Today’s Speakers:Dr. David Swayne Director of the Southeast Poultry Research LaboratoryU.S. Department of Agriculture

Dr. Elizabeth KrushinskieVice President, Food Safety and Production ProgramsU.S. Poultry and Egg Association

James H. SumnerPresidentUSA Poultry & Egg Export Council

The Science of Avian Influenza: Busting the Myths

Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory

Agricultural Research Service

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Athens, Georgia

Avian Influenza (AI)

• Small RNA virus

• Surface spikes –hemagglutinin & neuraminidase proteins

• 16 hemagglutinin and 9 neuraminidase subtypes – Ex. H5N1, H9N2, H7N7

• Vary in severity of disease: – Low Pathogenicity (LP)– High Pathogenicity (HP)

Swayne, D.E. Understanding the ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza viruses: implications for zoonotic potential. In: Emerging Infectious Diseases of Animals. pp. 101-130, ASM Press, 2000.

Concepts

• Exposure: access to the virus strain • Adaptation: progressive genetic changes in a virus strain that result in increasing efficiencies of replication in a host species• Infectivity: ability of the virus strain to infect and replicate in a particular host species• Transmissibility: natural host-to-host spread• Pathogenicity: ability to produce lesions, disease and/or death in a host

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

• Outdoor rearing• Outdoor access• Wild bird access to buildings• Environmental exposure

Exposure

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

LPAIV(H1-16)

• Outdoor rearing• Outdoor access• Wild bird access to buildings• Environmental exposure

Adaptation

Exposure

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

LPAIV(H1-16)

• Outdoor rearing• Outdoor access• Wild bird access to buildings• Environmental exposure

Adaptation

Exposure

Critical Factors• Infectivity for the host (quantity of virus replication directly associated with pathogenicity)

• Receptor binding sites (HA) + host cell receptors

• AI viruses bind to α2,3-galactose linkage receptors on cells• Swine and human influenzavirus A bind to α2,6-galactose linkage receptors• Other receptors contribute to host species and cell type specificity?

• Cleavage of HA: HA0 → HA1 + HA2 (Trypsin-like vs. Furin proteases) needed for infectivity• Replication machinery (polymerase complex - PB1, PB2 & PBA)

http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/research/1918flu_smaller.gif

Host Adaptation & Transmission of Influenza A Viruses

• Most Common: Intraspecies, e.g. human-to-human, pig-to-pig, chicken-to-chicken, etc.

• Occasional: Interspecies & intraclass, e.g. pig-to-human, wild-mallard-to-domestic turkey, etc.

• Recently, but rarely: Interspecies & interclass, e.g. bird-to-human, bird-to-pig, etc.

• Conclusion: Influenza viruses express host adaptation to various levels

Introduction from Wild Bird Reservoir

Wild bird → poultry: adaptation requiredMinnesota Turkeys: first infections incidental

50% bird infectious dose (BID50)

•A/mallard/Ohio/338/86 (H4N8)• Egg-type chickens – 108.3 EID50• Broiler chickens – 104.4 EID50

• Turkeys – 104.0 EID50

• A/mallard/Ohio/184/86 (H5N1)• Egg-type chickens – 107.6 EID50

•Broiler chickens – 106.7 EID50•Turkeys – 104.2 EID50

Need transfer species: Domestic Duck, Turkey, others

Adaptation is a Spectrum

But with adaptation to poultry, the infectivity still varies with host

species 50% bird infectious dose (BID50)

A/turkey/Virginia/158512/02 (H7N2) LPAIVEgg-type chickens – 102.8 (631) EID50

Broiler chickens – 103.2 (1585) EID50

Turkeys – 100.82 (6.6) EID50

(Av Dis 48:167-176, 2004)

Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza

• Respiratory disease• Reproductive disease

FMI 8-05

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

LPAIV(H1-16)

Adaptation

HPAIV (H5/H7)

HAMutation

Mechanism LPAIV → HPAIV

Virus Virulence Hemagglutinin Sequence Glycos. 11-13Hidalgo 5/94

Puebla 11/94

Queretaro 19/95

Queretaro 20/95

Low

Int.

