Timeline Special education

8/12/2019 Timeline Special education

1/112

A Historical View of Special Education

Special Education Timeline: OverviewThis special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of specialeducation. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current specialeducation condition.

Special Education Timeline: Landmark DecisionsThis special education timeline shows the landmark decisions leading up to and afterIDEA.

1 ! "arental advocacy groups are formed to push for federal help in the hopeof fair educational opportunities for their children with disa#ilities.

1 $%&ongress creates a 'ureau of Education for the (andicapped later named)ffice of *pecial Education "rograms +)*E",. -ittle change happens early#ut it indicated change was approaching.

1 /Two landmark decisions made through the *upreme &ourt decide thatchildren with disa#ilities should have an e0ual right to access education.

ills v. D.&. 'oard of Education 2 "A3& v. "ennsylvania.

1 4The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing

parents access to all personal information used by the school regardingtheir child.

1 %

An Act that allows all school districts to educate students with disa#ilities5called the Education for All (andicapped &hildren Act +EA(&A,5 is passed.It is later amended and renamed as Individuals with Disa#ilities EducationAct +IDEA, in 1 6.

1The final federal regulations are passed and re uire school districts to adhere

to a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.

1Americans with Disa#ilities Act is enacted allowing disa#led children to#ecome more common place in school districts and gives parents andchildren certain rights under IDEA.

/661 The 7o &hild -eft 'ehind law #ecomes enacted calling for A-- students to#ecome proficient in reading and math #y the year /614.

Special Education Timeline: Children Are The utureThis timeline shows us how far we8ve progressed towards a fair education foreveryone. At -earning39 we #elieve that children with disa#ilities can #e as smart +ifnot smarter, than non special students through #rain training. :e8ve proved itthousands of times. -earning39 helps struggling students with disa#ilities #ecomesmarter and overcome their difficulties. :e strengthen their cognitive skills throughone;on;one mental e9ercises. &ognitive skills have #een shown to #e the leading


2/112

ranscript of History of Special Education in the PhilippinesSpecial EducationThe History of 1902

1950 to 19751926 to 19491976 to Presentin the PhilippinesFred At!inson"eneral #uperintendent of Educationreported to the #ecretary of Public $nstruction that deaf and blind children were found ina census of school%aged children in &anila and nearby provinces

proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools li!e the other children' *+avid ,arrowswor!ed for the establishment of the $nsular #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind in &anilaAt present- the Philippine school for the +eaf is ocated on /arrison #treet- Pasay 0ity.Philippine Association for the +eaf was FoundedThe "overnment established 1elfareville 0hildren2s 3illage in &andaluyong.' 4*' 56the 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital opened the #chool for 0rippled 0hildren9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students

' 5Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the +isabled was organi:ed' 6;Elsie "aches 3illage was established to ta!e care of abandoned- orphaned and youth with

physical and mental disabilities' 65first wee! of August was declared as #ight #aving 1ee! ' 66&embers of odge 7o.*


3/112

The program include>legislationteacher trainingcensus of e?ceptional children

integration of children with disabilities in regular classesrehabilitation of residential and special schoolsmaterial production'


4/112

' *R.A. 7o. 646 > Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started atCPthe #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind was reorgani:ed into two separate residential

schools.' *;' *6C7E#08 D Philippine Association for the Retarded> First Asian 0onference on &entalRetardation was held in &anila#ilahis 0oncept of #pecial Education was implemented#pecial #ub=ects and #ervices +ivision was abolished' ** to ' *>'ecadeof the%ilipino(hild' * day camp for children with physical disabilities&olave @outh /ome for 0hildren with ,ehavioral Problem was organi:ed in 9ue:on0$ty' **&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and division

supervisors of special education programs

,acarra #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of $locos #ur),acolod #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of ,acolod)' *Presidential +ecree '6 >0reation of 7ational 0ommission 0oncerning +isabled Persons (700+P)&E0 &emorandum 7o. 4 6> directed school divisions to organi:e special classes with aset of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal training

CP opened its special education training program for undergraduate studentsPA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:edBagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity was


5/112

established' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons' ;

,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-

institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed' ; to 4 4>AsianandthePacific+ecadeof the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted in

Public #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines


6/112

&emorandum 7o.45 Fourth $nternational 7oise Awareness +ay

Every fourth wee! of 7ovember> 7ational 8bservance of the wee! of gifted and talented

intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6%PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.' 6

0reation of 7ational 0ommission 0oncerning +isabled Persons (700+P)&E0 &emorandum 7o. 4 6> directed school divisions to organi:e special classes with aset of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal trainingCP opened its special education training program for undergraduate studentsPA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:edBagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasestablished' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons' ;,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed

' ; to 4 4>AsianandthePacific+ecadeof the+isabled

Person' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. Fred

At!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%

The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6%


19/112

PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.

