9

TLE – ICT – CSS Quarter 1 – Module 3:

Performing Computer Operations

TLE - ICT – CSS - Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 3: Performing Computer Operations First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Arlyn R. Laguras

Editors: Mark Dave M. Vendiola, Ericson B. Elnar

Reviewers: Mark Dave M. Vendiola, Jesusa D. Paladar

Typesetter: Ericson B. Elnar

Layout Artist: Ericson B. Elnar

Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera

Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid

Adolf P. Aguilar Elmar L. Cabrera

Nilita R. Ragay, EdD

Antonio B. Baguio

mailto:negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph

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TLE – ICT – CSS Quarter 1 – Module 3:

Performing Computer Operations

ii

Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE-ICT- Computer System Servicing 9 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Performing Computer Operations!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher

or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12

Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic

constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this

also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking

into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing

them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to

encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that

will help you in guiding the learners.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the TLE-ICT-Computer System Servicing 9 Alternative Delivery

Mode (ADM) Module on Performing Computer Operations!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful

opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.

You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while

being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the

module.

What I Know

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers

correct (100%), you may decide to skip this

module.

What’s In

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story, a

song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity

or a situation.

What is It

This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and

understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and

skills of the topic. You may check the

answers to the exercises using the Answer

Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned

This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do

This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill

into real life situations or concerns.

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Assessment

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

Additional Activities

In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned.

Answer Key

This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part

of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other

activities included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your

answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through

with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do

not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that

you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You

can do it!

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to

help you master how to input data into computer. The scope of this module

permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used

recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged

to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you

read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Computer Application Software

• Lesson 2 – Work Ergonomics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the function of application software;

2. enter and save data into the computer using appropriate application

software;

3. appreciate the importance of choosing the right application software for

a specific purpose;

4. explain ergonomics;

5. list down work ergonomic guidelines; and

6. observe work ergonomic guidelines.

What I Need to Know

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What I Know

Direction: Identify the following computer application software.

1. ______is a software application used to locate and display Web pages.

2. ______ is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to

manipulate visual images on a computer.

3. A program that controls the organization, storage, management, and

retrieval of data in a database.

4. _______ is a software program that helps create a slideshow that

addresses a topic.

5. _______ is a data file made up of rows and columns that are used to sort data and allow a user to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly

numerical data.

6. Used to produce high-quality printed documents such as magazine,

greeting card, posters, etc.

7. _______ is a software program capable of creating, storing, and printing

documents.

8. MS PowerPoint is an example of __________.

9. Google Chrome is an example of __________.

10. MS Word is an example of ___________.

Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if

not and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.

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Lesson

1 Computer Application

Software

What’s In

What are the basic set of devices found in most Personal Computers?

What is an input device? Give examples.

What is an output device? Give examples.

What’s New

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.

Let us name the icon. Name 3 icons that you are familiar with and give a brief

description of the icon that you have chosen.

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What is It

Application Software is a program or group of programs designed for end

users. Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-computer related)

tasks.

Examples of Computer Application Software:

Word processor Spreadsheet

Presentation Software

Database Management System Desktop Publisher

Graphic Editor Web Browser

Word Processor

Word processor is a software program capable of creating, storing, and

printing documents. Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word processors

have the ability of creating a document and making any changes anywhere in the

document. This document can also be saved for modification at a later time or to be

opened on any other computer using the same word processor.

Some of Word Processor Features:

▪ Insert text

▪ Delete text

▪ Cut and paste

▪ Copy

▪ Page size and margins

▪ Search and replace

▪ Print

Word Processor Examples are Microsoft Word, WordPro, AppleWorks and etc.

Spreadsheet

Spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and columns that are used to sort data

and allow a user to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly numerical data.

What makes a spreadsheet software program most unique is its ability to calculate

values using mathematical formulas and the data in the cells.

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Some of Spreadsheet Features:

⚫ Formulas

⚫ Functions

⚫ Charts

⚫ Cut/Copy/Paste with single cells or ranges of cells

⚫ Cells formatting

⚫ Cells merging

Spreadsheet Examples are Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Apple Numbers,

OpenOffice Calc.

Presentation Software

A presentation program is a software program that helps create a slideshow

that addresses a topic. Presentation programs are often used in businesses and

schools for discussing a topic or for teaching. It typically includes three major

functions: – an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted – a method for

inserting and manipulating graphic images – a slide-show system to display the

content.