High

High

Pro-Gln................Arg-Glu-Thr-Arg/Gly

Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Arg/Gly

Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Arg/Gly

Pro-Gln-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Lys-Thr-Arg/Gly

+

+

+

+

1. Insertion of extra basic amino acids in HA cleavage site and substitutions of non-basic with basic

Example - Mexico 1994

Mechanism LPAIV → HPAIV

Virus Virulence HA Sequence Glycos. 11

A/Ck/PA/1/83

A/Ck/PA/1370/83

Low

High

Pro-Gln-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg/Gly

Pro-Gln-Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg/Gly

+

-

2. Loss of sugar group on site that covers HA cleavage area. Example - USA 1983

3. Insertion of abundant extraneous genetic information – recombination. Example - Chile 2002

PathotypeLPAIHPAI

IVPI0.0

2.8-3.0

Hemagglutinin SequencePEKPKTR*GLPEKPKTCSPLSRCRKTR/GLPEKPKTCSPLSRCRETR/GL

High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza

• Severe depression, no feed consumption

• High death losses

Ilaria Capua

• Swollen comb/wattle, head & legs

• Hemorrhage of legs

FMI 8-05

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

LPAIV(H1-16)

Adaptation

HPAIV (H5/H7)

HAMutation

6 HPAI (1959-83) -No disease and poor replication in ducksAlexander et al. Av. Pathol. 15:647-662, 1986

Ecology and Epidemiology

LPAIV

LPAIV(H1-16)

Adaptation

HPAIV (H5/H7)

HAMutation

Key: Exposure to Domestic Waterfowl

Asian H5N1 HPAIV

Re-adaptation

24 HPAI Epizootics1. 1959-Scotland, H5N1 2. 1961-S. Africa, H5N33. 1963-England, H7N34. 1966-Canada, H5N95.1975-Australia, H7N76. 1979-England, H7N7*7. 1983-84 - USA, H5N28. 1983-Ireland, H5N89. 1985-Australia, H7N710. 1991-England, H5N111. 1992-Australia, H7N312. 1994-Australia, H7N3*13. 1994-95-Mexico, H5N2

14. 1995, 2001 & 2004 –Pakistan, H7N3

15. 1997-Australia, H7N416. 1997-Italy, H5N2**17. 1996-2005 – Asia/Europe,

H5N1*18. 1999-2000 - Italy, H7N1*19. 2002 - Chile, H7N3*20. 2003 – Netherlands, H7N7*21. 2004 – USA, H5N2*22. 2004 – Canada, H7N323. 2004 – S. Africa, H5N224. 2005 – N. Korea, H7N7*LPAIV ⇒⇒⇒⇒HPAIV**Largest epizootic in 50 yrs

§Epizootic defined a disease in poultry caused by distinct HPAI virus lineage

� Hong Kong: 1997, 2001-3 (H5N1)� S. Korea: 2003-4 (H5N1)� Vietnam: 2004-5 (H5N1)� Japan: 2004 (H5N1)� Thailand: 2004-5 (H5N1)� Cambodia: 2004-5 (H5N1)� Laos: 2004-5 (H5N1)� Taiwan: 2003 & 5 (H5N1)� Indonesia: 2003-5 (H5N1)� China: 1996-2005 (H5N1)� Malaysia: 2004 (H5N1)� Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan: 2005 (H5N1)� Turkey, Romania, Croatia: 2005 (H5N1)

Asian HPAI Epizootics

�Total dead or culled: 100-200m�Endemic in village poultry and domestic ducks

H5N1 HPAI

Mongolian H5N1 in Wild Birds • Mongolia – 2 August 2005

• Erkhel Lake • Whooper swans, Bar-headed geese, Ruddy Shelduck, Herring gulls• H5N1 HPAI virus - swan• Virus (IHC) - autonomic nerves of intestine, heart muscle, pancreatic glandular epithelium, and inflammatory cells in the pneumonic lung• Killed 8/8 IV cks in 27 hrs• Neurological disease w/ death 7/8 IN 2 wk old Pekin ducks• Pericardial fluid – dk and swans