' 6


20/112

' 4% The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine

7ormal Cniversity' ;% +E0# issued 8rder 7o. '5 that directed regional officers to organi:e the Regional

#pecial Education 0ouncil (RE#0)' 6% The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine 7ormalCniversity'% +E0# order 7o. 6 HReclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to #PE+teacher and special schools principal item'% +E0# order no. ;; H$mplementation of administrative order no. ' ' directing the+epartment of Public 1or!s and highways- the +E0# and the 0/E+ to providearchitectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college-

universities and other buildings4E+PRE,aloran-Ra=inRivera-0hrisallie3anguardia-Anne "ermain4%+E0# 8rder 7o. ''- s. 4 % Recogni:ed #pecial Education (#PE+) 0enters in thePhilippines4 4%An ongoing mobile teacherItraining program by the +epartment of Education and theCniversity of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how toeducate children with special needs.4 *%

#pecial Education Act of 4 * identifies ten groups of 0hildren with #pecial 7eeds4%+epEd under its wing had 4'* #PE+ 0enters that cater to the needs of children withspecial abilities. The department issued ,raille te?tboo!s to help especially visuallyimpaired children.4 '%#pecial Education Act of 4 ' - An act establishing at least one #pecial Education centerfor each school division and at least three #pecial Education centers in big schooldivisions for children with special needs- guidelines for government financial assistance


21/112

and other incentives and support4 '4%+epEd has increased the funding for its #pecial Education program and is set to opennew centers

4 ';%+epEd organi:ed a 7ational 0onference for #PE+ Teachers to sharpen their s!ills.

29. Timeline of Relevant Events in Special Education Dra. Myrna Ayala

30.1. 1817

2. The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut

3. First school for disabled children anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.

31.1. 1848

2. The Perkins Institution, founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston,Massachusetts, was the first residential institution for people with mental retardation .

3. Over the next century, hundreds of thousands of developmentally disabledchildren and adults were institutionalized , many for the rest of their lives.

32.1. 1864

2. Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind was authorized by theU.S. Congress to grant college degrees.

3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

33.1. 1883

2. Eugenics is a term that was coined by Sir Francis Galton in his book Essaysin Eugenics . Americans embraced the eugenics movement by passing laws to preventpeople with disabilities from moving to the U.S., marrying or having children.

3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization of

disabled adults and children.34.1. 1912

2. The Threat of the Feeble Minded (pamphlet) created a climate of hysteriaallowing for massive human rights abuses of people with disabilities, includinginstitutionalization and forced sterilization.

35.


22/112

1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to informparents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It isdedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,educating the public, and setting professional standards.

36.1. 1954

2. The U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled thatseparate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional.

3. This pivotal decision became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

37. 60s and 70s - Inclusion

1. In the sixties and seventies , initial provision consisted of special educationwithin segregated education provisions .

2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as in-valid or inferiorand in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.


1. This conceptualization led to exclusion and the construction of institutions toaccommodate these children. In this view, the child was to blame for not being able tobenefit from education.

2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eightieswas spurred by a progressive educational ideology.


1. The parallel system to traditional schooling that developed, came to beknown as Special Education.

2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special NeedsEducation. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilitieswithin ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education inmore normal settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education isthat it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other mainstreamchildren.


1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners whowere being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within theclassroom.

2. A series of shifts from focusing on the disabled child as a problem to focusingon changes in the management of the classroom, revealed surprising changes in learning.


23/112

3. The results demonstrated benefits to those who were traditionally excludedfrom learning as well as all the others in the classroom.

4. Today inclusive education or inclusion in education is a conceptualapproach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate alllearners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.


1. Inclusive education differs from previously held notion of integration andmainstreaming, which tended to be concerned principally with special educational needsand implied learners changing or becoming ready for accommodation by the mainstream.

