Title :

“Why, what and how Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone -

Some experiences in Holland”

by

Robbert MisdorpAdvisor to Neth. Min. V&W, Advisor to the Romanian PlanCoast &Neth. Gov. Peer Reviewer for UN-

IPCC.EU-PlanCoast Conference Constanta, May/June 2007

Contents:

1. Why & What Spatial Planning : Globally and in Holland

2. Coastal urbanisation in Holland and Belgium: a world of difference

3. Rotterdam Harbour and sustainable development: 1993 – 2010

4. Netherlands North Sea Integrated Spatial Planning and Implementation – 2015

5. European coastal sustainability indicators applied in The Netherlands, 2006

6. Netherlands Progress Report on ICZM Implementation for the EU, 2005

7. General Conclusions

1. What & Why Spatial Planning

Coastal Zone: Many definitions – common elements:

• Coastal zone is a broad, wide area with a marine and terrestrial part,

• The terrestrial part of the coastal zone: the natural and socio-economic processes of sea and land meet.

Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone:

The World Coastal Zone - CZ –

so rich in natural resources but so heavily pressured:

•The CZ: more than 50 % of world population is living, working, recreating in the CZ;

•The population in the CZ is growing faster: 2.2% versus 1.8% global growth;

•The economic pressure in the CZ is even more strongly increasing ;

•Many different functional uses: nature, safety against flooding, transport, navigation, harbour, airport, urban settlements, agri-& horticulture, tourism, recreation, oil/gas exploration/exploitation, freshwater purification;

•From the sea side: anticipated impacts of human induced Climate Change being ASLR, storminess, salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers,

will further exacerbates the pressure.

Why Spatial Planning

in

The Netherlands’ Coastal Zone

Spatial Planning in the Netherlands’ Coastal Zone:

Drivers :The CZ of Holland: half of the national territory & low lying & productive: • 60% of population, • High pop. density > 500 inh/km2, • 65% of the National GNI is earned• Capital Investment : 5000 Billion Euro, • Agri- & Horticulture: Holland the third largest world exporting country, • The harbour of Rotterdam (largest of Europe) and the national airport Schiphol (third largest

of Europe, at 4.5 m below MSL) together about 20% of the GNI.

Pressures: Growing economic pressure results in conflicts of the different uses and cry for space: • Increasing coastal urbanisation;• Vulnerable to flooding by the sea and rivers, coastal erosion, salt water intrusion in fresh water

aquifers, downstream pollution; • Impacts of Climate Change: anticipated Accelerated Sea Level Rise, increase of storminess, changes

in river discharges: in summer less, in winter more flow, effecting safety, water quality, river transport.

Integrated Coastal Management and Spatial Planning are being applied.

Why Spatial Planning in the Coastal Zone

The Coastal Zone is increasingly squeezed

between terrestrial and marine high dynamic forces: An integrated spatial planning & implementation:

helps to adapt to global changes and

• decreases coastal vulnerabilities, and • increases the sustainable development processes.

3. Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area – basic figures:

Area: 10 x 40 km2 < 1% of National Territory

Pop.: 1,2 million, Pop.Dens.:3000/ km2 > 7 * Nat.Pop.Density Direct employment: 60,000; Indirect employment: 300,000

2006 -Transshipment Load: 370 million ton

Contribution to GNI: 6,5 %

Largest Harbor of Europe

Many threats and challenges ahead in:Aiming at sustainable development of this complex area

Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area

Greater Rotterdam Harbor Area is a complex area both in

• Socio-economic sense, as well as in • Natural coastal processes’ sense .

To make such a complex area sustainable productive: that is a real challenge for Integrated Management & Development Measures

ROM-Rijnmond Program, 1993 – 2010 =

Institutional setting:• Initial Leader : Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment• Board of Directors - High Level Representatives of : 2 Ministries, 1 Province,

16 Towns, Rotterdam Harbor Authority, 600 Harbor Companies and NGO’s,

• Executive , Daily Council : 10 Persons• Covenant of Cooperation signed in 1993 lasting to 2010• Strong vertical and horizontal cooperation & integration,• High level of dissemination and transparency,

Website: www.rom-rijnmond.nl

‘The integrated spatial planning and implementation program for

sustainable development of the Rotterdam Harbor Area, 1993-2010’

ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010 =

Socio-economic issues:• Long –term program : 1993 - 2010• Common Investment by all partners:

7.5 Billion Euro

• Harbor related Employment: 90,000

Environmental issues: Nature

conservation/increaseHabitat restorationPollution reductionGreen-Recreation

area increase

Integrated Spatial Planning & Development Program

ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 – 2010:

Some Results:

EstablishingEstablishing a tropical Shrimp Farm: Using residual heat from the cooling water - Harbour Electric Power Station

ReturningReturning of a Grey Seal Community: man- induced habitat & improved water quality

Planning and Creating new space: Planning and Creating new space:

StrengtheningStrengthening: CoastalNature Function + Recreation +

Research

Residual industrial heat for 50,000 house holds(2006) -> 500,000 (2015)

Using Residual Industrial HeatUsing Residual Industrial Heat

Creating: 1000 ha New Harbor AreaCo-creating: 750 ha Nature + RecreationCompensating: 20,000 ha Marine Reserve

ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010

Some Results:

Strong decrease of:

1.Air pollution reaching EU standards for S and fine dust,

and2.Micro-contamimants in river and coastal waters,

sediments and organisms: through institutionalised, coordinated, consistent, long term purification actions at local, national and at international level with input of NGO’s.

ROM-Rijnmond Program 1993 - 2010

Some Economic results: • Increasing Added Value• Contribution to GNI: 6.5 %• Harbor related Employment : 90,000

through coordination, innovation and creating win-win situations : more efficient use of raw material/resources,less waste, less pollution.

Rotterdam: Trans shipment Goods 1975 - 2005

200

250

300

350

400

Years

Go

od

s in

mil

lio

n

met

ric

ton

s

Goods

y=1.3x+258

y=6.8x+286

The EXTRA accumulative Transshipment Loads during 1996-2005 = 250 million tons goods representing

6.5 Billion Euro in 10 years = good return of the investment of 7 billion Euro!

Start of Integrated Program 1993- 2010

250

Economic results:

1. Initial National Leader: Ministry of Env.&Spatial Planning2. Clear goal: Sustainable Development of the resources,3. Long term coordination; follow-up program: 2010 - 2020,4. Creating innovative win-win solutions and more space,5. Cooperation between stakeholders & NGO’s is profitable,6. EU acknowledgement: Rotterdam leader of the EU - PEGASUS

(Planning, Environment, Governance & Sustainability) project for sustainable EU Harbours.

Conclusions Rotterdam Harbor - Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation:

Overall conclusion:on the performance of

the Greater Rotterdam Harbor, ROM-Rijnmond program 1993-

2010:

Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation is

Economical and Ecological very much rewarded !

4. The Integrated Management Plan for the Neth. North Sea 2015

Status:

• Governmental Document 2005,

• Adopted by entire Cabinet in 2006,

• Approved by Parliament in 2006,

• Being implemented & enforced.

Integrated Management Plan – Neth. North Sea – (IMPN) - 2015:Main Objective:To enhance econ. importance of the North Sea, maintain & develop internat. ecological features by harmonising sustainable economic activities…

Implementation: some examples•‘Opportunity maps’ for eg wind farms, mineral extraction, military restrictions, conservation, navigation, identifies future areas of conflict;

• Pilot Wind farm in operation 2007: 120 MW, next phase: 360 MW, desired output of wind-energy 2020: 6000 MW;

• Creating win-win opportunities: aquaculture/artificial reefs near wind farms;

• Enforcement in action: the sea-going inspection fleets and aerial survey of the different Ministries under one single command: CoastGuard.

Creating Opportunity maps: Windfarm parks & Shippingfollowed by implementation: Creating windfarms

• 30 Wind mills, 120 MW installed in 2006;

• 60 Wind mills, 240 MW being installed ;

• 1500 MW in 2010;• 6000 MW in 2020.

More information: Website link:www.noordzeeloket.nl/overig/bibliotheek.asp – publicaties -IBN 2015 (Engels)

Contact:

Mr. Leo de Vrees,Water Manager North Sea,Ministry of Water (V&W),00-31-70-3366609/00leo.de.vrees@rws.nl

Example of land use, spatial Planning in Holland

Four spatial scenarios based on:

different outcomes of competing demands for space and resource utilisation

Holland in 2030 (Neth. Ministry of Spatial Planning)

7. General Conclusions Integrated Spatial Planning & Implementation

Some experiences in Holland:

• Integrated Spatial Planning : an Effective tool to reduce vulnerability - flooding and environment quality, to increase resilience and sust. development;

• Planning is the first step: initial leader with vision, increased cooperation is highly profitable, communication with all stakeholders + NGO’s;• Implementation is the next step:

creating win-win solutions, zoning, monitoring, legislation, enforcement, evaluation.