˙

• AI viruses are composed of diversely different HA & NA subtypes and pathotypes

• Most AI viruses are LP

• AI viruses are host adapted, but they can cross between species and re-adapt

• Some LP H5 and H7 AI virus have mutated to HP

• There have been 24 epizootics of HPAI in the past 50 years

• The Asian H5N1 HPAI virus has spread into northern and western Asia, and eastern Europe, with evidence of involvement of migratory birds

Summary

Thank You For You Attention!

U.S. Poultry IndustryPreparedness for an HPAIOutbreak

Elizabeth A. Krushinskie, DVM, PhD, dip ACPVVP, Food Safety & Production Programs

US Poultry & Egg Association

Overview� U.S. Poultry Industry Structure

� Advantages and Disadvantages� Response to HPAI outbreaks� Summary

U.S. Poultry Industry Structure- Advantages� Modern integrated agricultural system

� Birds owned by agribusiness (integrator)� Major facilities owned by agribusiness

� Feed mill, hatchery, processing plant� Growers dedicated to specific processing plants

� Contracted to single company� Small number of people tend large numbers of birds� Single-age, all-in all-out production scheme� Avg 60 mile radius of feedmill/plant

U.S. Poultry Industry Structure- Advantages

� Closed system� NOT traded in livestock markets� Little cross-over between complexes/companies

� AgriBUSINESS� Morbidity, mortality, daily gain, feed

conversion, condemnations etc all closelymonitored

� Measured in hundreds of a cent ($0.0001)� Problems identified and responded to quickly

U.S. Poultry Industry Structure- Advantages� Effective prevention programs in place

� Strong veterinary/health oversight� Company veterinarians trained in poultry medicine

� Enclosed housing� Bird-proof, no access to outdoors (wildlife)

� Extensive biosecurity programs� Limited access to poultry houses� Dedicated clothing, boots etc� Limited sharing of equipment� Contact with psittacines/other fowl prohibited

U.S. Poultry Industry Structure- Advantages� Extensive and modern diagnostic network

� Company laboratories� State veterinary diagnostic laboratories� Federal veterinary diagnostic laboratory

� Extensive surveillance programs in place� USDA-APHIS NPIP program

� Breeders and market birds� State programs

� Active and passive surveillance

U.S. Poultry Industry Structure- Disadvantages� Just in time production scheme

� Large numbers of birds processed daily� Large number of birds in one flock� Large number of flocks on a premise� Often grown in concentrated poultry

production areas� Delmarva, Shenandoah Valley, Arkansas

� Euthanasia and disposal of large flocks can bechallenging

Industry Response Plans� HPAI Response Plans

� Already developed in poultry producingstates

� Industry association/State cooperative effort� Tested by recent LPAI outbreaks in several

states� VA, NC, MD, DE, TX, PA, CA

� Continuously reviewed and improved

Industry Response Plans� Contain provisions for:

� Immediate quarantine of affected and at-risk premises

� Rapid depopulation and disposal ofinfected birds

� Effective cleaning and disinfection ofpremise prior to re-stocking

� Heightened surveillance of surrounding at-risk flocks

Summary� U.S. poultry industry has several

inherent advantages due to its modernintegrated agricultural productionsystem� Inherent firewalls in the system

� Factors affecting cost of production areclosely monitored so a disease outbreakwill not be missed

Summary� Extensive prevention, surveillance, and

response systems are already in placeand have been tested

� Introduction and significant spread ofAsian HPAI in the U.S. commercialpoultry production system is unlikely tohappen

