m phm LO real a nhng vin nang nht xu cha y vitamin A vo trong cc loi kem dng m ca mnh c th thmtt hn trn da.

Nhng cho d nhng sn phm ny n , bao gm c mn chng nng trong sut vbng chi tennis c bn cao, c hu ch v l th bao nhiu i chng na, th chngcng kh c th pht trin thnh mt cuc cch mng cng nghip tip theo. Theo kin ca nh Bin tp Howard Lovy, ca t Small Times, th cc vt liu nano c sdng trong cc sn phm mn chng nng v vi kaki ch l mt bc tin tip theoca cc ngnh vt liu, ho cht v c th truy ngc ci ngun mt cht quay v vi

phin bn gc ca Eric Drexler - Tc gi ca cun sch "Engines of Creation" (Nhngng c sng to) xut bn nm 1986, trong ng nhn thy trc mt cuc cch

mng o ln t dui ln trong ngnh ch to. ng dng thut ng "cng nghnano phn t" phn bit s lp rp phm vi phn t vi vic s dng cc mng vvt liu c kch thc nano nhm cng c cc quy trnh c, ging nh vic ch tora loi qun bnh thng bng vt liu chng dy mu. Ngoi ra, cc cng ty angmin cng khc t mt c hi yu cu mt s i mi cho php h tnh gi thmt 20% n 30% vo cc sn phm hin ti ca h.iu tip thm sc cho cng vic kinh doanh chnh l cc gii php m cng nghnano c th dn ti cc phng php ch to vi mch mi hay thit k ra cc t bonng lng mt tri c hiu sut cao, nhng gi r lm gim cc chi ph nng

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lng. Mihail Rocco - ngi lnh o xc tin cng ngh nano, ang mun tm kimnhng tin b trong vic cung cp thuc vo c th tiu dit cc t bo ung thging nh mt ngi bn ta c bit. ng Rocco cho rng, cng ngh nano s c thko di tui th thm t 20 n 30 nm, bi v "chng ta c th thanh ton cn bnhAlzheimers v cc bnh v no khc".

Tt c cc tin b s cn phi ch hng thp k na nu tin trin theo hng tt.Vy lm cch no khng lu na cc sn phm ca ngy nay c th bin thnh mtth trng tr gi 1 nghn t USD. iu ng ngc nhin l con s ny c lp linhiu ln trong mt bo co ca Qu Khoa hc Quc gia (NSF) M nm 2001. Nhngnu xem xt k hn th c th thy l cc nh nghin cu ca NSF thc hin nhng

bc nhy vt thc s ln trong nim tin ca h. V d, h d bo rng, mt natrong tng sn lng thuc sn xut trong tng lai s ph thuc vo cng ngh nano,vi tr gi khong 180 t USD. Nhng iu ny khng ging vi vic pht biu rng,ngay lp tc s c mt th trng cc loi thuc mi tr gi 180 t USD. Theo kinca nh phn tch Mike Richardson thuc Hng t vnFreedonia, doanh thu trc tipt cng ngh nano c th s ln n 35 t USD vo nm 2020. Tuy nhin, ng cngtha nhn rng con s ny ch l suy on, bi v y l mt lnh vc hon ton chac khai ph.

Cho n nay, c nhiu cng ty rt thch con s 35 t USD, iu ny gii thch ti saotip u t "nano" c gn vo tn ca nhiu cng ty. V d, cng ty NanoPierceTechnologies, trc y mang tn Sunlight Systems, cng ngh ca h to ra cc milin kt gia cc vi mch v cc b phn in t khc c kch thc gn bng kchthc nano. Mt s cng ty khc mun gn thm ci tn nano cho cng ty mnh bi vh mun n u s bng n cng ngh nano v to cho cc sn phm ca h c tnhcnh tranh hn. Th d na: Hng ch to knh hin vi nguyn t Veeco Instruments,c doanh thu trong qu 2/2004 t 73,5 triu USD v Hng FEI trong cng giai oncng t c mt phn li nhun nh t vic bn sn phm knh hin vi chm tiain t ca mnh vi doanh thu 89,8 triu USD. Nhng tt c cc cng ty ni trn ul nhng ngi chi cn nh, c bit khi so snh vi IBM v Hewlett-Packard l cchng tin hnh rt nhiu nghin cu v cng ngh.