2. By contrast, inclusion is about the childs right to participate and the schoolsduty to accept and ensure this right.


1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversity

of needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures andcommunities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .


1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in theconceptualisation of inclusion

1. Is a process : has to be seen as a never-ending search to find betterways of responding to diversity

2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources in

order to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of variouskinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.


1. Four (4) key elements ...

1. 3. Is about the presence, participation and achievement of allstudents : presence is concerned with where children are educated, and how reliably andpunctually they attend; participation relates to the quality of their experiences and,therefore, must incorporate the views of the learners themselves; and achievement is aboutthe outcomes of learning across the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.

2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners whomay be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moralresponsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most at risk are carefullymonitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,participation and achievement in the education system.

45.1. 1972


24/112

2. The U.S. District Court, District of Columbia ruled in Mills v. Board ofEducation that the District of Columbia could not exclude disabled children from the publicschools.

3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from the

public schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to thepassage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

46.1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act was passed.

3. Sections 501, 503 and 504 prohibited discrimination in federal programs andservices and all other programs or services receiving federal funds.

47.1. 1973

2. The Rehabilitation Act

3. Key language: No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the UnitedStates, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, bedenied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activityreceiving federal financial assistance.

48.1. 1975

2. The Education of All Handicapped Children Act ( PL 94-142 ) required free,appropriate public Education ( FAPE ) in the least restrictive ( LRE ) setting.

3. This Act was later renamed The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act( IDEA ).

49.1. 1975

2. The Association of Persons with Severe Handicaps ( TASH ) was founded byspecial education professionals in response to PARC v. Pennsylvania (1972) and other right-to-education cases.

3. This organization called for the end of aversive behavior modification and theclosing of all residential institutions for people with disabilities.

50. 1988 The "Deaf President Now" protest was held at Gallaudet University.I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet University .

51.1. 1990

2. The Americans with Disabilities Act


25/112

3. (signed by George W. Bush)

4. Provided comprehensive civil rights protection for people with disabilities.

5. Mandated access in public transportation, communication, and in other areasof public life.

52.1. 1990

2. ADA law was the most sweeping disability rights legislation in history.

3. It mandated that local, state and federal governments and programs beaccessible ,

4. that businesses with more than 15 employees make reasonableaccommodations for disabled workers and

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores make

reasonable modifications to ensure access for disabled members of the public.53.1. 1990

2. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was amended and renamedthe Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

54.1. 2001

2. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law becomes enacted calling for ALLstudents to become proficient in reading and math by the year 2014.

55.1. 2004

2. Re authorization of IDEA







26/112






1 %


1 The final federal regulations are passed and re uire school districts to adhereto a set of rules when providing education to children with disabilities.



Special Education Timeline: Children Are The utureThis timeline shows us how far we8ve progressed towards a fair education foreveryone. At -earning39 we #elieve that children with disa#ilities can #e as smart +ifnot smarter, than non special students through #rain training. :e8ve proved itthousands of times. -earning39 helps struggling students with disa#ilities #ecome

smarter and overcome their difficulties. :e strengthen their cognitive skills throughone;on;one mental e9ercises. &ognitive skills have #een shown to #e the leading


27/112

reported to the #ecretary of Public $nstruction that deaf and blind children were found ina census of school%aged children in &anila and nearby provinces

proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools li!e the other children' *

+avid ,arrowswor!ed for the establishment of the $nsular #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind in &anilaAt present- the Philippine school for the +eaf is ocated on /arrison #treet- Pasay 0ity.Philippine Association for the +eaf was FoundedThe "overnment established 1elfareville 0hildren2s 3illage in &andaluyong.' 4*' 56the 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital opened the #chool for 0rippled 0hildren9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students' 5Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the +isabled was organi:ed' 6;Elsie "aches 3illage was established to ta!e care of abandoned- orphaned and youth with

physical and mental disabilities' 65first wee! of August was declared as #ight #aving 1ee! ' 66&embers of odge 7o.*legislationteacher training

census of e?ceptional childrenintegration of children with disabilities in regular classesrehabilitation of residential and special schoolsmaterial production'


