TNE-51-v3

»ÃÐªÒª¹áÅÐ·Ò§ÃÒª¡ÒÃ «Öè§Ê‹§¼ÅÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§µ‹ÍàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ÊÑ§¤Á

áÅÐ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹ »˜ÞËÒ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¨Ö§¶×Íà»š¹ÇÔ¡ÄµÔ¢Í§

»ÃÐà·È·Õè¨íÒà»š¹µŒÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿Ùà¾× èÍãËŒ¡ÅÑºÊÙ ‹ÊÀÒ¾à´ÔÁâ´Â

àÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ ´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒÍÂ‹Ò§¶Ù¡ÇÔ¸Õ áÅÐ

à»š¹ÃÐºº â´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¢Í§·Ø¡½†ÒÂ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§

ã¹©ºÑº¹ÕéàÃÒ¢Íá¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê×Í “Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�¡ÒÃ¡Ñ à«ÒÐªÒÂ½›§

Í‹ÒÇä·Â·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÇÔ¡ÄµÔ” «Öè§¨Ñ´·íÒâ´Â ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔ è§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ

à¹×éÍËÒã¹àÅ‹Áà»š¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÊ¹Í¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐ¢ŒÍà·ç ¨ÃÔ§à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºÊ¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�

¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹¾×é¹·Õèµ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§Í‹ÒÇä·Â â´Âà©¾ÒÐ

¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐÇÔ¡ÄµÔ «Öè§ä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÇºÃÇÁ

àÍ¡ÊÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×é¹·Õèã¹ÀÒ¤Ê¹ÒÁ ¹Í¡

¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÊÒàËµØáÅÐ»ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËÒ·Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐ

äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹ÊÒàËµØ¨Ò¡¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ� ÃÇÁ·Ñé§

¹íÒàÊ¹Í¼Å¡ÃÐ·º¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨

áÅÐÊÑ§¤Á µÅÍ´¨¹¹íÒàÊ¹Í¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ

Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¢Í§Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹µ‹Ò§æ ·Ñé§ÀÒ¤ÃÑ°ÀÒ¤àÍ¡ª¹ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§»ÃÐªÒª¹

ã¹¾×é¹·Õè ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÂÑ§ä´Œ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢

»ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ à«ÒÐªÒÂ½›§¢Í§»ÃÐà·È «Öè§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂà»‡ÒËÁÒÂËÅÑ¡

á¹Ç·Ò§ áÅÐÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ã¹àÃ×èÍ§´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¹íÒàÊ¹Í

¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹áÅÐ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹Ðã¹¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§

à¾×èÍãËŒË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¹íÒä»¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò»ÃÐ¡Íº¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ

»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹µ‹Íä»

ËÒ¡·‹Ò¹Ê¹ã¨ÊÒÁÒÃ¶µÔ´µ‹Íä´Œ·Õè ¡ÅØ‹Á§Ò¹µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹

Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³� ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹

·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ËÃ×Í download ä´Œ·Õè http://

www.onep.go.th/download/thai_bay_erosion.pdfß

impact on our society, economy, and people’s quality

of life. As a result, coastal erosion has made its way

onto the nation’s priority list and needs to be urgently

addressed through a prevention and resolution scheme

involving all stakeholders.

Here, we would like to introduce the interesting

book titled “Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along

the Gulf of Thailand” published by the Monitoring and

Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment. The publication provides

alarming facts and information about the state of coastal

erosion, with a focus on the severely eroded areas along

the Gulf of Thailand, compiled from both academic

papers and field surveys. The causes and factors that

drive coastal erosion, whether natural or man - made,

are also presented here along with the socio - economic

and ecological impacts. Moreover, the publication outlines

the prevention and resolution programs implemented by

public and private authorities as well as local community

remedial efforts. Prevention and resolution strategies

on coastal erosion, complete with objectives, guidelines,

and operational measures, along with opinions and

recommendations concerning the topic are also included

for consideration by related authorities.

The publication can be requested from the State

of the Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Monitoring

and Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning,or downloaded from

http://www.onep.go.th/download/thai_bay_erosion.pdf.ß

51

¡‹Í¹¨Ð»�´àÅ‹Á I Epilogue

º·ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ Editorial Notes

§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ áÅÐáËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³¤´Õ à»š¹·ÃÑ¾Â�ÊÁºÑµÔ¢Í§

ªÒµÔ·Ø¡ªÒµÔ ·Ø¡»ÃÐà·È·ÑèÇâÅ¡ «Öè§áÊ´§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁà»š¹àÍ¡ÅÑ¡É³�áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔã¨¢Í§ª¹ã¹ªÒµÔ ÊÐ·ŒÍ¹

ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§ÍÒÃÂ¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§ªØÁª¹ã¹âÅ¡ãº¹Õé «Öè§·Ã§¤Ø³¤‹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§ËÒ·ÕèÊØ´ÁÔä´Œ Ñ§¹Ñé¹áµ‹ÅÐªÒµÔáµ‹ÅÐ»ÃÐà·È¨Ö§ÁØ‹§ÁÑè¹

áÅÐ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õè¨Ð»¡»‡Í§ ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ áÅÐ´ÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇŒ¨Ò¡ÃØ‹¹Ë¹Öè§ä»ÊÙ‹ÍÕ¡ÃØ‹¹Ë¹Öè§ÁÒà»š¹àÇÅÒÂÒÇ¹Ò¹

ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â Ö§ä Œ¹íÒ¡ÒÃ Ñ ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ

ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ áÅÐáËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³¤´Õ «Öè§à»š¹à¾ÕÂ§Ê‹Ç¹àÅç¡æ ·Õèä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÍÂ‹Ò§µ‹Íà¹×èÍ§ÁÒ

à¼Âá¾Ã‹ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ Ñ ¡ÒÃµ‹Í·ÃÑ¾Â�ÊÁºÑµÔÍÑ¹ÁÕ¤‹ÒàËÅ‹Ò¹Õéã¹ÃÙ»áººµ‹Ò§æ ·Ñé§ ã¹ÃÐ ÑºªØÁª¹ËÃ×Í·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹

ÃÐ´Ñº»ÃÐà·È áÅÐÃÐ´ÑºâÅ¡ áµ‹·Ñé§¹Õé·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ ¨ÐÊíÒàÃç¨ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃµŒÍ§¢Öé¹ÍÂÙ‹¡Ñº¤ÇÒÁµÃÐË¹Ñ¡

¢Í§ªØÁª¹ã¹¾×é¹·Õè áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¢Í§ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹ÊÑ§¤ÁÍ×è¹æ ·Ñé§ÀÒ¤ÃÑ° ÀÒ¤àÍ¡ª¹ áÅÐÍ§¤�¡Ãµ‹Ò§æ

ã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ Í¹ØÃÑ¡É� »¡»‡Í§áÅÐ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡ÃáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁàËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéÍÂ‹Ò§¨ÃÔ§¨Ñ§áÅÐ¨ÃÔ§ã¨

â´ÂµŒÍ§¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò·Ò§¨Ôµã¨ ÊÑ§¤Á áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ´ŒÇÂ ¹Í¡àË¹×Í¨Ò¡»ÃÐâÂª¹�·Ò§´ŒÒ¹àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨à¾ÕÂ§

ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ «Öè§¡Í§ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃËÇÑ§Ç‹Ò à¹×éÍËÒÊÒÃÐ¢Í§ÇÒÃÊÒÃ©ºÑº¹Õé¨ÐÊÐ·ŒÍ¹ãËŒ¼ÙŒÍ‹Ò¹ä´Œà¢ŒÒã¨áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶

»ÃÐÂØ¡µ�¹íÒàÍÒÍ§¤�¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ·Õè·‹Ò¹¤Ô Ç‹ÒàËÁÒÐÊÁä»à»š¹áººÍÂ‹Ò§ã¹¡ÒÃ¤Ô áÅÐ¾Ô ÒÃ³Ò à¾×èÍÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹¨ÃÃâÅ§·ÃÑ¾Â�

ÊÁºÑµÔÍÑ¹ÁÕ¤‹Ò¢Í§ªÒµÔ ãËŒÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÍÂÙ‹ÃÍ´»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂà»š¹ËÅÑ¡°Ò¹Â×¹ÂÑ¹¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁà»š¹ªÒµÔ·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃÊ×º·Í´ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ

ÁÒ¡‹Í¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÒÇ¹Ò¹áÅÐÂÑ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Òä»ÊÙ‹ÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹¢Í§¾Ç¡àÃÒÊ×ºä»

ll nations alike take pride in national assets like natural environment, cultures, traditions,

and historical sites - or in other words, things that convey unique identity and pride

of the citizens. Every nation has its own history of determination and actions to protect,

preserve, and hand down these national assets from generation to generation, reflecting

the invaluable lines of civilization born and intertwined on this very planet as well.

Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal, therefore, joins the rest of the world in

celebrating such priceless assets and brings to you articles about how the natural

environment, cultures, traditions, and historical sites are managed and handled by local

communities and countries around the world. Nevertheless, each conservation, protection,

and prevention approach presented here cannot be accomplished without the selfless

commitment and cooperation from the people in the community as well as from the other

parts of society, i.e. public and private sectors and independent groups.

The editorial team sincerely hopes that this journal’s contents would bring about a better

understanding of issues facing the aforementioned national assets and enable our readers to

consider the appropriate ways to preserve them for our next generation.

A

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ÀÒ¾¨Ò¡»¡ Cover Picture

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Photo : Pongpol Vinitphon

ÊÒÃºÑÞCONTENTSÜ º·ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ / Editorial 05 ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ

News Feature

Ü º·ÊÑÁÀÒÉ³� / Interview 10 “á¹Ç¤Ô´ÁØÁÁÍ§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹”

Sustainable Management of World Heritage Sites

Ü ¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ / Balance and Diverse 20 ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ :

¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ

The International Day for Biological Diversity :

Biological Diversity and Agriculture

24 ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·íÒÃŒÒÂàÃÒ ËÃ×Í àÃÒ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ

Natural Disasters - the Fault of Man or Nature?

28 ¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�¨Ò¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅÊÒÃÊ¹à·ÈÀÙÁÔÈÒÊµÃ�

ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂµÑÇ¢Í§

áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³¤´Õã¹ºÃÔàÇ³àÇÕÂ§ÅÍ ÍíÒàÀÍ¨Ø¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾ÐàÂÒ

Geographic Information System Application in the

Study of the Distribution of Archeological Sites

in the Area of Wiang Lo, Joon District, Prayao Province

32 ÍÂØ¸ÂÒ..ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡..ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ

Ayutthaya ... World Heritage ... Our Heritage

34 á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¢Í§ªØÁª¹

Cultural Heritage Atlas and Socialization

38 àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ÊÑ§¤Áä·Â

Old Towns: the Foundation of Thai Society

Ü º·¤ÇÒÁ¾ÔàÈÉ / Special 14 “ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡” ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ ÁÃ´¡à¢Ò ÁÃ´¡ã¤Ã?

“World Heritage” Ours, Theirs, Or Whose?

Ü ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÁÅ¾ÔÉ / Environment and Pollution 44 ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ

Study of an Early Ecosystem of Cultural Heritage

48 Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡

The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World

Cultural and Natural Heritage

Ü ¡‹Í¹¨Ð»�´àÅ‹Á / Epilogue 50 á¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê×Í “Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§Í‹ÒÇä·Â

·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÇÔ¡ÄµÔ”

Book Review “Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along

the Gulf of Thailand”

10

14

28 32

20

38

44

34

¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹áÅÐ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íã´æ ·Õè¹ÓàÊ¹Íã¹º·¤ÇÒÁµ‹Ò§æ à»š¹¢Í§¼ÙŒà¢ÕÂ¹

All comments and recommendations in this journal are exclusively of the authors

¹Ò§Í¹§¤�ÇÃÃ³ à·¾ÊØ·Ô¹ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ

áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ÁÍºÃÒ§ÇÑÅ»ÃÐ¡Ç´ÀÒ¾¶‹ÒÂ áÅÐà»�´§Ò¹áÊ´§

¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃÀÒ¾¶‹ÒÂàªÔ§Í¹ØÃÑ¡É� “¡�Ò« àÃ×Í¹¡ÃÐ¨¡” ³ ÈÙ¹Â�¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒÊÂÒÁ¾ÒÃÒ¡Í¹

àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 1 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

Mrs. Anongwan Thepsuthin, Natural Resources and Environment

Minister, presided over “Green House Gases”, an environmental

conservation photo exhibition, and awarded prizes to the winners

of the photo contest at Siam Paragon shopping complex on

July 1st, 2008.

´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò “à¾×èÍªÕéá¨§

á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹»®ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃà¾×èÍ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁã¹ÃÐ´Ñº¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´

»‚§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ ¾.È. 2553” ãËŒá¡‹¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¨Ò¡Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹µ‹Ò§æ ³ âÃ§áÃÁ

à«ç¹¨ÙÃÕè¾ÒÃ�¤ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, ONEP Secretary - General, presided

over the seminar on “Setting a Provincial Environmental Quality

Management Action Plan for Fiscal Year 2010” for participants

from concerned agencies at Century Park Hotel, Bangkok, on

July 22nd, 2008.

´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÊØ· ÔÅÑ¡É³� ÃÐÇÔÇÃÃ³ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò Ô¡ÒÃ

¾ÃŒÍÁ¼ÙŒºÃÔËÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡/¡Í§ãËŒ¡ÒÃµŒÍ¹ÃÑº·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Ñ§ËÇÑ

·Õèä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃáµ‹§µÑé§ãËÁ‹ 16 ¤¹ (¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´) ã¹âÍ¡ÒÊà¢ŒÒàÂÕèÂÁªÁÈÖ¡ÉÒ´Ù§Ò¹

ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ Ñ ¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ íÒà¹Ô¹ ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§æ

µÒÁÀÒÃ¡Ô ¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÀÒÃ¡Ô ¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ

áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 23 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á 2551

Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso - ONEP Secretary - General and

Ms. Suthilak Rawiwan - Deputy Secretary - General, along with the

executive of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental

Policy and Planning (ONEP), welcomed 16 newly - assigned provincial

natural resource and environmental officers during their visit to ONEP to

observe ONEP natural resource and environmental management

programs related to a provincial mission on July 23rd, 2008.

´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à»�´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò àÃ× èÍ§

“¡ÒÃá»Å§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�áË‹§ªÒµÔ Ç‹Ò ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ Ñ ¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ

¾.È. 2551 - 2555 ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔÀÒ¤µÐÇÑ¹ÍÍ¡” ¾ÃŒÍÁÍÀÔ»ÃÒÂ

àÃ×èÍ§ “ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ

¾.È. 2551 áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ³ âÃ§áÃÁà´ÍÐä·´� ÃÕÊÍÃ�·

ºÒ§áÊ¹ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ªÅºØÃÕ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 9 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á 2551

Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, ONEP Secretary - General, presided

over the seminar on “Implementing the National Strategy on Climate

Change Management, 2008 - 2012 - Eastern Region” and

gave a lecture on “National Strategy on Climate Change

Management 2008 and Implementation Process” at The Tide Resort,

Bang San, Chon Buri, on July 9th, 2008.

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ News Feature1.

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All comments and recommendations in this journal are exclusively of the authors 5

ÀÒ¾¢‹ÒÇ I News Feature

¹Ò§»ÃÐàÊÃÔ°ÊØ¢ ÒÁÃÁÒ¹ ¼ÙŒÍíÒ¹ÇÂ¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ

áË‹§ªÒµÔ à»�´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò àÃ×èÍ§ “¡ÒÃá»Å§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�áË‹§ªÒµÔ

Ç‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 - 2555 ä»ÊÙ‹

¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ “¤ÃÑ é§·Õ è 3 ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í ¾ÃŒÍÁºÃÃÂÒÂáÅÐÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁàËç¹


¾.È. 2551 áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ³ âÃ§áÃÁâÅµÑÊ»Ò§ÊÇ¹á¡ŒÇ

¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ àªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ ÇÑ¹·Õè 16 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

Mrs. Prasertsuk Jamorn - marn, Director of National

Environmental Board, presided the 3rd seminar on “Implementing

National Strategy on Climate Change Management 2008 - 2012

- Northern Region” and gave a lecture on “National Strategy on

Climate Change Management 2008 and Implementation Process” at

Lotus Pang Suan Kaew Hotel, Chiang Mai, on July 16th, 2008.

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ»ÃÐªØÁ

ÊÑÁÁ¹ÒªÕéá¨§ “á¼¹»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃàªÔ§¹âÂºÒÂ´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¾×é¹·ÕèÊÕà¢ÕÂÇ

ªØÁª¹àÁ×Í§ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹áÅÐ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒá¼¹Ï ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” à¾×èÍãËŒ

·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ä ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨µ‹Íá¼¹» ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃàªÔ§¹âÂºÒÂ ŒÒ¹

¡ÒÃ Ñ ¡ÒÃ¾×é¹·ÕèÊÕà¢ÕÂÇÏ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»» ÔºÑµÔ·Õèà»š¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁä ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÕ»ÃÐÊÔ· ÔÀÒ¾

â´ÂÁÕ¹Ò§ÊÒÇÊØ·¸ÔÅÑ¡É³� ÃÐÇÔÇÃÃ³ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹

·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à»�´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ

³ âÃ§áÃÁàÍàªÕÂ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and

Planning (ONEP) held a seminar on “Action Plan and Policy on

Sustainable Management of Urban Green Area and the Bridge to

Implementation” for all concerned sectors to improve understanding

and knowledge of the action plan and policy on Sustainable

Management of Urban Green Space, leading to an efficient plan

realization. Ms. Suthiluk Raviwan - ONEP Deputy Secretary - General,

presided over the seminar at Asia Hotel, Bangkok, on July 22nd,

2008.

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ã¹°Ò¹Ð

Ë¹‹ÇÂ»ÃÐÊÒ¹§Ò¹¡ÅÒ§Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¾×é¹·ÕèªØ‹Á¹éíÒ Ñ´¡ÒÃá¶Å§¢‹ÒÇà¾×èÍ

à»š¹à¡ÕÂÃµÔá¡‹¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃä·Âä´ŒÃÑºÃÒ§ÇÑÅ Ramsar Wetland Conservation

Awards »ÃÐ¨íÒ»‚ 2008 â´ÂÁÕ Ã.ÈÑ¡´�ÊÔ·¸Ôì µÃÕà´ª »ÅÑ´¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹á¶Å§¢‹ÒÇáÅÐÃ‹ÇÁáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁÂÔ¹´Õ¡Ñº

ÃÈ.´Ã. ÈÑ¹Ê¹ÕÂ� ªÙáÇÇ «Öè§à»š¹¼ÙŒä´ŒÃÑºÃÒ§ÇÑÅ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÊÒ¢Ò¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ³

ËŒÍ§»ÃÐªØÁ 301 ÍÒ¤ÒÃ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¡Ã¡¯Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

As the coordinating agency for Ramsar Convention on

Wetlands, the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and

Planning (ONEP) held a press conference for Associate Professor Dr. Sansanee Choowaew, a Thai academic awarded a Ramsar

Wetland Conservation Award 2008 in the field of Education. Dr. Saksit Tridech Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment, presided over the press conference and congratulated her at the Conference Room 301, Pollution

Control Department, on July 22nd, 2008.

´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡Å‹ÒÇà»�´¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹ÒàÊÃÔÁÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ

á¡‹à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ã¹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁ ¾.Ã.º. ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃ¢Í§ÃÒª¡ÒÃ ¾.È. 2540 «Öè§ä´ŒÃÑºà¡ÕÂÃµÔ¨Ò¡ ´Ã.¹¤Ã àÊÃÕÃÑ¡É� ¼ÙŒàªÕèÂÇªÒÞ´ŒÒ¹

¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡¹ÒÂ¡ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕ à»š¹ÇÔ·ÂÒ¡Ã â´ÂÁÕ¼ÙŒà¢ŒÒÃ‹ÇÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò 200 ¡Ç‹Ò¤¹ ³ ËŒÍ§»ÃÐªØÁÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 25 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso, ONEP Secretary - General, gave the opening speech for the seminar on “Compliance

with the Official Information Act, 1997” by Dr. Nakorn Serirak, Information Expert, Office of the Prime Minister. Over 200

participants attended the seminar at ONEP Conference room on July 25th, 2008.

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ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂThailand’s Nature and Environment Journal

6

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à´Ô¹Ë¹ŒÒ

ÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁàËç¹ àÃ×èÍ§ “¡ÒÃá»Å§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ

¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ ¾.È. 2551 - 2555 ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 4

ã¹ÀÒ¤ãµŒ «Öè§ä´ŒÃÑºà¡ÕÂÃµÔ¨Ò¡ ÃÍ§¼ÙŒÇ‹ÒÃÒª¡ÒÃ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØÃÒÉ¯Ã�¸Ò¹Õ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹

à»�´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÑÁÁ¹Ò â´ÂÁÕ ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹

¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ºÃÃÂÒÂ¾ÔàÈÉ ã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ


¾.È. 2551 áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃá»Å§á¼¹ä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ” ³ âÃ§áÃÁ ä´ÁÍ¹¾ÅÒ«‹Ò

¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØÃÒÉ¯Ã�¸Ò¹ÕàÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 28 ¡Ã¡®Ò¤Á ¾.È. 2551

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental

Policy and Planning (ONEP) held the 4th seminar on

“Implementing the National Strategy on Climate Change

Management, 2008 - 2012 - Southern Region”. The Deputy

Governor of Surat Thani presided over the seminar and Dr. Kasemsun

Chinnavaso, Secretary - General of ONEP, gave a special lecture

on “National Strategy on Climate Change Management, 2008 and

Implementation Process” at Diamond Plaza Hotel, Surat Thani, on

July 28th, 2008.

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº

ÁÙÅ¹Ô¸ÔÊ¶ÒºÑ¹ÇÔ¨ÑÂà¾× èÍ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò»ÃÐà·Èä·Â áÅÐºÃÔÉÑ· ¨ÕàÍçÁ·Õ

¤ÍÃ�»ÍàÃªÑè¹ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁàªÔ§»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃàÃ× èÍ§ “Ã‹Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�

¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õè´Ô¹ : ¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹¡ÒÃ¶×Í¤ÃÍ§·Õè´Ô¹ ¡ÒÃÊ§Ç¹áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Ò·Õè´Ô¹

áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊ§Ç¹ËÃ×ÍËÇ§ËŒÒÁ·Õè´Ô¹¢Í§ÃÑ°” à¾×èÍ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÃ‹Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ

Ñ ¡ÒÃ·Õè Ô¹ áÅÐÃÑº¿§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô àËç¹ ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹Ðµ‹ÍÃ‹Ò§ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ� â´Â¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ

ÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ ³ âÃ§áÃÁàÃ´ÔÊÑ¹ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 14 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551

·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy

and Planning (ONEP) in cooperation with Thailand Development

Research Institute Foundation (TDRI) and GMT Corporation, Co.,

Ltd. held a workshop on “Draft of Land Management Strategy :

Land Ownership Planning, Land Conservation and Development, and

Protecting the Property of the State” to present the draft of the

Land Management Strategy and gather useful suggestions through

interactive means at Radisson Hotel, Bangkok, on August 14th,

2008.

¹Ò§ÊÒÇÊØ·¸ÔÅÑ¡É³� ÃÐÇÔÇÃÃ³ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐ

á¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à»�´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁàªÔ§

»¯ÔºÑµÔ¡ÒÃ àÃ×èÍ§ “»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡Ñº¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹´ŒÒ¹¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾”

áÅÐºÃÃÂÒÂ¾ÔàÈÉ ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ “¡ÃÍº§Ò¹áË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁ»ÅÍ´ÀÑÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾

¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â” ³ âÃ§áÃÁÃÒÁÒ¡ÒÃ�à´Œ¹ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 15 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á

¾.È. 2551

Ms. Suthiluk Raviwan - ONEP Deputy Secretary - General,

presided over the workshop on “Thailand and Biological

Safety Measures” and gave a special lecture on “National

Framework for Thailand’s Biological Safety” at Rama Garden

Hotel, Bangkok, on August 15th, 2008.

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7


¹ÒÂÇÔàªÕÂÃ Ø‹§ÃØ‹§àÃ×Í§ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à»�´¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹

àÃ×èÍ§ “¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´»ÃÐàÀ·â¤Ã§¡ÒÃËÃ×Í¡Ô ¡ÃÃÁ·ÕèÍÒ¨¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô ¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºµ‹ÍªØÁª¹

ÍÂ‹Ò§ÃØ¹áÃ§ ·Ñé§·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊØ¢ÀÒ¾Ï”

«Öè§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï Ñ´¢Öé¹ à¾×èÍ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÊÃØ»¼Å¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹Ï ·Õèä´ŒÃÑº

¨Ò¡ÀÒ¤»ÃÐªÒª¹ã¹ 4 ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒÃÃÑº¿˜§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ ³

âÃ§áÃÁàÍàªÕÂ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 8 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551

Mr. Wichien Jungrungruang, ONEP Deputy Secretary - General,

presided over the conference on “Categorizing Projects or Activities

That Entail Severe Community Impacts in Natural Resource,

Environmental, and Health Aspects” held by ONEP to present

the summary of public opinion from four regions and to gather

additional opinions at Asia Hotel, Bangkok, on August 8th, 2008.

¹Ò§¨Ô¹µ¹Ò ·ÇÕÁÒ ¼ÙŒàªÕèÂÇªÒÞ´ŒÒ¹ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à»�´¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹ÒàÃÔèÁ

â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒÃÒÂ§Ò¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ©ºÑº·Õè 2 ³ âÃ§áÃÁà«ç¹¨ÙÃÕè »ÒÃ�¤

¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 14 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2551

Mrs. Chintana Thaweema, Senior Environmental Planning Expert,

led the project kick - off seminar on National Report - 2nd edition

preparation - at Century Park Hotel, Bangkok, on August 14th,

2008.

àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 21 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2551 ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹

·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Ñ´¡ÒÃÊÑÁÁ¹Ò·ÔÈ·Ò§¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹

¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï à¾×èÍáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ÀÒÂËÅÑ§¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÊ¹Íá¼¹§Ò¹¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡/¡Í§

´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃä´ŒÁÍº¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹

ãËŒá¡‹à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·Õè¢Í§ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹Ï ·Ø¡ÃÐ´Ñº ³ âÃ§áÃÁà´ÍÐä·´� ÃÕÊÍÃ�· ºÒ§áÊ¹

¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ªÅºØÃÕ

On August 21st, 2008, the Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held a seminar on

“ONEP Operational Direction for Information Exchange”. After

all proposals were presented, Dr. Kasemsun Chinnavaso Secretary

- General of ONEP, gave a speech on “Policy and Operational

Guidelines to all ONEP Staff” at The Tide Resort, Bang San, Chon

Buri.

´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃ‹ÇÁàÊÇ¹Òã¹ËÑÇ¢ŒÍàÃ×èÍ§ “ÁÅ¾ÔÉáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ”

ã¹§Ò¹»ÃÐªØÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 1 ³ ÈÙ¹Â�¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁáÅÐ¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃäºà·¤ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 3 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551

Dr. Kasamsun Chinnavaso, Secretary - General of the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning,

attended the panel on “Pollution and Environment” at the 1st Natural Resources and Environmental Convention at BITEC Conven-

tion and Exhibition Hall on September 3rd, 2008.

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¨Ñ´ÊÑÁÁ¹Ò “EIA àËÅÕÂÇË¹ŒÒáÅËÅÑ§” ã¹§Ò¹»ÃÐªØÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ

áÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 1 â´Â ä´ŒÃÑºà¡ÕÂÃµÔ¨Ò¡»ÅÑ´¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñº ¼ÙŒ·Ã§ ¤Ø³ÇØ²Ô´ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§æ áÅÐàÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÍÀÔ»ÃÒÂã¹»ÃÐà´ç¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ «Öè§ÁÕ¼ÙŒÊ¹ã¨

à¢ŒÒÃÑº¿˜§¡Ç‹Ò 1,000 ¤¹ ³ ÈÙ¹Â�¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁáÅÐ¹Ô·ÃÃÈ¡ÒÃäºà·¤ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 4 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) held a seminar on “EIA - a 360 Degree View” at the 1st

Natural Resources and Environmental Convention with honorary panel members including the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment, experts from various fields, and the Secretary - General of ONEP, who discussed Environmental

Impact Assessment Reporting Issues. Over 1,000 participants attended the session at BITEC Convention and Exhibition Hall on

September 4th, 2008.