AI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsAI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsAI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsAI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsSome countries irresponsibly banned all imports:Some countries irresponsibly banned all imports:Some countries irresponsibly banned all imports:Some countries irresponsibly banned all imports:

� IraqIraqIraqIraq� UkraineUkraineUkraineUkraine� VietnamVietnamVietnamVietnam� Sri Lanka & LebanonSri Lanka & LebanonSri Lanka & LebanonSri Lanka & Lebanon

AI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsAI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsAI’s Impact on Foreign MarketsAI’s Impact on Foreign Marketsother countries suffer from consumer resistance:other countries suffer from consumer resistance:other countries suffer from consumer resistance:other countries suffer from consumer resistance:

� Middle EastMiddle EastMiddle EastMiddle East� RomaniaRomaniaRomaniaRomania� ChinaChinaChinaChina� RussiaRussiaRussiaRussia

AI & theAI & theAI & theAI & theWorld Organization for Animal Health (OIE)World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)

---- In May 2005, the OIE approved a newIn May 2005, the OIE approved a newIn May 2005, the OIE approved a newIn May 2005, the OIE approved a newchapter for Avian Influenzachapter for Avian Influenzachapter for Avian Influenzachapter for Avian Influenza

---- Includes reporting requirementsIncludes reporting requirementsIncludes reporting requirementsIncludes reporting requirements

AI and the World Organizationfor Animal Health (OIE)

The new OIE Code chapter for AI recognizes:1. Poultry meat and table eggs are not a vehicles

for transmission of LPAI2. Only Low Path H5 and H7 subtypes are of

consequence3. Even if H5 or H7 subtypes are identified, trade

should continue

IRAQIRAQIRAQIRAQ� After AI was found in Turkey, Iraq banned on all poultryAfter AI was found in Turkey, Iraq banned on all poultryAfter AI was found in Turkey, Iraq banned on all poultryAfter AI was found in Turkey, Iraq banned on all poultry

imports.imports.imports.imports.� USAPEEC worked to open up the market, which is 25,000USAPEEC worked to open up the market, which is 25,000USAPEEC worked to open up the market, which is 25,000USAPEEC worked to open up the market, which is 25,000

metric tons per month.metric tons per month.metric tons per month.metric tons per month.� Set precedent for other countries to follow OIE regulationsSet precedent for other countries to follow OIE regulationsSet precedent for other countries to follow OIE regulationsSet precedent for other countries to follow OIE regulations� Demand down by 30%Demand down by 30%Demand down by 30%Demand down by 30%

UKRAINEUKRAINEUKRAINEUKRAINE� The UkrainianThe UkrainianThe UkrainianThe Ukrainian RadaRadaRadaRada (parliament) proposed a six(parliament) proposed a six(parliament) proposed a six(parliament) proposed a six----monthmonthmonthmonth

ban on all poultry products.ban on all poultry products.ban on all poultry products.ban on all poultry products.� Pres.Pres.Pres.Pres. YuschenkoYuschenkoYuschenkoYuschenko vetoed ban bill after pressure from U.S.vetoed ban bill after pressure from U.S.vetoed ban bill after pressure from U.S.vetoed ban bill after pressure from U.S.

government, saying it did not comply with OIE.government, saying it did not comply with OIE.government, saying it did not comply with OIE.government, saying it did not comply with OIE.� Poultry imports to Ukraine range from 700Poultry imports to Ukraine range from 700Poultry imports to Ukraine range from 700Poultry imports to Ukraine range from 700----1,500 tons1,500 tons1,500 tons1,500 tons

per month.per month.per month.per month.� Several H5N1 outbreaks in December.Several H5N1 outbreaks in December.Several H5N1 outbreaks in December.Several H5N1 outbreaks in December.� TheTheTheThe RadaRadaRadaRada has again proposed a similar ban…we’re hopinghas again proposed a similar ban…we’re hopinghas again proposed a similar ban…we’re hopinghas again proposed a similar ban…we’re hoping

it, too, gets vetoed.it, too, gets vetoed.it, too, gets vetoed.it, too, gets vetoed.