28/112

+E0 issued 0ircular 7o.'' s. ' An act establishing a ten%year training program for teachers of special and

e?ceptional children in the Philippines.teacher scholar at CP commenced in the areas of hearing impairment- mental retardationand giftedness'


29/112

#pecial #ub=ects and #ervices +ivision was abolished' ** to ' *>'ecadeof

the%ilipino(hild' * day camp for children with physical disabilities&olave @outh /ome for 0hildren with ,ehavioral Problem was organi:ed in 9ue:on0$ty' **&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and divisionsupervisors of special education programs

,acarra #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of $locos #ur),acolod #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of ,acolod)' *Presidential +ecree '6 >0reation of 7ational 0ommission 0oncerning +isabled Persons (700+P)&E0 &emorandum 7o. 4 6> directed school divisions to organi:e special classes with aset of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal trainingCP opened its special education training program for undergraduate students

PA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:edBagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasestablished' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons

' ;,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed' ; to 4 4>


30/112

AsianandthePacific

+ecadeof the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem

+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.


31/112

' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*

%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.


legislationteacher trainingcensus of e?ceptional childrenintegration of children with disabilities in regular classesrehabilitation of residential and special schoolsmaterial production'


41/112

Reception and 0hild #tudy 0enter (&anila)Elsie "aches 3illage (Alabang)

7ayon ng abataan (Pasay)' *

R.A. 7o. 646 > Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started atCPthe #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind was reorgani:ed into two separate residentialschools.' *;' *6C7E#08 D Philippine Association for the Retarded> First Asian 0onference on &entalRetardation was held in &anila#ilahis 0oncept of #pecial Education was implemented#pecial #ub=ects and #ervices +ivision was abolished' ** to ' *>'ecadeof the%ilipino(hild' * day camp for children with physical disabilities&olave @outh /ome for 0hildren with ,ehavioral Problem was organi:ed in 9ue:on

0$ty' **&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and divisionsupervisors of special education programs

,acarra #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of $locos #ur),acolod #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of ,acolod)' *Presidential +ecree '6 >

0reation of 7ational 0ommission 0oncerning +isabled Persons (700+P)&E0 &emorandum 7o. 4 6> directed school divisions to organi:e special classes with aset of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal trainingCP opened its special education training program for undergraduate studentsPA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:ed


42/112

Bagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasestablished

' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons' ;,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed' ; to 4 4>AsianandthePacific+ecadeof the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability


43/112

4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *

%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.

' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6%PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.

' 6


44/112

%#ome private college and universities started to offer special education courses ongraduate school curriculum'


45/112

% +E0# order no. ;; H$mplementation of administrative order no. ' ' directing the+epartment of Public 1or!s and highways- the +E0# and the 0/E+ to providearchitectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college-universities and other buildings4E+PRE

,aloran-Ra=inRivera-0hrisallie3anguardia-Anne "ermain4%+E0# 8rder 7o. ''- s. 4 % Recogni:ed #pecial Education (#PE+) 0enters in thePhilippines4 4

%An ongoing mobile teacherItraining program by the +epartment of Education and theCniversity of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how toeducate children with special needs.4 *%

#pecial Education Act of 4 * identifies ten groups of 0hildren with #pecial 7eeds4%+epEd under its wing had 4'* #PE+ 0enters that cater to the needs of children withspecial abilities. The department issued ,raille te?tboo!s to help especially visuallyimpaired children.4 '%#pecial Education Act of 4 ' - An act establishing at least one #pecial Education centerfor each school division and at least three #pecial Education centers in big schooldivisions for children with special needs- guidelines for government financial assistanceand other incentives and support4 '4%+epEd has increased the funding for its #pecial Education program and is set to opennew centers4 ';%+epEd organi:ed a 7ational 0onference for #PE+ Teachers to sharpen their s!ills.


86.1. 1817


46/112



87.1. 1848



88.1. 1864


3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.89.1. 1883


3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization ofdisabled adults and children.

90.

1. 1912


91.1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to informparents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It isdedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,educating the public, and setting professional standards.

92.1. 1954




47/112



2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as in-valid or inferior

and in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.94. 60s and 70s - Inclusion


2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eightieswas spurred by a progressive educational ideology.



2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special NeedsEducation. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilitieswithin ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education inmore normal settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education isthat it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other mainstreamchildren.


1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners who

were being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within theclassroom.