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8

ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹

ã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·Õè´Ô¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ ¤ÃÑé§·Õè 2/2551 ³

ËŒÍ§»ÃÐªØÁ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 17 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551

The Natural Resources and Environment Minister presided over

the 2nd National Land Management Committee 2008 at Pollution

Control Department Conference room on September 17th, 2008.

àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 9 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ 2551 ´Ã.à¡ÉÁÊÑ¹µ� ¨Ô³³ÇÒâÊ àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃÑºÁÍº

¸§ÊÑÞÅÑ¡É³� â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹áÁ‹¶Ö§ÇÑ¹¾‹Í 116 ÇÑ¹ ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õ Ò¡ ¹ÒÂªÒµÃÕ

ª‹ÇÂ»ÃÐÊÔ·¸Ôì ÃÍ§»ÅÑ´¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ à¾ÕèÍ´íÒà¹Ô¹

¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁÊÒ¹ÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õã¹·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÇÑ¹·Õè 9 - 15

¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ 2551

On September 9th, 2008, Dr. Kasamsun Chinnavaso,

Secretary - General of the Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) received a flag carrying

the royal emblems of Their Majesties the King and Queen for the

116 - day Unity Campaign from Mother’s Day to Father’s Day from

Mr. Chatree Chuayprasit, Deputy Permanent Secretary of the Ministry

of Natural Resources and Environment, as a part of the activities to

promote national unity in all associated agencies during September

9-15, 2008.

ÇÑ¹·Õè 16 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551 ¹ÒÂÇÔàªÕÂÃ ¨Ø‹§ÃØ‹§àÃ×Í§ ÃÍ§àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁä´ŒÊ‹§ÁÍº

¸§ÊÑÞÅÑ¡É³� â¤Ã§¡ÒÃ¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹áÁ‹¶Ö§ÇÑ¹¾‹Í 116 ÇÑ¹ ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õ ãËŒá¡‹

Í¸Ôº´Õ¡ÃÁ¤Çº¤ØÁÁÅ¾ÔÉà¾×èÍ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ ¢Í§¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ

On September 16th, 2008, Mr. Vichien Jungrungruang,

Deputy Secretary General of the Office of Natural Resources

and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) passed on the flag

carrying the royal emblems of Their Majesties the King and Queen

for the 116 - day Unity Campaign from Mother’s Day to Father’s

Day to the Director - General of the Pollution Control Department

(PCD) to campaign activities within Ministry of Natural Resource and

Environment.

¹Ò§Í¹§¤�ÇÃÃ³ à·¾ÊØ·Ô¹ ÃÑ°Á¹µÃÕÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹à»�´§Ò¹ “·Ê.ÊÑÞ¨Ã»ÅÙ¡»†Ò ¾ÅÔ¡¿„œ¹¼×¹»†Ò

´ŒÇÂ¾ÃÐºÒÃÁÕ : ÀÒ¤ÕÃÑ¡É�¤ÅÍ§áÁ‹ÅíÒ¾Ñ¹” «Öè§à»š¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ “¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹áÁ‹¶Ö§ÇÑ¹¾‹Í 116 ÇÑ¹ ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÒÁÑ¤¤Õ” ·ÕèÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÃ‹ÇÁ¡ÑºÀÒ¤Õ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ ¢Öé¹ ³ ºÃÔàÇ³Ë¹ŒÒÈÙ¹Â�âÍ·Í» µíÒºÅàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò áÅÐâÃ§àÃÕÂ¹ÊØâ¢·ÑÂÇÔ·ÂÒ¤Á

¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 13 ¡Ñ¹ÂÒÂ¹ ¾.È. 2551

Mrs.Anongwan Thepsuthin, Natural Resources and Environment Minister presided over the opening ceremo-

ny of “MNRE Forestation Tour - We love Mae Lampan Canal Conservation Activity” under the umbrella of the Royal

Forest Rehabilitation program and a part of the 116 - day Unity Campaign from Mother’s Day to Father’s Day. This ac-

tivity was one of many mobilized by a joint effort between the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy

and Planning (ONEP) and Sukhothai Province. Campaign activities were held in front of the OTOP Center in Muang

Kao district and at Sukhothai Wittayakom School in Sukhothai on September 13th, 2008.ß

17.

18.

19.

20.

9



10

àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 4 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á 2551 ¡Í§ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑºâÍ¡ÒÊ ¨Ò¡ÈÒÊµÃÒ¨ÒÃÂ� ´Ã. Í´ØÅ ÇÔàªÕÂÃà¨ÃÔÞ «Öè§ÁÕ»ÃÐÊº¡ÒÃ³� áÅÐÍ§¤�¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒÊÙ§ã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ·Ñé§ã¹»ÃÐà·È áÅÐµ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È ´Ñ§¨ÐàËç¹ä´ŒÇ‹Ò·‹Ò¹ä´Œ´íÒÃ§µíÒáË¹‹§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞµ‹Ò§æ ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ ´Ñ§àª‹¹ à¤Âà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ ÃÍ§»ÃÐ¸Ò¹ áÅÐ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ ã¹¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ áÅÐ¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃã¹Í§¤�¡ÃÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ�áÅÐÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáË‹§ÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔ (UNESCO) áÅÐ à¤Âà»š¹»ÃÐ¸Ò¹¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃáË‹§ªÒµÔÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡ ·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§âÅ¡ «Öè§·‹Ò¹ä´ŒãËŒ¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹·Õèà»š¹»ÃÐâÂª¹�·Õè ÊíÒ¤ÑÞã¹á§‹ÁØÁ¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Õè¨ÐÁÒµÑ´ÊÔ¹¡ÒÃ¢Í¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹¨Ò¡·ÑèÇâÅ¡äÇŒä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÅÐàÍÕÂ´¤Ãº¶ŒÇ¹ â´ÂàÃÔèÁ¨Ò¡»ÃÐà´ç¹ ¾×é¹°Ò¹ã¹àÃ× èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�·Õ èà»š¹¡ÒÃ ºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹ »ÃÐà´ç¹áÃ¡·Õè·‹Ò¹¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§¤×Í ÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤�¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� â´ÂãªŒ¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒä»´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÁÃ´¡ âÅ¡äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·ÈËÃ×Í¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÀÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·ÈËÃ×ÍÃÐËÇ‹Ò§»ÃÐà·È â´Âà¢ŒÒÁÒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÐººÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¡ÒÃ ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡»‚ ¤.È. 1972 ¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§â´ÂµÃ§ ¤×Í½†ÒÂ·ÕèÁÕÊ‹Ç¹ ã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ«Öè§ÃÑº¼Å»ÃÐâÂª¹�¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ ÊÔè§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ·ÕèµŒÍ§¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¤×Í ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�¹Ñé¹ÁÔãª‹à»š¹à¾ÕÂ§¡ÒÃ·ÕèàÃÒ¨ÐÁÒ Ñ ÊÃÃãËŒ ãªŒËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ãËŒãªŒ ¤ÇÒÁÁØ‹§ËÁÒÂ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�â´Âà©¾ÒÐàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§ÁÃ´¡ âÅ¡µÒÁÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ¤×Í¡ÒÃ·Õè¾×é¹·ÕèáË‹§ã´äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ËÃ×Í·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·Õèä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�äÇŒ¹Ñé¹¡çà¾ÃÒÐÊÔè§¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹Ò á¡‹Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ áÅÐàÁ×èÍàÃÒä´ŒÃÑºÊ×º·Í´ÁÒ¨Ò¡ºÃÃ¾ºØÃØÉáÅŒÇ ¡ç¤ÇÃ ¨Ðà¢ŒÒã¨ã¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¹Ñé¹ ª×è¹ªÁã¹¤Ø³¤‹Ò¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ áÅÐºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃà¾×èÍ¨ÐÃÑ¡ÉÒàÍÒäÇŒà¾×èÍãËŒÍ¹Øª¹ÃØ‹¹ËÅÑ§ÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ ·Õè¨Ðä´ŒàËç¹ä´ŒªÁ¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁ´Õà´‹¹¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�äÁ‹ãª‹à»š¹¡ÒÃËŒÒÁãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹� áµ‹¨Ð ãªŒã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð·ÕèÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¹Ñé¹µŒÍ§ä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ ÙáÅºíÒÃØ§ÃÑ¡ÉÒ áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶ ·Õè¨ÐÍÂÙ‹µ‹Íä»ä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹ â´ÂÁÕËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ áµ‹ ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´à»ÅÕèÂ¹ä»µÒÁÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¹Ñé¹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ð·íÒãËŒ “ÂÑè§Â×¹” ¹ÕéÁÕ»˜ÞËÒÍÂÙ‹·ÕèÇ‹Ò¨ÐºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÍÂ‹Ò§äÃã¹ÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÃãªŒ áÅÐ¡ÒÃËŒÒÁãªŒã¹ºÒ§¡Ã³Õ ¡ÒÃ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¡ÃÍº¢Í§¡ÒÃãªŒ¡çà»š¹àÃ×èÍ§·Õè

On August 4th, 2008, Prof. Dr. Adul Wichiencharoen, former Vice - president, President and a committee member of National World Heritage Committee of Thailand, a committee member of UNESCO, and Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World culture and Natural heritage, kindly shared with the editorial team of Thailand’s Nature and Environment Journal his insightful perspectives on sustainable management of World Heritage sites from the fundamental conservation to nominating a site for World Heritage listing. This priceless experience inspired the editorial team to pen the following article to share with our readers. First of all, to be sanctioned under the Convention Concerning the Protection of Cultural and Natural World Heritage of 1972, tourism authority needs to be directly involved as it gains direct benefits from the tourism of national and international cultural and natural sites located in the country. Conserving something is not only about limiting permission to use or not to use. It is about saving and nurturing invaluable heritages of the mankind. Conservation - oriented, ecotourism principle must be applied to tourism policies in order to achieve as such. Therefore, it is important to mindfully manage, with the objective of conserving and protecting Word Heritage sites -- so that the next generations have a chance to admire the magnificent World Heritage sites we have in our time. Each World Heritage site is different and requires different conservation approach to be sustainable. This is a major controversial issue for every site. We cannot even apply the same approach on all natural sites in a particular country as they are of different geographical settings, which entail different sets of variables and factors to be pondered about. For instance, different types of construction materials used in different sites certainly need different kind of care and maintenance. Authenticity of World Heritage sites is one of the main concerns surrounding conservation and restoration approach. In some countries where large stones were used to build monuments and buildings, this concern is relatively minimal because these large stones can survive thousands of years without much wear and tear. However, for countries where using wood is a core of their construction methods - such as Japan, China, or Finland - this material issue becomes a major head-throbbing concern because the

Sustainable Management of World Heritage Sites “á¹Ç¤Ô´ÁØÁÁÍ§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹”

EditorºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

11

º·ÊÑÁÀÒÉ³� I Interview

ÂÑ§âµŒà¶ÕÂ§¡Ñ¹ã¹·Ò§»¯ÔºÑµÔÇ‹Ò ¨Ðª‹ÇÂãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ÂÑè§Â×¹ áÅŒÇáµ‹¤ÇÒÁ¨íÒà»š¹¢Í§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¹Ñé¹æ áÁŒ¡ÃÐ·Ñè§áËÅ‹§ã¹¡ÅØ‹Áà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹·Õèà»š¹¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¡ÒÃ·Õè¨ÐÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ ºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáµ‹ÅÐáË‹§¡çÂÑ§¤§àËÁ×Í¹¡Ñ¹äÁ‹ä´Œã¹·Ø¡àÃ×èÍ§ à¾ÃÒÐ·ÕèµÑé§ áÅÐµÑÇá»Ã¢Í§ÁÑ¹áµ¡µ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ àª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ã¹áËÅ‹§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ µ‹Ò§æ ÇÑÊ´Ø·ÕèãªŒã¹¡ÒÃ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§¡çäÁ‹àËÁ×Í¹¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃ ÙáÅºíÒÃØ§ÃÑ¡ÉÒ ¡çÂ‹ÍÁäÁ‹àËÁ×Í¹¡Ñ¹ ¤ÇÒÁ´Ñé§à´ÔÁ (authenticity) ¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ¡ÒÃ·Õè¨ÐÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� ºÙÃ³Ð«‹ÍÁá«Á¨ÐµŒÍ§äÁ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ã¹ àÃ×èÍ§ÇÑÊ´Ø·Õè¨Ð¹íÒÁÒãªŒ áµ‹áËÅ‹§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§ºÒ§»ÃÐà·ÈãªŒÇÑÊ´Ø·Õè ·¹µ‹Í¡ÒÃÊÖ¡¡Ã‹Í¹ áÁŒàÇÅÒ¼‹Ò¹ä»¹Ñº¾Ñ¹»‚ ¾ºÇ‹ÒäÁ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÊ×èÍÁ ã¹µÑÇÁÑ¹àÍ§à¾ÃÒÐÁÑ¹à»š¹ËÔ¹¢¹Ò´ãËÞ‹ áµ‹ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ã¹ºÒ§»ÃÐà·È ÍÂ‹Ò§ÞÕè»Ø†¹ ¨Õ¹ ËÃ×Í ¿�¹áÅ¹´� ÊÃŒÒ§´ŒÇÂäÁŒ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹ã¹¡Ã³Õ·ÕèµŒÍ§ «‹ÍÁá«ÁáÅÐäÁ‹ÁÕäÁŒª¹Ô ¹Ñé¹áÅŒÇ ¡çµŒÍ§àÍÒäÁŒ·ÕèÁÕÅÑ¡É³Ðã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§¡Ñ¹ »ÃÐà´ç¹¹Õéà»š¹¨Ø´·Õè¨ÐÁÒÇÔ¹Ô¨©ÑÂÇ‹ÒÁÑ¹ÁÕÅÑ¡É³ÐàËÁ×Í¹¢Í§´Ñé§à´ÔÁ ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´¢Í§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¨ÐÍÂÙ‹ã¹ Vanice charter 1964 ¡ÃÍºàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃáÅÐËÅÑ¡à¡³±�µ‹Ò§æ ·Õè ¹íÒÁÒãªŒà»š¹á¹Ç·Ò§ã¹¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� ÊíÒËÃÑºÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ·Ñé§·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ »ÃÒ¡¯ÍÂÙ‹ã¹¢ŒÍºÑÞÞÑµÔ¢Í§ ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡«Öè§àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Operation guideline «Öè§¨ÐÃÇÁ àÍÒàÃ×èÍ§·Ñé§ËÁ´·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ â´Â¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡ âÅ¡à»š¹¼ÙŒ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒáÅÐ¡íÒË¹´¢Öé¹à»š¹á¹Ç·Ò§·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒÃ ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ µÑé§áµ‹àÃÔèÁ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ä»¨¹¶Ö§ ¡ÒÃµÔ´µÒÁ µÃÇ¨ÊÍºáÅÐ¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹à»š¹ÀÒÇÐÍÑ¹µÃÒÂ àÁ×èÍáËÅ‹§ã´ä Œ¶Ù¡ ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹à»š¹ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡áÅŒÇ áµ‹ä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ ÙáÅäÁ‹ Õ ¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ¹Ñé¹à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂàÊ×èÍÁâ·ÃÁÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ ¡ç¨Ð¶Ù¡¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹à»š¹ áËÅ‹§·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐÍÑ¹µÃÒÂ áÅÐËÒ¡ÂÑ§äÁ‹ä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢¡çÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¨Óà»š¹ µŒÍ§¶Í´¶Í¹áµ‹¶ŒÒ´Õ¢Öé¹¡ç¨Ð¤×¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ãËŒãËÁ‹ áµ‹¡‹Í¹·Õè¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃ ¶Í´¶Í¹¹Ñé¹¨Ðä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃµÑ¡àµ×Í¹¡‹Í¹µÒÁÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃ ÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒ áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡à»š¹Ë¹ŒÒ·Õè¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èà¨ŒÒ¢Í§áËÅ‹§¹Ñé¹æ ·Ñé§¹Õé¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ã¹ÀÒÇÐÍÑ¹µÃÒÂ¹Ñé¹ à»š¹·Õè ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¡íÒË¹´¢Öé¹ÁÒãªŒ à¾×èÍÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡·Õèà»š¹¼ÙŒ´ÙáÅ ÃÑ¡ÉÒÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¹Ñé¹æ ¤ÍÂ´ÙáÅÃÑ¡ÉÒáÅÐà»š¹ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃà¾×èÍàµ×Í¹ãËŒ ÃÙŒÇ‹Ò ÊÀÒ¾¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Õèä Œ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹äÇŒ¹Ñé¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐÍÑ¹µÃÒÂ µŒÍ§ÃÕººÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒµ‹Ò§æ ãËŒÁÕÊÀÒ¾´Õ¢Öé¹ áÅÐªØÁª¹ ¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ¨ÐµŒÍ§Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í ¡Åä¡´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¨ÐãªŒ¡Ñº »ÃÐà·ÈÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡·Õèà»š¹à ŒÒ¢Í§áËÅ‹§à¾×èÍ» ÔºÑµÔ§Ò¹¡Ñº¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ â´ÂÁÕÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ ´Ñ§¹Õé

• ÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡ÁÕÀÒÃÐË¹ŒÒ·Õèã¹¡ÒÃàÊ¹ÍÃÒÂ§Ò¹»ÃÐ íÒ»‚à¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº àÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ »˜ÞËÒáÅÐÍØ»ÊÃÃ¤ µÅÍ´¨¹¨íÒ à»š¹µŒÍ§ÍÍ¡¡®ËÁÒÂËÃ×Íà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¡®ËÁÒÂà¾×èÍ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ ËÃ×ÍÁÕÁÒµÃÒ¡ÒÃã¹¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃÍÂ‹Ò§Ë¹Öè§ÍÂ‹Ò§ã´·Õè íÒà»š¹µŒÍ§ ·íÒ ·Ñé§·Õè·íÒä»áÅŒÇËÃ×ÍÂÑ§äÁ‹ä Œ·íÒ ¡çµŒÍ§»ÃÒ¡¯ã¹ÃÒÂ§Ò¹ • ·Ò§½†ÒÂ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÏ ä Œ¡íÒË¹´ÇÔ Õ¡ÒÃã¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº áÅÐ¡Åä¡¢Í§¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº ËÅÑ§¨Ò¡·ÕèÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡·íÒ ÃÒÂ§Ò¹»ÃÐ¨íÒ»‚à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºÊÀÒ¾Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ¢Í§´Ô¹á´¹¢Í§µ¹ÁÒÂÑ§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ ·Ò§½†ÒÂÍ§¤�¡Ã ·Õè»ÃÖ¡ÉÒ ä´Œá¡‹ ÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡ÊÀÒ¡ÒÃâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ »ÃÐà·È (International Council on Monuments

same kind of wood is no longer be available for restoring the ancient buildings. To decide on which kind of wood would be the most similar and suitable for replacing the obsolete ancient wood in World Heritage sites is a very delicate process. Such protocols for changes are to be referred from the international framework in the Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites of 1964. World Heritage Committee has developed a compilation of conservation frameworks, measures, and precise criteria for the inscription of properties on the World Heritage List called the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. The guidelines lay out details of every step starting from preparing for nominations to monitoring the state of conservation of World Heritage properties, as well as the criteria for delisting poorly managed World Heritage sites, which would be registered on the World Heritage in Danger List. World Heritage in Danger properties would be under the care of the country the sites are located while they are evaluated. Possible remedial approaches are to be identified before the eventual deletion of the properties from the World Heritage List. If the properties are later restored to meet World Heritage List’s criteria, they can be inscribed on the list again. Nevertheless, for a World Heritage site to be listed on World Heritage in Danger List is not a punishment from World Heritage Committee to the contracting country responsible for the site. It is a crucial warning measure of the state of the property and the urgency of restoration the site needs, which requires restoration efforts from the country the site is located as well as from the International Assistance. Such cooperation mechanism formed between States Party that the site is located and the World Heritage Committee can be laid out in steps as follows.

• International States Parties are obliged to submit annual periodic report on legislative and administration provisions which they have adopted and other actions which they have taken since the application of this Convention, together with details of the experience acquired in this field, as well as planned items not yet implemented. • World Heritage Committee provides evaluation and monitoring process after receiving a periodic report from a States Party. International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) serves as cultural Advisory Bodies, while International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources


12

and Sites ËÃ×Í ICOMOS) à»š¹·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ áÅÐ ã¹¡Ã³Õ¢Í§·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ä´Œá¡‹ ÊËÀÒ¾¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔ à¾ × èÍ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃ Ñ¡É �¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ·Ã Ñ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ (International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources ËÃ×Í World Conservation Union : IUCN) ã¹ ICOMOS «Öè§ÁÕà¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂ·ÕèäÁ‹ãª‹¢Í§ÃÑ° ÍÂÙ‹·ÑèÇâÅ¡ áÅÐÁÕ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ¢Í§áµ‹ÅÐ»ÃÐà·È·Õèà»š¹ ¡ÅØ‹Á¢Í§¡Åä¡·Õèª‹ÇÂã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å â´Âà©¾ÒÐÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§ à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÇÑÊ´Ø áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ´ŒÒ¹ à·¤¹Ô¤¢Í§¡ÒÃ ÙáÅáËÅ‹§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§ÁÕÍÕ¡ËÅÒÂ Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ àª‹¹ ½†ÒÂàÅ¢Ò¹Ø¡ÒÃ¢Í§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ ¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ã¹¡ÃØ§»ÒÃÕÊ »ÃÐà·È½ÃÑè§àÈÊ à»š¹¼ÙŒ·Õèª‹ÇÂ ¡ÃÐµØŒ¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍºÍÕ¡·Ò§Ë¹Öè§ • ¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍºã¹¢Ñé¹ÊØ´·ŒÒÂ¡ç¤×Í àÍÒÃÒÂ§Ò¹·Õè»ÃÐà·È ÊÁÒªÔ¡·Õèà»š¹ÃÒÂ§Ò¹»ÃÐ¨íÒ»‚ä»ÃÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº¢Í§ ICOMOS ËÃ×Í IUCN áÅŒÇáµ‹¡Ã³Õ áÅÐÃÇÁ¡ÑºÃÒÂ§Ò¹ ¢Í§½†ÒÂàÅ¢Ò¹Ø¡ÒÃ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÏ â´Â¨Ðáº‹§¡Ñ¹·íÒà»š¹ ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤ÅÐ 5 »‚µ‹Í¤ÃÑé§ â´Âáº‹§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á »ÃÐà·È ä·ÂÍÂÙ‹¡ÅØ‹ÁàÍà«ÕÂá»«Ô¿�¡Ê� ¡ÅØ‹ÁÍ×è¹æ ¡çÁÕÍàÁÃÔ¡ÒàË¹×Í ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò ÍÒ¿ÃÔ¡Ò áÅÐÍÒËÃÑº ·Ñé§ËÁ´¡çà»š¹ 5 ¡ÅØ‹Á ´ŒÇÂ¡Ñ¹ ÃÒÂ§Ò¹·Ñé§ËÁ´¨Ð¶Ù¡¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÁÒÂÑ§·Õè»ÃÐªØÁãËÞ‹ ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³ÒµÃÇ¨ÊÍºÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Õèä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹äÇŒáÅŒÇ Ç‹ÒÁÕÊÀÒ¾ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ ¶ŒÒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð«Öè§¡íÒÅÑ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃ íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ à¾×èÍ¨Ðá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒãËŒ´Õ¢Öé¹·Õè»ÃÐªØÁ¡çÃÑº·ÃÒº áÅÐ¨ÐÁÕ ÁµÔÇ‹Ò¢ÍãËŒÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁÃÒÂ§Ò¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅŒÇáµ‹ ¡Ã³Õ • ¶ŒÒËÒ¡ÁÕÁÃ´¡âÅ¡áË‹§ã´ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�·Õ è äÁ‹à»š¹·Õè¹‹Ò¾Íã¨ à¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁàÊ×èÍÁâ·ÃÁ ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÏ ¨Ð¾Ô ÒÃ³ÒµÒÁ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹ÐËÃ×ÍµÒÁ·Õè·Õè»ÃÐªØÁÍÀÔ»ÃÒÂ¡Ñ¹ à¾×èÍÃÐ´Áà§Ô¹·Ø¹à¾×èÍÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐãËŒ¤ÇÒÁ ª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í·Ò§´ŒÒ¹à·¤¹Ô¤µ‹Ò§æ ¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·ÈËÃ×ÍÍ§¤�¡Ã·Õè à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ãËŒà¢ŒÒÁÒª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í ¶ŒÒÁÑ¹ÃŒÒÂáÃ§ÁÒ¡ÂÔè§¢Öé¹ ¡ç íÒà»š¹·Õè ÐµŒÍ§¾Ô ÒÃ³ÒÇ‹Ò¤ÇÃÅºª×èÍÍÍ¡ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ËÃ×ÍÂÑ§ãËŒ ¤§ÍÂÙ‹ «Öè§¡ÒÃÅºª×èÍ¹Õé¨Ðà»š¹ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ¢Ñé¹ÊØ´·ŒÒÂã¹¡ÒÃ ·Õè¨Ðà»š¹¢ŒÍªÕéÇ‹ÒÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡·Õèà»š¹à¨ŒÒ¢Í§áËÅ‹§¨íÒà»š¹µŒÍ§ ·íÒÍÐäÃãËŒÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò·Õè·íÒÁÒ

ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃ¢Ö é¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ÁÃ´¡ÃÒÂª× èÍ¹Ñ é¹¨ÐÁÒ¨Ò¡ºÑÞªÕ Tentative List ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼ÅÇ‹ÒáËÅ‹§·Õè¢Í¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹¹Ñé¹ ¢Öé¹´ŒÇÂËÅÑ¡à¡³±�àËµØ¼ÅÍÐäÃ ÊÀÒ¾¢³Ð¹Ñé¹à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ â´Â¨Ð ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒä»ÊíÒÃÇ¨ â´Â¶ŒÒà»š¹àÃ× èÍ§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ IUCN ¡ç¨Ðà»š¹ ¼ÙŒ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ ËÒ¡à»š¹àÃ×èÍ§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¡çãËŒ ICOMOS à»š¹¼ÙŒ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹Ç‹Ò¨Ð¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ã¹ Operation Guideline ÁÕ¡ÒÃÃÐºØàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ ¡íÒË¹´¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§áËÅ‹§ãËŒªÑ´à¨¹´Ô¹á´¹ ÍÑ¹¹ÕéãªŒä´Œ·Ñé§·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐ·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¶ŒÒËÒ¡Ç‹ÒÁÕ·ÃÑ¾Â�ÊÔ¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ã¹ÂØ¤ÊÁÑÂà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ÃÙ»áººà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ÍÂÙ‹ËÅÒÂáË‹§¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈË¹Öè§ »ÃÐà·Èã´¡çµÒÁ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¢ÍàÊ¹Í¢Öé¹à»š¹ Serial ä´Œ àÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Serial Nomination àª‹¹ ¡Ã³Õ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÞÕè»Ø†¹ ·ÕèÁÕËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁ áººà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ 2 ËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ ¶ŒÒÍÂÙ‹¹Í¡»ÃÐà·ÈàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹Ò Transboundary

(IUCN) is responsible as Advisory Bodies for natural World Heritage sites. There are also non-governmental offices in ICOMOS in countries around the world, with their committees coming together as a part of evaluation mechanism of construction, materials, and technical know-how needed in managing cultural sites. Moreover, related agencies such as the Secretariat to the World Heritage Committee at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France, also play a role in the property evaluation process. • The final step in the evaluation process is consolidating national periodic reports from the States Parties into Regional State of the World Heritage reports by adding those prepared by Advisory Bodies such as ICOMOS or IUCN, as applicable, and those prepared by the Secretariat. The consolidated evaluation reports are done by region in six-year cycle. There are 5 regions in total, namely Arab States, Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe and North America region. All Regional State of the World Heritage reports will be presented to the World Heritage Committee, who would review the issues raised regarding the inscribed World Heritage properties and then vote to get resolutions to for issues at hands. • Any of the World Heritage properties not taken care properly and deteriorating would be up for International Assistance grant. Technical assistance will be solicited from related countries or agencies before the final evaluation if the site should be removed from the List. Removing a World Heritage site from the List serves as the last-resort punishment and also the final reflection of what the government where the site is located should have done more to protect it.