V th trng ng nano, Bo co mi nht ca Hng Business CommunicationCompany, Inc. nhan "ng nano: phng hng v cng ngh Nanotubes:

Directions and Technologies" nh gi: khi lng ng nano ng knh t 1 n300 nm (bao gm c 2 loi: n thnh vch v a thnh vch) sn xut trong na unm 2003 c tnh khong t 10 n 20 kg, tr gi 5-10 triu USD, khi lng snxut nm 2002 l 22,1 kg, tr gi 11,9 triu USD.

Th trng ng nano cacbon phn thnh 2 nhnh cng nghip: cng nghip vt liuphc v nghin cu cng ngh nano v cng nghip vt liu phc v nghin cu cclnh vc khc. Hin nay khi lng nano cacbon sn xut trn th gii cn nh b vigi thnh cn cao.

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Trn thc t, ng nano a thnh vch c ng dng t 5 nm nay lm thay itnh cht ca polyme. ng nano lm cho polyme tr thnh vt liu dn in, ngdng trong cng nghip my tnh, cng nghip sn xut a CD v cng nghip tng ho.

Bo co cng a ra d bo rng, trong thp k u ca th k 21, th trng nghincu ng nano s pht trin khng mnh bng th trng ng dng thng mi. Hinti, ng nano c kh nng ng dng thng mi rng ri trong cc lnh vc: vt liucomposit, k thut in t, c cu dn ng, mn hnh, knh hin vi, cquy, t in v

pin nhin liu.

Trong giai on hin nay, gi ch to ng nano cn kh cao ang l ro cn i vivic thng mi ho loi vt liu ny. Tuy nhin, d bo trong nhng nm ti y, gich to ng nano s h dn, hn na nu sn xut vi khi lng ln gi sn xut cntip tc h.

Gi tr th trng th gii v ng nano nm 2001 l 7 triu USD, 2002 l 11,9 triuUSD v d bo nm 2006 s l 231,5 triu USD.

Trong tng lai xa hn, th trng ng dng ng nano s tng ln c nhiu t USD.Trong vng 5 nm ti y, ng nano c th s thay th vi mch trn c s silic vtranzito hin nay. quy m ng dng rng hn na, ng nano s c s dng trongsn xut pin nhin liu. Ngoi ra, ng nano cn c th ng dng trong cng nghipquc phng.

M bt u quan tm thc y thng mi ha cng ngh nano

Nhng nm va qua, nh hot ng tch cc ca cc t chc nh Lin minh Doanhnghip Nano (LDN), m cng ngh nano M ri khi lnh a ca KH&CN thm nhp vo lnh a ca kinh doanh thng mi, ng thi gip a cc vn cacng ngh nano ln hng u trong chng trnh ngh s v chnh sch cng ngh.

Nhng ai am hiu v qu trnh i mi u bit rng nhng pht minh ln trongKH&CN mi ch l bc khi u ca s i mi cng ngh. Cc t chc nh LDN lnhng loi t chc c c ch to iu kin v ngun kinh ph gip a nhng kin

thc thu c t R&D thnh ra nhng sn phm v dch v, gip tng lng ca ci,pht trin kinh t v to ra cng n vic lm. Nhng t chc l nhng nhn t quantrng cho cng vic i mi.

