Today’s Warm-Up!Today’s Warm-Up!

►Based on what you know about Based on what you know about the Roaring 20’s, how would you the Roaring 20’s, how would you explain why historians use the explain why historians use the word “roaring” to describe this word “roaring” to describe this time in U.S. History?time in U.S. History?

Answer in 3-4 sentences with Answer in 3-4 sentences with examples from discussion and notesexamples from discussion and notes

““Roaring 20’s”Roaring 20’s”

Social, Social, Economic and Economic and

Political Political Changes in Changes in AMERICA AMERICA

during THE during THE 1920S1920S

Post WWI Post WWI Problems/TrendsProblems/Trends

► Problems in BusinessProblems in Business:: Recession: Recession:

►Wages Stay the SameWages Stay the Same

►Surplus of Farm Surplus of Farm Products = Prices DropProducts = Prices Drop

►Shortage of Everyday Shortage of Everyday Goods = Prices Go UpGoods = Prices Go Up

►Unemployment Unemployment Increases (2 million Increases (2 million Veterans)Veterans)

Post WWI Post WWI Problems/TrendsProblems/Trends cont.cont.

►Demobilization:Demobilization: Reduction in the size Reduction in the size

of militaryof military Veterans in need of Veterans in need of

JobsJobs Women laid offWomen laid off Veterans resent Veterans resent

Immigrants/African Immigrants/African AmericansAmericans►Quota System Quota System Started Started

allowing a limited allowing a limited number of Immigrants number of Immigrants per year)per year)

Post WWI Problems/Trends Post WWI Problems/Trends cont.cont.

►Unions & StrikesUnions & Strikes Steel Workers Strike Steel Workers Strike

(300,000 workers)(300,000 workers)

Coal Strike (United Coal Strike (United Mine Workers Mine Workers Union)Union)

Boston Police StrikeBoston Police Strike►Government Government

Intervenes Intervenes

Problems and Trends Problems and Trends cont..cont..

►US Foreign Policy:US Foreign Policy: IsolationismIsolationism

►The belief we The belief we should distance should distance ourselves from ourselves from world affairs & world affairs & focus on life at focus on life at homehome..

Problems and Trends Problems and Trends cont..cont..

►Nativism Nativism (Xenophobia- (Xenophobia- prejudice against prejudice against foreign-born people)foreign-born people)

►Red Scare- fear of Red Scare- fear of CommunismCommunism Palmer RaidsPalmer Raids Sacco & VanzettiSacco & Vanzetti

Presidents of the 1920’sPresidents of the 1920’s

►Style of Leadership:Style of Leadership: Much different than the Presidents in Much different than the Presidents in

the Progressive Era (Active)the Progressive Era (Active)

““Laissez Faire”Laissez Faire”►Laid back approachLaid back approach►Government Hands off approachGovernment Hands off approach►Let the country (corporations) run itselfLet the country (corporations) run itself►Desire to make money outweighed Desire to make money outweighed

everythingeverything

Warren G. Harding- 29Warren G. Harding- 29thth President, Rep.President, Rep.

► Return to NormalcyReturn to Normalcy► Kellogg-Briand Pact: Kellogg-Briand Pact:

agreement which agreement which countries promised not countries promised not to use war to resolve to use war to resolve disputes or conflictsdisputes or conflicts

► Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal ““Ohio Gang”Ohio Gang” Biggest presidential Biggest presidential

scandal before scandal before Watergate Watergate (1972)(1972)

Calvin Coolidge- 30Calvin Coolidge- 30thth President, Rep.President, Rep.

►Nickname: “Silent Nickname: “Silent Cal”Cal”

► Completes term of Completes term of Harding, elected Harding, elected 19241924

►Most Prosperous Most Prosperous time of 1920’stime of 1920’s

► Urban Population bigger Urban Population bigger than Rural for the first than Rural for the first time in US history!time in US history!

Herbert Hoover- Herbert Hoover- 3131stst President, Rep.President, Rep.