VIETNAMVIETNAMVIETNAMVIETNAM� Vietnam banned imports of all poultry products inVietnam banned imports of all poultry products inVietnam banned imports of all poultry products inVietnam banned imports of all poultry products in

November.November.November.November.� Ban lifted as of Jan. 5 on processed poultry.Ban lifted as of Jan. 5 on processed poultry.Ban lifted as of Jan. 5 on processed poultry.Ban lifted as of Jan. 5 on processed poultry.� USAPEEC members donated poultry to the VietnameseUSAPEEC members donated poultry to the VietnameseUSAPEEC members donated poultry to the VietnameseUSAPEEC members donated poultry to the Vietnamese

Poultry Association to be auctioned to aid in AI fight.Poultry Association to be auctioned to aid in AI fight.Poultry Association to be auctioned to aid in AI fight.Poultry Association to be auctioned to aid in AI fight.� Based on commitments made between USAPEEC andBased on commitments made between USAPEEC andBased on commitments made between USAPEEC andBased on commitments made between USAPEEC and

VIPA, we’re asking for lifting ban on all AIVIPA, we’re asking for lifting ban on all AIVIPA, we’re asking for lifting ban on all AIVIPA, we’re asking for lifting ban on all AI----free countriesfree countriesfree countriesfree countries

SRI LANKA & LEBANONSRI LANKA & LEBANONSRI LANKA & LEBANONSRI LANKA & LEBANON� Sri Lanka currently has a ban on imports of poultrySri Lanka currently has a ban on imports of poultrySri Lanka currently has a ban on imports of poultrySri Lanka currently has a ban on imports of poultry

(fresh, frozen and products).(fresh, frozen and products).(fresh, frozen and products).(fresh, frozen and products).

� Lebanon just last week banned all imports of poultry andLebanon just last week banned all imports of poultry andLebanon just last week banned all imports of poultry andLebanon just last week banned all imports of poultry andpoultry products. (Poultry meat, table eggs and hatchingpoultry products. (Poultry meat, table eggs and hatchingpoultry products. (Poultry meat, table eggs and hatchingpoultry products. (Poultry meat, table eggs and hatchingeggs).eggs).eggs).eggs).

MIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EASTMIDDLE EAST� U.S. poultry consumption in Middle East affected byU.S. poultry consumption in Middle East affected byU.S. poultry consumption in Middle East affected byU.S. poultry consumption in Middle East affected by

adverse media coverage.adverse media coverage.adverse media coverage.adverse media coverage.� Prior to AI issue, monthly consumption of poultryPrior to AI issue, monthly consumption of poultryPrior to AI issue, monthly consumption of poultryPrior to AI issue, monthly consumption of poultry

products made up 7% of total meat consumption.products made up 7% of total meat consumption.products made up 7% of total meat consumption.products made up 7% of total meat consumption.� After Nov. 7, 2005, certain Middle Eastern marketsAfter Nov. 7, 2005, certain Middle Eastern marketsAfter Nov. 7, 2005, certain Middle Eastern marketsAfter Nov. 7, 2005, certain Middle Eastern markets

experienced 40% drops in consumption compared to preexperienced 40% drops in consumption compared to preexperienced 40% drops in consumption compared to preexperienced 40% drops in consumption compared to pre----AI levels.AI levels.AI levels.AI levels.

MIDDLE EAST, cont.MIDDLE EAST, cont.MIDDLE EAST, cont.MIDDLE EAST, cont.

� Consumers are shifting toward seafood, beef andConsumers are shifting toward seafood, beef andConsumers are shifting toward seafood, beef andConsumers are shifting toward seafood, beef andlamb.lamb.lamb.lamb.Importers are facing low demand for U.S. poultryImporters are facing low demand for U.S. poultryImporters are facing low demand for U.S. poultryImporters are facing low demand for U.S. poultryproducts.products.products.products.