Cc nh khoa hc, cc k s, cc doanh nghip v cc nh lm chnh sch ca c thnhph ln bang New York, nh tm nhn v quyt tm ca mnh to ra mt m hnhpht trin kinh t da vo cng ngh nano. Phn ng gp to ln y l thuc vThng c Pataki, ngi va qua c cun "The Nanotech Report 2002" nh gil mt trong nhng nhn vt c nh hng ln nht ti cng ngh nano. Theo ng

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Pataki, " Cng ngh nano c nhiu ha hn nht i vi s thnh vng trong tng laica New York v ca c dn tc". Vi nim tin nh vy, New York khng tic tinca v cng sc xy dng kt cu h tng, m bo cho cng ngh nano c th tngtrng, pht trin v nhn rng.

V khu vc hn lm: 3 trng i hc New York (Cornell, RPI, Columbia) cnhn nhng khon ti tr u tin ca NSF thnh lp cc trung tm cng nghnano. Ngoi ra, cc trng SUNY Albany, SUNY Buffalo v Alfret cng c ccchng trnh ln v cng ngh nano.

Cc doanh nghip ln: New York c mt s tp on ang u t mnh cho cng nghnano, v d IBM, Kodak, GE, Bausch&Lomb, Xerox v.v Cc cng ty khi s: Mtlot cc cng ty khi s, vi xut pht im t v s cc ti ng dng t cng nghnano. Cc t chc phi li nhun: New York l a im t tr s ca LDN, m cvn phng Ulster County. New York v ang l lnh a ca vi in t v c thni rng cng l lnh a nano ca c nc M: c 2 lnh a u c xc nh rtr pht trin, thng mi ho v gt hi cc li ch kinh t ca cng ngh nano angni ln. Tt c nhng iu gip em li nhng nhn nh di y: "Cch ttnht d bo tng lai l sng to ra tng lai ". Cu gi ny l ca Alan Kay

pht biu nm 1971 ti Hi ngh ca cc cn b v k s ca Cng ty Xerox. Cu niny lc ng: nhng n lc ca h gp phn quan trng lm thay ingnh cng ngh thng tin. V iu ny vn ng cho hm nay. Alan Kay cn c mtcu ni na cng rt ng v quan trng nh th, l: "Nhng ngi thc s thngminh v nu c cp kinh ph y s c th lm c hu ht mi vic."

Hin nay, nc M t ti mt giai on, trong cng ngh nano dnh c lngnhit tnh v ng h to ln. Tuy nhin, by gi cng l lc mi ngi bt u phn tchk lng hn tim nng kinh doanh ca n, bi mt s nhn t nh sau: Nano niln thnh mt s kin ln. C l y l tt cng ca cc cng ngh to ra nng lcmi, bi l n lin quan n nhng phn t c bn nht to nn s sng v vt cht.Kh m hnh dung ra c ngnh no khng lin n khi ta c c kh nng am hiuv khai thc c tim nng ca vt liu cp nano. Do vy, tc ng kinh t canano l ln lao. Cuc chy ua pht trin v thng mi ho nano c mt ngha toln i vi quc gia, doanh nghip v mi ngi. Vi nhng hm su xa nh vy,nhng li tuyn b lin quan n n khng th trnh khi s quan tm v xem xt.

Nhn xt

Trong khi M ang tip tc pht trin chnh sch v hp tc trong trin khai khoahc v cng ngh nano thng qua vic h tr mnh m trong iu hnh v chnhsch ca Chnh ph cng nh xy dng c s h tng trn ton nc M, th EC v

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khu vc chu -Thi Bnh Dng ang theo st M trong nh hng xy dngchnh sch v xy dng c s h tng cho chnh mnh. Din n v nano chu u2003 c t chc vo 9-12/12/2003 ti Trieste (Italia) thng bo r rng rngEC phi thc hin nhiu hn na cc bin php chin lc sao cho khng th tthu so vi M v Nht. TS. E. Andreta, Gim c Cc Cng ngh Cng nghip(EU) nhnmnh rng kin thc phi c chia s trn phm vi quc t v EU sm rng mng li ca n khng ch trong khi EU, m cn kt ni vi M, chu-Thi Bnh Dng, v cc chu lc khc.