► Defeated Alfred Defeated Alfred Smith (Catholic) in Smith (Catholic) in 1928…xenophobia1928…xenophobia

► Promise: “Chicken in Promise: “Chicken in every pot, Car in every pot, Car in every garage”every garage”

► In office in 1929 In office in 1929 “The Crash”“The Crash”

Boom Years of 20’sBoom Years of 20’s

►3 Reason’s for the “Boom”:3 Reason’s for the “Boom”:

1st 1st ReasonReasonLaissez Faire government hands off Laissez Faire government hands off business business form of Government- very form of Government- very little interference, businesses had a little interference, businesses had a free hand.free hand.

Boom Years of 20’sBoom Years of 20’s

►3 Reason’s for the “Boom”:3 Reason’s for the “Boom”:

2nd2nd Reason ReasonHigh Tariff Rates- forced people to buy High Tariff Rates- forced people to buy “American” products “American” products (problem…(problem…Imports/Exports suffer)Imports/Exports suffer)

Boom Years of 20’sBoom Years of 20’s

►3 Reason’s for the “Boom”:3 Reason’s for the “Boom”:

3rd3rd Reason ReasonLow Income Taxes, Higher Wages Low Income Taxes, Higher Wages (people had more money to spend)(people had more money to spend)

Example of SuccessExample of Success

►Henry Ford:Henry Ford: Produced 15 million Produced 15 million

Model T’sModel T’s Assembly Line kept Assembly Line kept

costs down ($290 for costs down ($290 for a car)a car)

1927, Ford 1927, Ford introduces the Model introduces the Model “A” ($495 for a car)“A” ($495 for a car)

World’s Automobile World’s Automobile Industry #1 in US Industry #1 in US until 1970!until 1970!

Impact of AutomobileImpact of Automobile

► Steel, Glass, Steel, Glass, Rubber sales soarRubber sales soar

►Oil industry boomsOil industry booms► City Growth City Growth

(Detroit triples)(Detroit triples)► Suburb growth Suburb growth ► Tourism Industry Tourism Industry

growsgrows► Jobs, Jobs, Jobs!!!!Jobs, Jobs, Jobs!!!!

Economic ProblemsEconomic Problems

► False Economy:False Economy: Early 1900’s = Early 1900’s =

borrowing money borrowing money not respectablenot respectable

Late 1920’s = Late 1920’s = payment Plans payment Plans (90% of goods (90% of goods bought on credit)bought on credit)

Advertising Advertising encourages “Buy encourages “Buy now, pay later”now, pay later”

Review QuestionsReview Questions1.1. Name 3 of the Post WWI Problems/Trends we Name 3 of the Post WWI Problems/Trends we

discussed and give an example of onediscussed and give an example of one

2.2. Who was 1 president during the “roaring 20’s Who was 1 president during the “roaring 20’s and what was their leadership approach?and what was their leadership approach?

3.3. What were the 3 reasons for the “Boom”What were the 3 reasons for the “Boom”

4.4. Thought QuestionThought Question: In 2-3 sentences, write why : In 2-3 sentences, write why you think historians refer to the 1920’s as the you think historians refer to the 1920’s as the “Roaring 20’s”“Roaring 20’s”

1920’s Life1920’s Life

►Prohibition Era:Prohibition Era: 1818thth Amendment made selling buying Amendment made selling buying

and consuming alcohol illegal and consuming alcohol illegal Came from the Progressive Era Came from the Progressive Era

(Temperance Mvmt.)(Temperance Mvmt.) Belief: Alcohol Causes…Belief: Alcohol Causes…

►CrimeCrime►AbuseAbuse►AccidentsAccidents►Social ProblemsSocial Problems

Enforcing ProhibitionEnforcing Prohibition

► Volstead Act (law)Volstead Act (law) Treasury DepartmentTreasury Department Prohibition BureauProhibition Bureau 1,500 agents along 1,500 agents along

with…with… Local PoliceLocal Police Problem…Problem…

► Not enough agentsNot enough agents► Police not always Police not always

cooperativecooperative► Not everyone agreed Not everyone agreed

with Prohibitionwith Prohibition

Reaction to ProhibitionReaction to Prohibition

► Bootlegging: made Bootlegging: made illegally or smuggled inillegally or smuggled in

► Al Capone (Chicago)- Al Capone (Chicago)- Public Enemy #1Public Enemy #1

► Speakeasies- Speakeasies- underground night underground night clubs/saloonsclubs/saloons

► 1818thth Amendment Amendment backfires and crime backfires and crime increasesincreases