As for World Heritage nominations, properties in the Tentative List would be reviewed according to the selection criteria and current state evaluated by field inspection. IUCN would take the responsibility for natural properties, while ICOMOS would take the responsibility of cultural World Heritage. In addition, the Operational Guidelines also include allocation of new territories in controversial areas like borders between countries. For instance, if there are many properties exhibiting a similar culture and architecture across countries in a region, and one of the countries wants to nominate the site to become a World Heritage site. The other properties sharing the same culture and

13

º·ÊÑÁÀÒÉ³� I Interview

architecture can also be nominated as Serial in Serial Nominations. For example, Japan has two villages sharing the same architecture listed as World Heritage. If these properties are not in the same country, they are called Tran boundary properties. Another instance is a U.S. property nominated for a natural World Heritage site. However, the site is located in an area jointly - owned by Canada. Therefore, the Committee recommended that the United States of America jointly nominate the site with Canada for the Tentative List. Four to five years post that, there was the Angkor Wat, which at the time obviously lacked a good administration, shorted of manpower and legislative measures, and was frequently looted. France took the lead in nominating the site, supported by Japan. However, in his own words, Prof. Adul opposed it because, “I wasn’t comfortable making a call on something not beneficial to my own neighboring country like Cambodia. Cambodia and Thailand have nurtured a good relation-ship. Thailand even provided Cambodia with archaeo-logical assistance for Angkor Wat and I want to help out wherever I can. On the contrary, I wore another hat as one of 21 committee members of international countries and I had to oblige to a set of criteria. I couldn’t support a case that didn’t meet our criteria. It eventually turned out that Angkor Wat was listed as a World Heritage in Danger site and at the same time was announced as a World Heritage site. At this point, Cambodia was then informed of the urgent needs of the property as a World Heritage in Danger site.” For Thailand, Prof. Dr.Adul stated that we also need to meet the criteria for administrating our World Heritage properties properly. For example, Ban Chiang Archaeological Site is an outdoor museum, where the bones and the artifacts are displayed out in the open, and that way they will keep deteriorating. In a sustainable approach done in many countries such as Canada, Russia, and China, we need to keep the original artifacts safe and display only the imitated ones, such as bones made from resin. Finally, it is important for all Thais to be aware of and to be able to involve in sustainable conservation. The editor Environment and Nature Journal hopes to bring you more insights from the talented Prof. Dr.Adul in our upcoming issues.ß

áµ‹µŒÍ§àËÁ×Í¹¡Ñ¹ «Öè§ã¹Í´ÕµÁÕµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õè·Ò§ÊËÃÑ°ÍàÁÃÔ¡Ò¢Í¢Öé¹ ·ÐàºÕÂ¹áËÅ‹§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ«Öè§ÍÂÙ‹·Ò§µÍ¹àË¹×ÍµÔ´à¢µá¤¹Ò´Ò ·Ò§ ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÏ àÊ¹ÍÇ‹ÒÁÕ¾×é¹·Õè·Õèà»š¹¢Í§á¤¹Ò´ÒÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÃà»š¹·Õè Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�àËÁ×Í¹¡Ñ¹ ¢ÍãËŒä»»ÃÖ¡ÉÒ¡Ñºá¤¹Ò´Ò¨Ðä´Œ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ «Öè§ÊËÃÑ°Ï ¡ç·íÒµÒÁ¹Ñé¹ ÍÕ¡ 4 - 5 »‚µ‹ÍÁÒ¡ç¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ ÊíÒËÃÑºàÃ×èÍ§¹¤ÃÇÑ´ ¼Á´ÙáÅŒÇäÁ‹ÁÕá¼¹¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèäÁ‹à¾ÕÂ§¾Í ¡ÒÃÅÑ¡¢âÁÂ¡çÁÕÁÒ¡ äÁ‹ÁÕ¡®ËÁÒÂ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ áµ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃÇÔè§àµŒ¹â´ÂÁÕ»ÃÐà·È½ÃÑè§àÈÊ áÅÐÞÕè»Ø†¹à»š¹¼ÙŒÊ¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ «Öè§¼Á¤ŒÒ¹ã¹·Õè»ÃÐªØÁ «Öè§¼Á¡Å‹ÒÇã¹·Õè»ÃÐªØÁÇ‹Ò “¼ÁàÍ§ÃÙŒÊÖ¡äÁ‹ÊºÒÂã¨·ÕèµŒÍ§µÑ´ÊÔ¹ã¨·íÒ ÍÐäÃä»ã¹ÊÔè§«Öè§´ÙÃÒÇ¡ÑºÇ‹ÒäÁ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃà¡×éÍ¡ÙÅ¡Ñº»ÃÐà·Èà¾×èÍ¹ºŒÒ¹ ¼ÁºÍ¡Ç‹Òà¢ÁÃ¡Ñºä·ÂÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸�¡Ñ¹´Õ »ÃÐà·Èä·ÂãËŒ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í ·Ò§ ŒÒ¹âºÃÒ³¤ Õ áµ‹ã¹°Ò¹Ð¶ŒÒ¾Ô ÒÃ³Òã¹á§‹¼Áà»š¹¼ÙŒá·¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ¡çµŒÍ§Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹à¾×èÍ¹ºŒÒ¹ àÃÒ¡çÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸�¡Ñ¹´Õ¡çª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ÍÍÑ¹¹Õé¡ç ª‹ÇÂ¡Ñ¹Ë¹‹ÍÂ áµ‹ã¹ÍÕ¡°Ò¹ÐË¹Öè§¼ÁÁÒ¹Ñè§¹Ö¡Ç‹Òã¹°Ò¹Ðà»š¹¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ ¤¹Ë¹Öè§ã¹ 21 »ÃÐà·È ¼Á¨ÐµŒÍ§»¯ÔºÑµÔµÒÁËÅÑ¡à¡³±�·Õè¡íÒË¹´äÇŒ ËÒ¡äÁ‹µÃ§ËÅÑ¡à¡³±�¼Á¡çäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶Ê¹ÑºÊ¹Ø¹ä´Œ «Öè§ã¹·ÕèÊØ´¨ºÅ§ ´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃàÍÒ¹¤ÃÇÑ´¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ãËŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐÍÑ¹µÃÒÂ¾ÃŒÍÁ¡Ñ¹¡Ñº·Õè »ÃÐ¡ÒÈÇ‹ÒÃÑº¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ã¹ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃ»ÃÐ¡ÒÈ¢Öé¹ÀÒÇÐ ÍÑ¹µÃÒÂ¡çµŒÍ§ªÕéá¨§Ç‹ÒÍÐäÃºŒÒ§·Õè¢Ò´µ¡º¡¾Ã‹Í§áÅÐãËŒÃÑ°ÊÁÒªÔ¡ ¡ÑÁ¾ÙªÒä»¨Ñ´¡ÒÃàÃ×èÍ§àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé·Ñ¹·Õ” Ê‹Ç¹àÃ×èÍ§¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹¢Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â·ÕèàÃÒä´Œ¢Öé¹ ·ÐàºÕÂ¹áÅŒÇ ¡ÒÃ¨ÐÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ãËŒÂÑè§Â×¹¹Ñé¹ÁÕËÅÒÂà§×èÍ¹ä¢áÅÐÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´ ÍÂ‹Ò§àÃ×èÍ§¾Ô¾Ô¸ÀÑ³±�ºŒÒ¹àªÕÂ§¡ç¨ÐµŒÍ§»ÃÑº»ÃØ§ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ºŒÒ¹àªÕÂ§ à»š¹¾×é¹·Õèà»�´·Õè¨Ñ´áÊ´§â¤Ã§¡ÃÐ´Ù¡ ËÃ×ÍÍÂ‹Ò§·ÕèÍÂØ¸ÂÒËÁÙ‹ºŒÒ¹ â»ÃµØà¡Ê¹Ò¹æ à¢ŒÒÁÑ¹¡ç¨Ð¼Ø¡Ã‹Í¹ ÊÔè§·ÕèàÃÒµŒÍ§·íÒ¡ç¤×Í µŒÍ§ãªŒ ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃ·Õèà¢Ò·íÒ¡Ñ¹ÁÒ¡ã¹á¤¹Ò´Ò ÃÑÊà«ÕÂ ¨Õ¹ ¤×Í¡ÒÃ¨íÒÅÍ§ Ê‹Ç¹·Õè Ð¹íÒÁÒáÊ´§ â¤Ã§¡ÃÐ Ù¡à¢Ò·íÒà»š¹¢Í§à·ÕÂÁ ¤×Í·íÒ ŒÇÂàÃ«Ôè¹ «Öè§ËÅ‹ÍáÅŒÇÍÍ¡ÁÒàËÁ×Í¹¡Ñº¢Í§¨ÃÔ§ áµ‹¤ÇÒÁ¨ÃÔ§à»š¹¢Í§»ÅÍÁ·Ñé§¹Ñé¹ ¢Í§¨ÃÔ§¹Ñé¹à¡çºÍÂÙ‹ã¹·Õèæ «Öè§äÁ‹ÊÙÞÊÅÒÂ ·ÕèàÅ‹ÒÁÒ·Ñé§ËÁ´¡çà»š¹àÃ×èÍ§·Õè¤Ô´Ç‹Ò¤¹ä·Â¹‹Ò¨Ðä´ŒÃÑº·ÃÒºäÇŒ à¾×èÍ¨Ðä´Œà¢ŒÒã¨áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�à¾×èÍ¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ µ‹Íä»ä´Œ ·Ñé§¹Õé¡Í§ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃËÇÑ§à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§·Õè¨ÐãËŒ·‹Ò¹¼ÙŒÍ‹Ò¹ ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨àÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ ÂÑè§Â×¹äÁ‹ÁÒ¡¡ç¹ŒÍÂ áÅÐà¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ÈÒÊµÃÒ¨ÒÃÂ� ´Ã.Í ØÅà»š¹¼ÙŒ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÁÒ¡ ·Ò§¡Í§ºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ¨Ð¾ÂÒÂÒÁ¹íÒàÃ×èÍ§ÃÒÇã¹ »ÃÐà´ç¹·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞµ‹Ò§æ ÁÒàÅ‹ÒÊÙ‹¡Ñ¹¿˜§ã¹¤ÃÒÇµ‹Íæ ä»ß

“ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡” ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ ÁÃ´¡à¢Ò ÁÃ´¡ã¤Ã?“World Heritage” Ours, Theirs, or Whose?

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ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂÙ ‹ã¹¤ÃÍº¤ÃÍ§·Õ èäÁ ‹µ ŒÍ§áÂ‹§ªÔ§¡ÃÃÁÊÔ·¸Ô ì¡ Ñºã¤Ã

The media has just recently jumped on the

bandwagon over the world heritage fever. Issue on the

right of Preah Vihear Temple involves with the obvious

benefit such as area or sum of money derived from

tourism industry and with the hidden benefit like local

politic. These can trigger conflict since both sides have

their “honor” at stake. It is difficult to predict the final

outcome from this global dispute.

While that world heritage is still unsettled,

looking into our national treasures, we will find many

of our rightful world heritages. How have these existing

world heritages been taken care of? Follow us to find

out the current conditions of Sukhothai, Sri Satchanalai,


14

EditorºÃÃ³Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

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»ÃÔÞÞÒµÃÕ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹àÈÃÉ°ÈÒÊµÃ� «Öè§áÁŒ¨ÐäÁ‹à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§â´ÂµÃ§¡Ñº

ÊÒ¢Ò§Ò¹·Õè·íÒÍÂÙ‹ áµ‹àÁ×èÍË¹ŒÒ·Õè¡ÒÃ§Ò¹¡íÒË¹´ãËŒµŒÍ§ÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤Œ¹¤ÇŒÒ

·Ñé§¨Ò¡µíÒÃÒ ¨Ò¡º·¤ÇÒÁ áÅÐ¨Ò¡ºØ¤¤Å·Õèà»š¹¼ÙŒàªÕèÂÇªÒÞ ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ

·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡ÊÔè§µ‹Ò§æ àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé ¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡áÅÐÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔã¨ã¹¶Ôè¹°Ò¹

ºŒÒ¹à¡Ô ¢Í§µÑÇàÍ§ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹¡Ç‹Ò¤ÃÑé§¡‹Í¹ ·íÒãËŒà¸Í·Ø‹Áà·àÇÅÒãËŒ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ

·íÒ§Ò¹·Õè¹ÕèÁÒ¡Ç‹Ò ñð »‚ áÅŒÇ

¤Ø³¢ÇÑÞËÅŒÒàÅ ×Í¡·Õ è¨ÐÈÖ¡ÉÒµ‹Íã¹ÊÒ¢ÒÈÖ¡ÉÒÈÒÊµÃ�

àÍ¡á¹Ðá¹Ç à¾×èÍ¨Ð¹íÒ·ÄÉ®ÕáÅÐ·Ñ¡ÉÐã¹àÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃãËŒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ

¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒá¡‹¡ÅØ‹Á¤¹ã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ðµ‹Ò§æ ÁÒ»ÃÐÂØ¡µ�ãªŒ¡Ñº¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·Õè

Kampaengphet Historical Parks, the world cultural heritage

1 in 3 of Thailand that the World Heritage Committee

of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the

World Cultural and Natural Heritage has declared world

heritage between the year 1991 and 1992.

Heritage.... Of Monetary Aspect Fifteen years ago, UNESCO declared Thailand’s

natural and cultural heritage, the world heritage of

significance to mankind. The four sites “Sukhothai, Sri

Satchanalai, Kampaengphet Historical Parks,” “Ayutthaya

Historical Park,” “Ban Chiang Archaeological Site,” and

“Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries” were

enlisted on world heritage. This has brought fame and

pride, but for the locals in Sukhothai, Ayutthaya, and

Udonthani, they have more than that. Huge income is

from tourists for restaurant, souvenir shops, guesthouse, as

well as bicycle rental for area sight-seeing. A souvenir

vendor in the Sukhothai Historical Park told us about her

business from the start that it was in high demand that

she had to hire for helpers. Even today without special

events, tourists still visit the site and bring locals good

source of income.

Heritage.... Brought Job Everyday from morning through evening, besides

tourists from around the world, we can see locals who

make a living in the Historical Park with their happy

smiles. It indicates a good morale as they are never

tired of working since their jobs are the pride of their

homeland.

Miss Kwanla Lumjuen, a field expert at Sri Satchanalai

Historical Park has devoted her life for her homeland. She

graduated in Economics. Despite her unrelated field of

study, her job requires that she researches from books,

articles, and experts. The knowledge acquired from these

sources forms her passion and pride for her homeland.

She has devoted for this job for over 10 years.

Miss Kwanla chose to pursue her study in Education,

majoring in guidance so she can apply theory and skill

on knowledge sharing for people to tourists who have

different background, attention, and interest. Her job

is to communicate to these groups of people to the

best of her knowledge. Miss Kwanla gave an interesting

point of view that besides differences in age and

education background of groups of visitors, ethnicity

between Thai and foreigners are also significant worthy of

consideration.

15

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“Foreigners seem to have more interests from the

origin of the city. Each building has been built from

some inspiration. Especially, international tourists like to ask

in details such as structure and pattern of architecture,

which pagoda is an authentic Sukhothai, which has been

influenced from Cambodian cultural art since they have

had gathered some information beforehand.”

Miss Kwanla went on to say that the opinions of

Thai tourists were mostly concerned about the construction

of something for convenience such as restroom which

seems insufficient to accommodate Thai tourists which

usually come in big group. For foreign tourists, Miss Kwanla

gave a viewpoint from her experience that: “Probably

the most wanted for them is nearby accommodation

since there are too few of them. These tourists are

interested in the history, structure of pagoda and they

cannot catch them all up in a day. Accommodation

here in Sri Satchanalai is not enough.”

Moreover, Miss Kwanla also wants the maintenance

of these valuable constructions in order to prevent

deterioration which includes the protection of new city

quarter to let no constructions blocking the view of the

park landscape.

“Besides, the community environment here should

be better. It could be done through zoning. Basically,

master plan of the park from what I read or knew

that many heads of the park paid more attention to

constructions which must look clean with the landscape.

More importantly, the majority of officials here, excluding

executives, state officers, and archeologists, everybody

works together with the locals. Cooperation and response

are easy to do since they have good understanding and

are in a loving atmosphere.”

Miss Kwanla gave a final interesting opinion that

even world heritage could be meaningless if not for

the love and pride of the locals that keep the world

heritage alive.

Heritage.... Everlasting Beauty If we compare Sri Satchanalai to a girl, her beauty

is so appealing that many people must come back to

her.

Professor Komsan Theerapabwong, Assistant Dean of

International Affairs, Department of Architecture, Chiang

Mai University, is another one who has been indulged

into the beauty of Sri Satchanalai. The impression comes

not only from the appearance but also a deep study

and understanding in its history and culture.


16

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¤³ÐÊ¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁÈÒÊµÃ� ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ ¡çà»š¹ÍÕ¡Ë¹Öè§ºØÃØÉ

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à¾ÕÂ§à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃª×è¹ªÁ´ŒÇÂÊÒÂµÒ ËÒ¡áµ‹ÂÑ§ÁÕ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒã¹´ŒÒ¹

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“¤ÃÑé§áÃ¡·Õè¼Áä´ŒàËç¹ ÊÔè§áÃ¡ÊØ´·Õè¼Á»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨¤×ÍàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃ

ÇÒ§¼Ñ§¢Í§·Õè¹Õè àÃ×èÍ§á¡¹àÁ×Í§ µíÒáË¹‹§¢Í§áÁ‹¹éíÒÂÁ áµ‹¾Íä´ŒÁÒ´Ù

¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÊÍ§ ¤ÃÑé§·ÕèÊÒÁ ¡çä´ŒàËç¹ÅÖ¡¶Ö§àÃ×èÍ§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ µÑé§áµ‹¡ÒÃ·íÒàµÒ

·ØàÃÕÂ§ ËÁŒÍ äË µ‹Ò§æ ÂÔè§·íÒãËŒ¼ÁÃÙŒÊÖ¡Ê¹ã¨ ¹à¼ÅÍæ ÍÒ¨·íÒãËŒ

àËç¹Ç‹Ò·Õè¹ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒÊØâ¢·ÑÂ´ŒÇÂ«éíÒ ÊíÒËÃÑº¼Á ÁÑ¹ÁÕ

ÍÐäÃÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹Ñé¹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡ÊÀÒ¾·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙ‹ ÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§ÇÑ´·ÕèÇÒ§ âÍŒâË..

¼ÁÇ‹ÒÁÑ¹»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò·Õèà¤Âä´Œ´ÙÁÒ”

à»š¹¤ÇÒÁ»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨ ·Õè¨ÐàÃÕÂ¡Ç‹ÒÃÑ¡áÃ¡¾º¡ç¤§äÁ‹¼Ô´¹Ñ¡

à¾ÃÒÐËÅÑ§¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ àÁ×èÍã´·ÕèÁÕâÍ¡ÒÊ ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ�¤ÁÊÑ¹¡ç¨ÐáÇÐàÇÕÂ¹ÁÒ

àÂÕèÂÁªÁÊ¶Ò¹·ÕèáË‹§¹ÕéàÊÁÍ áµ‹äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¤ÃÑé§äË¹ Á¹µ�àÊ¹‹Ë�áË‹§ÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂ

¡ç´Ù¨ÐäÁ‹àÊ×èÍÁ¤ÅÒÂ ¹Í¡àË¹×Íä»¨Ò¡¹Ñé¹ ã¹°Ò¹Ð¢Í§Ê¶Ò»¹Ô¡

ÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂã¹ÁÔµÔ¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨¢Í§ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ�¤ÁÊÑ¹¨Ö§ÁÕàÃ× èÍ§¢Í§¡ÒÃ

¨Ñ´ÇÒ§¼Ñ§àÁ×Í§»¹ÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇÂ «Öè§ã¹á§‹¹Õé ÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂ¡çà»ÃÕÂºàËÁ×Í¹ÅÒÂ

á·§·ÕèËÒ¡ÁÕ¼ÙŒ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¶Í´ÃËÑÊÅÒÂá·§¹Õéä´Œ ¡ç¨ÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¢ŒÒã¨

»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ� ÃÇÁä»¶Ö§á¹Ç¤Ô´¢Í§ºÃÃ¾ºØÃØÉ·Õèà»š¹ÃÒ¡àË§ŒÒ¢Í§

àÃÒä´Œ

“¼ÁªÍºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òæ ·ÕèÂÑ§ÁÕ¤¹ÍÂÙ‹´ŒÇÂÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò ÍÂ‹Ò§àÇÅÒä»

àÇ¹ÔÊ ËÃ×Í ¿ÅÍàÃ¹«� ¤×ÍÁÑ¹ÁÕÇÔ¶ÕªÕÇÔµ¢Í§¤¹ÍÂÙ‹ã¹¹Ñé¹ ÁÑ¹ÁÕ¤¹¢ÒÂ¢Í§

ÁÕÁØÁ·Õè¤¹¹Ñè§¤ØÂ¡Ñ¹ ¡Ô¹¡Òá¿ ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµàÅç¡æ ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹ã¹

àÁ×Í§ áµ‹·ÕèàÃÒÍÂÙ‹·Õè¹Õè¤×Í ÁÑ¹¶Ù¡áÂ¡Ê‹Ç¹ ÁÑ¹´ÙáËŒ§ ¡ÅÒÂà»š¹Ç‹Ò

“The first time I saw it, my initial impression was the

town planning like the positions of town center and the

river Yom. On my later visits, I looked into the culture

from pottery making and it has my interests. To me it

even could be more important than Sukhothai. There

is something in there beyond present conditions or the

position of temples. Wow! This is so impressive!”

It was an impression at first sight. Later on whenever

he has a chance, Prof. Komsan always pays a visit at Sri

Satchanalai. Each time its charm has never faded away.

Besides, as an architect, Sri Satchanalai contains what

Prof. Komsan is interested in, town planning. This aspect,

Sri Satchanalai resembles a treasure map. Whoever be

able to unlock it will find himself understand history and

our root through ancestors’ mindset.

“I like living old towns. Like Venice or Florence, people

are still living in there. There are plenty of human’s way

of life, traders, caf at the corner, and a city slowly

flourishing. Here, we have separated them. They look dull.

People live in one zone or maybe this is because we

are accustomed to it as it is easy to handle.”

The knowledge and experience gained from travelling

abroad, Prof. Komsan has many good ideas on

development and management of this world heritage

masterpiece.

“Technology can be applied for knowledge or

information sharing like the headset or earphone. We can

use it as a self-learning tool while walking. What am I

interested in, I can learn it by just pressing the button

and listen to the information. This temple has a lot to

offer and there is no need to go by a large group. This

can be an effective way of data presentation.”

“Or perhaps, using electricity like lighting show in

the evening, Sri Satchanalai is very charming through

time. Will it be in the daybreak, daytime, evening, or

nighttime, its beauty is distinguishable.”

Prof. Komsan’s suggestions might attract many

disagreements, for example; budget appropriation

received from the state is insufficient. However, what does

the insufficient really mean? Can it be a total lack of

money or just bad allocation. As a Chiang Mai resident,

Prof. Komsan gives us an example:

“We try to invest a lot, Chiang Mai for example,

the Night Safari needs a lot of money with new

constructions and animals. Tourists can find this type of

attraction in many countries. In Thailand, there are so

17


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“ÁÑ¹ÍÒ¨¨ÐÁÕàÃ×èÍ§¢Í§à·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·ÕèàÍÒà¢ŒÒÁÒãªŒä´Œ¡Ñº¡ÒÃãËŒ

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áÅŒÇ ÁÒ¶Ö§ÇÑ´¹ÕéÁÕÍÐäÃ¹‹ÒÊ¹ã¨ µÃ§¹Ñé¹ µÃ§¹ÕéÁÕÊÔè§¹‹ÒÊÑ§à¡µµÃ§äË¹

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“ËÃ×ÍÍÒ¨¨Ð¨Ñ´¡ÒÃàÃ×èÍ§ä¿¿‡Ò áÊ§ÊÕ àª‹¹ ÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´äÅ·�µÔé§

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¤èíÒ ¤ÇÒÁÊÇÂ§ÒÁ¨Ðµ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹àÅÂ¹Ð”

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á»ÅÇ‹Ò äÁ‹ÁÕ ËÃ×ÍÁÕ áµ‹¢Ò´¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´ÊÃÃ»˜¹Ê‹Ç¹·Õè´Õ? ã¹°Ò¹Ð·Õè

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“àÃÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁÅ§·Ø¹ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ à¾×èÍ¨Ð¨Ñ´ÍÐäÃÍÂ‹Ò§¹Õé

àª‹¹·ÕèàªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ àÃÒà¾Ôè§à»�´ Night safari Å§·Ø¹àÂÍÐÁÒ¡ µŒÍ§

ÊÃŒÒ§·ÕèãËÁ‹æ µŒÍ§ËÒÊÑµÇ�ÁÒ¡ «Öè§ÊÑµÇ�ÍÒ¨¨ÐäÁ‹ä ŒªÍº ËÃ×Í¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ

ÍÒ¨¨ÐàËç¹ÊÔè§àËÅ‹Ò¹Õéã¹»ÃÐà·ÈÍ×è¹¡çä´Œ áµ‹¶ŒÒÁÒ·Õè¹Õè ¢Í§´Õæ àÃÒÁÕ

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“«Öè§ËÒ¡·íÒä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§ Museum ·Õè¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´áÊ´§

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µÍ¹¹ÕéÁÕà¾ÕÂ§áµ‹ Outdoor ¶ŒÒ¨ÐÁÕ Indoor ËÃ×Í¶ŒÒÁÕ Museum ÁÑ¹

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¡çàÃÔèÁàË¹×èÍÂáÅŒÇ ÃÐ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨¡çÅ´Å§·Ñ¹·Õ «Öè§¡çà»š¹¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¢Í§

Outdoor excursion ÍÂÙ‹áÅŒÇ ÍÕ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§·ÕèÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂ ÁÑ¹¡ÇŒÒ§áÅÐ

ÂÔè§ãËÞ‹ÁÒ¡ ÍÒ¨¨Ð·íÒãËŒÁÍ§àËç¹ÀÒ¾ÃÇÁä´ŒÂÒ¡ áµ‹¶ŒÒà¡Ô´

àÃÒÁÕ¡ÒÃÃÇÁÍÐäÃäÇŒ·Õèà´ÕÂÇ ÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´áÊ´§·Õè´Õ à¤ŒÒ¡çãªŒÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ

¤ÃÖè§ÇÑ¹àÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ·Õè¹Ñè¹ä ŒàÅÂ áÅÐ¾Íä ŒÍÍ¡ÁÒàËç¹¢Í§¨ÃÔ§¡ç ÐÂÔè§»ÃÐ·Ñºã¨

ÁÒ¡¢Öé¹ §‹ÒÂ¢Öé¹”

ã¹°Ò¹Ð·Õèà»š¹ÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ� Ë¹ŒÒ·Õè¡ÒÃÊ‹§µ‹Í¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒÊÙ‹Í¹Øª¹ÃØ‹¹ËÅÑ§

¨Ö§à»š¹Ë¹ŒÒ·Õè·ÕèÍÒ¨ÒÃÂ�¤ÁÊÑ¹ÂÔ¹´Õ»¯ÔºÑµÔÍÂÙ‹àÊÁÍ àª‹¹ã¹¤ÃÑé§¹Õé·Õèä´Œ

¾Ò¤³Ð¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂàªÕÂ§ãËÁ‹ÁÒÅ§¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁ§ÒÁ

·Ò§´ŒÒ¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁä·Â «Öè§äÁ‹ãª‹á¤‹à¾ÕÂ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ

ËÒ¡áµ‹ÃÇÁä»¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔã¨µ‹ÍÈÃÕÊÑª¹ÒÅÑÂ ¡ç¨Ð¶Ù¡

¶‹ÒÂ·Í´Ê×ºµ‹Íä»ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ

“¡ÒÃ¨Ð¾Ò¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒÁÒ·Õè¹Õè¡çµŒÍ§¤Ò´ËÇÑ§ÍÂÙ‹áÅŒÇ¤ÃÑº ¤×ÍË¹Öè§

à´ç¡¨ÐµŒÍ§ÃÙŒã¹àÃ×èÍ§·ÕèàÃÒµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ¨ÐÊÍ¹ ¤×Í »ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�Ê¶Ò»˜µÂ-

¡ÃÃÁä·Â ÍÑ¹·ÕèÊÍ§¤§¨ÐãËŒà¤ŒÒä´Œ Get ¶Ö§ Sense ËÃ×Í Spirit

¢Í§àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò Ç‹ÒÊÔè§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹àÁ×Í§¨ÃÔ§æ¹Õè ÅÍ§¹Ö¡ÀÒ¾´ÙÇ‹Ò¶ŒÒà¡Ô´

àÃÒÂŒÍ¹¡ÅÑºä»¹Ñè§ Time machine ¡ÅÑºä» ·Ø¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÊÁºÙÃ³�ËÁ´

ÁÑ¹¤§¨ÐÍÅÑ§¡ÒÃÁÒ¡ ¤§¹‹Òµ×è¹àµŒ¹ «Öè§¼Á¤Ô´Ç‹Òà´ç¡à¢ÒÊÑÁ¼ÑÊä´Œ

many things that only exist here. It is already possible

but is it good to make it happen?”

