Dr. Bambang Gunadi(bbgunadi@gmail.com)

Occupation : ResearcherProgram and Budgetting Division

Office : Research Institute for Fish Breeding

2012 : Doctor (Dr.), Aquaculture.Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.

1999 : Master of Science (M.Sc.), Aquaculture.Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources ManagementProgram (AARMP),Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani,Thailand.

2012 : Doctor (Dr.), Aquaculture.Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.

1999 : Master of Science (M.Sc.), Aquaculture.Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources ManagementProgram (AARMP),Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Pathumthani,Thailand.

Interests : Aquaculture Systems Engineering, Recirculation Systems,Aquaculture Waste Management, Fish Breeding

International Freshwater Aquaculture Training CourseSukamandi, Subang (INDONESIA), September 30 – October 13, 2013

Bambang Gunadi, Priadi Setyawan, Adam Robisalmi

Research Institute for Fish Breeding

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Rohana Subasinghe : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Fatima Ferdouse (INFOFISH) : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Fatima Ferdouse (INFOFISH) : Tilapia Expo 2010 Kuala Lumpur

Year 2009* 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Average

increment(%)

Increment2009 to

2014 (%)2009-2014Production(Ton) 378,300 491,800 639,300 850,000 1,105,000 1,242,900 27 329

PROJECTION OF INDONESIAN TILAPIA PRODUCTION2009 - 2014

464,191 481,440500,000

600,000

Tila

pia

Prod

ucti

on (t

on)

Production Performance

10

206,904

291,037323,389

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011*

Tila

pia

Prod

ucti

on (t

on)

Source : Marine and fisheries in figures 2011

TILAPIA PRODUCTION STAGES

BroodstockManagement

Spawning,larvaerearing

Nursery I Nursery II(Fingerling) GROW-OUT

FineHapa,tanks1 month

Fry,1-2 cm,0.15 g

Hapa1-1.5 month

Fry,3-5 cm,2-2.5 g

Net, Pond,Tanks2-3 weeks

Fingerling,5-8 cm,5-6 g

Net Cages, Ponds2.5 months 150-200 g7-8 months >700 g

Basic Consideration for Tilapia Farming

• How many types of Tilapia species are there?Which ones should we raise?

• How much does it cost to get started?

• What type of food do Tilapia eat?

• How do you feed growing Tilapia?

• What enemies or predators do Tilapia have?

• How much space do we need for raisingTilapia?

• How many types of Tilapia species are there?Which ones should we raise?

• How much does it cost to get started?

• What type of food do Tilapia eat?

• How do you feed growing Tilapia?

• What enemies or predators do Tilapia have?

• How much space do we need for raisingTilapia?

Water/Environment

*Diseases

Geneticssuperiority

FishFarming

Key Factors for Fish Farming Succesfullness

Feed/Nutrition

FishFarming

TARGET SIZE

150-200 g Localmarket

> 700 g Exportmarket (fillet)

251,87

296,65

200,00

250,00

300,00

350,00

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TILAPIA “SRIKANDI”at 25-30 ppt

2,35

55,05

151,51

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

0 1 2 3 4

Sukamandi Nila MerahSrikandi

Month

Red Tilapia

RIFBSukamandi

Pekalongan2011

GROW-OUT TRIAL OF “SRIKANDI “ TILAPIA

Tidal Flooded Area in Pekalongan

2010 19,5 Ha2011 327 Ha

2012 ±700 Ha

Digital Elevation Model, DEKINSubandono, 2010

GROW-OUT TRIAL OF TILAPIA“SRIKANDI”

(Pekalongan, Central Java)

SalinityLocation

(Village)

Area

(m2)

Density

(fish/m2)

Period

(months)

Yield

(Kg)

Yield/Ha

(Kg)

Location

(Village)

Area

(m2)

Density

(fish/m2)

Period

(months)

Yield

(Kg)

Yield/Ha

(Kg)

10-15 ppt

Degayu 2,000 3 4 1,300 6,500

Pabeyan 2,500 2 3 1,100 4,400

Pabeyan 3,500 2 3 1,500 4,285

20-25 ppt

Degayu 5,000 2 4 1,600 3,200

Bandengan 3,000 2 3 1,100 3,666

Bandengan 2,000 5 3 1,400 7,000

SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE (SGR)(%BW/DAY)

0,056 0,055

0,040

0,050

0,060

0,070

Spec

ific

Gro

wth

Rat

e(%

Body

wie

ght/

day)

Initial size : 5-8 cm

Density : 2-5 fish/m2

Growing period : 3-4 months

Harvest size : 200-300 g

0,000

0,010

0,020

0,030

0,040

10-15 ppt 20-25 ppt

Spec

ific

Gro

wth

Rat

e(%

Body

wie

ght/

day)