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Women of the 1920’sWomen of the 1920’s

► Liberation!!!Liberation!!! 1919thth Amendment Amendment

(Vote for Women)(Vote for Women) Before 1920 (double Before 1920 (double

standard for women)standard for women) Job OpportunitiesJob Opportunities Re-structured homesRe-structured homes

Flappers: Flappers: emancipated emancipated young woman who young woman who embraced the new embraced the new fashions and urban fashions and urban attitudesattitudes

1920’s Fads1920’s Fads

►RadioRadio First Introduced in First Introduced in

19201920 #1 consumer item#1 consumer item 1920 1920

1930 = 40% of US 1930 = 40% of US had a radiohad a radio

Connected America Connected America (East and West)…(East and West)…news, comedies, news, comedies, dramas, sportsdramas, sports

1920’s Fads cont…1920’s Fads cont…

► Jazz Age:Jazz Age: New music style of New music style of

20’s20’s First heard in First heard in

HarlemHarlem

““Duke” Ellington, Duke” Ellington, Bessie Smith, Louis Bessie Smith, Louis ArmstrongArmstrong

““Charleston”- new Charleston”- new style of dancestyle of dance

videovideovideovideo

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

► Exposure of Black Exposure of Black Culture:Culture: Musicians/MusicMusicians/Music AuthorsAuthors ArtistsArtists

First time US was First time US was exposed to black exposed to black culture in a culture in a positive lightpositive light

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Sports Stars of 20’sSports Stars of 20’s Sports became Much more Sports became Much more

popular because popular because of Radioof Radio Baseball still #1Baseball still #1

Boxing #2Boxing #2

Women athletes celebrated Women athletes celebrated for first timefor first time

Negro League BaseballNegro League Baseball

Babe Ruth #1 sports Babe Ruth #1 sports celebritycelebrity

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Other CelebritiesOther Celebrities

► Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh First Flight across the First Flight across the

AtlanticAtlantic New York to ParisNew York to Paris Plane was named Plane was named

Spirit of St.LouisSpirit of St.Louis Biggest celebrity Biggest celebrity

achievementachievement

Amelia Earhart Amelia Earhart disappears disappears attempting to fly attempting to fly around the worldaround the world

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Urban vs. Rural ConflictUrban vs. Rural ConflictUrban Characteristics Rural Characteristics

-Liberal

-Experimental

-new fashion

-resented prohibition,

- looked down on Rural

-Became majority in the

20’s

-Conservative

-religious

-old-fashioned/traditional

-resented changes

coming from cities

-Became a minority in the

20’s

Urban vs. Rural cont…Urban vs. Rural cont…

► FundamentalistFundamentalist Deeply religiousDeeply religious Hold on to traditionHold on to tradition

► Extreme Extreme FundamentalistsFundamentalists Ku Klux Klan: Ku Klux Klan: Extreme Extreme

fundamentalist groupfundamentalist group

►4.5 million 4.5 million members members at its peak during the at its peak during the 1920’s1920’s

Scope’s Monkey TrialScope’s Monkey Trial

►Rural v. Urban Rural v. Urban example:example: John T. Scopes John T. Scopes

(teacher, (teacher, Tennessee)Tennessee)

Taught evolutionTaught evolution Illegal in TennesseeIllegal in Tennessee Case brought Case brought

nationalnational attentionattention►Theories of Bible vs. Theories of Bible vs.

Modern ScienceModern Science Scopes eventually Scopes eventually

found guilty ($100)found guilty ($100)

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Table of contentsTable of contents

20’s Slang Project20’s Slang ProjectDate 1/28/13

Page: 35

20’s Slang Assignment20’s Slang AssignmentStep 1: Step 1: Review slang wordsReview slang words

Step 2: Step 2: pick a partner (or you can work pick a partner (or you can work individually)individually)

Step 3: Step 3: Write a conversation Write a conversation that makes that makes sense sense between 2 people using the slang between 2 people using the slang vocabulary wordsvocabulary words

5-9 5-9 words=Fwords=F

10-1510-15 slang words used=D slang words used=D

16-2016-20 slang words used=C slang words used=C

21-2521-25 slang words used=B slang words used=B

26-30+ 26-30+ slang words used=A (extra credit)slang words used=A (extra credit)