“It would be better if we can make museum

in Ayutthaya a good exhibition and more interesting

presentation. What we have now is people come to

see an outdoor demonstration. Indoor showcase or

museum can draw more children’s attention. As we

know, people get exhausted from heat and they can

walk only within a few temples before getting tired. Their

interests would diminish. This is a limitation of outdoor

excursion. Sri Satchanalai is so vast and huge that a

complete tour is difficult. But if we put all of them into

one place and have a good demonstration, then people

can only spend half a day to learn the site background.

They then get a real trip with more impression.”

As an instructor, Prof. Komsan is willing to pass the

knowledge to the younger generations. He guides a

group of Chiang Mai University students on a field trip

to study the beauty of history of Thai architecture. Not

only the knowledge, but also passion and pride of Sri

Satchanalai are passing to his students.

“Taking a field trip with students, I have expectation

that they learn to understand the history of Thai

architecture. I also would like to see that they have

a sense or spirit of old towns by imagining what had

happened here. Traveling through a time machine,

everything was perfect and extraordinary. This could be

so exciting and I think that they can feel it too. But it

is not just looking at something, they need a mentor to

guide them through so they can see the beauty and

greatness, and be undoubtedly proud of this heritage.”

“To me, this place is my most favorite comparing

to other places. Excuse my saying that Ayutthaya has so

much garbage in there. There are things not quite right

in it. Too many businesses bother tourists. Management


18

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ã¨ã¹ÁÃ´¡ªÔé¹¹ÕéÍÂ‹Ò§ªÑ´à¨¹”

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¨¹ºÒ§·Õ·íÒãËŒ¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇÃÙŒÊÖ¡ÃíÒ¤ÒÞ¾ÍÊÁ¤ÇÃ ã¹Ê‹Ç¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ

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ÍÑ§·Ã§¤Ø³¤‹Ò äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¤Ø³¨ÐÁÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡¨Ò¡ÁØÁäË¹ äÁ‹Ç‹ÒÁÃ´¡âÅ¡

¨Ðà»š¹¢Í§àÃÒËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ ¤Ø³¤‹Ò·Õèá·Œ¨ÃÔ§¢Í§¡ŒÍ¹ËÔ¹·ÕèàÃÕÂ§ÃÒÂã¹áµ‹ÅÐ

¡ŒÍ¹·Ñº«ŒÍ¹à»š¹¡íÒá¾§àÁ×Í§ àÊÒËÔ¹ ÇÔËÒÃ à¨´ÕÂ� ËÃ×Í¾ÃÐ¾Ø·¸ÃÙ»

áÁŒ¨Ð´Ù·ÃØ´â·ÃÁÅ§µÒÁ¡ÒÅàÇÅÒ áµ‹¡çä´ŒÁÍº¤Ø³¤‹Ò·ÕèÂÔè§ãËÞ‹ Ê×èÍ

¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ÁÃ´¡ÍÑ¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õè¤¹·Ñé§âÅ¡¤ÇÃ¨ÐÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¡Ñ¹ª‹ÇÂÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇŒ

à¾ÃÒÐ¼ÙŒ·Õ èä´ŒÃÑºÁÃ´¡ÍÑ¹ÁÕ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ÂÔ è§¹Õ é·Õ èá·Œ¨ÃÔ§ÍÒ¨äÁ‹ãª‹à¾ÕÂ§

¾Ç¡àÃÒ áµ‹à»š¹àÂÒÇª¹¤¹ÃØ‹¹µ‹ÍÁÒ¢Í§âÅ¡ ·Õè¨Ðä´ŒàËç¹áÅÐ»ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É�

¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÂÔè§ãËÞ‹¢Í§ÊÔè§·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÁÒÂ·Õè¤¹ËÅÒÂª‹Ç§ÍÒÂØ¤¹¡‹Í¹Ë¹ŒÒ

à¢Òä´ŒÃÔàÃÔèÁ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§¢Öé¹ÁÒ â´ÂÁÕ¾Ç¡àÃÒã¹ÇÑ¹¹Õéä´ŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇŒãËŒ

Ê×º·Í´µ‹Íä»ã¹Í¹Ò¤µß

of the site and maintenance of the yard or cleanliness

of the ancient sites here have been very well done.

More importantly, I find that the atmosphere here seems

always beautiful and impressive. Good lighting together

with architecture can enchant photography.”

For those who have chances to visit famous places in

the country either for pleasure or business, Sri Satchanalai

is the number one which clearly stands for its value

as the world heritage. Prof. Komsan has made his final

statement:

“Time and people change, but whenever I come

back here, this place is always beautiful and impressive.”

Whatever aspects we are looking into, money, job

or burden on maintenance, and the beauty of the world

heritage, whether or not it is our world heritage, the real

value of city walls that made of stones, poles, temples,

pagodas, or the Buddha images, even deteriorating

through time, their greatness as important world heritages

should the citizens of the world help to preserve. The

heritages belong to the next generations as we have

come to realize the greatness of many generations

before us had initiated, and today we as a follower help

carry on this mission for the future.ß

19


1 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 8Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ1 Environmental Official, Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning

ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´Œ¶Ù¡¡íÒË¹´¢Öé¹

â´ÂÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔ ÇÑ¹¹Õé Ö§¶×Íà»š¹ÇÑ¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞã¹ÃÐ Ñº¹Ò¹ÒªÒµÔÇÑ¹Ë¹Öè§

â´ÂÍ§¤�¡ÒÃÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔä Œ¡íÒË¹´ãËŒÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á¢Í§·Ø¡»‚

à»š¹ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹àÅ¢Ò¸Ô¡ÒÃ

Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ Ö§ä ŒÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁãËŒ»ÃÐà·È

ÀÒ¤ÕÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ ãªŒÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¹Õé

¼ÅÑ¡ Ñ¹ãËŒàÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾

ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹à»š¹ÇÒÃÐáË‹§ªÒµÔ â´Â¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´§Ò¹ËÃ×Í¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ

©ÅÍ§ÇÑ¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¹Õéã¹»ÃÐà·È¢Í§µ¹¾ÃŒÍÁ¡Ñº¹Ò¹Ò»ÃÐà·È à¾×èÍãËŒ

¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨áÅÐÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁµÃÐË¹Ñ¡ãËŒ¡Ñº»ÃÐªÒª¹·Ø¡¡ÅØ‹Á

·Ø¡ÊÒ¢ÒÍÒªÕ¾ã¹¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�¤ÇÒÁ

ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹

ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¹Ñé¹ à ÔÁ¡íÒË¹´ãËŒà»š¹

ÇÑ¹·Õè 29 ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á«Öè§à»š¹ÇÑ¹·ÕèÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ

·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ÁÕ»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤Õ¤Ãº 30 »ÃÐà·È ·íÒãËŒÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ

ÁÕ¼ÅºÑ§¤ÑºãªŒã¹»‚ ¤.È.1993 (¾.È.2536) áµ‹à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ÇÑ¹´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ

ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ª‹Ç§ÇÑ¹¤ÃÔÊµ�ÁÒÊáÅÐÇÑ¹¢Öé¹»‚ãËÁ‹«Öè§à»š¹ª‹Ç§à·È¡ÒÅ ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡Å

áË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¨Ö§äÁ‹ÍÒ¨à»š¹·Õè¨´¨íÒÁÒ¡à·‹Ò·Õè¤ÇÃ

Ñ§¹Ñé¹ã¹¡ÒÃ»ÃÐªØÁÊÁÑªªÒÊË»ÃÐªÒªÒµÔÊÁÑÂÊÒÁÑÞã¹à ×Í¹ Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á

¤.È. 2000 ¨Ö§ä´ŒÁÕÁµÔãËŒ¶×ÍàÍÒÇÑ¹·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÍ§à¹×éÍËÒÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ

³ ¡ÃØ§ä¹âÃºÕ »ÃÐà·Èà¤¹ÂÒ ¤×ÍÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á¢Í§·Ø¡»‚

à»š¹ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾

The International Day for Biological Diversity has

been declared by the United Nations to be on the 22nd

of May. As a result, the Secretariat of the Convention

on Biological Diversity has encouraged parties to launch

the International Day for Biological Diversity and ensure

that conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity

becomes part of their national agenda. Celebrations like

campaigns or activities for the event should be nationally

undertaken along with international celebration to

promote knowledge, understanding, and public awareness

on the importance of conservation and sustainable

utilization of biodiversity in all sectors.

The International Day for Biological Diversity was

first designated on the 29th of December, which was

the date that the Convention on Biological Diversity

reached the threshold of 30 parties, thereby entering into

force in 1993. However, since that day falls during the

Christmas and New Year holidays the UN General

Assembly in December 2000, agreed to use the date of

adoption of the text of the convention on the 22nd of

May as International Day for Biological Diversity.


20

ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃThe International Day for Biological Diversity : Biological Diversity and Agriculture

Praopan Tongsom1à¾ÃÒ¾ÃÃ³ ·Í§ÊŒÁ1

21

¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ I Balance and Diverse

»ÃÐà·È·ÑèÇâÅ¡ä´ŒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Íã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁà¾×èÍ©ÅÍ§

ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ »ÃÐà·Èä·Ââ´Â


ã¹°Ò¹ÐË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹¡ÅÒ§»ÃÐÊÒ¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ

¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ä´Œ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁµ‹Ò§æ ¢Öé¹·Ø¡»‚à¾×èÍ

©ÅÍ§ÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅÏ ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´»ÃÐªØÁÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ

»ÅÙ¡äÁŒ¾×é¹àÁ×Í§·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹»ÃÐ¨íÒ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´à¾×èÍ¿„œ¹¿Ù¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§

ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§Ã‹ÇÁ¡ÑºÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ

áÅÐÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁµÃÐË¹Ñ¡µ‹Í¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§

ªÕÇÀÒ¾ãËŒ¡Ñº¹ÔÊÔµ ¹Ñ¡ÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅÐ»ÃÐªÒª¹·ÑèÇä»

Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´Œ¡íÒË¹´ËÑÇ¢ŒÍ

ÊíÒËÃÑºÇÑ¹ÊÒ¡ÅáË‹§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ã¹áµ‹ÅÐ»‚ à¾×èÍãËŒ

»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÁØ ‹§à¹Œ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁáÅÐ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹µ‹Íà¹× èÍ§

ÀÒÂãµŒËÑÇ¢ŒÍà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Õé

»‚ ¤.È. 2002 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾»†ÒäÁŒ

»‚ ¤.È. 2003 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¢¨Ñ´¤ÇÒÁ

ÂÒ¡¨¹

»‚ ¤.È. 2004 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ÍÒËÒÃ ¹éíÒ

ÊØ¢ÀÒ¾

»‚ ¤.È. 2005 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ : ªÕÇÔµ·ÕèÁÑè¹¤§

ã¹âÅ¡·Õè¡íÒÅÑ§à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§

»‚ ¤.È. 2006 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ã¹¾×é¹·ÕèáËŒ§áÅŒ§¡Öè§ª×é¹

»‚ ¤.È. 2007 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾áÅÐ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§

ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ

»‚ ¤.È. 2008 ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ

Nations around the world have supported activities

celebrating the International Day for Biological Diversity.

To observe the day, the Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning, as Thailand’s National

Focal Point for the Convention on Biological Diversity has

annually organized activities such as technical conference

and the restoration of biodiversity by planting local plants

of the province, as well as cooperation with regional

universities to provide knowledge and awareness on

biodiversity to their students and the public.

The Convention on Biological Diversity has defined

yearly theme for the International Day for Biological

Diversity to support parties to continually organize the

event under the same theme given as :

Year 2002 Dedicated to Forest Biodiversity

Year 2003 Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation - Challenges

for Sustainable Development

Year 2004 Biodiversity : Food, Water and Health for All

Year 2005 Biodiversity : Life Insurance for our Changing

World

Year 2006 Protect Biodiversity in Drylands

Year 2007 Biodiversity and Climate Change

Year 2008 Biodiversity and Agriculture


22

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ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ä´Œá¶Å§¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ

·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¡Ñº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃÇ‹ÒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¨íÒà»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§·Õè¨ÐµŒÍ§¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§

ÃÑ¡ÉÒ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾¢Í§âÅ¡ à¾×èÍÊíÒÃÍ§äÇŒà»š¹ÇÑµ¶Ø´Ôº

ÊíÒËÃÑº¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ«Ö è§¨ÐãËŒ¼Å¼ÅÔµà»š¹ÍÒËÒÃÊíÒËÃÑººíÒÃØ§àÅÕ éÂ§

Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ áÅÐä´ŒáÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¡Ñ§ÇÅÇ‹ÒËÒ¡ÍÑµÃÒ¡ÒÃÊÙÞ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�¢Í§

ÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµÂÑ§¤§´íÒà¹Ô¹µ‹Íä»àª‹¹¹Õé Ðà»š¹¡ÒÃÂÒ¡·Õè¨ÐËÒáËÅ‹§ÍÒËÒÃ

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¨Ö§à»š¹¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁ·Õèà¹Œ¹¶Ö§¤Ø³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ

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ÁÕÃÒ¤ÒÊÙ§ Ö§ íÒà»š¹·Õè»ÃÐà·Èµ‹Ò§æ ÐµŒÍ§àÃ‹§´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃáÅÐÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ

¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡»ÃÐà·È·ÕèÁÕ

¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾à¡ÉµÃÊÙ§ ¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁä´Œà»ÃÕÂº¡Ç‹Ò·Ò§

¤ÇÒÁÁÑè¹¤§·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃ áÅÐ¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ·ÕèÂÑè§Â×¹

As for the year 2008, the Executive Secretary of

the Convention on Biological Diversity has stated the

importance of biodiversity for agriculture that it was

necessary to protect and preserve world’s biodiversity as

raw materials for agriculture to produce food for mankind.

Within half a century, world population was predicted

to reach nine billion and food shortages seem imminent

if the extinction rate of species continued to grow.

Consequently, activities of the International Day for Biological

Diversity this year for all parties human food, including

Thailand, would emphasize the value and importance of

agricultural biodiversity for security and nutrition, as well

as the development of rural farmers’ living conditions.

These activities would also underline the necessity of

putting an end to the loss in agricultural biodiversity and

to pay more attention to the conservation of agricultural

area in order to alleviate farmers’ quality of life.

The majority of the nations of the world are

still based on agriculture; therefore, conservation and

sustainable utilization of agricultural biodiversity will play

a key role in the abolition of world poverty as stated

in the Millennium Development Goal. The Millennium

Development Goal, endorsed by the UN in 2000, had

identified the conservation of biodiversity so as to

contribute to the goal of poverty eradication.

Moreover, conservation and sustainable utilization of

agricultural biodiversity is in response to the goal for 2010.

It was endorsed by the World Summit on Sustainable

Development held in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002.

A meeting between representatives from nations around the

world set a target for significant reduction of biodiversity

loss by the year 2010.

The conservation of agricultural biodiversity involves

three levels, which are 1) conservation of agricultural

ecosystem in agricultural land, such as horticultural

areas, fields, farmlands livestock and aqua cultural areas;

2) conservation of species and varieties used in agriculture,

especially local and native species and varieties, such

as native cows, buffaloes and pigs. 3) This conservation

of biodiversity for agriculture helps farmers choose

species which are good for the local area and/or the

environmental factors fit local weather conditions. While

the world is facing a crisis of food shortages and high

costs, nations must have arrangements concerning the

promotion of agricultural biodiversity conservation. Countries

with high agricultural biodiversity have more advantages

on food security and sustainable agriculture.

23


The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological

Diversity has just taken this year to be International

Day for Agricultural Biological Diversity to encour-

age member countries to pay more attention to the

biodiversity for agriculture. While Thailand has initiated

and offered to the public, the sustainable conservation

programs on biodiversity for agriculture through the New

Theory of Agriculture from His Majesty the King’s long time

action research, offered to the public in in 1994.

The principle of New Theory Agriculture emphasize soil

and water management for sustainable agriculture

through field and water resource management used for

integrated or mixed farming in the same area, for example,

the planting of rotated and mixed crops in conjunction

with animal husbandry, of medicinal plants, rice farming,

mixed field corps, and garden plants. This helps reduce

risk and damage caused by irregular changes in the

environment. It is an ecosystem management system for

stable biodiversity in the area so that farmers will have

enough food and income throughout the year. These

are the principles on conservation and utilization for a

truly sustainable biodiversity which reflect His Majesty the

King’s talents in the conservation of biodiversity and the

development of sustainable agriculture resulting in Thai

farmers being more secure in life for they can become

self reliant and have a better quality of life.

The International Day for Biological Diversity does

not consist of just some activities on the 22nd of May,

but the continued working on it is far more important.

Concerned parties should render support and promote

the works so that Thailand receives meaningful and

continued conservation of biodiversity for agriculture. This

is not just to respond to the global goal, but also for the

country’s development of sustainable agriculture which

will produce a better quality of life for Thai farmers

through becoming more secure on food and self reliant

in correspondence with the Philosophy of the Sufficiency

Economy.ß

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à¾ÕÂ§¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 22 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Áà¾ÕÂ§ÇÑ¹à´ÕÂÇ áµ‹¡ÒÃ

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à¾×èÍµÍºÊ¹Í§µ‹Íà»‡ÒËÁÒÂã¹ÃÐ´ÑºâÅ¡´Ñ§·Õèä´Œ¡Å‹ÒÇÁÒáÅŒÇà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹

áµ‹·Ñé§¹Õéà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÒÃà¡ÉµÃ¢Í§ä·ÂãËŒÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ «Öè§¨ÐÊ‹§¼Å

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·Ò§ÍÒËÒÃáÅÐ¾Öè§¾Òµ¹àÍ§ä´ŒµÒÁËÅÑ¡»ÃÑªÞÒàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¾Íà¾ÕÂ§

Ê×ºä»ß

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·íÒÃŒÒÂàÃÒ ËÃ×Í àÃÒ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔNatural Disasters - the Fault of Man or Nature?

Mingkwan Thornsirikul1 and Aroonwan Nuchpoung2ÁÔè§¢ÇÑÞ ¸ÃÈÔÃÔ¡ØÅ1 áÅÐ ÍÃØ³ÇÃÃ³ ¹Øª¾‹Ç§2

1 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 8Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ2 à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ1 Environmental official, Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning.2 Policy and planning Analyst, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning.

Our planet was born with natural cycles of the four

elements, i.e. soil, water, wind, and fire. These cycles

continuously go through physical, chemical, and biologi-

cal changes resulting in acts of nature such as volcanic

eruption, earthquake, storm, and so on. As long as the

four elements have not reached a balance, these acts

of natural processes will continue. Man and all living or-

ganisms are also a part of nature that evolve, change,

and adapt to the physical and chemical changes of

the world. Therefore, whether man’s quest to resist and

defeat the processes of nature would backfire remains

the question.

âÅ¡ÁÕÇÑ¯¨Ñ¡ÃµÒÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§ ´Ô¹ ¹éíÒ ÅÁ ä¿ ·Õèà¡Ô´

´ŒÇÂµÑÇ¢Í§âÅ¡àÍ§ à»š¹¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·Õèà¡Ô´ÁÒ¾ÃŒÍÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¡íÒà¹Ô´âÅ¡

ÁÕ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µÅÍ´àÇÅÒ·Ñé§´ŒÒ¹¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ à¤ÁÕ áÅÐªÕÇÀÒ¾

´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¡ÒÃà¡Ô´ÀÙà¢Òä¿ÃÐàºÔ´ á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇ ¾ÒÂØ áÅÐÍ×è¹æ ¨Ö§à»š¹

¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¢Í§âÅ¡ãº¹Õé·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒµÑé§áµ‹Í´Õµ¡ÒÅ

áÅÐ¨Ðà¡Ô´µ‹Íä»ÍÂ‹Ò§äÁ‹ÊÔé¹ÊØ´ËÒ¡ÊÀÒÇÐÂÑ§äÁ‹ÊÁ´ØÅ Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ

áÅÐÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµµ‹Ò§æ ¡çà»š¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ «Öè§ÁÕ¡ÒÃÇÔÇÑ²¹Ò¡ÒÃ

¡ÒÃ»ÃÑºµÑÇáÅÐ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µÒÁÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÂÀÒ¾áÅÐà¤ÁÕ¢Í§

âÅ¡àª‹¹¡Ñ¹ ´Ñ§¹Ñé¹¡ÒÃ½„¹ËÃ×ÍàÍÒª¹Ð¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔà¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÍÂÙ‹ÃÍ´¢Í§

Á¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ¨Ö§à»š¹¡ÒÃ·íÒãËŒÇÑ¯¨Ñ¡Ã¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ¡ÅÑºÁÒ·íÒÃŒÒÂµÑÇàÃÒ

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24

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ÀÙà¢Òä¿ÃÐàºÔ´ áÅÐÊÖ¹ÒÁÔ ÅŒÇ¹à»š¹àËµØ¡ÒÃ³�·ÕèÁÔãª‹àÃ×èÍ§ä¡ÅµÑÇ

ÍÕ¡µ‹Íä»áÅŒÇ ÀÑÂ¾ÔºÑµÔàËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéÁÕà¡Ô ãËŒàËç¹º‹ÍÂ¤ÃÑé§¢Öé¹ ÃØ¹áÃ§¢Öé¹ áÅÐ

áµ‹ÅÐ¤ÃÑé§ä ŒÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂ¹Ò¹Ñº»ÃÐ¡ÒÃ ·Ñé§¤Ã‹ÒªÕÇÔµ¼ÙŒ¤¹ÅŒÁµÒÂ

ºÒ´à¨çº ¾Ô¡ÒÃ ·íÒÅÒÂ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÍÒÈÑÂ áËÅ‹§ÍÒËÒÃ áËÅ‹§¹éíÒ áÅÐ»˜¨¨ÑÂ

¡ÒÃ´íÒÃ§ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ�áÅÐÊÔè§ÁÕªÕÇÔµÍ×è¹æ ÍÂ‹Ò§Â‹ÍÂÂÑº ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ

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¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á ·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ ´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁ¶Ö§ 216 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµ‹ÍªÑèÇâÁ§

à»š¹ä«â¤Å¹·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÃÐ Ñº 43 ÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂÍÂ‹Ò§ÁËÒÈÒÅ

â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½›§·ÐàÅ áÅÐ·ÕèÃÒºÅØ‹ÁÊÒÁàËÅÕèÂÁ»Ò¡áÁ‹¹éíÒÍÔÃÐÇ Õ

·íÒãËŒ¾×é¹·ÕèÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 5,000 µÒÃÒ§¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ µŒÍ§¨ÁÍÂÙ‹ãµŒ¹éíÒ

¤Ò´Ç‹ÒÁÕ¼ÙŒàÊÕÂªÕÇÔµáÅÐÊÙÞËÒÂÁÒ¡¡Ç‹ÒáÊ¹¤¹ äÁ‹¹ŒÍÂ¡Ç‹Ò 1.5

ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ µŒÍ§¡ÒÃ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ÍÍÂ‹Ò§àÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ áÅÐ¼ÙŒÃÍ´ªÕÇÔµ¡Ç‹Ò 2

ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ ÍÒ¨ÁÕ¡ÒÃÅŒÁµÒÂà¾ÔèÁ¢Öé¹ÍÕ¡ËÒ¡¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×ÍÂÑ§ÁÒäÁ‹¶Ö§

10 ÇÑ¹µ‹ÍÁÒ ã¹ÇÑ¹·Õè 12 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á àÇÅÒ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 14.30 ¹.

µÒÁàÇÅÒ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹»ÃÐà·È¨Õ¹ ä´Œà¡Ô´á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇ¤ÃÑé§ÃŒÒÂáÃ§·ÕèÊØ´

¤ÃÑé§Ë¹Öè§«Öè§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§¶Ö§ 7.9 µÒÁÁÒµÃÒÃÔ¡àµÍÃ� ·ÕèÁ³±ÅàÊ©Ç¹

«Öè§ÍÂÙ‹·Ò§ ŒÒ¹µÐÇÑ¹µ¡à©ÕÂ§ãµŒ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È Õ¹ ÁÕ¼ÙŒàÊÕÂªÕÇÔµ¶Ö§ 14,463

¤¹ ÊÙÞËÒÂ 14,051 ¤¹ ¶Ù¡½˜§ÀÒÂãµŒ«Ò¡»ÃÑ¡ËÑ¡¾Ñ§¶Ö§ 25,788 ¤¹

áÅÐºÒ´à¨çºÁÒ¡¶Ö§ 64,746 ¤¹ ÃÇÁáÅŒÇÁÕ¼ÙŒ»ÃÐÊºÀÑÂ¶Ö§áÊ¹¤¹

(³ ÇÑ¹·Õè 14 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) «Öè§ÁÕáÃ§ÊÑè¹ÊÐà·×Í¹ÁÒ¶Ö§¡ÃØ§à·¾-

Natural disasters happening around the world, such

as tornado, hurricane, cyclone, typhoon, earthquake,

volcanic eruption, and tsunami, are no longer a far - fetched

image in anyone’s mind as they are happening more

often and more destructive. Each event not only tallies

high casualties, but also destroys homes, food and water

resources, as well as living essentials for both man

and other organisms. Ecosystems and environment are

inevitably severely harmed. Cyclone Nargis, the most recent

and the deadliest natural disaster that just occurred right

in our Asia region, can very well illustrate such destructive

act done by the nature. This cyclone was formed in

the Indian Ocean and hit the southwestern coastline of

Burma (Myanmar) around the midnight on May 2, 2008

with the maximum wind speed of 216 kilometers per

hour, making it a Category 4 cyclone3. Cyclone Nargis

severely damaged Burmese coast and the Irrawaddy

Delta, making more than 5,000 km2 of land submerged

in the water.

Over 100,000 people were estimated to be dead

and missing and around 1.5 millions were in need of

immediate assistance. Had the help not come in time,

over 2 millions survivors could add to the death toll. Ten

days later, on May 12, 2008 around 2.30 pm. local time,

China was hit by a massive earthquake measured 7.9

3 ä«â¤Å¹ÃÐ´Ñº 4 ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¾ÒÂØ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁ �

â´ÂÊÔé¹àªÔ§ Ê‹Ç¹â¤Ã§ÊÃŒÒ§·Õèá¢ç§áÃ§ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂË¹Ñ¡3 Category 4 Cyclone - Cyclones with wind speed 131 - 155 miles per hour (209 - 248 kilometers per hour). Storm surge 5.5 meters. Small houses damaged

and some parts blown away with the wind. Significant structural and house damage.