4. Today inclusive education or inclusion in education is a conceptualapproach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate alllearners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.





48/112


1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversityof needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures andcommunities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .

99. 60s and 70s - Inclusion1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in the

conceptualisation of inclusion


2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources inorder to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of variouskinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.




2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners whomay be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moralresponsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most at risk are carefully

monitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,participation and achievement in the education system.

101.1. 1972


3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from thepublic schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to thepassage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

102.1. 1973




49/112

103.1. 1973


3. Key language: No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United

States, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, bedenied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activityreceiving federal financial assistance.

104.1. 1975



105.1. 1975




107.1. 1990





108.

1. 1990





50/112

5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores makereasonable modifications to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

109.1. 1990


110.1. 2001


111.1. 2004










1 4

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is passed allowing


1 %




51/112






52/112

9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students' 5Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the +isabled was organi:ed' 6;

Elsie "aches 3illage was established to ta!e care of abandoned- orphaned and youth with physical and mental disabilities' 65first wee! of August was declared as #ight #aving 1ee! ' 66&embers of odge 7o.*legislationteacher trainingcensus of e?ceptional childrenintegration of children with disabilities in regular classesrehabilitation of residential and special schools

material production'


53/112

Training program for school administrators on the organi:ation- administration andsupervision of special education classes.First $nstitute on the Education and Training of the &entally Retarded (#pecial 0hild#tudy 0enter DA+&C)

'


54/112

&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and divisionsupervisors of special education programs

,acarra #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of $locos #ur)

,acolod #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of ,acolod)' *Presidential +ecree '6 >0reation of 7ational 0ommission 0oncerning +isabled Persons (700+P)&E0 &emorandum 7o. 4 6> directed school divisions to organi:e special classes with aset of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal trainingCP opened its special education training program for undergraduate studentsPA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:edBagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasestablished' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons' ;,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-

institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed' ; to 4 4>AsianandthePacific+ecade

of the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones of

Special Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%

The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5%


56/112

9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6%PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment

' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.' 6

'ecadeof the%ilipino(hild' * day camp for children with physical disabilities&olave @outh /ome for 0hildren with ,ehavioral Problem was organi:ed in 9ue:on0$ty' **&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and divisionsupervisors of special education programs

,acarra #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of $locos #ur),acolod #pecial Education 0enter (+ivision of ,acolod)' *Presidential +ecree '6 >0reation of 7ational 0ommission 0oncerning +isabled Persons (700+P)&E0 &emorandum 7o. 4 6> directed school divisions to organi:e special classes with a

set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal trainingCP opened its special education training program for undergraduate studentsPA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:edBagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasestablished

' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons' ;,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *


67/112

Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed' ; to 4 4>Asianand

thePacific+ecadeof the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4


68/112

%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%

#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5

%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6%PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.' 6 Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started atCPthe #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind was reorgani:ed into two separate residentialschools.' *;' *6C7E#08 D Philippine Association for the Retarded> First Asian 0onference on &entalRetardation was held in &anila#ilahis 0oncept of #pecial Education was implemented#pecial #ub=ects and #ervices +ivision was abolished' ** to ' *>'ecadeof the

%ilipino(hild' * day camp for children with physical disabilities&olave @outh /ome for 0hildren with ,ehavioral Problem was organi:ed in 9ue:on0$ty' **&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and divisionsupervisors of special education programs



79/112


80/112

+E0# 8rder 7o.' > #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted

&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones of

Special Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%

The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6

%PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.' 6

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed

' ; to 4 4>AsianandthePacific+ecadeof


92/112

the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. Fred

At!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #choolfor the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people with


93/112

mental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.

' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.

' 6%PA+ opened a school for the children with hearing impairment' 6;%The Elsie "aches 3illage was established in Alabang to ta!e care of the abandoned andorphaned children and youth with physical and mental handicaps.

' 6


94/112

% The +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools implemented the #ilahis 0oncept of #pecialEducation in public elementary schools.' *% The ,ureau of Elementary Education #pecial Education unit conducted a two%yearnationwide survey if unidentified e?ceptional children who were in school.