Some of Presentation Software Features:

• Insert Slide

• Deletion of Inserted slides

• Allows cut and paste slides in any order.

• Allows duplication content or slide

• Allows you to display the presentation designed in a slide show system. (View

Slide Feature)

• Allows animations and/or sounds manipulations on objects in the slide.

Presentation Software Example are Microsoft PowerPoint, Adobe Persuasion,

Hypercard, OpenOffice Impress and Scala Multimedia

Database Management System (DBMS) Software

A program that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval

of data in a database. Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports.

Database Management System (DBMS) Software examples are Microsoft Access,

Oracle Database, MySQL and FoxPro

Desktop Publishing Software

Used to produce high-quality printed documents such as magazine, greeting

card, posters, etc. Allows you to use different typefaces, specify various margins and

justifications, and embed illustrations and graphs directly into the text.

Desktop Publishing Software examples are Adobe InDesign , QuarkXPress and

MS Publisher.

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Web Browser

Web browser is a software application used to locate and display Web pages.

Example: – Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Google Chrome.

Graphic Software

Graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of

programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer.

Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct categories: raster graphics and

vector graphics

Raster Graphic Editor

A raster graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to paint and

edit pictures interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many

popular “bitmap” or “raster” formats

Common features:

• Select a region for editing

• Draw lines with brushes of different color, size, shape and pressure

• Add typed letters in different font styles

• Apply various filters for effects

• Convert between various image formats.

Save and Save As

To save file your file, follow the following procedures:

1. In the File Tab, hover over and click Save As (saving for the first time and saving to another file name or another copy), click browse for you to access the Save As

dialog box and it will appear.

2. In the save as dialog box, you need to have the following information: File name

–is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file stored in a file system.

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File

Extension or File name Extension -is the ending of a file that helps identify the

type of file in operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows. In Microsoft Windows, the file name extension is a period that is often followed by three characters but may

also be one, two, or four characters long. Some of the more common file extensions are listed below, separated by the types of files the associated file extensions.

Picture

files

➢ .bmp ➢ .gif

➢ .jpg

Music and

sound files

➢ .mp3 ➢ .wav

Operating

system files

➢ .dll ➢ .exe

Text and

word

processing

documents

➢ .doc

➢ .docx ➢ .rtf

➢ .txt

Spreadsheet

files

➢ .xls ➢ .xlsx

➢ .xlr ➢ .csv

Web Page

files

➢ .htm ➢ .html

File Location or Path - defines the location of a file or folder in a computer's file

system. Paths are also called "directory paths" because they often include one or

more directories that describe the path to the file or folder.

3. After filling in the filename, choosing the file extension and the location, then

click save.

File name File name

Extension

File Location or Path

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/os.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/comp/msoft.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/w/windows.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/charact.htm

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Note:

Use Save to update the lastly preserved file with the latest content

Use Save As to store a new file or to store an existing file to a new location with the

same name or a different name.

What is a Storage Device?

A storage device is any hardware capable of holding information either

temporarily or permanently.

There are two types of storage devices used with computers:

1. a primary storage device, such as RAM, and a secondary storage device, such as

a hard drive.

2. Secondary storage can be removable, internal, or external.

(www.computerhope.com 2017)

A primary storage device is a medium that holds memory for short periods of

time while a computer is running. Although it has a much lower access time and

faster performance, it is also about two orders of magnitude more costly

than secondary storage

RAM (random access memory) and cache are both examples of a primary

storage device. The image shows three different types of storage for computer data.

Primary storage's key differences from the others are that it is directly accessible by

the CPU, it is volatile, and it is non-removable.

A secondary storage device is a non-volatile device that holds data until it is

deleted or overwritten. Secondary storage is about two orders of magnitude cheaper

than primary storage. Consequently, a hard drive or an additional, slower SSD may

use as secondary storage to a primary, faster, PCIe SSD.

Off-line storage is a subset of secondary storage, as they both serve the same

purpose and do not interact directly with the CPU.