25


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à¼ªÔÞ¡ÑºÀÑÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÃŒÒÂáÃ§â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¡ÒÃà¡Ô´¾ÒÂØËÁØ¹à¢µÃŒÍ¹

·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÃÐ´Ñº 54 «Öè§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´¶Ö§ 224 ÅÙ¡ Ö§à»š¹

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·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒ ÁÕ¾ÒÂØËÁØ¹à¢µÃŒÍ¹à¤Å×èÍ¹à¢ŒÒÊÙ‹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¶Ö§ 182 ÅÙ¡

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ÊØÁÒµÃÒ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈÍÔ¹â´¹Õà«ÕÂ àÁ×èÍ»‚ ¾.È. 2547 ·Õè¼‹Ò¹ÁÒäÁ‹¹Ò¹¹Õé

áÅÐÂÑ§¾ºÍÕ¡Ç‹Òã¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÀÒ¤µÐÇÑ¹µ¡áÅÐÀÒ¤àË¹×Í¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

ÁÕÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ËÅÒÂÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹·ÕèÂÑ§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà¤Å×èÍ¹äËÇ´Ñ§àª‹¹ ÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹

áÁ‹·Òã¹ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í ÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ÈÃÕÊÇÑÊ´Ôì ÃÍÂàÅ×èÍ¹ÃÐ¹Í§ - ¤ÅÍ§

ÁÒÃØÂ ã¹ÀÒ¤µÐÇÑ¹µ¡ à»š¹µŒ¹ ¤§µŒÍ§¢Í·Ôé§¤íÒ¶ÒÁäÇŒÇ‹Ò¨Ðà¡Ô´ÍÐäÃ

µ‹Íä»ã¹ª‹Ç§ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§àÃÒáÅÐÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹¢Í§àÃÒ áÅÐàÃÒ¨Ð´íÒÃ§ÍÂÙ‹

µ‹Íä»ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ

¤§µŒÍ§¶Ö§àÇÅÒ·ÕèàÃÒ«Öè§à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹Ë¹Öè§¢Í§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ µŒÍ§¾Ô ÒÃ³Ò

·º·Ç¹áÅŒÇÇ‹ÒÀÑÂ¾ÔºÑµÔ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂ‹Ò§âË´ÃŒÒÂ¹Õéà»š¹¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢Í§

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáµ‹à¾ÕÂ§½†ÒÂà´ÕÂÇ¨ÃÔ§ËÃ×Í «Öè§ËÒ¡ÁÍ§´ŒÇÂ¤ÇÒÁÂØµÔ¸ÃÃÁ

µÒÁàËµØáÅÐ¼ÅáÅŒÇ ¤§µŒÍ§ÂÍÁÃÑºÇ‹ÒàÃÒ·Ø¡¤¹º¹âÅ¡ãº¹Õé¡çÁÕÊ‹Ç¹

·íÒãËŒ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¼Ô´¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¡ÒÃ¤Ô´¤Œ¹ÊÔè§µ‹Ò§æ ´ŒÇÂ¾ÅÑ§ÊÁÍ§

on the Richter scale in its southwestern Sichuan province.

14,463 people were dead, another 14,051 were missing,

25,788 were buried in the debris, and 64,746 had been

injured. The casualties total 100,000 people as of May

14, 2008. This earthquake can also be felt in Bangkok.

When we went back to 60 years ago, our Earth has

faced natural disasters such as 224 of the most

destructive Category 5 tropical cyclones4. It is evident

that we cannot escape from the cycle of such

catastrophes in the future.

In Thailand, tracing back to the era of Yonok

Kingdom, once situated in the Chiang San district

in Chiang Rai province, there are many records of

earthquakes. The worst one eventually caused the

fall of the Yonok Kingdom in 460. Not only that, two

earthquakes were inscribed on the Sukhothai Kingdom’s

Ramkhamhaeng stele. Seven earthquakes were mentioned

in Ayutthaya Kingdom Chronicle, while Chiang Mai

Kingdom Chronicle recorded four - with the most

severe one in 1545 taking down the top of the

pagoda at the Royal Pagoda temple. In the past

60 years, Thailand has endured 182 tropical cyclones

as well as a recent tsunami catastrophe caused by

underwater earthquake with an epicenter off the coast

of Sumatra, Indonesia in 2004. At present, there are still

many slipping faults in Thailand, namely Mae Tha fault

in the North, and Srisawat and Ranong - Khlong Marui

faults in the West. With such many natural disasters

waiting to happen, which one would happen in our

lifetime, and how we and our offsprings would survive

remain the questions.

It is time for us, who are also a part of nature,

to ponder whether these deadly catastrophic events

hold only the nature at fault or else. With a logical

and fair view on the subject, we need to admit that

everyone of us contributes to the problem. Our inventions

manipulate ecosystems and disrupt the natural cycles

of the four elements, i.e. soil water, wind and fire.

Our progressive development aimed at controlling and

overcoming the force of nature foregoes the important

4 ä«â¤Å¹ÃÐ´Ñº 5 ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ ¾ÒÂØ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁàÃçÇÅÁÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 155 äÁÅ�µ‹ÍªÑèÇâÁ§ (ÁÒ¡¡Ç‹Ò 248 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃµ‹ÍªÑèÇâÁ§) ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¹éíÒ·ÐàÅË¹Ø¹ÊÙ§à¡Ô¹¡Ç‹Ò 5.5 àÁµÃ

ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹¢¹Ò´àÅç¡¶Ù¡¾Ñ´ËÒÂä»¡Ñº¾ÒÂØ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹·Ø¡ÃÙ»áººä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂä»¡Ñº¾ÒÂØ ºŒÒ¹àÃ×Í¹·Ø¡ÃÙ»áººä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁàÊÕÂËÒÂâ´ÂÊÔé¹àªÔ§4 Category 5 Cyclone - The most destructive cyclones with wind speed >155 miles per hour (>248 kilometers per hour). Storm surge >5.5 meters.

Small houses completely destroyed and blown away with the wind. Significant structural and house damage with widespread destruction


26

·Õè´ÕàÅÔÈ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ�¡‹ÍãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃà»ÅÕ èÂ¹á»Å§µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈáÅÐ

ÇÑ¯¨Ñ¡Ã¢Í§´Ô¹ ¹éíÒ ÅÁ ä¿ ¡ÒÃ¤Ô´¤Œ¹»ÃÐ´ÔÉ°�ÊÔè§µ‹Ò§æ à¾×èÍ

¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§äÁ‹ÊÔ é¹ÊØ´à¾×èÍµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ·Ø¡ÊÔè§·Ø¡ÍÂ‹Ò§·Õè¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ

ÊÃŒÒ§äÇŒÁÒà»š¹¢Í§µ¹àÍ§ãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ µŒÍ§¡ÒÃàÍÒª¹Ð¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ äÁ‹¤íÒ¹Ö§

¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ äÁ‹¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¡ÒÃ·´á·¹ äÁ‹¤íÒ¹Ö§¶Ö§¡ÒÅàÇÅÒ äÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃ

ãËŒ¡ÅÑº¤×¹áÅÐ¿„œ¹¿Ù¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÍÂ‹Ò§ÊÁ´ØÅ¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒàËÅ‹Ò¹Õéà»š¹

¡ÒÃ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔãª‹ËÃ×ÍäÁ‹

¡‹Í¹·Õè¨ÐÊÒÂà¡Ô¹ä» àÃÒ·Ø¡¤¹µŒÍ§ËÑ¹ÁÒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨¡Ñº

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ÃÍºµÑÇàÃÒãËŒÁÒ¡¢Öé¹æ ´ÙáÅàÍÒã¨ãÊ‹¡Ñº¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§

“¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹” áÅÐ “¤ÇÒÁÊÁ´ØÅ” ãËŒ¡Ñº·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ÁÕ¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ÍÂ‹Ò§»ÃÐËÂÑ´ãËŒÊÁ´ØÅ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ

áÅÐ¿„œ¹¿Ù ÃÇÁ·Ñé§µŒÍ§ËÑ¹ÁÒãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹ ¡ÒÃµÔ´µÒÁ

»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼ÅÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÍÂ‹Ò§á·Œ¨ÃÔ§ à¾ÕÂ§à·‹Ò¹Õé

àÃÒ¡çÅ´¡ÒÃ·íÒÃŒÒÂ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ áÅÐ¤§äÁ‹á»Å¡ËÒ¡¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢ŒÒ§µŒ¹

¨ÐÊ‹§¼ÅãËŒ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔÅ´¡ÒÃ·íÒÃŒÒÂàÃÒ´ŒÇÂàª‹¹¡Ñ¹ß

balance among development, sustainability, replenishment,

time, and rehabilitation. This said, aren’t our actions

indeed harm the nature?

We all need to be mindful of the surrounding nature

before it is too late. The attention must be paid on

ensuring “sustainability” and “balance” where natural

resources and the environment are carefully utilized,

coupled with sufficient conservation and rehabilitation

efforts. Prevention, evaluation, and monitoring also need

to be highlighted in problem-resolution approaches. With

these few extra steps, we would do much less harm to

the nature; and the nature would consequently be kinder

to us in return.ß

ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ Reference: • ¹ÒÇÒÍÒ¡ÒÈàÍ¡¡ÁÅ ÇÑªÃàÊ¶ÕÂÃ (2547), ÊÒÃÒ¹Ø¡ÃÁä·ÂÊíÒËÃÑºàÂÒÇª¹Ï àÅ‹Á·Õè 28 • Watcharasatira, Group Captain Kamol. Thai Junior Encyclopedia. Vol. 28. 2004. • new.bbc.co.uk (14th May 2008) • News. 14th May 2008. <http://news.bbc.co.uk> • www.komchadluek.net (23 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) • News. 23rd May 2008. <http://www.komchadluek.net> • www.matichon.co.th (9 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) • News. 9th May 2008. <http://www.matichon.co.th> • www.matichon.co.th (10 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) • News. 10th May 2008. <http://www.matichon.co.th> • www.manager.co.th (13 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) • News. 13rd May 2008. <http://www.manager.co.th> • www.manager.co.th (15 ¾ÄÉÀÒ¤Á 2551) • News. 15th May 2008. <http://www.manager.co.th>

27


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Jathuraporn Thiamthinkrit1 and Sawanit Thiamthinkrit2¨µØÃ¾Ã à·ÕÂÁ·Ô¹¡Äµ1 áÅÐ ÊÇ¹Ôµ à·ÕÂÁ·Ô¹¡Äµ2

1 ¹Ñ¡âºÃÒ³¤´Õ 6Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡ÈÔÅ»Ò¡Ã·Õè 7 ¹‹Ò¹2 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 5 ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ1 Archaeologist, Level 6, Office of Archaeology, Nan2 Environmental Official, Level 5, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning


28

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ÂÑ§à»š¹àÁ×Í§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞáÅÐÁÕ¼Ù Œ¤¹ÍÂÙ ‹ÍÒÈÑÂÁÒâ´ÂµÅÍ´¨¹¶Ö§ÊÁÑÂ

¡ÃØ§¸¹ºØÃÕ ÊÑ¹¹ÔÉ°Ò¹Ç‹ÒàÁ×Í§àÃÔèÁÃŒÒ§¼ÙŒ¤¹áÅÐËÁ´¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞÅ§

ã¹¤ÃÒÇ·Õè¾ÃÐÂÒ¡ÒÇÔÅÐÂ¡·Ñ¾ä»µÕáÅÐ¡ÇÒ´µŒÍ¹¼ÙŒ¤¹Å§ä»·Ñé§ËÁ´

Today, Geographic Information System (GIS)

technology has been employed extensively in many

applications like the location of natural resources or urban

settlements. GIS also supports data mining, for example

the determination of the quantity of natural resources or

population in particular areas. Such data may be used

to figure out the relationship between groups such as

relationship between urban settlements and sites of natural

resources both inside and outside the area, determination

of proper resources management in the area as well as

allocation of land for agriculture or settlement, etc.

Archeology applies GIS data in identifying the

locations of ancient remains and archeological sites

scattered around. The positions of ancient remains,

archeological sites, and excavation pits can be used for

future in - depth study, for example the GIS database

management for ancient cities and the conservation and

development master plan for ancient cities, etc.

A case of GIS application for the study in archeology

includes the location and identification of the ancient

city of Wiang Lo, Lo and Honghin sub - districts, Joon

district, Prayao Province. This place is located on flat

terrain between the foot of jikjong mountain and the

river Eng, around 30 kilometers away from Joon district.

The trails of canals and walls made of clay still exist

there. Many ancient remains are found both inside

the town and in the surrounding areas. Town planning

followed geological conditions and canal and walls

patterns cannot be truly identified. The river Eng runs

through the south town wall to the east and the old

trail of the river Eng bypasses the south of the town and

travels towards the north-east.

29


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ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ

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ÍÒÈÑÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹¾×é¹·Õè ·Ñé§ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³·Õèä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ¢Ø ¤Œ¹¢Ø áµ‹§·Ò§âºÃÒ³¤ Õ

áÅÐÂÑ§äÁ‹ä´Œ¢Ø´¤Œ¹¢Ø´áµ‹§·Ò§âºÃÒ³¤´Õ ·Ñé§¹Õ éà¾× èÍãËŒä´Œ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ

µíÒáË¹‹§·ÕèµÑé§¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´à·‹Ò·Õè¨ÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶à¡çº¢ŒÍÁÙÅä´Œ áÅÐ

à¾×èÍãËŒ§‹ÒÂµ‹Í¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒ¶Ö§áËÅ‹§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ ã¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹¨ÐãªŒ¡ÒÃà´Ô¹

ÊíÒÃÇ¨µÒÁáËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹·Õè¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂµÑÇÍÂÙ‹·ÑèÇä»ã¹à¢µÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº

¡ÒÃÃÐºØ¾Ô¡Ñ µíÒáË¹‹§´ÒÇà·ÕÂÁ ŒÇÂà¤Ã×èÍ§ GPS (Global Positioning

System) ¢Í§ Garmin ÃØ‹¹ 72 ¤Çº¤Ù‹ä»¡Ñº¡ÒÃ«ŒÍ¹·Ñº (Overlay)

º¹á¼¹·Õè»ÃÐàÀ·µ‹Ò§æ à¾×èÍÃÐºØµíÒáË¹‹§¢Í§áËÅ‹§µ‹Ò§æ â´Âá¼¹·Õè

·ÕèãªŒ ä´Œá¡‹ á¼¹·ÕèÀÙÁÔ»ÃÐà·È (Topographic Map) L7017 áÅÐ

L7018 ÀÒ¾¶èÒÂ·Ò§ÍÒ¡ÒÈ (Aerial Photograph) ¢Í§

¡ÃÁá¼¹·Õè·ËÒÃ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒ¾Ô¡Ñ´ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§â´ÂãªŒ¡ÒÃÊíÒÃÇ¨¨ÃÔ§

à¾×èÍÅ´¢ŒÍ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´·ÕèÍÒ¨¨Ðà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ãËŒàËÅ×Í¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ´ áÅŒÇ¹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õè

ä´ŒàËÅ‹Ò¹Ñé¹ÁÒ·íÒ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐÁÇÅ¼Å¢ŒÍÁÙÅãËŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÃÙ»´Ô¨ÔµÍÅ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¾×èÍ

¹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´ŒÁÒ¨Ñ´à¡çºã¹ÃÐººÊÒÃÊ¹à·ÈÀÙÁÔÈÒÊµÃ� «Öè§¢ŒÍÁÙÅËÅÑ¡

·Õè¨Ñ´à¡çºä´Œá¡‹µíÒáË¹‹§·ÕèµÑ é§¢Í§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹áÅÐËÅØÁ¢Ø´¤Œ¹·Ò§

âºÃÒ³¤´Õ ¢¹Ò´¢Í§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ áÅÐ¡ÒÃà¢ŒÒ¶Ö§ÃÇÁ¶Ö§ÀÒ¾¶‹ÒÂ

ÊÀÒ¾¾×é¹·Õè áÅÐ¨Ø´ÊÑ§à¡µËÅÑ¡ (Landmark) ¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ

ÃÑ§ÇÑ´¾×é¹·Õè áÅÐ¡ÒÃ·íÒ¼Ñ§ «Öè§¾ºÇ‹Ò¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´ŒÁÕ¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§

¢Í§µíÒáË¹‹§·ÕèµÑé§ÊÙ§ÁÒ¡àÁ×èÍà·ÕÂº¡Ñº¡ÒÃãªŒÃÐºº¡ÒÃÃÐºØµíÒáË¹‹§

·ÕèµÑé§áºº Ñé§à ÔÁ«Öè§ÍÒÈÑÂ¡ÒÃ·íÒ¼Ñ§ÊíÒÃÇ¨à¾ÕÂ§ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ ÍÕ¡·Ñé§

¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´ŒÂÑ§ÁÕ»ÃÐâÂª¹�ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡µ‹Í¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅâºÃÒ³¤´Õã¹

àªÔ§ÅÖ¡µ‹Íä»ã¹Í¹Ò¤µ «Öè§µíÒáË¹‹§·ÕèµÑé§¢Í§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹·Õè¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂµÑÇ

ÍÂÙ‹ã¹àÁ×Í§âºÃÒ³àÇÕÂ§ÅÍ¹Ñé¹ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶áº‹§ÍÍ¡ä´Œà»š¹ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Á´ŒÇÂ¡Ñ¹

¤×Í âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ÃŒÒ§äÁ‹ÁÕª×èÍ ¡Ñº âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ÃŒÒ§·ÕèÁÕª×èÍà»š¹·ÕèÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡¢Í§

The ancient city of Wiang Lo was named after the

settlement described in the Muen Lo Inscription on the

construction of Wat Thepmai, inscribed around 1987 and

found in Wat Thepmai, Joon District, Prayao Province. It

reads “...Year 856 of Meungsai, month 2, Ogg 11 Kam,

Wednesday, Kadmao, Prince Muen Lothepsrichula who

had faith in the virtue of the Three Gems, ordered to....

build a new temple...” Moreover, during the Lanna era,

Wiang Lo, besides controlling the agricultural plain for

Prayao, it was a principal city in charge of transportation

route to Prayao, Chiang Kong, Theung, Nan, and

Lanchang. There is also the legend of King Thongthip,

Wat Seuntan, Nan, that during the reign of King Tilokaraj,

in 1450, Nan was invaded by troops passing through

Lo and Pong, and across the Wow mountain. Much

evidence indicates that Lo was still a major city and

was occupied by people throughout the Thonburi era. It

is assumed that the city fell when Praya Kawila brought

troops to attack and round up all the people with him.

Moreover, archeological exploration shows that the area

includes prehistoric human settlements.

The study began around 2004 - 2005 using primary

information about the location of ancient remains in

Wiang Lo from the survey by Nan’s Office of Archaeology,

Department of Fine Arts, and local people living in the

area in sites that are either explored or unexplored.

In order to acquire as much as possible data of the

locations and to gain access to the data sources field

surveys through the ancient remains scattered around the

area were administered together with the identification

of satellite coordinates by Global Positioning System (GPS),

Garmin made version 72. While the overlaying technique

was also used to identify the relevant locations on

various types of maps such as topographic map, L7017

and L7018, and aerial photographs from the Royal

Thai Survey Department. Data will then be digitally

processed and saved in the GIS. Primary data records

include locations of ancient remains and excavation

pits, their size, accessibility, area photographs, landmarks,

measurements, and area planning of the ancient

remains. The data concerning locations acquired through

these methods is highly accurate compared to traditional

methods using surveys alone and will be very useful for

future archeological research. The locations of ancient

remains scattered around the ancient city of Wiang Lo can

be divided into two groups, which are unnamed ancient

remains and locally known ancient remains, including the


30

31


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¾×é¹·ÕèâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹àÇÕÂ§ÅÍ ¡ÒÃ Ñ ·íÒ¼Ñ§ºÃÔàÇ³à¾×èÍ»ÃÐ¡ÒÈà¢µâºÃÒ³

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·Ò§âºÃÒ³¤´Õ¹Ñé¹ ÁÕ¨Ø´ÁØ‹§ËÇÑ§à¾×èÍ·Õè¨Ð¾Ñ²¹Ò°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅÃÐºº

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àª×èÍÁâÂ§¡Ñ¹ áÅÐà»š¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒà·¤â¹âÅÂÕ·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙ‹ÁÒãªŒãËŒà¡Ô´»ÃÐâÂª¹�

ÍÂ‹Ò§¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò áÅÐ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´¼Ñ§¾Ô¡Ñ´¢Í§áËÅ‹§

âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ã¹¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒà»š¹ä»ã¹ÃÐººà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹ áÅÐã¹Í¹Ò¤µ

°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Õèä´ŒÂÑ§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»àª×èÍÁâÂ§à¢ŒÒ¡Ñº¢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹Ê‹Ç¹Í×è¹æ

¢Í§Ë¹‹ÇÂÃÒª¡ÒÃ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ä´Œµ‹Íä» àª‹¹ ¡ÃÁÍØ·ÂÒ¹áË‹§ªÒµÔ

ÊÑµÇ�»†Ò áÅÐ¾Ñ¹¸Ø�¾×ª ¡ÃÁ·Õè´Ô¹áÅÐ¡ÃÁ¸¹ÒÃÑ¡É� à»š¹µŒ¹ à¾×èÍãªŒ

»ÃÐâÂª¹�ã¹¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´¢Íºà¢µ¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃÍÍ¡àÍ¡ÊÒÃÊÔ· Ôì

«éíÒ«ŒÍ¹ áÅÐà¾×èÍ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹»ÞËÒ¡ÒÃºØ¡ÃØ¡áÅÐ·íÒÅÒÂ¾×é¹·ÕèâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹

ÍÕ¡·Ò§Ë¹Öè§´ŒÇÂß

ÃÙ»·Õè 1 ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèµÑé§¢Í§áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹àÁ×èÍ¹íÒä»«ŒÍ¹·Ñº¡Ñº¢ŒÍÁÙÅÍ×è¹æ ã¹·Õè¹ÕéáÊ´§¢ŒÍÁÙÅã¹Ê‹Ç¹¢Í§áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹

¶¹¹áÅÐáÁ‹¹éíÒ

ÃÙ»·Õè 2 ·ÕèµÑé§¢Í§áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹«ŒÍ¹·Ñº¡Ñº¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÊ´§ª¹Ô´´Ô¹áÅÐàÊŒ¹ªÑé¹¤ÇÒÁÊÙ§

locations of 19 excavation pits. Currently, the data has been

applied to be used in formulation of the management

planning for the ancient remains of Wiang Lo and area

planning development for future defining boundary of the

ancient remains.

The goal of GIS data management for archeology

is to develop a GIS database to use in archeological

works and to utilize the existing technology to bring out

the value of the data. Moreover, it helps to specify the

coordinates of the area of ancient remains to the same

standard. In the future, the acquired database can be

linked with information from the other related agencies

such as National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation De-

partment, Department of Land, Treasury Department, and

others in order to make use of boundary determinations

to prevent the issuance of duplicated land deeds and

hinder encroachment on and destruction of the ancient

remains as well.ß

Figure 1 Location of ancient remains overlaying with roads and rivers.

Figure 2 Location of ancient remains overlaying with soil types and altitude line.

Ayutthaya ... World Heritage ... Our HeritageÍÂØ¸ÂÒ..ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡..ÁÃ´¡àÃÒ

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The capital of Siam for 417 years, Ayutthaya flourished

prosperously before declining, as witnessed by architectural

remains and items of cultural heritage. Foreign trade

exchanges with the capital exhibited the nature of the

ancient civilization as a place of wealth, prosperity, and

unity.

King Ramathibodi I or King Uthong established

Ayutthaya as the capital on Friday, the 6th day, during

the crescent moon, month 5, Year of the Tiger, Thai

minor era of 712, corresponding to the 4th of March, 1350.

He named it, according to the annals, “Krungthep Maha

Nakorn Baworn Thawarawadee Sri Ayutthaya Maha Dilok

Pop Noparat Rachathani Burirom Udom Praratchaniwej

Maha Stan.” Ayutthaya was ruled by 33 kings from five

dynasties, which were Uthong, Supanaphum, Sukhothai,

Prasathong, and Ban Phulueng.

In 1569, during the reign of King Maha Jackapadi,

Ayutthaya was seized by Burma. Fifteen years after that

defeat, King Naresuen the Great reclaimed sovereignty

of the capital in 1584. Ayutthaya became prosperous,

1 à¨ŒÒË¹ŒÒ·ÕèÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ1 Policy and planning Analyst, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning.


32

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«Öè§¶×Íà»š¹¡ÒÃÊÔé¹ÊØ´¡ÒÃà»š¹ÃÒª¸Ò¹Õ¢Í§ä·ÂÍÑ¹ÂÒÇ¹Ò¹

µÅÍ´ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ 417 »‚·Õè¡ÃØ§ÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒà»š¹ÃÒª¸Ò¹Õ ÁÔä´Œà»š¹

à¾ÕÂ§ª‹Ç§áË‹§¤ÇÒÁà¨ÃÔÞÊÙ§ÊØ´¢Í§ª¹ªÒµÔä·Âà·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ áµ‹ÂÑ§à»š¹¡ÒÃ

ÊÃŒÒ§ÊÃÃ¤�ÍÒÃÂ¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§ËÁÙ‹ÁÇÅÁ¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ «Öè§à»š¹·Õè»ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É�á¡‹

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¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ·íÒÊ§¤ÃÒÁ áµ‹ÊÔè§·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ãËŒàËç¹ã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¹ÕéÂÑ§ÁÕÃ‹Í§ÃÍÂ

ËÅÑ¡°Ò¹«Öè§áÊ´§¶Ö§ÍÑ¨©ÃÔÂÀÒ¾áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÍÑ¹ÂÔè§ãËÞ‹¢Í§

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¤ÇÒÁà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµ·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¨¹ÁÕÃÒÂä´Œµ‹ÍËÑÇÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÍÑ¹´ÑºµŒ¹æ

¢Í§»ÃÐà·È áµ‹·‹ÒÁ¡ÅÒ§¤ÇÒÁà¨ÃÔÞàµÔºâµ·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¹ÕéàÍ§·Õè·íÒ

ãËŒàÁ×Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡áË‹§¹ÕéÁÕ¤ÇÒÁà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§à¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¾×é¹·Õè

ÀÒÂã¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÍØ·ÂÒ¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�à¾×èÍÃÍ§ÃÑº¹Ñ¡·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´

ÊÔè§»ÅÙ¡ÊÃŒÒ§¢Í§ÃŒÒ¹¤ŒÒ¼Ø´¢Öé¹ÁÒÃÒÇ´Í¡àËç´

´ŒÇÂàËµØ¹ÕéàÍ§¨Ö§·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÃÐáÊ¢‹ÒÇÇ‹ÒÍÂØ¸ÂÒ¨Ð¶Ù¡¶Í´¶Í¹

¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»š¹ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡ÊÔè§»ÅÙ¡ÊÃŒÒ§àËÅ‹Ò¹Ñé¹ä´ŒÁÒº´ºÑ§

·ÑÈ¹ÕÂÀÒ¾ÍÑ¹§´§ÒÁ¢Í§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ ¨Ò¡»˜ÞËÒ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ·íÒãËŒ

¼ÙŒ·ÕèÁÕÊ‹Ç¹à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹¢Í§ÃÑ° Í§¤�¡Ã»¡¤ÃÍ§

Ê‹Ç¹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ »ÃÐªÒª¹ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¾‹Í¤ŒÒáÁ‹¤ŒÒ·Õè»ÃÐ¡ÍºÍÒªÕ¾ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³

´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÁÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹áÊ´§¤ÇÒÁ¤Ô´àËç¹ àÊ¹Íá¹Ð áÅÐËÒ·Ò§ÍÍ¡

ÊíÒËÃÑº»˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ ã¹àº×éÍ§µŒ¹ä´Œ¢ŒÍÊÃØ»Ç‹ÒãËŒÁÕ¡ÒÃÃ×éÍ¶Í¹

ÃŒÒ¹¤ŒÒ·Õèº´ºÑ§âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ «Öè§ÁÕÃŒÒ¹¤ŒÒºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹ä´ŒÂÍÁÃ×éÍ¶Í¹áÅÐ

ÂŒÒÂÍÍ¡¨Ò¡ºÃÔàÇ³´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ áµ‹ÂÑ§ÁÕÃŒÒ¹¤ŒÒºÒ§Ê‹Ç¹·ÕèÂÑ§äÁ‹ÂÍÁÂŒÒÂ

ÍÍ¡ÂÑ§¤§»˜¡ËÅÑ¡¢ÒÂ¢Í§ÍÂÙ‹ ³ ·Õèà´ÔÁ â´ÂãËŒàËµØ¼ÅÇ‹Ò¾×é¹·Õè·Õè·Ò§

¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¨Ñ´äÇŒãËŒÁÕäÁ‹à¾ÕÂ§¾Í¡Ñº¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÃŒÒ¹¤ŒÒ

³ ÇÑ¹¹Õé»˜ÞËÒ¢Í§àÁ×Í§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ÍÂ‹Ò§ÍØ·ÂÒ¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�

¾ÃÐ¹¤ÃÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ¨Ö§à»š¹»˜ÞËÒ·Õè·Ø¡½†ÒÂµŒÍ§Ã‹ÇÁÁ×Í¡Ñ¹á¡Œä¢ ËÒ

·Ò§ÍÍ¡Ç‹Ò·íÒÍÂ‹Ò§äÃãËŒ¤¹¡ÑºâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ÍÂÙ‹Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ä´Œ à¾×èÍãËŒ

ÍÂØ¸ÂÒà»š¹ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡áÅÐÁÃ´¡¢Í§ÅÙ¡ËÅÒ¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÑè§Â×¹µ‹Íä»ß

until 1767 when King Suriyas Amarin lost Ayutthaya to

Burma for the second time. That was the final chapter

of Ayutthaya’s long reign as capital of Thailand.