K hoch Nghin cu v Trin khai cng ngh nano th k 21 c thng quathng 12/2003 ti Quc hi M, tuyn b m bo s lnh o ton cu caM trong vic pht trin v ng dng cng ngh nano v i u ca M trongnng lc sn xut v cnh tranh cng nghip do c u t n nh, thch hp vc iu phi cho cc nghin cu di hn v khoa hc v k thut cng nghnano. Chng ta ang nhn thy cng ngh nano ngy mt ang tr thnh mc tiutheo ui ton cu v ang pht trin mnh m.

S dn u ca M trong R&D cng ngh nano lm tng u t cho lnh vcny trn khp th gii, thi thc thc hin hng lot chng trnh nghin cu v ccsng kin quc gia mi ca th gii.

Khu vc chu -Thi Bnh Dng, mt khu vc c s pht trin kinh t nhanh, vis nhit tnh v nng ng so vi M, vi s a dng v vn ha v truyn thng sovi EU, chng ta phi bt u hp tc lm vic vi nhau theo phng thc phihp v lin kt cht ch hn. Chng ta phi trau di kin thc nghin cu a ngnhmt cch ng n v phi xy dng s lnh o ton cu v pht trin KH&CNnano thng qua s phi hp v hp tc ca khu vc mt cch chin lc hn.Chng ta hy vng rng Hi ngh Din n Thng nh v nano ca chu (ANFoS2004) s a tt c chng ta n mt tng lai tt p hn cho khu vc.

Bin son: TS. Phng Minh LaiCN. Phng Anh Tin

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Weekly Report, Commentary and Analysis on NanotechnologyActivities inside Asia Pacific Area written by Lerwen Liu, Ph.D.,a nanotech watcher and consultant. www.nanoworld.jp

2. Korea National Nanotechnology Initiative, 5/2004

3. Taiwan National Nanotechnology Initiative and InfrastructureSummary (5/ 2004)

4. India National Science and Technology Initiative (5/2004)5. Nanotechnology in Singapore,Asia Pacific Nanotech Weekly,

Vol.1, Singapore (2003)6. Current Status of Nanotech in Thailand,Asia Pacific Nanotech

Weekly, 2003-2004.7. Australian Nanotechnology Funding and Strategy, . Nano is

moving to the Center of Excellence in Australia. Asia PacificNanotech Weekly, Vol.1-2, #Australia (2003-2004).

8. The European Nanotechnology Gateway : Nanoforum,AsiaPacific Nanotech Weekly, Vol.1, #Europe (2003).

9. Status of Nanotech Industry in China. Leading NanotechResearch Center in China. Hong Kong Business EnteringNanospace.Asia Pacific Nanotech Weekly, Vol.1-2, #China(2003-2004).

10. Japan Nanotech Reaching the Highest Political andIndustrial, 5/ 2004. Japan Government Launched nanotechBusiness Strategy.Asia Pacific Nanotech Weekly, Vol.1-2,#Japan (2003-2004).

11. Malaysia Nanotechnology Part 1, Part 2, Part 3.Asia

Pacific Nanotech Weekly, Vol.1-2, #Malaysia (2003-2004).12. Taiwan National Nanotechnology Initiative andInfrastructure. Taiwan ITRI Gaining Speed in NanotechnologyIndustrialization.Asia Pacific Nanotech Weekly, Vol.1-2,#Taiwan (2003-2004).

13. Trends in Nanotechnology Market and Start-Ups.AsiaPacific Nanotech Weekly, Vol.1, #World (2003). .

14. . Tech Monitor, 2002. MRS, No 8/200415. Nanotech Market, Tech Monitor, 2003, No 3.16. U.S. News & World Report, 12/200317. Nanotechnology and Nano economy,

18.19. www.saigontimes.com.vn/tbktsg/ detail.asp?

muc=11&Sobao=717&SoTT=26 - 63k20. http://irv.moi.gov.vn/socuoithang/toancanhkhcn/2004/3/1

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Tong Quan Cong Nghe Nano - 2004