� The price of one metric ton of chicken legThe price of one metric ton of chicken legThe price of one metric ton of chicken legThe price of one metric ton of chicken legquarters decreased from $1,100 to $800 due toquarters decreased from $1,100 to $800 due toquarters decreased from $1,100 to $800 due toquarters decreased from $1,100 to $800 due toAI.AI.AI.AI.

� Competing suppliers, such as Brazil, decreasedCompeting suppliers, such as Brazil, decreasedCompeting suppliers, such as Brazil, decreasedCompeting suppliers, such as Brazil, decreasedtheir prices by 10%.their prices by 10%.their prices by 10%.their prices by 10%.

ROMANIA, no bans but…ROMANIA, no bans but…ROMANIA, no bans but…ROMANIA, no bans but…� 10 confirmed outbreaks of H5N1 in last 2 months.10 confirmed outbreaks of H5N1 in last 2 months.10 confirmed outbreaks of H5N1 in last 2 months.10 confirmed outbreaks of H5N1 in last 2 months.� Imported chicken stocks higher than usual; demand slowly rising.Imported chicken stocks higher than usual; demand slowly rising.Imported chicken stocks higher than usual; demand slowly rising.Imported chicken stocks higher than usual; demand slowly rising.� Avg. price dropped 25%Avg. price dropped 25%Avg. price dropped 25%Avg. price dropped 25%----40%; sale volume declined 30%40%; sale volume declined 30%40%; sale volume declined 30%40%; sale volume declined 30%----45%.45%.45%.45%.� Normal monthly consumption=33,500 tons.Normal monthly consumption=33,500 tons.Normal monthly consumption=33,500 tons.Normal monthly consumption=33,500 tons.� Avg. monthly domestic production=20,000 tons.Avg. monthly domestic production=20,000 tons.Avg. monthly domestic production=20,000 tons.Avg. monthly domestic production=20,000 tons.� Avg. monthly imports=13,500 tons, of which 7,700 tons is U.S.Avg. monthly imports=13,500 tons, of which 7,700 tons is U.S.Avg. monthly imports=13,500 tons, of which 7,700 tons is U.S.Avg. monthly imports=13,500 tons, of which 7,700 tons is U.S.

Action taken:Action taken:Action taken:Action taken:� USAPEEC placed ads with message that properly cookedUSAPEEC placed ads with message that properly cookedUSAPEEC placed ads with message that properly cookedUSAPEEC placed ads with message that properly cooked

poultry is safe to eat. Also, freezer stickers sent topoultry is safe to eat. Also, freezer stickers sent topoultry is safe to eat. Also, freezer stickers sent topoultry is safe to eat. Also, freezer stickers sent toRomanian importers.Romanian importers.Romanian importers.Romanian importers.

CHINACHINACHINACHINA� Consumer reaction to bird flu is mixed dependConsumer reaction to bird flu is mixed dependConsumer reaction to bird flu is mixed dependConsumer reaction to bird flu is mixed dependinginginging onononon

education and age.education and age.education and age.education and age.� USAPEEC is distributing posters with informationUSAPEEC is distributing posters with informationUSAPEEC is distributing posters with informationUSAPEEC is distributing posters with information

about proper handling instructions for poultry meat atabout proper handling instructions for poultry meat atabout proper handling instructions for poultry meat atabout proper handling instructions for poultry meat atpublic places, such as schools, hospitals, and evenpublic places, such as schools, hospitals, and evenpublic places, such as schools, hospitals, and evenpublic places, such as schools, hospitals, and evenresidential areas to educate theresidential areas to educate theresidential areas to educate theresidential areas to educate the populationpopulationpopulationpopulation....