Through its 417 years, the capital Ayutthaya was

not only the pinnacle of the Thai nation, but also

recognized by nations around the world as a highly

civilized metropolis. Even though Ayutthaya was destroyed

by war, remnants of our ancestors’ talents and devotion

and their culture and wealth are national heritage that is

still being appreciated today. In view of that, the World

Heritage Committee of the Convention Concerning the

Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

declared the historic town of Ayutthaya and its associated

historic towns, which have been incorporated into

the Ayutthaya Historical Park since 1976, a world

heritage site on the 13th of December, 1991, in Cartage,

Tunisia, along with Sukhothai Historical Park - Sri Satchanalai

Historical Park - Kampaengphet Historical Park. This is in

accordance with the third condition, which deals with

extraordinary and unique places or evidence of tradition

of remaining or lost civilizations.

After two decades of being a world heritage site,

Ayutthaya Historical Park has hosted a large number

of local and international visitors. This has caused

Ayutthaya to have one of the top per capita in-

comes for its people. Further, the economic development

has led to the historical park area enjoying booming

construction in order to serve tourists even better.

There has been some concern that Ayutthaya might

be delisted from its status because of visual pollution.

This has alerted interested parties like the state, local

administration, the general public, and businesspeople

in the area. They are coming together in order to

share opinions and discover solutions. At first, there was

agreement to remove buildings blocking the ancient sites.

However, some people have still refused to move out

and claim that the space provided by the state is not

sufficient for all the merchants.

Today, in order to solve the problems that world

heritage sites like Ayutthaya face, all parties must find

the solution to solve these problems. Only in this way

will people and the ancient sites coexist and Ayutthaya

will then last as a world site and the heritage for our

descendants.ß

33


Cultural Heritage Atlas and Socializationá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¢Í§ªØÁª¹

Kittima Yincharoen1 and Siriwan Su-olan2¡ÔµµÔÁÒ ÂÔ¹à¨ÃÔÞ1 áÅÐÊÔÃÔÇÃÃ³ ÊØâÍÌÒÃ2

1 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 8Ç. ¡Í§Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ2 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 6Ç. ¡Í§Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ1 Environmental Official, Level 8, Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning2 Environmental Official, Level 6, Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning


34

Kittima Yincharoen1 and Siriwan Su-olan2¡ÔµµÔÁÒ ÂÔ¹à¨ÃÔÞ1 áÅÐÊÔÃÔÇÃÃ³ ÊØâÍÌÒÃ2

ã¹©ºÑº·ÕèáÅŒÇÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÏ ä´ŒàÊ¹ÍàÃ×èÍ§

á¼¹·ÕèªØÁª¹·Õèà´ç¡æ ¡ç·íÒä´Œ3 à¾×èÍ¨ÐºÍ¡àÅ‹ÒãËŒ¼ÙŒÍ×è¹ä´Œ·ÃÒºÇ‹Ò ¾×é¹·Õè

áµ‹ÅÐáË‹§ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ áÅÐ¤ÇÒÁ·Ã§¨íÒã¹ÇÑÂà´ç¡¨Ðª‹ÇÂã¹¡ÒÃ

ÃÑ¡ÉÒÊÁºÑµÔ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ ÊíÒËÃÑº©ºÑº¹Õé

¨Ð¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ “¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹·ÕèªØÁª¹´ŒÒ¹ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ” ËÃ×Í

“á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ” ËÃ×Íá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁà»š¹

ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁ«Öè§à»š¹¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×ÍÃÐËÇ‹Ò§ÃÑ°¡Ñº»ÃÐªÒª¹â´Â¼‹Ò¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ

àÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹

á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ4 (Cultural Heritage Atlas) ¤×Í

Ø ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§Ã‹ÇÁ¢Í§·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹ã¹¡ÒÃÃÐºØ·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁÍÑ¹à»š¹

·Ø¹·Ò§ÊÑ§¤Á·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ªØÁª¹ â´ÂÁÕ¾×é¹°Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡á¹Ç¤Ô àÃ×èÍ§¡ÒÃ

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ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ¾Ô ÒÃ³ÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ã¹àÃ×èÍ§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¹¤ÃÅíÒ»Ò§

â´Âã¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒä´ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒ áÅÐÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×é¹·Õèã¹

ºÃÔàÇ³à¢µà·ÈºÒÅ¹¤ÃÅíÒ»Ò§áÅÐ¾×é¹·Õèã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§Ã‹ÇÁ´ŒÇÂ

The previous issue of Thailand Nature and

Environment magazine presented a story about community

map made by children3. Other people can learn the

area importance and those childhood memories will help

preserve local natural and cultural properties. This issue of

“the making of community map for cultural heritage” or

“cultural heritage atlas” will present cooperation between

government and public through socialization.

Cultural heritage atlas4 is a reference for all sectors

as an indication of cultural resource. It is an important

social capital of community based on the concept

of living heritage conservation. Community development

emphasizes through cultural resource management

process. The contents are completely covered from a

history society of city development, current physical

features, as well as other important components such

as old houses, canal system, trees, local plants, etc.

Together these integrate as a collective value of cultural

environment which is not just about valuable ancient

sites, temples, and palaces.

Example of Lampang City Cultural Heritage Atlas Lampang is one of the important northern provinces

since pre-historical era. It has flourished to historical Lanna

till these days. The province is still pretty much alive and

has so many stories to tell. Lampang is one of ten old

towns with first5 priority on management. The making of

cultural heritage atlas is by far a tool for socialization.

The cultural heritage atlas making process for

Lampang applies “creation principle of community map”

on a belief that each community has its own beauty

and cultural heritage diversity under the different mindsets

dependent upon the area conditions and history. In the

case of Lampang, the presentation of cultural heritage

by using map as a storyboard. This leads to consideration

of cultural heritage of old town Lampang by specifying

an area of study and surveying in the Lampang mu-

nicipality and vicinity.

3 ÇÒÃÊÒÃ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ »‚·Õè 4 ©ºÑº·Õè1 Á.¤.-ÁÕ.¤. 51 â´Â »ÃÐÊ§¤� àÍÕèÂÁÍ¹Ñ¹µ� áÅÐÇÃÈÑ¡´Ôì ¾‹Ç§à¨ÃÔÞ4 á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¨Ð¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ� ¤ÇÒÁà»š¹ÁÒ ÅÑ¡É³Ð·Ò§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ »˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ ÊÀÒ¾¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ áÅÐ»˜ÞËÒ¤ÇÒÁ¤Ø¡¤ÒÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè ÁÒ»ÃÐ¡Íº¡Ñº

á¼¹·Õè·Ò§ÀÙÁÔÈÒÊµÃ�à¾×èÍ�5 àÁ×èÍÇÑ¹·Õè 30 ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á áÅÐ 23 ¸Ñ¹ÇÒ¤Á 2547 â´Â¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÃØ§ÃÑµ¹â¡ÊÔ¹·Ã�áÅÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò3 Thailand Nature and Environment magazine 4th Year, Issue 1, Jan - Mar 2008, Prasong Eiam - Anant and Warasak Phuangchareon4 Cultural Heritage Atlas covers history, origin, geology, presence, importance, and threat over the area supplemented with geographical atlas used for

community’s reference for participation on planning and direction for appropriate area conservation and development5 On 30th August and 23rd December 2004, by the Committee on Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin and Old Towns

35


The Process of Making Cultural Heritage Atlas Although progress seems slow, The residents of

Lampang have recently tried to preserve, restore, and

promote knowledge and understanding about Lampang.

However, the progress seems frailly slow. Thus, in this

process, the initial stage of working is to motivate

residents about old town through exchanging of knowledge,

data, and information about Lampang on regular basis

at a meeting point named the “Old Town cafe”. This

cafa invites many interested people to form a team that

consists of various groups of volunteers to collaboratively

conduct field surveys and exchange the area historical

data.

The official opening of “Lampang City Cultural Heri-

tage Atlas Project,” creates knowledgeable activities for

children are through experts, talks and interactions. More-

over the local residents’ participation is promoted to em-

phasize the concept of “thinking and doing on oneself”.

“Team” or volunteer groups support on many activities

like the little investigator or surveyor training as a field

guide. Surveys of old town follow academic principles.

Learning actually doing in the field is very important

which will benefit the children not only in the old town

tasks but in other jobs as well.

Data gathered from the field survey used for

activities and community forum including people

interviews are academically supplied. This helps Lampang

residents who live inside or outside the old town to

better know their areas. Besides self recognition, they

learn how to share knowledge with other people who

live in the same or different areas. This leads to a

complete picture of Lampang city. Through understand-

ing of current circumstances impacted by several of

changes, they will be able to handle the can control

situations and able to in the end set future goal for

themselves and their community.

¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´·íÒá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¡‹Í¹Ë¹ŒÒ¹Õé¤¹ÅíÒ»Ò§¡çÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¾ÂÒÂÒÁ·Õè ÐÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� ¿„œ¹¿Ù¤Ø³¤‹Ò

áÅÐÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑººŒÒ¹àÁ×Í§ÅíÒ»Ò§ áµ‹¡çäÁ‹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ

¤×ºË¹ŒÒà·‹Òã´¹Ñ¡ Ñ§¹Ñé¹ ã¹ÃÐÂÐàÃÔèÁµŒ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ íÒµŒÍ§¡ÃÐµØŒ¹

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ÁÒÃ‹ÇÁà»š¹ “·ÕÁ§Ò¹” ÍÂ‹Ò§ËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂã¹¡ÒÃà»š¹ÍÒÊÒÊÁÑ¤Ã·Õè¨Ð

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¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè

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·Ñé§¨Ò¡ÇÔ·ÂÒ¡ÃáÅÐ¡ÒÃàÊÇ¹Ò«Öè§à»š¹¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÙŒ¨Ò¡¼ÙŒ¤¹ã¹

¾×é¹·Õè ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé ÂÑ§Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒÃÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ¢Í§¤¹ã¹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ â´Â¡ÒÃ

ãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¤Ô´àÍ§ ·íÒàÍ§ ¢Í§¼ÙŒ¤¹äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨ÐÊ‹Ç¹ã´¡çµÒÁ

â´ÂÁÕ “·ÕÁ§Ò¹” ËÃ×ÍÍÒÊÒÊÁÑ¤Ã´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇãËŒ¤ÇÒÁª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Íã¹´ŒÒ¹

µ‹Ò§æ ·ÕèÂÑ§¢Ò´ÍÂÙ‹ â´Â¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁË¹Öè§·Õèà¡Ô´µÒÁÁÒ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÍºÃÁ

¹Ñ¡Ê×º¹ŒÍÂ ËÃ×Í¤¹ÊíÒÃÇ¨à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÅ§ÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×é¹·Õè¨ÃÔ§ â´Âà»š¹¡ÒÃ

á¹Ðá¹Ç·Ò§áÅÐ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ÊíÒÃÇ¨àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÍÂ‹Ò§à»š¹¢Ñé¹µÍ¹

µÒÁËÅÑ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ «Öè§¡ÒÃàÃÕÂ¹ÃÙŒ¨Ò¡¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹à»š¹ÊÔè§ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ

ÁÒ¡¡Ñº¡ÒÃ¹íÒä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�¢Í§µÑÇà´ç¡æ àÍ§ ·Ñé§ã¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹

àÃ×èÍ§àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒáÅÐ§Ò¹Í×è¹æ ´ŒÇÂ

¡ÒÃÅ§¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒÊíÒÃÇ¨ áÅŒÇ¹íÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÅÑºÊÙ‹¾×é¹·Õèã¹ÃÙ»áºº

¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁáÅÐàÇ·ÕªØÁª¹ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¡ÒÃÊÑÁÀÒÉ³��»ÃÐªÒª¹ã¹ªØÁª¹µ‹Ò§æ

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨Ðà»š¹¡ÒÃä´Œ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¾×é¹·Õè¨ÃÔ§à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁ¨Ò¡¢ŒÍÁÙÅÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃáÅŒÇ

ÂÑ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒ¼ÙŒ¤¹ÅíÒ»Ò§·ÕèÍÂÙ‹áÅÐäÁ‹ä´ŒÍÂÙ‹ã¹¾×é¹·Õè·Õèà»š¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òä´Œ·íÒ

¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§µ¹àÍ§ «Öè§¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨Ðà·‹Ò¡Ñºà»š¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ¨Ñ¡

µÑÇµ¹¢Í§µ¹àÍ§áÅŒÇ ÂÑ§ª‹ÇÂãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃä´ŒÃÑºÃÙŒä´ŒàËç¹«Öè§¡Ñ¹áÅÐ¡Ñ¹

¡Ñº¤¹Í×è¹æ ã¹¾×é¹·Õèà´ÕÂÇ¡Ñ¹áÅÐ¾×é¹·ÕèÍ×è¹æ ÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ «Öè§¨Ð¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹

¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁâÂ§ãËŒàËç¹ÀÒ¾ÃÇÁàÁ×Í§ÅíÒ»Ò§ä´Œ ·íÒãËŒà¢ŒÒã¨»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹·Õè

à»š¹ÍÂÙ‹«Öè§à»š¹¼Å¨Ò¡¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§µ‹Ò§æ áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ¡Ñº

ÊÀÒ¾»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ä´Œ áÅÐ·ŒÒÂ·ÕèÊØ´¹Ñé¹à¾×èÍÊÒÁÒÃ¶¡íÒË¹´Í¹Ò¤µ¢Í§

µ¹àÍ§áÅÐ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ä´Œ¶Ù¡·ÔÈ¶Ù¡·Ò§µÒÁ·Õè¤ÇÃ¨Ðà»š¹


36

Therefore, this is not only a detailed cultural

heritage atlas that gives ordinary descriptive information

as can be found in general history books, but a inter

linkage of historical data and evidence based data

acquired from field surveys that put into a physical chart

through quantitative analysis and synthesis. So this can be

used as a knowledge base and reference for a more

appropriate and practical local planning.

Future Use of Cultural Heritage Atlas There are 4 approaches for the atlas utilization: 1)

used as a database for cultural heritage which can be

referred or applied for other tasks including conservation

and development of local planning, 2) used as a tool

for monitoring or watching inappropriate developments

and changes that resulted in value damaging, 3) used

to promote community’s participation on cultural heritage

planning and management process, and 4) used to

create knowledge and understanding of area value in

order to draw public awareness on cooperation among

all parts for future conservation and development.ß

Ö§ÁÔä Œ·Õè Ðà»š¹à¾ÕÂ§á¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·ÕèãËŒÃÒÂÅÐàÍÕÂ´

ÅÖ¡«Öé§ÃÍº´ŒÒ¹ã¹á§‹¢Í§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�àªÔ§ºÃÃÂÒÂ «Öè§à»š¹Ë¹Ñ§Ê×Í

·ÕèÁÕÍÂÙ‹áÅŒÇÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂã¹·Ø¡¾×é¹·Õè áµ‹à»š¹¡ÒÃàª×èÍÁâÂ§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·Ò§

»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ áÅÐ¢ŒÍÁÙÅàªÔ§»ÃÐ¨Ñ¡É�¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊíÒÃÇ¨ÀÒ¤

Ê¹ÒÁà¢ŒÒÊÙ‹¼Ñ§¡ÒÂÀÒ¾ ¼‹Ò¹¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�áÅÐÊÑ§à¤ÃÒÐË�¢ŒÍÁÙÅÍÂ‹Ò§

ÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ à¾×èÍ·Õè Ðä Œ¹íÒä»ãªŒà»š¹°Ò¹¤Ô áÅÐ¢ŒÍÁÙÅÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ã¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ

ÇÒ§á¼¹ã¹ÃÐ´Ñº·ŒÍ§¶Ô è¹ä´ŒÍÂ‹Ò§àËÁÒÐÊÁáÅÐà»š¹ÃÙ»¸ÃÃÁÁÒ¡

ÂÔè§¢Öé¹

á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ¹íÒá¼¹·ÕèÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁä»ãªŒã¹Í¹Ò¤µ á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ¹íÒá¼¹·Õè Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇä»ãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹� ÁÕ 4 á¹Ç·Ò§ËÅÑ¡

¤×Í 1) à»š¹°Ò¹¢ŒÍÁÙÅÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ·ÕèÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§

ËÃ×Í»ÃÐÂØ¡µ�ãªŒã¹§Ò¹Í×è¹æ ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�

áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Òã¹ÃÐ´Ñº·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ 2) à»š¹à¤Ã×èÍ§Á×Í·Õèª‹ÇÂã¹¡ÒÃµÃÇ¨ÊÍº

à½‡ÒÃÐÇÑ§¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò·ÕèäÁ‹àËÁÒÐÊÁáÅÐµÃÇ¨ÊÍº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Õè

¨Ð·íÒÅÒÂ¤Ø³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè 3) Ê‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡ÒÃÁÕÊ‹Ç¹Ã‹ÇÁ

¢Í§¤¹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ã¹¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹áÅÐºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃÁÃ´¡·Ò§

ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§µ¹ áÅÐ 4) ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨à¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº

¤Ø³¤‹Ò¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍÊÃŒÒ§¡ÒÃÃÑºÃÙŒÊÒ¸ÒÃ³Ð ÍÑ¹¨Ð¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹

¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¢Í§·Ø¡ÀÒ¤Ê‹Ç¹ã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Òµ‹Íä»ã¹

Í¹Ò¤µß

ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ Reference:ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂ�Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, 2007, Lampang City Cultural Heritage Atlas, Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division, Bangkok

37


Old Towns: the Foundation of Thai SocietyàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ÊÑ§¤Áä·Â

Kittima Yincharoen1¡ÔµµÔÁÒ ÂÔ¹à¨ÃÔÞ1

There are many old towns scattered throughout all

regions of Thailand. Many of them have been home to

people until the present day. These old towns have long

histories and so many stories about social and cultural

change through time which can be used as learning

guides to understand the directions and trends of such

changes.

ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â»ÃÒ¡¯àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂÍÂÙ‹ã¹·Ø¡ÀÒ¤

¢Í§»ÃÐà·È àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡à»š¹¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕ»ÃÐªÒ¡ÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�

à»š¹·ÕèµÑé§ªØÁª¹µ‹Íà¹×èÍ§ÁÒ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹ àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒàËÅ‹Ò¹Õé ÁÕ»ÃÐÇÑµÔ

¤ÇÒÁà»š¹ÁÒÂÒÇ¹Ò¹ ÁÕàÃ×èÍ§ÃÒÇ¢Í§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Ò§ÊÑ§¤ÁáÅÐ

ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁµÒÁª‹Ç§àÇÅÒµ‹Ò§æ ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ «Öè§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒà»š¹µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§

ã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·íÒ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨àÃ×èÍ§·ÔÈ·Ò§áÅÐá¹Çâ¹ŒÁ¢Í§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§

ÊÑ§¤ÁáÅÐÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁÁ¹ØÉÂ�ä´Œà»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§´Õ

1 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 8Ç ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ1 Environmental Official, Level 8, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning


38

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Physical and socio - cultural changes are prevalent

and rapid in all provinces. They have effects on trails

and sites which are crucial for the study of history. Areas

of old town may have been altered or destroyed entirely

before their time. So, there should be some preventive

strategies to safeguard parts of the trails and vital

sites for the study of history and prevent change and

damage to the old towns. Historical cultural heritage

must be saved for future generations.

The Office of the Prime Minister issued a regulation on

the conservation and development of Krung Rattanakosin

and old towns in 2003. It defined “old towns” as:

- towns or areas of town which contain unique

characteristics from the past or localities which

have distinctive cultural features specific to a

certain period of history,

- towns or areas of town which contain various

architectural styles or evidence of patterns of

continuous social evolution,

- towns or areas of towns which are of original

construction and still outstanding examples of

ancient remains, and

- towns or areas of towns which contain historic

evidence, dates, architectural designs, or value in

terms of art, archeology, or history.

Conservation development of the old towns, should

concern about their valuable architecture, identity,

uniqueness, completeness and originality. In addition, the

ecosystem of the towns, such as the streams or water

resources that nourish the towns, the ecosystems around

old towns, and nature related to the old towns must

also be concerned. Since the ecosystem can affect

the sustainability of the old towns, conservation and

development of old towns must take place in a broad

framework. Moreover, many fields of science should

also be integrated into the work of conservation and

promotion with more local participation.

The law is the key mechanism for the strategic

conservation and development of old towns, and a

plan for 2005 - 2009 was approved by cabinet on the

4th of January 2005. There are several laws in various

categories governing the conservation and development

of old towns. These include the regulations on conservation

and development of Krung Rattanakosin and old towns

2003, Town Planning Act 1975 and amendment,

39


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Ê‹Ç¹¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ à·ÈºÒÅ Í§¤�¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃÊ‹Ç¹µíÒºÅ ¡ÃØ§à·¾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã

àÁ×Í§¾Ñ·ÂÒ áÅÐÍ§¤�¡Ã»¡¤ÃÍ§Ê‹Ç¹·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹Í×è¹·‹ÁÕ¡®ËÁÒÂ¨Ñ´·Ñé§

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¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒáÅÐ¡ÒÃ¤Çº¤ØÁ¡Ô ¡ÃÃÁºÒ§»ÃÐ¡ÒÃ·ÕèäÁ‹àËÁÒÐÊÁ¡Ñº¾×é¹·Õè

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ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹� áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿ÙàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�àÁ×Í§»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ� äÇŒ

4 »ÃÐ¡ÒÃ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃ¼¹Ç¡¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�à¢ŒÒäÇŒã¹á¼¹¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§ ¡ÒÃ

¤Çº¤ØÁ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ ¡ÒÃÍÍ¡áººÊÔè§¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§·´á·¹ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ

ºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ

¹Ô¨ ËÔÞªÕÃÐ¹Ñ¹·¹�2 ä´Œà¤ÂãËŒá¹Ç·Ò§»¯ÔºÑµÔã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�

¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁã¹àÁ×Í§äÇŒ 6 »ÃÐ¡ÒÃ ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃ¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò

¡ÒÃãªŒ»ÃÐâÂª¹�·Õè Ô¹ ¡ÒÃ¾Ô ÒÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒáÅÐ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�

¡ÒÃÊÑÞ¨Ã ¡ÒÃ¤Çº¤ØÁºÃÔ¡ÒÃÊÒ¸ÒÃ³Ð áÅÐ¡ÒÃµÑé§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ

à©¾ÒÐ¡Ô¨à¾×èÍ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃã¹àÃ×èÍ§µ‹Ò§æ

Ê‹Ç¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·ÕèÁÕªØÁª¹´Ñé§à´ÔÁ·ÕèÁÕÅÑ¡É³Ð¾×é¹¶Ôè¹ ¤ÇÃÁÕá¹Ç·Ò§

¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�·Õèà»š¹¾ÔàÈÉ ã¹¡ÒÃ¹Õé »ÃÐÊ§¤� àÍÕèÂÁÍ¹Ñ¹µ�3 ä´ŒãËŒ

á¹Ç·Ò§ã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ªØÁª¹¾×é¹¶Ôè¹ã¹ÀÒ¤àË¹×Í¢Í§ä·ÂäÇŒÇ‹Ò ¨ÐµŒÍ§

ÁÕ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ã¹ÊÔè§µ‹Ò§æ 4 »ÃÐ¡ÒÃ ¤×Í Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�á¹Ç¤Ô´

(conservation of concepts) Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÃÙ»áºº (conservation

of styles) Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�½‚Á×Íª‹Ò§ (conservation of craftsmanship)

áÅÐÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÇÑÊ´Ø¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ (conservation of building materials)

ÍÂ‹Ò§äÃ¡çµÒÁ »ÞËÒáÅÐÀÑÂ¤Ø¡¤ÒÁ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹Ò¾×é¹·ÕèàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡íÒÅÑ§»ÃÐÊºÍÂÙ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ÊÃØ»ä´ŒÇ‹Òà¡Ô´¨Ò¡ ¡ÒÃ¢Ø´ËÒ

¢Í§ ·íÒÅÒÂ Ã×éÍ¶Í¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ ¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§ÊÔè§¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§

â´ÂÃÍº·ÕèäÁ‹àËÁÒÐÊÁ ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ð«‹ÍÁá«ÁâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹·ÕèäÁ‹¶Ù¡µŒÍ§

Ancient Monuments, Antiques and National Museums

Act in 1961 and amendment, Building Control Act 1979

and amendment, and Enhancement and conservation of

National Environmental Quality Act 1992.

Moreover, individual provinces may issue city

ordinances in order to control activities that are deemed

inappropriate for the areas of old towns. The general

public may also propose to its local administration that

it issue a local statute which has the power granted by

the Local Statute Proposal Act 1999

On the conservation of historic towns, Sir Bernard

Feildenstates that preservation of uniqueness, landscape,

and restoration of old towns consists of four elements,

which are integrated conservation with city planning,

control of change, infill design, and administrative

actions.

Nid Hinchirananthm2 once recommended six

elements in the conservation of natural and cultural

heritage, which are consideration of land utilization,

consideration of development and construction,

conservation, transportation, control of public service, and

establishment of a specific committee for general issues.

There should be special conservation programs for

old towns with original settlement. Prasong Eiam - anant3

recommended four elements in the conservation

of early communities in northern Thailand, which are

the conservation of concepts, conservation of styles,

conservation of craftsmanship, and conservation of

building materials.

However, problems and threats from the

development of old towns in Thailand are facing now

can be summed up as cultural heritage disturbance,

improper construction around the area, faulty restoration

of ancient remains, road pavement and infrastructure

development that destroy the structure and atmosphere

of old towns, to name just a few. Causes are various

and multifaceted, for example, the lack of consciousness

and realization of the value of old towns that leads to

improper development and the destruction of cultural

heritage in old towns, the lack of data about old towns,

the lack of cooperation and good protection for old

towns especially those with urban development, the lack

2 Í´Õµ¼ÙŒ·Ã§¤Ø³ÇØ²Ôã¹¤³ÐÍ¹Ø¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ3 »ÃÐ¸Ò¹Í¹Ø¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ2 Former expert for the Subcommittee on Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage 3 President of the Subcommittee on Conservation of Natural and Cultural Heritage


40

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7) ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´ËÃ×Íáµ‹§µÑé§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃàÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÃÐ´Ñº·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹à¾×èÍ

ÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍº´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹à¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

á¹Ç·Ò§ã¹¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒàÍ¡ÅÑ¡É³�¢Í§ªØÁª¹ã¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÁÕÍÂÙ‹ËÅÒÂ

»ÃÐ¡ÒÃ ·Ñé§ã¹´ŒÒ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ ÊíÒÃÇ¨ ÃÐºØ áÅÐ¨Ñ´·íÒ·ÐàºÕÂ¹

áËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹ÒÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐÁÃ´¡·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒ

Ã³Ã§¤� áÅÐÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁãËŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ»ÅÙ¡¾×ª¾Ñ¹¸Ø�·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹ ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒáÁ‹¹éíÒ

¤Ù¤ÅÍ§ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº·ÕèÇ‹Ò§ áÅÐ·ÕèâÅ‹§ã¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒáÅÐ

Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÃÙ»áººÍÒ¤ÒÃ·ÕèÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹Ò ¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹ÃÐºº¶¹¹ ÊÒ¸ÒÃ³Ù»âÀ¤

ÊÒ¸ÒÃ³Ù»¡ÒÃ ¡ÒÃÃÑ¡ÉÒáÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒÍ§¤�»ÃÐ¡ÍºËÅÑ¡¢Í§àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

·Ñé§¡íÒá¾§àÁ×Í§ »ÃÐµÙàÁ×Í§ â´Â¾ÂÒÂÒÁÃÑ¡ÉÒÇÑÊ Ø áÅÐ¢¹Ò´ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§

¡ÒÃÊ‹§àÊÃÔÁ¡Ô¨¡ÃÃÁáÅÐÇÔ¶ÕªÕÇÔµ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹

ã¹´ŒÒ¹¢Í§¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿ÙªØÁª¹áÅÐàÁ×Í§·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÑè§Â×¹ ÊÒÁÒÃ¶

·íÒä´Œâ´Â¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§°Ò¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹â´ÂªØÁª¹ ÇÒ§ÃÐººã¹¡ÒÃ

Ê×º·Í´ª‹Ò§½‚Á×ÍáÅÐÇÑÊ´Ø¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ â´Âà©¾ÒÐ¡ÒÃàµÃÕÂÁ¾×é¹·Õèà¾×èÍ

of legal support and incentives as well as policy support

from all sectors.