Examples of secondary storage:

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated

as a hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile

data storage device. It is usually installed internally

in a computer, attached directly to the disk controller

of the computer's motherboard. It contains one or more platters, housed inside of an

air-sealed casing. Data is written to the platters using a magnetic head, which moves

rapidly over them as they spin. Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay, connected

to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable. They are powered by a

connection to the computer's PSU (power supply unit). Examples of data that may

be stored on a computer's hard drive include the operating system,

installed software, and the user's personal files

https://www.computerhope.com/os.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/software.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/file.htm

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Solid-State Drive

Short for solid-state drive, an SSD is a storage

medium that uses non-volatile memory as a means of

holding and accessing data. Unlike a hard drive, an

SSD has no moving parts which gives it advantages

such as faster access time, noiseless operation, higher

reliability, and lower power consumption. The picture

shows an example of an SSD made by Crucial.

As the costs have come down, SSDs have become suitable replacements for a

standard hard drive in both desktop and laptop computers. SSDs are also a great

solution for netbooks, nettops, and other applications that don't require a lot of

storage.

USB Thumb Drive

Alternatively referred to as a USB flash drive,

data stick, pen drive, memory unit, keychain drive,

and thumb drive, a jump drive is a portable storage

device. It is often the size of a human thumb

(hence the name), and connects to a computer via

a USB port. Flash drives are an easy way to store

and transfer information between computers and

range in sizes from 2 GB to 1 TB.

Unlike a standard hard drive, the flash drive has no movable parts; it contains

only an integrated circuit memory chip that is used to store data. Flash drives usually

have plastic or aluminum casings surrounding the memory chip. The picture shows

a SanDisk Cruzer Micro 16 GB flash drive.

SD Card

Short for Secure Digital card, the SD card is one of the more common types of

memory cards used with electronics. The SD technology is used by over 400 brands

of electronic equipment and over 8000 different models, including digital

cameras and cell phones. It is considered the industry standard due to the wide use.

Types of SD cards

The three versions of the SD card, along

with their physical dimensions, are shown below.

SD - 32mm x 24mm x 2.1mm.

MiniSD - 21.5mm x 20mm x 1.4mm.

MicroSD - 15mm x 11mm x 1.0mm

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/ssd.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/n/nettop.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/digicame.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/digicame.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cell-phone.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/minisd.htm

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CD

Abbreviated as CD, a compact disc is a flat,

round, optical storage medium invented by James Russell. The first CD was created at a Philips

factory in Germany on August 17, 1982. The picture is an example of the bottom of a standard compact disc

and is the side the disc player reads. The opposite side

of the disc has a label to help indicate what is on the disc

DVD

Short for digital versatile disc or digital video disc,

a DVD or DVD-ROM is a disc capable of storing a

significant amount more data than a standard compact

disc. DVDs are widely used for storing and viewing

movies and ot her data. The picture of the Matrix DVD

movie disc is an example of a DVD movie. DVD-ROM

drives that utilize these discs were first sold in 1997.

Floppy Diskette

Alternatively referred to as a floppy or floppy disk,

a floppy diskette is a type of storage media, capable of

storing electronic data, like a computer file. The floppy

diskette was first created in 1967 by IBM as an

alternative to buying hard drives, which were extremely

expensive at the time.

Tape Drive

A tape is a magnetically thin coated piece of

plastic wrapped around wheels capable of storing

data. Tape is less expensive than other storage

mediums, but it is a much slower solution because

it is sequential access and is often used for backing

up large amounts of data.

Today, tape has mostly been abandoned for faster and more reliable solutions

like disc drives, hard drives, and flash drives that are all direct access and cloud

storage. The image is an example of magnetic tape taken by KENPEI and shared

under the creative commons.

Which storage devices are used today?

Most of the storage devices mentioned above are no longer used with today's

computers. Most computers today primarily use an SSD to store information, as well

as the ability to use USB flash drives and access to cloud storage. Most desktop

https://www.computerhope.com/history/1982.htm

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computers and some laptops include a disc drive that is capable of reading and

writing CDs and DVDs.

What storage device has the largest capacity?

For most computers, the largest storage device is the hard drive or SSD.

However, networked computers may also have access to larger storage with

large tape drives, cloud computing, or NAS devices.

What’s More

Activity 1

Forming the jumbled letters. Below are jumbled letters. Each group of jumbled

letters is referring to one application software. Let us play!

1. WDOR CESPROSOR

2. SHEETSPREAD

3. TATIONPRESEN

4. BASEDATA

5. CATIONAPPLI

6. SHERPUBLI

7. BRSEROW

8. PHICSGRA

9. WARESOFT

10. MS RDWO

What I Have Learned

What are the examples of application program/software?