'% The #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasorgani:ed.'% The Philippine institute for the +eaf- an oral school for children with hearingimpairment was established.' 4% The summer training for teacher of the visually impaired started at the Philippine

7ormal Cniversity' ;% +E0# issued 8rder 7o. '5 that directed regional officers to organi:e the Regional

#pecial Education 0ouncil (RE#0)' 6% The summer training for teachers of the hearing impaired was held at Philippine 7ormalCniversity'% +E0# order 7o. 6 HReclassification of Regular teacher and principal items to #PE+teacher and special schools principal item'% +E0# order no. ;; H$mplementation of administrative order no. ' ' directing the+epartment of Public 1or!s and highways- the +E0# and the 0/E+ to providearchitectural facilities or structural feature for disabled persons in all state college-universities and other buildings4E+PRE,aloran-Ra=inRivera-0hrisallie3anguardia-Anne "ermain4%+E0# 8rder 7o. ''- s. 4 % Recogni:ed #pecial Education (#PE+) 0enters in thePhilippines4 4%An ongoing mobile teacherItraining program by the +epartment of Education and theCniversity of the Philippines trains regular and special education teachers on how toeducate children with special needs.4 *%


95/112

#pecial Education Act of 4 * identifies ten groups of 0hildren with #pecial 7eeds4%+epEd under its wing had 4'* #PE+ 0enters that cater to the needs of children withspecial abilities. The department issued ,raille te?tboo!s to help especially visually

impaired children.4 '%#pecial Education Act of 4 ' - An act establishing at least one #pecial Education centerfor each school division and at least three #pecial Education centers in big schooldivisions for children with special needs- guidelines for government financial assistanceand other incentives and support4 '4%+epEd has increased the funding for its #pecial Education program and is set to opennew centers

4 ';%+epEd organi:ed a 7ational 0onference for #PE+ Teachers to sharpen their s!ills.


198.1. 1817



199.1. 1848



200.1. 1864


3. It was the first college in the world established for people with disabilities.

201.1. 1883


96/112


3. Eugenics laws led to the institutionalization and forced sterilization ofdisabled adults and children.

202.1. 1912


203.1. 1922

2. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) (founded) Council works to informparents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is

dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled peoples by advocating policies,educating the public, and setting professional standards.

204.1. 1954





2. Historically, children with disabilities have been treated as in-valid or inferiorand in need of very special protection and thus as not being able to benefit from education.



2. Integration , which began in the West, in the late seventies and early eighties

was spurred by a progressive educational ideology.



2. The second stage in this development has taken the form of Special NeedsEducation. Special Needs Education, is a system of education for children with disabilities


97/112

within ordinary schools . This form of education represents an effort to provide education inmore normal settings. However, a common characteristic of this provision of education isthat it has been offered in special classes and not in cooperation with other mainstreamchildren.


1. Inclusive education was originally set out to meet the needs of learners whowere being traditionally excluded from the school or were otherwise marginalized within theclassroom.



4. Today inclusive education or inclusion in education is a conceptualapproach aimed at achieving quality education by making changes to accommodate all

learners regardless of their physical, social or psychological differences.





1. Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding to the diversityof needs of all learners through increasing participation in learning, cultures andcommunities, and reducing exclusion within and from education .


1. Four (4) key elements have tended to feature strongly in theconceptualisation of inclusion


2. 2. Is concerned with the identification and removal of barriers :

involves collecting, collating and evaluating information from a wide variety of sources inorder to plan for improvements in policy and practice. It is about using evidence of variouskinds to stimulate creativity and problem-solving.




98/112


2. 4. Involves a particular emphasis on those groups of learners whomay be at risk of marginalisation, exclusion or underachievement . This indicates the moralresponsibility to ensure that those groups that are statistically most at risk are carefullymonitored, and that, where necessary, steps are taken to ensure their presence,participation and achievement in the education system.

213.1. 1972


3. The U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Pennsylvania, in PARC v.Pennsylvania struck down various state laws used to exclude disabled children from thepublic schools. Advocates cited these decisions during public hearings that led to thepassage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975.

214.1. 1973



215.1. 1973


3. Key language: No otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the UnitedStates, shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, bedenied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activityreceiving federal financial assistance.

216.1. 1975



217.1. 1975


99/112




219.1. 1990





220.1. 1990




5. that public accommodations such as restaurants and stores makereasonable modifications to ensure access for disabled members of the public.