Consequently, in order to solve the problems

at their causes, the principles of conservation and

development of old towns must follow these seven

concepts, which are; the uniqueness preservation of

old towns; the determination of precise boundaries

for conservation and development; the restoration of

deteriorated or destroyed constructions, landscape, flora

and natural sources back to their original state; the

creation of contemporary activities as urban components

without destroying the value of cultural heritage; the

determination of law and order as well as directions

for urban development and incentives for conservation

and effective urban development; the development of

modern, convenient, and safe infrastructure in line with

the structure of old towns; and the establishment of

a local committee responsible for development of old

towns.

There are many ways which can be used to

preserve the uniqueness of communities in old towns.

Examples are studying, surveying, specifying, and registering

valuable cultural and natural heritages; preserving,

campaigning, and promoting local species planting;

preserving waterways; studying empty and open space

systems in the old towns; studying and conserving

valuable building architecture; planning road and

infrastructure systems, and preserving and developing the

main components of old towns such as city walls and

gates complete with the preservation of materials and

the promotion of activities and local ways of life.

As for the sustainable restoration of communities

and urban areas, a community responsible should be set

up. Especially in terms of woud the preparation of woud

by planting trees to repair the building. This will ensure

that communities will have wood to use for repairing

broken preserved buildings in the old towns. The

obstacle for the conservation of old towns in Thailand

is strategic to implement including the presence of laws

and incentives. As widely accepted in general, successful

conservation of old towns may be classified into five

categories ranking from the most difficult to the easiest,

which are:

1) the right of ownership by the state;

2) law issuance both hard and soft regulation;

3) incentives such as money support like grants,

41


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¤³ÐÍ¹Ø¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ¾Ñ²¹ÒáÅÐÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÃÐ Ñº Ñ§ËÇÑ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§ ·ŒÍ§¶Ôè¹

àª‹¹ à·ÈºÒÅ ÍÒ¨¨Ñ´µÑé§¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃËÃ×Í¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§

¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òä´Œ ·Ñé§¹Õ é »ÃÐà´ç¹¢Í§¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹ËÃ×Í

¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ·ÕèÃÑº¼Ô ªÍºà¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò äÁ‹ä ŒÍÂÙ‹·Õè¡ÒÃÁÕËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃ

matching grants, tax incentives, income tax

reduction, and property tax reduction;

4) change/transfer of right of properties development

by using development ceiling determination as a

tool, determination of buying or transferring

of rights, and determination of negotiation

intermediaries; and

5) information supply for both identification and

documentation such as registration or listing of

cultural heritage, validation, recognition, promotion,

creation of manuals for preservation and

maintenance techniques, coordination, education,

and persuasion or exhortation.

The appropriate management of old towns in the

north of Thailand can be applied to old towns in other

areas. It is divided into three main topics:

1. Establish a responsible agency, both provincial

and local levels: such an entity may be a commitment,

municipality committee or working group in charge of

development and conservation of old towns. However, the

key success is not just based on the appointment of such

a body taking care of old towns, but the commitment

to work which must be integrated with “heart”.

2. Integrated conservation plan for management

with a common goal and objective: since there are

many units participating on the job, trying to reduce

barriers on each of them is the best policy. A good form of

integration must involve plans in the form of conservation

plans or conservation and development plans for old

towns. In some areas, in particular, a good strategic plan

for conservation and development of old towns must

cover complete elements, so operators can understand

and use it as a direction for working. Besides having a

plan for old towns, other development plans should also


42

áµ‹§µÑé§¼ÙŒÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍºáµ‹à¾ÕÂ§ÍÂ‹Ò§à´ÕÂÇ áµ‹ÍÂÙ‹·ÕèÇ‹Ò¼ÙŒ·ÕèÃÑº¼Ô´ªÍºËÃ×Í

¤³Ð·íÒ§Ò¹¹Ñé¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁµÑé§ã¨¨ÃÔ§ã¹¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ÁÒ¡¹ŒÍÂà¾ÕÂ§ã´ «Öè§

»˜¨¨ÑÂ·Õè¨Ð·íÒãËŒ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒàÃç¨ ¤×Í ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃã¹

¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹ áÅÐ¡ÒÃ·íÒ§Ò¹´ŒÇÂ “ã¨”

2. á¼¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ â´Â

ÁÕà»‡ÒËÁÒÂáÅÐÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤�Ã‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹áµ‹¼ÙŒ·Õè·íÒ§Ò¹ÁÒ¨Ò¡ËÅÒÂË¹‹ÇÂ

ËÅÒÂÍ§¤�¡Ã ¨Ö§µŒÍ§¾ÂÒÂÒÁÅ´ÍØ»ÊÃÃ¤¢Í§áµ‹ÅÐ½†ÒÂãËŒä´ŒÁÒ¡

·ÕèÊØ´ ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Õè´Õ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕá¼¹·ÕèÍÒ¨ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅÑ¡É³Ð¢Í§á¼¹

Í¹ØÃÑ¡É� ËÃ×Íá¼¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ËÃ×ÍºÒ§áË‹§ÍÒ¨ÁÕ

á¼¹ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òâ´Âà©¾ÒÐá¼¹

·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡Ñº¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·Õè Õ ¨ÐµŒÍ§ÁÕÍ§¤�»ÃÐ¡Íº

·Õè¤ÃºÊÁºÙÃ³�à¾×èÍãËŒ¼ÙŒ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§à¢ŒÒã¨áÅÐÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒà»š¹á¹Ç·Ò§

ã¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃä´Œ «Öè§¹Í¡¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÁÕá¼¹´ŒÒ¹àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒáÅŒÇ á¼¹¡ÒÃ

¾Ñ²¹ÒÍ×è¹æ ¡ç¤ÇÃ¨ÐÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÊÍ´¤ÅŒÍ§¡Ñ¹´ŒÇÂã¹ÅÑ¡É³ÐºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ

ÁÔ©Ð¹Ñé¹á¼¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¨Ð´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃãËŒÊíÒàÃç¨ä´ŒÂÒ¡

«Öè§¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃÁÕËÅÒÂÁÔµÔ ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ´ŒÇÂ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¡ÒÃ

ºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ´ŒÇÂÇÑµ¶Ø»ÃÐÊ§¤�¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ´ŒÇÂÍ§¤�¡Ã ·Ñ é§¡ÒÃ

ºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Ò§µÑé§ ä Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃ¡íÒË¹´Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹ËÃ×Í¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃ

ÃÑº¼Ô ªÍºÅ´ËÅÑè¹µÒÁÍíÒ¹Ò¨Ë¹ŒÒ·Õè áÅÐ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Ò§¹Í¹·Õè

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3. ¡ÒÃ Ñ ÊÃÃ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ ã¹¡ÒÃ íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃà¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

ËÒ¡ÁÕ¡ÒÃºÙÃ³Ò¡ÒÃ·Õè ÕáÅŒÇ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ÍÒ¨äÁ‹ãª‹»ÞËÒ·ÕèÊíÒ¤ÑÞÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡

à¾ÃÒÐä ŒÁÕ¡ÒÃ»ÃÐÊÒ¹»ÃÐâÂª¹� »ÃÐÊÒ¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡ÃÃÐËÇ‹Ò§Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹

µ‹Ò§æ áµ‹ã¹ºÒ§¡Ã³ÕÊíÒËÃÑº¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèäÁ‹ÁÕÃÒÂä ŒËÃ×Í§º»ÃÐÁÒ³ÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡

â´Âà©¾ÒÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òã¹ Ñ§ËÇÑ ·ÕèäÁ‹ä Œà»š¹ Ñ§ËÇÑ ãËÞ‹ËÃ×Í Ñ§ËÇÑ ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ

ÍÒ¨µŒÍ§ãªŒ§º»ÃÐÁÒ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´ÊÃÃà»š¹¾ÔàÈÉ¨Ò¡ÃÑ°ºÒÅ¡ÅÒ§

ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ

ä´Œ¨Ñ´·íÒá¹Ç·Ò§»¯ÔºÑµÔáÅÐÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� ¾Ñ²¹Ò áÅÐ¿„œ¹¿Ù

¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁã¹¾×é¹·ÕèàÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒáÅÐ¾×é¹·Õèâ´ÂÃÍº µÒÁÁÒµÃ°Ò¹

¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ : àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

â´ÂãªŒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òã¹¾×é¹·ÕèÀÒ¤àË¹×ÍµÍ¹º¹à»š¹¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒ ä Œá¡‹ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

ÅíÒ»Ò§ àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÅíÒ¾Ù¹ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò¹‹Ò¹ áÅÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Òá¾Ã‹ «Öè§

àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·Ñé§ 4 áË‹§ à»š¹µÑÇá·¹¢Í§àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅíÒ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁ

ÊíÒ¤ÑÞàÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ã¹¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�¡ÅØ‹Á·Õè 1 (àÁ×Í§à¡‹ÒÅíÒ»Ò§ ÅíÒ¾Ù¹ áÅÐ

¹‹Ò¹) áÅÐàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò·ÕèÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÅíÒ´Ñº¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞàÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ã¹ÅíÒ´Ñº·Õè 2

(àÁ×Í§à¡‹Òá¾Ã‹) á¹Ç·Ò§ Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÊÒÁÒÃ¶¹íÒä»»ÃÐÂØ¡µ�ãªŒ¡ÑºàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò

·Ñé§ 2 ¡ÅØ‹Áã¹ÀÙÁÔÀÒ¤µ‹Ò§æ ä´Œß

be created, otherwise it would be difficult for the plan

to be successful. Plan integration is multi - dimensional,

e.g., integration by data, objective, organization, vertical

hierarchical function or committee description, and

horizontal networking for concerned parties.

3. Budget allocation on the management of old

towns: if good integration is in place then budget is not

an important issue because benefits and resources have

already been appreciated and arranged among units.

In some cases, however, areas that have no income or

huge amount of budget, especially those old towns in

small or minor provinces, may need a special budget

appropriated from the central government.

The Office of Natural Resources and Environmental

Policy and Planning provided guidelines directions and

measures on conservation, development, and restoration

of environment in the old towns and surrounding

areas pertaining to the natural and cultural heritage

standard: old towns, by using old towns in the upper

north as an area of study. Examples include old towns in

Lampang, Lampoon, Nan, and Prae. These 4 places are

representatives of old towns in need of urgent

conservation, group 1 (old towns in Lampang, Lampoon,

and Nan) and group 2 (old towns in Prae). These

directions can be applied for both groups of old towns

around the country.ß

ÍŒÒ§ÍÔ§ Reference:• ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ. 2548. ÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹ÒàÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ¾.È. 2548 - 2552. ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�áÅÐ¾Ñ²¹Ò¡ÃØ§ÃÑµ¹â¡ÊÔ¹·Ã�áÅÐ àÁ×Í§à¡‹Ò ¡ÃÐ·ÃÇ§·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï• ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡� ÀÒÂãµŒâ¤Ã§¡ÒÃºÃÔËÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃáÅÐ¿„œ¹¿ÙÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ. ºÃÔÉÑ· âÁâ¹¡ÃÒ¿ ¨íÒ¡Ñ´ ¡ÃØ§à·¾Ï.• ¹Ô¨ ËÔÞªÕÃÐ¹Ñ¹·¹�. 2550. ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É�¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁã¹àÁ×Í§. ¢‹ÒÇÊÒÃÊíÒ¹Ñ¡¼Ñ§àÁ×Í§. 33/2550. Ë¹ŒÒ 25 - 26.• Office of Natural R� on Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin and Old Towns, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Bangkok• Office of Natural Resource� the Management and Restoration of Natural and Cultural Heritage Project, Monograph Company Limited, Bangkok• Nid Hinchira�

43


Study of an Early Ecosystem of Cultural Heritage¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ

Sawanit Thiamthinkrit1ÊÇ¹Ôµ à·ÕÂÁ·Ô¹¡Äµ1

»¨ ØºÑ¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁºÃÃ¾¡ÒÅ2 ¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ

ä´ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡¤ÇÒÁµŒÍ§¡ÒÃ»ÃÑº»ÃØ§

ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹�¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèãËŒ¤§ÊÀÒ¾ã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§ ËÃ×ÍàËÁ×Í¹à´ÔÁãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´

à·‹Ò·Õè¨ÐÁÒ¡ä´Œ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐººÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁºÃÃ¾¡ÒÅ¢Í§áËÅ‹§

ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ¹Ñé¹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶·íÒä´Œâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂÈÒÊµÃ�áÅÐÈÔÅ»Š·ÕèÊÓ¤ÑÞá¢¹§

µ‹Ò§æ »ÃÐÂØ¡µ�à¢ŒÒ´ŒÇÂ¡Ñ¹«Öè§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶¨íÒá¹¡ ä´Œ 3 ÇÔ¸Õ ¤×Í

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¨Ò¡ÃÙ»áººÈÔÅ»ÐáÅÐÊ¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁáÅÐ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ

¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ�

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁºÃÃ¾¡ÒÅ¨ÐÁØ‹§à¹Œ¹à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¶Ö§

¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õè¤Çº¤Ù‹ä»¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ

¤ÇÒÁà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§·Ò§¸Ã³ÕÇÔ·ÂÒáÅÐ»°¾ÕÇÔ·ÂÒ¢Í§ªÑé¹´Ô¹·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§ÊÒÁÒÃ¶áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾

ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹Í´Õµ¨¹¶Ö§»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèÈÖ¡ÉÒä´ŒÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ ·Ñé§¹Õéâ´ÂÁÕ

¨Ø´»ÃÐÊ§¤�ËÅÑ¡à¾×èÍãªŒã¹¡ÒÃµÍº¤íÒ¶ÒÁà¡ÕèÂÇ¡Ñº¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§

¢Í§ÊÀÒ¾¾×é¹·Õè¹Ñé¹à»š¹ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§¢Í§ÃÐ´Ñº

¹éíÒ·ÐàÅã¹¾×é¹·Õè ¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹áµ‹ÅÐÂØ¤/ÊÁÑÂ

áÅÐ·Õèä ŒÃÑº¤ÇÒÁÊ¹ã¨à»š¹ÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡ã¹»¨ ØºÑ¹¤×Í¡ÒÃ¹íÒÁÒãªŒã¹¡ÒÃ

»ÃÑº»ÃØ§ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹�¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ à¾×èÍ»ÃÑº»ÃØ§ÊÀÒ¾ÀÙÁÔ·ÑÈ¹�ËÃ×Í

¨Ñ´·íÒáºº¨íÒÅÍ§¢Í§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁãËŒã¡ÅŒà¤ÕÂ§ËÃ×Í¶Ù¡µŒÍ§µÒÁ

ÊÀÒ¾´Ñé§à´ÔÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèãËŒÁÒ¡·ÕèÊØ´à·‹Ò·Õè¨ÐÁÒ¡ä´Œ

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¨Ò¡àÍ¡ÊÒÃ·Õè¹ÔÂÁ¡Ñ¹ÍÂ‹Ò§á¾Ã‹ËÅÒÂ¹Ñé¹

à¾ÃÒÐ§‹ÒÂáÅÐÊÐ´Ç¡µ‹Í¡ÒÃËÒ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ «Öè§ä´Œá¡‹ ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡ºÑ¹·Ö¡

¨ÒÃÖ¡ ¾§ÈÒÇ´ÒÃ ¨´ËÁÒÂàËµØ áÅÐ»ÙÁ «Öè§ÁÑ¡¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃ¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§

ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢Í§¾×é¹·Õèµ‹Ò§æ ·Õè¼ÙŒºÑ¹·Ö¡ä´Œà¢ŒÒä»à¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ àª‹¹

¡ÒÃ¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾¢Í§ºÃÔàÇ³»‡ÍÁºÒ§¡Í¡¢Í§ºÒ·ËÅÇ§µÒÃ�ªÒÃ´�

¹Ô¡ÒÂàÂ«ÙÍÔµ ¤¹áÃ¡«Öè§à´Ô¹·Ò§à¢ŒÒÁÒÍÂØ¸ÂÒã¹ÊÁÑÂ·ÕèÁÒ¡Ñº¤³Ð

½ÃÑè§àÈÊã¹ ¾.È. 2228 «Öè§µÃ§¡ÑºÊÁÑÂÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐ¹ÒÃÒÂ³�ÁËÒÃÒª

·íÒãËŒ·ÃÒºÇ‹Òã¹Í´Õµ¾×é¹·ÕèºÃÔàÇ³¡ÃØ§à·¾ÁËÒ¹¤Ãã¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¹Ñé¹

ÁÕÊÀÒ¾à»š¹´Ô¹àÅ¹ à»š¹¾×é¹·ÕèÅØ‹ÁµèíÒ¹éíÒ·‹ÇÁ¢Ñ§ ËÃ×Í¨Ò¡¨ÒÃÖ¡

ÇÑ´»†ÒÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ ·Õè¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ö§ÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ¡ÒÃÁÕÍÂÙ‹¢Í§

¾×ªã¹ºÃÔàÇ³â´ÂÃÍº (´ŒÒ¹·Õè 2 ºÃÃ·Ñ´·Õè 11 - 24) Ç‹Ò “.....¨Ö§ãªŒ

¹ÒÂª‹Ò§ãËŒ¿˜§¤íÒÊÑè§»ÅÙ¡ÊÃŒÒ§¡Ø®Õ¾ÔËÒÃ ¡ÅÒ§»†ÒÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ÍÑ¹ÁÕâ´Â

1 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 5 ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 2 ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹Í´Õµ·Ò§¸Ã³Õ¡ÒÅ1 Environmental Official, Level 5, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning.2 The environment as perceived through geological time scales.

Currently, the study of the Palaeoenvironment as

part of cultural heritage has become popular due to the

need to restore landscape to its original or previous state.

This study applies disciplines both from science and art,

which can classify into 3 methods namely 1) study from

documentations and memoranda, 2) study from art and

architecture, and 3) study from the scientific process.


44

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à¾´Ò¹ÍÑ¹ÇÔ¨ÔµÃ.....ã¹¡ÅÒ§ÊØÁÁ‹Ç§ãËŒ»ÃÐ´ÔÉ°Ò¹¡Ø®Õ¾ÔËÒÃ....” «Öè§à»š¹

·ÕèÁÒ¢Í§ª×èÍâºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹áË‹§¹Õé

¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§»ÃÒ¡¯¢ŒÍ¤ÇÒÁÍÕ¡ÁÒ¡ÁÒÂ·ÕèáÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§

ÊÀÒ¾¾×é¹·Õè¢Í§àÁ×Í§ÊØâ¢·ÑÂáÅÐÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ã¹áµ‹ÅÐª‹Ç§ÂØ¤ÊÁÑÂ µÒÁ

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ªÒÇµ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ·Õèà´Ô¹·Ò§à¢ŒÒÁÒáÅ¡à»ÅÕèÂ¹¤ÇÒÁÊÑÁ¾Ñ¹¸�ã¹´ŒÒ¹µ‹Ò§æ

àª‹¹ ºÑ¹·Ö¡¡ÒÃ·íÒ¡ÒÃ¤ŒÒ¢Í§ºÃÔÉÑ·ÍÕÊµ�àÍàªÕÂµÔ¡Ê� (VOC) ËÃ×Í

¨´ËÁÒÂàËµØá¡ÁÁÔà¿ÍÃ� à»š¹µŒ¹ «Öè§¢ŒÍ¤ÇÒÁàËÅ‹Ò¹ÕéÂÑ§¤§ÃÍ¤ÍÂ

¡ÒÃ¾ÔÊÙ¨¹�¢ŒÍà·ç¨¨ÃÔ§µ‹Íä» à»š¹µŒ¹

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂÃÙ»áººÈÔÅ»ÐáÅÐÊ¶Ò»˜µÂ¡ÃÃÁ à»š¹¡ÒÃ

ÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂÃ‹Í§ÃÍÂ¢Í§ÃÙ»áººÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ËÅ§àËÅ×ÍÍÂÙ‹

º¹âºÃÒ³Ê¶Ò¹ã¹áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ ¹Í¡àË¹×Í¨Ò¡·Õè¹Ñ¡âºÃÒ³¤´Õ

áÅÐ¹Ñ¡»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�ÈÔÅ»Š¨ÐãªŒà»š¹ÊÔè§¡íÒË¹´ª‹Ç§ÍÒÂØáÅÐàÇÅÒ

ã¹¡ÒÃ¡‹ÍÊÃŒÒ§ »ÃÑº»ÃØ§ ËÃ×Í à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ¹Ñé¹æ «Öè§

ÈÔÅ»�¹¼ÙŒÃÑ§ÊÃÃ¤�§Ò¹ÁÑ¡¨ÐËÂÔºÂ¡ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¢ŒÒ§µÑÇËÃ×ÍàÃ×èÍ§ÃÒÇ

·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯Ã‹ÇÁÂØ¤ÊÁÑÂ à»š¹Í§¤�»ÃÐ¡ÍºËÅÑ¡ã¹¡ÒÃÊÃŒÒ§ÊÃÃ¤� Ô¹µ¹Ò¡ÒÃ

§Ò¹ÈÔÅ»Š¢Í§µ¹ àª‹¹ ÀÒ¾µŒ¹¡ÅŒÇÂáÅÐµŒ¹µÒÅ·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯ãËŒàËç¹

ÍÂ‹Ò§à´‹¹ªÑ´º¹ÀÒ¾¨ÔµÃ¡ÃÃÁ½Ò¼¹Ñ§ÇÑ´ÀÙÁÔ¹·Ã� ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¹‹Ò¹

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒâ´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ� ÇÔ Õ¡ÒÃ·Õè¹ÔÂÁ

ãªŒã¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº§Ò¹âºÃÒ³¤´Õ ¤×Í¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡Ç§»‚äÁŒáÅÐ

¨Ò¡ÅÐÍÍ§àÃ³Ù «Öè§¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ñé§ÊÍ§¨ÐãËŒ¼ÅÅÑ¾¸�¢Í§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Õè

áµ¡µ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ¡Å‹ÒÇ¤×Í ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡Ç§»‚äÁŒ ¨Ð·íÒãËŒ·ÃÒº¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾

ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈã¹¢³Ð·ÕèµŒ¹äÁŒ¹Ñé¹ÁÕªÕÇÔµÍÂÙ‹ ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹Õé¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¢Í§

Gordon Jacoby ÂÑ§¾ºÇ‹ÒÇ§»‚·Õè¼Ô´ÃÙ»ä»¨Ò¡»¡µÔÊÒÁÒÃ¶º‹§ªÕé¶Ö§

¡ÒÃà¡Ô´á¼‹¹´Ô¹äËÇÍÕ¡´ŒÇÂ ·Ñé§¹Õéà¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍà¨ÃÔÞ¢Í§à¹×éÍäÁŒ

The study of the Palaeoenvironment emphasizes

changes in the ecosystem of an area, as well as its

geology and soil science. Moreover, it highlights climate

changes from the past until the present since its primary

goal is to report on and respond to the changes to the

area, for example the change of sea level and climate,

for each area. These days, more emphasis is placed

on this study because of its role in understanding the

landscapes of the past and in restoring artistic artifacts

to their original state as far as possible.

The study by review literature is popular, these

include memoranda, inscriptions, lineage documents,

archives and almanacs. These also mention about

information on the environment of the area. For example,

Fr. Guy Tachard SJ of the Jesuits’, who was among the

first group of French people who came to King Narai

the Great’s Ayutthaya in 1685, mention about Bangkok

fortress. It reveals that the soil of Bangkok was clay

filled with water. An inscription at Wat Pa Mamueng,

Sukhothai, describes the plant ecosystem (side 2, line

11 - 24) thus: “[He] .... commanded the workers to

construct a temple in the middle of the mango tree

forest west of Sukhothai....the fineness of temple ceiling....

in the neighbourhood of mango trees was a temple

constructed....” and this is the name of this historical site.

In addition, numerous resources also illustrate Sukhothai

and Ayutthaya throughout the ages. Inscriptions or travel

memoranda between locals and foreigners, such as

those from the East Asian Company (VOC) or Kaempfer’s

archives, await further investigation.

The study of art and architecture also reveals the

presence and nature of artifacts in ancient remains.

Besides the time and date of construction, archaeologists

and historians can identify acts of renovation or

modification of the cultural heritage. Further, artists can make

discoveries about the environment through studying

artistic pieces, for example the painting of banana

plants and palm trees in the wall of Wat Poomin, Nan.

The study by using scientific method can apply

to archaeology for example, studying tree rings

(Dendrochronology) and pollen (Palaeobotany), which

yield different results. Tree rings provide information on

the climate during the period of the tree’s growth.

Furthermore, Gordon Jacoby determined that some

unusual tree rings were shown when earthquakes

occurred. The growth of tree rings varies in accordance

with the presence of water in the different seasons.

45

ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁáÅÐÁÅ¾ÔÉ I Environment and Pollution

¨Ðá»Ã¼Ñ¹µÒÁ»ÃÔÁÒ³¹éíÒ·ÕèµŒ¹äÁŒä ŒÃÑºã¹áµ‹ÅÐÄ Ù¡ÒÅ ã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ´ŒÇÂ¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇÁÕ¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¤×Í ¾ºäÁŒà¾ÕÂ§ 2 ª¹Ô´

à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹·ÕèÁÕÇ§»‚·Õ èà¨ÃÔÞà©ÅÕèÂ»‚ÅÐ 1 Ç§ ¤×Í äÁŒÊ¹ (Tectona

grandis L.f.) Ç§È� PINACEAE Ê¡ØÅÊ¹ÊÍ§ãº (Pinus merkusii Jungh.