What is the importance of application program/software?

How to save your work?

What are the different storage devices?

What should you consider first when buying a storage device?

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What I Can Do

Using the concept web, answer the following:

Assessment

Direction: Answer the K-W-L chart. Write your answer on your notebook.

K W L

What do you think

you KNOW about

computer

application/software?

What do you WANT to

know about computer

application software?

What did you LEARN

about computer

application software?

TYPES OF

APPLICATION

SOFTWARE

COMPUTER

APPLICATION

SOFTWARE

EXAMPLES

OF

APPLICATION

SOFTWARE

COMPUTER

APPLICATION

SOFTWARE

MEANING

USES OF

APPLICATION

SOFTWARE

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Additional Activities

Try this:

Instruction: Follow the directions carefully.

Situation:

Your teacher in Empowerment Technology ask you to give him the attendance

for this week in a tabular form of your group mates in soft copy. How will you do it?

A. Open MS Word. To open, follow the procedures:

1. In ta start button, look for MS Word, hover over and click. Once the MS Word is

open a new blank document appears.

2. In the INSERT tab, click tables and choose 6x10. (As shown in the illustration

below)

NAMES MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

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3. Enter the name of your classmates in the NAMES column and write present or

absent on the day’s column.

4. Save your work as:

filename: name_activity 1

file extension: .docx

file location: drive D

You will be graded base on the rubrics below:

Area 10 8 6

Workmanship able to encode 10 members with

correct spelling and in a tabular

form

able to encode 5-8 members with

correct spelling and in a tabular

form

able to encode at least 4 with

correct spelling and in a tabular

form

Accuracy able to follow all

the instructions

follow the instructions but

with 2 mistakes

follow the instructions but

with 5 or more

mistakes

Speed/Time able to submit

within the given

time

able to submit

but with 15-30

minutes late

able to submit

but with 1 hour late submit or

the next day

Note: for the SPEED in the rubrics for a face to face situation, students will be given

15 minutes, for a blended instruction (like if they are going to do it at home) they are

given 1 day to submit their work. (It is in the restriction of the teacher as to what

platform will the teacher use in the submission of outputs.)

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What I Know

1.Web Browser

2.Graphics Software

3.Database Management System

Software

4.Presentation Software 5.Spreadsheet

6.Desktop Publishing Software

7.Word Processor

8.Presentation Software

9.Web Browser

10.Word Processor

What’s In

Answers may vary

What’s New

Answers may vary

What’s More

1.Word Processor 2.Spreadsheet 3.Presentation 4.Database 5.Application 6.Publisher 7.Browser 8.Graphics 9.Software 10.MS Word

Answer Key

What I Have Learned

Answers may vary

What I Can Do

Answers may vary

Assessment

Answers may vary

Additional Activities

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Text References

Christensson, Per. "Path Definition." TechTerms. (February 5, 2009). Accessed Jun 18, 2020. https://techterms.com/definition/path.

Lithmee, Difference Between Save and Save As 2018. Accessed June 18, 2020.

https://pediaa.com/difference-between-save-and-save-as/

2019. CSCA0101 Computing Basics. Accessed June 16, 2020.

https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/csca0101_ch07.pdf

2020. Filename. Accessed June 18, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename

2020. Filename Extension. Accessed June 18, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension

2019. File Extension. Accessed June 18, 2020. https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fileext.htm

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “software,” accessed July 1, 2020,

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/software.

Image References

2019. https://www.computerhope.com. June 30. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/stordevi.htm.

2019. https://www.computerhope.com. December 30. Accessed JUne 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/compactd.htm.

2017. https://www.computerhope.com/. December 29. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/secostor.htm.

2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. March 06. Accessed jUNE 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/harddriv.htm.

https://www.amazon.com/Crucial-2-5-Inch-9-5mm-Solid-

CT064M4SSD2/dp/B004W2JKWG

2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. April 30. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/j/jumpdriv.htm.

2018. https://www.computerhope.com/. December 09. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/sdcard.htm.

2020. https://www.computerhope.com/. June 02. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dvd.htm.