CHINA, cont.CHINA, cont.CHINA, cont.CHINA, cont.SituationSituationSituationSituation� Sales of poultry meat, including imported productsSales of poultry meat, including imported productsSales of poultry meat, including imported productsSales of poultry meat, including imported products

were up in midwere up in midwere up in midwere up in mid----December in North, Central andDecember in North, Central andDecember in North, Central andDecember in North, Central andSouth ChinaSouth ChinaSouth ChinaSouth China---- Sales were 50%Sales were 50%Sales were 50%Sales were 50%----60% of normal level, compared60% of normal level, compared60% of normal level, compared60% of normal level, compared

to previous years.to previous years.to previous years.to previous years.� Sales at all KFC restaurants in Shanghai areSales at all KFC restaurants in Shanghai areSales at all KFC restaurants in Shanghai areSales at all KFC restaurants in Shanghai are

reportedly fully recovered. KFC outside Shanghaireportedly fully recovered. KFC outside Shanghaireportedly fully recovered. KFC outside Shanghaireportedly fully recovered. KFC outside Shanghaiare up 10% compared to last month.are up 10% compared to last month.are up 10% compared to last month.are up 10% compared to last month.

� In South China, poultry meat sales improved beforeIn South China, poultry meat sales improved beforeIn South China, poultry meat sales improved beforeIn South China, poultry meat sales improved beforethe New Year. But, after the AIthe New Year. But, after the AIthe New Year. But, after the AIthe New Year. But, after the AI----related death in therelated death in therelated death in therelated death in theFujian province and the outbreak in Sichuan, salesFujian province and the outbreak in Sichuan, salesFujian province and the outbreak in Sichuan, salesFujian province and the outbreak in Sichuan, salesare down 50%.are down 50%.are down 50%.are down 50%.

RUSSIARUSSIARUSSIARUSSIA� RPU announced in April 2005 per capita consumptionRPU announced in April 2005 per capita consumptionRPU announced in April 2005 per capita consumptionRPU announced in April 2005 per capita consumption

would reach 17.4 kg, an 8.8 % increase.would reach 17.4 kg, an 8.8 % increase.would reach 17.4 kg, an 8.8 % increase.would reach 17.4 kg, an 8.8 % increase.� After AI outbreaks, the RPU decreased estimates to 16.8 kg inAfter AI outbreaks, the RPU decreased estimates to 16.8 kg inAfter AI outbreaks, the RPU decreased estimates to 16.8 kg inAfter AI outbreaks, the RPU decreased estimates to 16.8 kg in

September 2005, while consumption dropped 15%September 2005, while consumption dropped 15%September 2005, while consumption dropped 15%September 2005, while consumption dropped 15%----20% and20% and20% and20% andup to 30% in some areas.up to 30% in some areas.up to 30% in some areas.up to 30% in some areas.

� From October to November, consumers refusing to buyFrom October to November, consumers refusing to buyFrom October to November, consumers refusing to buyFrom October to November, consumers refusing to buypoultry products grew from 16% to 23%.poultry products grew from 16% to 23%.poultry products grew from 16% to 23%.poultry products grew from 16% to 23%.

� A poll showed that 61% of respondents would limit poultryA poll showed that 61% of respondents would limit poultryA poll showed that 61% of respondents would limit poultryA poll showed that 61% of respondents would limit poultryconsumption, while 39% wouldn’tconsumption, while 39% wouldn’tconsumption, while 39% wouldn’tconsumption, while 39% wouldn’t

� As of late, consumption has increased and volume and priceAs of late, consumption has increased and volume and priceAs of late, consumption has increased and volume and priceAs of late, consumption has increased and volume and pricehave become more stablehave become more stablehave become more stablehave become more stable

RUSSIA, cont.RUSSIA, cont.RUSSIA, cont.RUSSIA, cont.POULTRY PRICE AT 2005

(1 USD=28,5 RUB)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7021

,11,

05

01,1

1,05

18,1

0,05

20,0

9,05

13,0

9,05

20,0

9,05

01,0

9,05

25,0

8,05

18,0

8,05

11,0

8,05

01,0

6,05

01,0

3,05

DATE

PR

ICE

(RU

B)