De Vriese) áÅÐÊ¹ÊÒÁãº (Pinus kesiya Royle. ex Gordon.) àª‹¹

¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÇ§»‚¢Í§âÅ§äÁŒÊÑ¡ã¹à¢µÍíÒàÀÍ»Ò§ÁÐ¼ŒÒ Ñ§ËÇÑ áÁ‹Î‹Í§ÊÍ¹

«Öè§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§¤ÇÒÁµ‹Íà¹×èÍ§¢Í§¾Ô¸Õ¡ÃÃÁ·Ò§¨ÔµÇÔÞÞÒ³«Öè§¹íÒ

äÁŒÊÑ¡ÁÒ»ÃÐ´ÔÉ°�à»š¹âÅ§ â´ÂÁÕÃÙ»áººÇÔÇÑ²¹Ò¡ÒÃ¢Í§ËÑÇâÅ§·Õè

áµ¡µ‹Ò§¡Ñ¹ ã¹ÂØ¤¡‹Í¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ� (ª‹Ç§»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2,300 -

1,200 »‚¡‹Í¹) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§áÊ´§ãËŒàËç¹¶Ö§ÊÀÒ¾¡ÒÃà»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§

ÀÙÁÔÍÒ¡ÒÈ¢Í§¾×é¹·ÕèºÃÔàÇ³¹Ñé¹ÍÕ¡ ŒÇÂ ã¹¢³Ð·Õè¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡ÅÐÍÍ§

àÃ³Ù¹Ñé¹ ¨Ð·íÒ¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¨Ò¡µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§´Ô¹ ÍÔ°áÅÐËÔ¹ à»š¹µŒ¹

à¾× èÍ¹íÒÁÒ·íÒ¡ÒÃÊ¡Ñ´áÅÐÊÑ§à¤ÃÒÐË�áÂ¡ÍÔ¹·ÃÕÂ�áÅÐÍ¹Ô¹·ÃÕÂ�

ÍÍ¡¨Ò¡¡Ñ¹â´Â¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ�¡‹Í¹¨Ð¹íÒµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õè

ä´ŒÁÒÈÖ¡ÉÒà»ÃÕÂºà·ÕÂº¡ÑºÅÐÍÍ§àÃ³ÙµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§µ‹Íä» àª‹¹ ¡ÒÃ

ÈÖ¡ÉÒµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§·Õèä´Œ¨Ò¡ªÑé¹´Ô¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÊÃÐ¹éíÒ ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³ÊÇ¹ËÂ‹ÍÁ

¢Í§¾ÃÐÃÒªÇÑ§âºÃÒ³ ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´¾ÃÐ¹¤ÃÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒ ¾ºÇ‹Òã¹ª‹Ç§

»ÅÒÂ¢Í§¡ÃØ§ÈÃÕÍÂØ¸ÂÒºÃÔàÇ³´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¶Ù¡»¡¤ÅØÁä»´ŒÇÂ¾×ª

ã¹Ç§È� Amaranthaceae (ºÒ¹äÁ‹ÃÙ ŒâÃÂ½ÃÑè§) Urticaceae

(µíÒáÂ) áÅÐ Moraceae (¢¹Ø¹) ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¾ºµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§¢Í§¾×ª

¹éíÒ¡Ã‹ÍÂ àª‹¹ â¡§¡Ò§ (Rhizophoraceae) áÊÁ (Avicennia)

áÅÐÅíÒ¾Ù (Sonneratia) «Öè§ÊÑ¹¹ÔÉ°Ò¹Ç‹Ò¹‹Ò¨ÐÅÍÂÁÒµÒÁ¹éíÒ¨Ò¡

ºÃÔàÇ³¾×é¹·Õè¹éíÒ¡Ã‹ÍÂ«Öè§äÁ‹ä¡Å¨Ò¡ÍÂØ¸ÂÒÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡äÁ‹¾º

ªÑé¹µÐ¡Í¹à¡Å×Íã¹ªÑé¹ Ô¹·Õè¾ºµÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§àËÅ‹Ò¹Õé áÅÐàÁ×èÍ·íÒ¡ÒÃÇÔà¤ÃÒÐË�

Ã‹ÇÁ¡ÑººÑ¹·Ö¡¢Í§ªÒÇµ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ·Õèà´Ô¹·Ò§à¢ŒÒÁÒã¹ª‹Ç§ÃÐÂÐàÇÅÒ¹Ñé¹

àª‹¹ ºÒ·ËÅÇ§µÒÃ�ªÒÃ�µ áÅÐ á¡ÁÁÔà¿ÍÃ� (Kaempfer) ¾ºÇ‹Ò¾×ª

´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¾ºÍÂÙ‹à»š¹¨íÒ¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³¾×é¹·Õè·Õèà»š¹¡ÃØ§à·¾ÁËÒ¹¤Ã

ã¹»¨ ØºÑ¹ ËÃ×Í¨Ò¡µÑÇÍÂ‹Ò§ Ô¹·Õèä Œã¹ªÑé¹ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁã¹ª‹Ç§µÍ¹»ÅÒÂ

¢Í§ÍÒ³Ò¨Ñ¡ÃÊØâ¢·ÑÂ (¾.È. 1900) ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³¤Ù¹éíÒÃÍºÇÑ´ã¹à¢µ

âºÃÒ³¢Í§ÍØ·ÂÒ¹»ÃÐÇÑµÔÈÒÊµÃ�ÊØâ¢·ÑÂ ¾ºÇ‹Ò ¾×é¹·ÕèÊ‹Ç¹ãËÞ‹ã¹

Í´Õµ¹Ñé¹»¡¤ÅØÁä»´ŒÇÂ µÒÅâµ¹´ ÁÐ¾ÃŒÒÇ ÁÐÁ‹Ç§ ÁÐ¢ÒÁ

áÅÐÂÒ§ à»š¹µŒ¹

Scientific study in Thailand has the constraint that there

are only two types of tree that has average one ring

per year, which are the teak (Tectona grandis L.f) and

the pine (Pinaceae, Pinus merkusii Jungh. De Vriese and

Pinus kesiya Royle. ex Gordon). The study of tree rings of

log coffins in the Pangmapa district of Mae Hong Son

shows continuity of ritual in using teak as a coffin log

and which evolved into various patterns in the prehistoric

era (approximately 1,200-2,300 years before present). It


46

ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ËÒÍ‹Ò¹à¾ÔèÁàµÔÁä´Œ¨Ò¡ For Further Reading:1) ÂÍÃ�ª à«à´Ê�, “ËÅÑ¡·Õè 4 ÈÔÅÒ¨ÒÃÖ¡ÇÑ´»†� 74 – 86.2) �3) Han ten Brummelhius, A History of the contacts between The Netherlands and Thailand, 1987.4) Manas Wattanasak, Assoc Prof. Dr., et al., Palaeo-ecological Reconstruction of Sukhothai World Heritage, Bangkok, 2003.5) Bernard Maloney, Environmental Reconstruction at Ayutthaya, Thailand, Queen’s University, Northern Ireland6) http://highland.trf.or.th/7) http://www.royin.go.th1) George Cœd‹s “The Fourth Kh� 1978,) p. 74-862) George Cds “The Kh�3) Hans ten Brummelhius, A History of the Contacts between the Netherlands and Thailand, 19874) Manas Wattanasak, Assoc Prof. Dr., et al., Palaeo-ecological Reconstruction of Sukhothai World Heritage, Bangkok, 20035) Bernard Maloney, Environmental Reconstruction at Ayutthaya, Thailand, Queen’s University, Northern Ireland6) http://highland.trf.or.th/7) http://www.royin.go.th

also shows how the climate has changed in the area.

Pollen analysis, on the other hand, uses samples of soil,

bricks and rock. Organic substances are extracted from

non-organic material and analysed. The study of soil from

a garden pond from an ancient palace in Ayutthaya

has revealed that, in the late of Ayutthayan period, was

covered with various plants such as Amaranthaceae,

Urticaceae and Moraceae. Samples of mangrove plants

were also found, such as Rhizophoraceae, Avicennia

and Sonneratia. It can be assumed that they came

from the area of brackish water located not far from

Ayutthaya, since no trace of salt sediment was found

in these samples. Analyses of such foreign memoranda,

Fr. Guy Tachard SJ and of Kaempfer in that period,

reveal that those plants were plentiful in what is now the

area of Bangkok. Soil samples from the late Sukhothai

period 1357 taken from pond areas around ancient

historical sites show that the land was mostly covered

with palm, coconut, mango, tamarind and rubber trees,

among others.

However, these scientific method, tree rings and

pollen analysis, are not popular in Thailand because

of the lack of trained personnel and people do not

appreciate the value and importance of the work.

Most of the research are conducted by foreign scholars

who working in Thailand. Besides, a complete study also

require carbon dating or Thermo luminescence method,

which are high cost and sometimes the investment is not

justified by results.

As a result, for a study of the early ecosystem

of our cultural heritage to be accurate and complete,

several methods are needed. A multidisciplinary approach

will render better accuracy and fewer errors.ß

·Ñé§¹Õé¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Ò§ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ�·Ñé§ÊÍ§¡ÃÐºÇ¹¡ÒÃ¹Õé

äÁ‹à»š¹·Õèá¾Ã‹ËÅÒÂã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÒ¡¹Ñ¡ à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡¢ŒÍ¨íÒ¡Ñ´¢Í§

ºØ¤ÅÒ¡ÃáÅÐ¡ÒÃãËŒ¤Ø³¤‹ÒáÅÐ¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ ¼Å§Ò¹·Õè»ÃÒ¡¯«Öè§ÁÑ¡

¨Ñ´·íÒâ´Â¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃªÒÇµ‹Ò§ªÒµÔ·Õèà¢ŒÒÁÒ·íÒ¡ÒÃÇÔ¨ÑÂã¹»ÃÐà·Èä·Â

à»š¹Ê‹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ ÍÕ¡·Ñé§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¶ŒÒ¨ÐãËŒä´Œ¼Å¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ·Õè

ÊÁºÙÃ³�¨ÐµŒÍ§·íÒÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñº¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ¤‹ÒÍÒÂØ â´ÂÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃµ‹Ò§æ àª‹¹

Carbon dating ËÃ×Í Thermo luminescence «Öè§ÁÕÃÒ¤ÒÊÙ§

ã¹ºÒ§¤ÃÑé§äÁ‹¤ØŒÁ¤‹Ò¡Ñº¡ÒÃÅ§·Ø¹

´Ñ§¹Ñ é¹¨ÐàËç¹ä´ŒÇ‹Ò¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈÇÔ·ÂÒã¹Í´Õµ¢Í§

áËÅ‹§ÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ¶ŒÒ¨ÐãËŒä´Œ¼Å·Õè¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÅÐÊÁºÙÃ³�¨ÐäÁ‹ÊÒÁÒÃ¶ãªŒ

à¾ÕÂ§ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃã´ÇÔ¸Õ¡ÒÃË¹Öè§à·‹Ò¹Ñé¹ ËÒ¡áµ‹µŒÍ§ÍÒÈÑÂÊËÇÔ·ÂÒã¹ËÅÒÂ

ÊÒ¢Ò»ÃÐ¡ÍºÃ‹ÇÁ¡Ñ¹ ¨Ö§¨Ðä´Œ¢ŒÍÁÙÅ·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁ¶Ù¡µŒÍ§áÁ‹¹ÂíÒáÅÐÁÕ

¤ÇÒÁ¼Ô´¾ÅÒ´¢Í§¢ŒÍÁÙÅ¹ŒÍÂ·ÕèÊØ´ß

47


The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡

Korapin Payakaprakarn1¡Ã¾Ô¹¸Ø� ¾ÂÑ¤¦»ÃÐ¡ÒÃ³�1

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¹íÒä»ÊÙ‹¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹à»š¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ â´ÂÁÕ Operational

Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage

Convention à»š¹á¹Ç·Ò§¡ÒÃ»¯ÔºÑµÔÊíÒËÃÑº»ÃÐà·ÈÀÒ¤ÕÊÁÒªÔ¡

»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡ÑºÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ »ÃÐà·Èä·Âä Œà¢ŒÒÃ‹ÇÁà»š¹ÀÒ¤Õã¹Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÏ àÁ×èÍà ×Í¹ÊÔ§ËÒ¤Á

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2. ¡íÒË¹´ÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ·ÕèàËÁÒÐÊÁ´ŒÒ¹¡®ËÁÒÂ ÇÔ·ÂÒÈÒÊµÃ�

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ÈÖ¡ÉÒÇÔ¨ÑÂ ¡ÒÃ»¡»‡Í§¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ ¡ÒÃÍ¹ØÃÑ¡É� ¡ÒÃºÃÔ¡ÒÃ·Ò§¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒ

áÅÐ¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿ÙÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ

3. ÅÐàÇŒ¹¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃã´æ ·ÕèÍÒ¨¨Ð·íÒÅÒÂÁÃ´¡·Ò§

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ÇÔ¨ÑÂáÅÐ»¡»‡Í§¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔã¹

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Therefore, the Convention serves as the important mechanism in selecting which sites of the States Parties to be considered for inscription on the World Heritage List.. There is also “Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention” available to the States Parties.

Thailand and World Heritage Convention Thailand became one of the States Parties in this convention in August, 1987. As of October, 2007, there are 185 States Parties in this convention. World Heritage Convention has proven to be one of the most successful international agreements on cultural and natural heritage conservation. The obligations that Thailand and other States Parties must share and adhere to are as follows. 1. Formulate policies and master plans for cultural and natural heritage conservation that are both efficient and beneficial to communities. 2. Formulate appropriate administrative, legal, scientific, and technological measures and provide funds for cultural and natural researches, conservation and protection campaigns, educational services, and rehabilitation programs. 3. Refrain from any action that could either directly or indirectly deteriorate cultural and natural heritage sites of other States Parties at the same time, support and assist other States Parties in their cultural and natural research and conservation programs.

¹ÔÂÒÁ Definition ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ËÁÒÂ¶Ö§ áËÅ‹§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁáÅÐ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ·ÕèÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹Òâ´´à ‹¹ÃÐ ÑºÊÒ¡Å (outstanding universal value) ¨¹ä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ»ÃÐ¡ÒÈ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹ãËŒà»š¹áËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ÀÒÂãµŒËÅÑ¡à¡³±�·ÕèÃÐºØäÇŒã¹Í¹ØÊÑÞÞÒÇ‹Ò ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ áÅÐ·Ò§¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔ ËÃ×ÍÍ¹ØÊÑÞÞÒ¤ØŒÁ¤ÃÍ§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ (The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage) World Cultural and Natural Heritage sites are sites of outstanding universal value in cultural and natural aspects and are listed as World Heritage sites under criteria outlined by the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, or the World Heritage Convention.

1 ¹Ñ¡ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ 6Ç. ¡Í§Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�ÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÈÔÅ»¡ÃÃÁ1 Environmental official level 6, Natural and Cultural Environmental Conservation Division


48

4. Í¸Ô»äµÂÊÙ§ÊØ´àË¹×ÍáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ ÂÑ§¤§à»š¹¢Í§ÃÑ°ÀÒ¤Õ

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- áËÅ‹§âºÃÒ³¤´ÕºŒÒ¹àªÕÂ§ ä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹àÁ×èÍ»‚ ¾.È. 2535 à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡à»š¹áËÅ‹§·ÕèÁÕ¤Ø³¤‹Ò·Ò§ÇÑ²¹¸ÃÃÁ¢Í§ÁÇÅÁ¹ØÉÂªÒµÔ

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5,000 »‚ «Öè§»ÃÒ¡¯¡ÃÐ¨ÒÂÍÂÙ‹·ÑèÇä»ã¹á¶ºàÍàªÕÂµÐÇÑ¹ÍÍ¡à©ÕÂ§ãµŒ

- ¾×é¹·Õè¡ÅØ‹Á»†Ò´§¾ÞÒàÂç¹-à¢ÒãËÞ‹ ä ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ¢Öé¹·ÐàºÕÂ¹àÁ×èÍ

»‚ ¾.È. 2548 à¹×èÍ§¨Ò¡à»š¹¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ·ÕèÍØ´ÁÊÁºÙÃ³� áÅÐ

ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁËÅÒ¡ËÅÒÂ·Ò§ªÕÇÀÒ¾ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§à»š¹¡ÅØ‹Á¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÃÇÁ¼×¹»†Ò·Õè

ÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§»ÃÐà·È·ÕèÁÕÍÒ³ÒºÃÔàÇ³µÔ´µ‹Í¡Ñ¹ 5 áË‹§ ¤×Í ÍØ·ÂÒ¹

áË‹§ªÒµÔà¢ÒãËÞ‹ - ·ÑºÅÒ¹ - »Ò§ÊÕ´Ò - µÒ¾ÃÐÂÒ áÅÐà¢µÃÑ¡ÉÒ

¾Ñ¹¸Ø�ÊÑµÇ�»†Ò´§ãËÞ‹

¹Ñºà»š¹¤ÇÒÁÀÒ¤ÀÙÁÔã¨ÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§·Õè»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡

âÅ¡¶Ö§ 5 áËÅ‹§ áÅÐ¶×Íà»š¹à¡ÕÂÃµÔÀÙÁÔ¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈªÒµÔ·ÕèàÃÒ·Ø¡¤¹

µŒÍ§ª‹ÇÂ¡Ñ¹ÃÑ¡ÉÒäÇŒ ÀÒ¤ÃÑ°¤ÇÃãËŒ¤ÇÒÁÃÙŒ ¤ÇÒÁà¢ŒÒã¨á¡‹»ÃÐªÒª¹

·Õèà¢ŒÒÁÒà·ÕèÂÇªÁáËÅ‹§ÁÃ´¡âÅ¡ à¾×èÍãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÃÑ¡áÅÐËÇ§áË¹

áÅÐà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¹Ö¡·Õè¨Ðª‹ÇÂ¡Ñ¹´ÙáÅ »ÃÐªÒª¹ã¹¾×é¹·Õè¡ç¤ÇÃàÅç§àËç¹

¤ÇÒÁÊíÒ¤ÑÞ¢Í§ÊÔè§·ÕèàÃÒÁÕÍÂÙ‹áÅÐÃ‹ÇÁÁ×ÍÃ‹ÇÁã¨¡Ñ¹Í¹ØÃÑ¡É�äÇŒß

4. Each World Heritage Site belongs to the state where the site is located. Thailand’s Properties submitted on the Cultural and Natural Heritage List Since the Royal Cabinet ratified Thailand to become one of the States Parties of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1987, Thailand has 5 properties inscribed on the World Heritage List. • Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns (Sukhothai Historical Park with associated historic parks in Sri Satchanalai and Kamphaeng Phet) was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1991 for the outstanding architectural value, representing the earliest Siamese Arts as well as Thailand’s origin. • Historic City of Ayutthaya was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1991 as a center of prominent artistic value and growth, representing how Thai Arts transformed over time. • Thungyai - Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries was inscribed on the World Heritage site in 1991 for the vast conservation forest that is biologically and ecologically invaluable. The area’s unique landscape and characteristics help shelter a great number of wild floras and faunas. • Ban Chiang Archaeological Site was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1992 for its rich archaeological value. Unearthed artifacts from the site, some are dated back over 5,000 years, help illustrate a clear view of ancient human civilization that was once widespread in Southeast Asia as well as to unveil technological evolution in the region. • Dong Phaya Yen - Khao Yai Forest Complex was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2005 for its fertile ecosystems, biodiversity, and a vast forest area covering 5 adjoining major forests in Thailand, namely Khao Yai National Park, Thap Lan National Park, Pangsida National Park, Ta Phraya National Park, and Dongyai Wildlife Sanc-tuary. It is a great honor of Thailand to have 5 proper-ties inscribed on the World Heritage List. Hence, thais should be proud and do our best to preserve and protect them. The government and public sectors should also educate the visitors and local residents about the immense values of these World Heritage sites in order to build up conscience in the mind of Thai people to preserve our national treasures.ß

49


Book Review“Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along the Gulf of Thailand”

á¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê×Í “Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§Í‹ÒÇä·Â·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÇÔ¡ÄµÔ”

¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§à»š¹»˜ÞËÒÊíÒ¤ÑÞ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ÁÒ¹Ò¹áÅŒÇã¹

»ÃÐà·È·ÕèÁÕ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅ·ÑèÇâÅ¡ ÊíÒËÃÑº»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡ç»ÃÐÊº¡Ñº

»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§àª‹¹à´ÕÂÇ¡Ñº»ÃÐà·ÈÍ×è¹æ ªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅ¢Í§

»ÃÐà·Èä·ÂÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ»ÃÐÁÒ³ 2,600 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ áº‹§à»š¹ 2 ´ŒÒ¹

¤×Í ªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅÍ‹ÒÇä·Â ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ 1,650 ¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ

¾×é¹·Õè 17 ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ áÅÐªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅÍÑ¹´ÒÁÑ¹ ÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇ 950

¡ÔâÅàÁµÃ ¤ÃÍº¤ÅØÁ¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½˜›§·ÐàÅÃÇÁ 6 ¨Ñ§ËÇÑ´ ÁÕ»ÃÐªÒ¡Ã

ÍÒÈÑÂã¹ºÃÔàÇ³¾×é¹·ÕèªÒÂ½˜›§¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â¡Ç‹Ò 12 ÅŒÒ¹¤¹ ¼Å¨Ò¡

¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§·íÒãËŒá¹ÇªÒÂ½˜›§à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ ËÃ×Íà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¶ÍÂÃ‹¹

¢Í§ªÒÂ·ÐàÅ «Öè§ÊÀÒ¾¢Í§ªÒÂ½˜›§à»ÅÕèÂ¹á»Å§ä» ¹Í¡¨Ò¡¨ÐÊ‹§¼Å

µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈã¹ºÃÔàÇ³´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇáÅŒÇÂÑ§·íÒãËŒÊÙÞàÊÕÂ·ÑÈ¹ÕÂÀÒ¾

«Öè§Ê‹§¼Å¡ÃÐ·ºÍÂ‹Ò§ÁÒ¡µ‹Í¡ÒÃ·‹Í§à·ÕèÂÇ áÅÐ¹íÒÁÒ«Öè§¤ÇÒÁÊÙÞàÊÕÂ

·Ò§àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨¢Í§»ÃÐà·ÈáÅŒÇ ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§ã¹ºÃÔàÇ³·ÕèÁÕ¡ÒÃ

µÑ é§¶Ô è¹°Ò¹¢Í§ªØÁª¹ÂÑ§·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¤ÇÒÁÊÙÞàÊÕÂ·ÃÑ¾Â�ÊÔ¹·Ñ é§¢Í§

Coastal erosion has long been a critical problem in

countries around the world adjacent to the sea, including

Thailand. With a total shoreline of 2,600 kilometers -

Thailand has 1,650 kilometers in coastline along the Gulf

of Thailand, covering 17 provinces, and 950 kilometers

along the Andaman Sea, covering 6 provinces. There

are over 12 million people residing along the coast.

Inevitably, geographical changes and receding shoreline

caused by coastal erosion pose adverse impacts not

only on the coastal ecosystems, but also on the

aesthetics. Consequently, tourism suffers, causing great

economic loss to our country. Moreover, coastal erosion that

occurs near residential areas brings about both public

and private property damage that causes significant


50

»ÃÐªÒª¹áÅÐ·Ò§ÃÒª¡ÒÃ «Öè§Ê‹§¼ÅÍÂ‹Ò§ÂÔè§µ‹ÍàÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨ ÊÑ§¤Á

áÅÐ¤Ø³ÀÒ¾ªÕÇÔµ¢Í§»ÃÐªÒª¹ »˜ÞËÒ´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¨Ö§¶×Íà»š¹ÇÔ¡ÄµÔ¢Í§

»ÃÐà·È·Õè¨íÒà»š¹µŒÍ§ä´ŒÃÑº¡ÒÃ¿„œ¹¿Ùà¾× èÍãËŒ¡ÅÑºÊÙ ‹ÊÀÒ¾à´ÔÁâ´Â

àÃ‹§´‹Ç¹ ´ŒÇÂ¡ÒÃÇÒ§á¼¹»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒÍÂ‹Ò§¶Ù¡ÇÔ¸Õ áÅÐ

à»š¹ÃÐºº â´ÂÍÒÈÑÂ¤ÇÒÁÃ‹ÇÁÁ×Í¢Í§·Ø¡½†ÒÂ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§

ã¹©ºÑº¹ÕéàÃÒ¢Íá¹Ð¹íÒË¹Ñ§Ê×Í “Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�¡ÒÃ¡Ñ à«ÒÐªÒÂ½›§

Í‹ÒÇä·Â·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÇÔ¡ÄµÔ” «Öè§¨Ñ´·íÒâ´Â ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å


à¹×éÍËÒã¹àÅ‹Áà»š¹¡ÒÃ¹íÒàÊ¹Í¢ŒÍÁÙÅáÅÐ¢ŒÍà·ç ¨ÃÔ§à¡ÕèÂÇ¡ÑºÊ¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³�

¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹ã¹¾×é¹·Õèµ‹Ò§æ ¢Í§Í‹ÒÇä·Â â´Âà©¾ÒÐ

¾×é¹·Õè·ÕèÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÃØ¹áÃ§ÍÂÙ‹ã¹ÀÒÇÐÇÔ¡ÄµÔ «Öè§ä´Œ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÈÖ¡ÉÒÃÇºÃÇÁ

àÍ¡ÊÒÃ·Ò§ÇÔªÒ¡ÒÃ·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§ áÅÐ¡ÒÃÊíÒÃÇ¨¾×é¹·Õèã¹ÀÒ¤Ê¹ÒÁ ¹Í¡

¨Ò¡¹ÕéÂÑ§¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÊÒàËµØáÅÐ»ÃÐà´ç¹»˜ÞËÒ·Õè·íÒãËŒà¡Ô´¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐ

äÁ‹Ç‹Ò¨Ðà»š¹ÊÒàËµØ¨Ò¡¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐ¡ÒÃ¡ÃÐ·íÒ¢Í§Á¹ØÉÂ� ÃÇÁ·Ñé§

¹íÒàÊ¹Í¼Å¡ÃÐ·º¨Ò¡¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§µ‹ÍÃÐºº¹ÔàÇÈ àÈÃÉ°¡Ô¨

áÅÐÊÑ§¤Á µÅÍ´¨¹¹íÒàÊ¹Í¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ

Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ¢Í§Ë¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹µ‹Ò§æ ·Ñé§ÀÒ¤ÃÑ°ÀÒ¤àÍ¡ª¹ ÃÇÁ·Ñé§»ÃÐªÒª¹

ã¹¾×é¹·Õè ÍÕ¡·Ñé§ÂÑ§ä´Œ¹íÒàÊ¹ÍÂØ·¸ÈÒÊµÃ�¡ÒÃ¨Ñ´¡ÒÃ»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢

»ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ à«ÒÐªÒÂ½›§¢Í§»ÃÐà·È «Öè§»ÃÐ¡Íº ŒÇÂà»‡ÒËÁÒÂËÅÑ¡

á¹Ç·Ò§ áÅÐÁÒµÃ¡ÒÃ¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹§Ò¹ã¹àÃ×èÍ§´Ñ§¡Å‹ÒÇ ÃÇÁ¶Ö§¹íÒàÊ¹Í

¢ŒÍ¤Ô´àËç¹áÅÐ¢ŒÍàÊ¹Íá¹Ðã¹¡ÒÃá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ¡ÒÃ¡Ñ´à«ÒÐªÒÂ½˜›§

à¾×èÍãËŒË¹‹ÇÂ§Ò¹·Õèà¡ÕèÂÇ¢ŒÍ§¹íÒä»¾Ô¨ÒÃ³Ò»ÃÐ¡Íº¡ÒÃ´íÒà¹Ô¹¡ÒÃ

»‡Í§¡Ñ¹áÅÐá¡Œä¢»˜ÞËÒ·Õèà¡Ô´¢Öé¹µ‹Íä»

ËÒ¡·‹Ò¹Ê¹ã¨ÊÒÁÒÃ¶µÔ´µ‹Íä´Œ·Õè ¡ÅØ‹Á§Ò¹µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹

Ê¶Ò¹¡ÒÃ³� ¡Í§µÔ´µÒÁ»ÃÐàÁÔ¹¼Å ÊíÒ¹Ñ¡§Ò¹¹âÂºÒÂáÅÐá¼¹

·ÃÑ¾ÂÒ¡Ã¸ÃÃÁªÒµÔáÅÐÊÔè§áÇ´ÅŒÍÁ ËÃ×Í download ä´Œ·Õè http://

www.onep.go.th/download/thai_bay_erosion.pdfß

impact on our society, economy, and people’s quality

of life. As a result, coastal erosion has made its way

onto the nation’s priority list and needs to be urgently

addressed through a prevention and resolution scheme

involving all stakeholders.

Here, we would like to introduce the interesting

book titled “Critical Stage of Coastal Erosion along

the Gulf of Thailand” published by the Monitoring and

Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Natural

Resources and Environment. The publication provides

alarming facts and information about the state of coastal

erosion, with a focus on the severely eroded areas along

the Gulf of Thailand, compiled from both academic

papers and field surveys. The causes and factors that

drive coastal erosion, whether natural or man - made,

are also presented here along with the socio - economic

and ecological impacts. Moreover, the publication outlines

the prevention and resolution programs implemented by

public and private authorities as well as local community

remedial efforts. Prevention and resolution strategies

on coastal erosion, complete with objectives, guidelines,

and operational measures, along with opinions and

recommendations concerning the topic are also included

for consideration by related authorities.

The publication can be requested from the State

of the Monitoring and Evaluation Group, Monitoring

and Evaluation Division, Office of Natural Resources and

Environmental Policy and Planning,or downloaded from

http://www.onep.go.th/download/thai_bay_erosion.pdf.ß

51

¡‹Í¹¨Ð»�´àÅ‹Á I Epilogue

Documents

TNE-51-v3