2019. https://www.computerhope.com/. December 30. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/floppydi.htm.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/compactd.htm

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/9-track-drive-

open.jpg/588px-9-track-drive-open.jpg

2019. https://www.computerhope.com/. December 30. Accessed June 22, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tape.ht

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/softwarehttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/stordevi.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/compactd.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/secostor.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/harddriv.htmhttps://www.amazon.com/Crucial-2-5-Inch-9-5mm-Solid-CT064M4SSD2/dp/B004W2JKWGhttps://www.amazon.com/Crucial-2-5-Inch-9-5mm-Solid-CT064M4SSD2/dp/B004W2JKWGhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/j/jumpdriv.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/sdcard.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/d/dvd.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/floppydi.htmhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/compactd.htmhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/9-track-drive-open.jpg/588px-9-track-drive-open.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/9-track-drive-open.jpg/588px-9-track-drive-open.jpg

17

Lesson

2 Work Ergonomics

What I Know

Direction: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line, if you think a

statement is TRUE. Place F, if you think the statement is FALSE.

_____ 1. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater than 90 degrees flexion when sitting in front of a computer.

_____ 2. A well-designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the waist and

forehead muscles. _____ 3. Set the eye to screen at a distance that permits you to most easily focus on

the screen. _____ 4. Changing posture at frequent intervals maximizes fatigue when using a

computer. _____ 5. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the

horizontal and the wrists to be straight.

_____ 6. It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a

postural/stretching break. _____ 7. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker

should hold the book below the surface and assess the change in reflected glare from the screen.

_____ 8. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard in typing.

_____ 9. Good posture is essential for all users of computers.

_____ 10. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz.

What’s In

What are the application softwares?

What is/are the importance of application software?

How to save a document?

How to print a document?

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What’s New

Answer the following. Write your answer on your notebook.

What is It

Computer Workstation Ergonomics

There are various health problems associated with the regular use of

computers, such as stress, eyestrain, and injuries to the wrists, neck, and back.

Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the

regular use of computers.

Computer ergonomics is the discipline of matching the task to the worker

using the most appropriate equipment to optimize human well-being and overall performance.

This can be simplified to ―Modify the workplace, not the individual".

Consideration should be given to:

• The accessories required to operate properly

• The layout of equipment on the desk

• The location of furniture in the room

What are some

examples of

ergonomics?

What is ergonomics?

ERGONOMICS

What are some

examples of

ergonomics?

What are some

examples of

ergonomics?

19

Work Surface Height

Adjust the height of the work surface

and/or the height of the chair so that the

work surface allows your elbows to be bent

at 90 degrees, forearms parallel with the

floor, wrist straight, shoulders relaxed.

Chair

Adjust the seat tilt so that you are

comfortable when you are working on the

keyboard. Usually, this will be close to

horizontal but some people prefer the seat

tilted slightly forwards. Your knees should be

bent at a comfortable angle and greater

than 90 degrees’ flexion. If this places an

uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if the feet do not reach the floor, then a footrest should be used. The footrest height must allow your knees to be bent at 90 degrees. Therefore, the height of the footrest may need to be

adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower back when you

are sitting upright.

Keyboard Placement

Place the keyboard in a position that

allows the forearms to be close to the horizontal and the wrists to be straight. That is, with the

hand in line with the forearm. If this causes the

elbows to be held far out from the side of the body, then re-check the work surface height. Some

people prefer to have their wrists supported on a wrist desk or the desk. Be careful not to have the

wrist extended or bent in an up position.

Screen Placement

Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily focus on the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length. Set the height

of the monitor so that the top of the screen is below eye level and the bottom of the screen can be read without a marked inclination of the head. Usually,

this means that the center of the screen will need to be near shoulder height. Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who wear bifocal or multi-focal

lenses will need to get a balance between where they see out of their lenses

and avoid too much neck flexion.

20

Desk-Top Layout

Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both

hands so that there is no unnecessary twisting of any part of the body. Most people prefer the document holder to be between the keyboard and the

monitor. There are many different types of document holders available.

Document Holder

Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that causes the

least twisting or inclination of the head.