Moscow

St.Petersburg

RUSSIA, cont.RUSSIA, cont.RUSSIA, cont.RUSSIA, cont.Action Taken:Action Taken:Action Taken:Action Taken:� USAPEEC Director Albert Davleyev appeared inUSAPEEC Director Albert Davleyev appeared inUSAPEEC Director Albert Davleyev appeared inUSAPEEC Director Albert Davleyev appeared in

numerous media interviews widely covered bynumerous media interviews widely covered bynumerous media interviews widely covered bynumerous media interviews widely covered byonononon----line, print radio and TV outletsline, print radio and TV outletsline, print radio and TV outletsline, print radio and TV outlets

� On October 27, USAPEEC organized a panel ofOn October 27, USAPEEC organized a panel ofOn October 27, USAPEEC organized a panel ofOn October 27, USAPEEC organized a panel ofRussian experts specializing in poultryRussian experts specializing in poultryRussian experts specializing in poultryRussian experts specializing in poultryproduction and consumer advocates. Coverage ofproduction and consumer advocates. Coverage ofproduction and consumer advocates. Coverage ofproduction and consumer advocates. Coverage ofthe press conference included 6 TV and 7 radiothe press conference included 6 TV and 7 radiothe press conference included 6 TV and 7 radiothe press conference included 6 TV and 7 radiobroadcasts, 15 stories in newspapers andbroadcasts, 15 stories in newspapers andbroadcasts, 15 stories in newspapers andbroadcasts, 15 stories in newspapers andmagazines and 40 stories onmagazines and 40 stories onmagazines and 40 stories onmagazines and 40 stories on----line.line.line.line.

Parameters for worldwide AIParameters for worldwide AIParameters for worldwide AIParameters for worldwide AIcampaigncampaigncampaigncampaign

� Do not position U.S. as superior.Do not position U.S. as superior.Do not position U.S. as superior.Do not position U.S. as superior.� Do not claim U.S. as free of bird flu / no guaranteesDo not claim U.S. as free of bird flu / no guaranteesDo not claim U.S. as free of bird flu / no guaranteesDo not claim U.S. as free of bird flu / no guarantees� Focus on safe cooking instead of cookingFocus on safe cooking instead of cookingFocus on safe cooking instead of cookingFocus on safe cooking instead of cooking

temperaturestemperaturestemperaturestemperatures� Keep it simple to create a universal message by usingKeep it simple to create a universal message by usingKeep it simple to create a universal message by usingKeep it simple to create a universal message by using

iconography, photos and illustrations.iconography, photos and illustrations.iconography, photos and illustrations.iconography, photos and illustrations.� Three main points:Three main points:Three main points:Three main points:

1.) Safe1.) Safe1.) Safe1.) Safe2.) Tastes good2.) Tastes good2.) Tastes good2.) Tastes good3.) Affordable/good value3.) Affordable/good value3.) Affordable/good value3.) Affordable/good value

USAPEEC Worldwide AI Campaign

- USAPEEC has set aside over $1 million forUSAPEEC has set aside over $1 million forUSAPEEC has set aside over $1 million forUSAPEEC has set aside over $1 million forworldwide campaign aimed at addressingworldwide campaign aimed at addressingworldwide campaign aimed at addressingworldwide campaign aimed at addressingAI concernsAI concernsAI concernsAI concerns

� Encourage international usage throughEncourage international usage throughEncourage international usage throughEncourage international usage throughInternational Poultry CouncilInternational Poultry CouncilInternational Poultry CouncilInternational Poultry Council

� Billboard / materials to debut at IPEBillboard / materials to debut at IPEBillboard / materials to debut at IPEBillboard / materials to debut at IPE

Questoins and Answers:Dr. David Swayne Director of the Southeast Poultry Research LaboratoryU.S. Department of Agriculture

Dr. Elizabeth KrushinskieVice President, Food Safety and Production ProgramsU.S. Poultry and Egg Association

James H. SumnerPresidentUSA Poultry & Egg Export Council