221.1. 1990


222.1. 2001


223.1. 2004




100/112


Special Education Timeline: OverviewThis special education timeline emphasizes the major events in the history of specialeducation. It gives a good overview of the progression towards our current special

education condition.




1 /

Two landmark decisions made through the *upreme &ourt decide that

children with disa#ilities should have an e0ual right to access education.ills v. D.&. 'oard of Education 2 "A3& v. "ennsylvania.



1 %








101/112

ranscript of History of Special Education in the PhilippinesSpecial EducationThe History of 19021950 to 19751926 to 19491976 to Presentin the PhilippinesFred At!inson"eneral #uperintendent of Educationreported to the #ecretary of Public $nstruction that deaf and blind children were found ina census of school%aged children in &anila and nearby provinces

proposed that deaf and blind children be enrolled in schools li!e the other children

' *+avid ,arrowswor!ed for the establishment of the $nsular #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind in &anilaAt present- the Philippine school for the +eaf is ocated on /arrison #treet- Pasay 0ity.Philippine Association for the +eaf was FoundedThe "overnment established 1elfareville 0hildren2s 3illage in &andaluyong.' 4*' 56the 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital opened the #chool for 0rippled 0hildren

9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students' 5Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the +isabled was organi:ed' 6;Elsie "aches 3illage was established to ta!e care of abandoned- orphaned and youth with

physical and mental disabilities' 65first wee! of August was declared as #ight #aving 1ee! ' 66

&embers of odge 7o.*


102/112

created the #pecial Education #ection of the #pecial #ub=ects and #ervices +ivision.The program include>legislationteacher training

census of e?ceptional childrenintegration of children with disabilities in regular classesrehabilitation of residential and special schoolsmaterial production'


103/112

7ayon ng abataan (Pasay)' *R.A. 7o. 646 > Teacher training program for children with behavioral problem started atCP

the #chool for the +eaf and the ,lind was reorgani:ed into two separate residentialschools.' *;' *6C7E#08 D Philippine Association for the Retarded> First Asian 0onference on &entalRetardation was held in &anila#ilahis 0oncept of #pecial Education was implemented#pecial #ub=ects and #ervices +ivision was abolished' ** to ' *>'ecadeof the%ilipino(hild' * day camp for children with physical disabilities&olave @outh /ome for 0hildren with ,ehavioral Problem was organi:ed in 9ue:on0$ty' **

&inistry of Education issued +epartment 8rder 7o. ' > designating regional and divisionsupervisors of special education programs


set of guidelines on the designation of teachers who have no formal trainingCP opened its special education training program for undergraduate studentsPA+ started mainstreaming program in the +ivision of &anila 0ity #chools' *0aritas &edico%Pedagogical $nstitution for the &entally Retarded was organi:edBagna #pecial Education 0enter in the +ivision of ,ohol was organi:ed'


104/112

#chool for 0rippled 0hildren at the #outhern $sland /ospital in 0ebu 0ity wasestablished' 'C7> $nternational @ear of +isabled Persons

' ;,atas Pambansa ,ilang ;55% Accessibility aw>

An act to enhance the mobility of disabled persons by re uiring cars- buildings-institutions- establishments and public utilities to install facilities and other devices.' *Autism #ociety of the Philippines was organi:ed' ; to 4 4>AsianandthePacific+ecadeof the+isabledPerson' #trengthening of #pecial Education Program for the "ifted inPublic #chool #ystem+E0# 8rder 7o.55 > #earch for the ' &ost 8utstanding #pecial Education Teacherfor the "ifted&emorandum 7o.56*> 7ational Photo 0ontest on +isability4 s+E0# 8rder 7o.''> Recogni:ed #pecial Education 0enters in the Philippines


105/112



intro to #PE+Historical )ilestones ofSpecial Education in the Philippines' 4%The interest to educate Filipino children with disabilities was e?pressed through &r. FredAt!inson- the "eneral #uperintendent of Education.' *%#pecial Education was formally started in the country by establishing the $nsular #chool

for the +eaf and ,lind in &anila.' 4*%The government established the 1elfareville 0hildrenGs 3illage- a school for people withmental retardation in &andaluyong.' 56%The 7ational 8rthopedic /ospital #chool for the 0rippled 0hildren and @outh isestablished.' 5%9ue:on 0ity #cience /igh #chool was inaugurated for gifted students.


Documents

Timeline Special education