Posture and environment

Change posture at frequent intervals

to minimize fatigue. Avoid awkward postures

at the extremes of the joint range, especially

the wrists. Take frequent short rest breaks

rather than infrequent longer ones. Avoid sharp

increases in work rate. Changes should be

gradual enough to ensure that the workload

does not result in excessive fatigue. After

prolonged absences from work the overall duration of periods of keyboard

work should be increased gradually if conditions permit

Lighting

Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly

underneath. Try to site desks between rows of lights. If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the desks should be parallel with the lights. Try not to put the screen near a window. If it is unavoidable, ensure

that neither the screen nor the operator faces the window. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz. If the monitor is well

away from windows, there are no other sources of bright light and prolonged desk-work is the norm, use a low level of service light of 300 lux. If there are

strongly contrasting light levels, then a moderate level of lighting of 400 - 500

lux may be desirable.

Glare and Reflection

It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To determine whether there is glare from overhead lights whilst seated worker

should hold an object such as a book above the eyes at eyebrow level and establish whether the screen image becomes clearer in the absence of

overhead glare. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker should hold the book above the surface and assess the change in

reflected glare from the screen.

21

Using a Mouse

A well designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist

and forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep the wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle. Pressure can be reduced by releasing the mouse at frequent intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse. Keep

the mouse as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and close to the

body.

Posture during Keying

Good posture is essential for all users

of computers. It comprises of a natural and

relaxed position, providing opportunity for

movement, and from which the operator can

assume a number of alternative positions.

It is not a single, rigidly defined position.

Typing Technique

Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires skill, hence the

need to learn correct typing technique. Unskilled ('hunt and peck') typists are particularly at risk of Occupational Overuse Injury because they: often use only one

or two fingers which may overload the finger tendons; are constantly looking from

keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain neck muscles; often adopt a tense posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to strike').

Speed of Keying

The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it possible for a skilled

operator to type extremely quickly. This capability reinforced by workload pressures

means the potential exists for operators to key at speeds which may cause or contribute to Occupational Overuse Syndrome. The role of the repetitive movement

in injury is not fully understood but is believed to interfere with the lubrication capacity of tendons, and the ability of muscles to receive sufficient oxygen supplies.

10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard.

Length of time on the keyboard

The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and increases the likelihood of muscular aches and pains. In addition, long periods of repetitive

movement and sustained visual attention can also give rise to fatigue-related complaints. It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours

a day on keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a postural/stretching break.

22

POINTS TO REMEMBER

Computers –Ergonomic Guidelines

• Viewing distance: The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the child’s eyes.

• Time at computer: Encourage children to use their physical energy.

• Seat and height posture: The child should sit high enough to have his arms bent at 90°

• Footrest: Use it prevent dangling feet.

• Mouse: Find one that fits small hands. • Keyboard: Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are recommended.

What’s More

List down 5 work ergonomic guidelines that each person should follow while

working.

What I Have Learned

What is ergonomics?

Is it important to follow ergonomics while working? Why or Why not?

What I Can Do

Directions: Choose one job (either computer technician or computer programmer)

or activity at work or at home. List potential A, B and C type hazards on computer

ergonomics for the job or activity on the worksheet and give reasons for the type of

hazard. Follow the format below. Write it on your notebook.

23

You will be graded base on the following:

Assessment

Minute Paper.

1. What is the proper posture during keying? 2. What is the proper screen placement?

3. What is the proper placement of the chair while working on a computer?

Additional Activities

Ask anybody at home about the ergonomics they are following at work.

24

Answer Key

What I Know

1.T 2.F

3.T 4.F

5.T 6.T

7.F 8.T 9.T

10.T

What’s In

Answers may vary

What’s New

Answer’s may vary

What’s More

Answer’s may vary

What I Can Do

You will be graded base on the following:

Assessment

Answer’s may vary

Additional Activities

Answer’s may vary

25

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

Text References

n.d. In Computer Hardware Servicing Exploratory Course for Grade 7 and 8,

Ronaldo V. Ramilo and Deover M. Pasco. pages 83-91. Department of Education.

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “posture,” accessed July 1, 2020,

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/posture.

Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “workplace,” accessed July 1, 2020,

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/workplace.

Image References

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/harddriv.htm

https://artsonline.uwaterloo.ca/fall2011newsletter/posture.html

https://personalexcellence.co/blog/good-posture/

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/typing-troubles-how-to-avoid-wrist-pain/

mailto:negros.oriental@deped.gov.phhttps://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/harddriv.htmhttps://artsonline.uwaterloo.ca/fall2011newsletter/posture.htmlhttps://personalexcellence.co/blog/good-posture/https://health.clevelandclinic.org/typing-troubles-how-to-avoid-wrist-pain/