Water Salinity (ppt)

Initial size : 5-8 cm

Density : 2-5 fish/m2

Growing period : 3-4 months

Harvest size : 200-300 g

GROW-OUT SYSTEMS

•One species fish•Intensive culture high capital•High yield

•Advantages:•Fish grow faster and uniform•High carrying capacity high density

continous water supply, aeration, feed supply•Easy to manage

•Disadvantages:•Only 1 species•High Risk

MONOCULTURE

•Advantages:•Fish grow faster and uniform•High carrying capacity high density

continous water supply, aeration, feed supply•Easy to manage

•Disadvantages:•Only 1 species•High Risk

GROW-OUT SYSTEMS• More than one species fish•Secondary species shrimp,

milkfish, carp, etc•Common for semi-intensive

culture•Advantages:

• More species product•More efficient resource utilization•Lower risk

•Disadvantages:•Lower yield of primary fish•Difficult in management

POLYCULTURE

• More than one species fish•Secondary species shrimp,

milkfish, carp, etc•Common for semi-intensive

culture•Advantages:

• More species product•More efficient resource utilization•Lower risk

•Disadvantages:•Lower yield of primary fish•Difficult in management

GROW-OUT SYSTEMS

• Integration > one farming systems•Agriculture (rice-fish)•Livestock (chicken/pig/duck-fish)

•Common for semi-intensive culture

•Advantages:• Minimizing of waste products• Increased productivity and efficiency on the farm• Increase household comsumption or income•Lower risk sharing risk“Don’t put all eggs into one basket”

•Disadvantages:• (Uncommonly) Suffering disease (s) inter-systems

MIXED-CULTURE(Integrated Farming)

•Advantages:• Minimizing of waste products• Increased productivity and efficiency on the farm• Increase household comsumption or income•Lower risk sharing risk“Don’t put all eggs into one basket”

•Disadvantages:• (Uncommonly) Suffering disease (s) inter-systems

TILAPIA GROW-OUTOPERATION

TILAPIA GROW-OUTOPERATION

POND BOTTOM CONDITION /DRYING

• Improve soil texture• Mineralization• removal of organic detritus or toxic

gasses• Eradicate pest and disease• destruction of predators and aquatic

weeds

cracked soil

restoration of pond bottom improve the physical,

chemical and biologicalcondition of the soil.

Maintaining dikes, inlet, outlet.

Dike reconditionRepairing water inlet

Screen installment

LIMING Naturalize the acidity of soil and water. Increase carbonate and bicarbonate content in water. Counteract the poisonous effects of excess Mg, K and Na ions. Kills the bacteria, fish parasites and their developmental stages. Build up alkaline reserve and effectively stops fluctuations of pH by its

buffering action. Neutralises Fe compounds, which are undesirable to pond biota. Improve pond soil quality by promoting mineralisation. Precipitates excess of dissolved organic matter and this reduces chances

of oxygen depletion.

Naturalize the acidity of soil and water. Increase carbonate and bicarbonate content in water. Counteract the poisonous effects of excess Mg, K and Na ions. Kills the bacteria, fish parasites and their developmental stages. Build up alkaline reserve and effectively stops fluctuations of pH by its

buffering action. Neutralises Fe compounds, which are undesirable to pond biota. Improve pond soil quality by promoting mineralisation. Precipitates excess of dissolved organic matter and this reduces chances

of oxygen depletion.

Acts as a general pond disinfectant formaintenance of pond hygiene.

Presence of Ca in lime speeds upcomposition of organic matter andreleases CO2 from bottom sediment.

LIMING RATE

No Soil Types pH Lime Dosage(kg/Ha)

1 Acidic soil 4-4.5 1000

2 Slighty acidic soil 5.5-6.5 500

3 Neutral soil 6.5-7.5 200-2503 Neutral soil 6.5-7.5 200-250

WATERING

1-2 weeks after liming flow in slowly, not too fast stirr pond bottom

fall from water inlet screening in inlet allow few days after filling

1-2 weeks after liming flow in slowly, not too fast stirr pond bottom

fall from water inlet screening in inlet allow few days after filling

MANURING/FERTILIZATIONProviding elements required by fish to growMacro elements : C, H2, O2, N2, K, P, S, Ca and Mg Trace elements : Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, B, etc

Most missing elements: N2, K, P

Soil and Fertilizer types:

Soil type Fertilizer type

Loamy sandy soil Organic fertilizer

Sandy soil Organic + inorganic fertilizer

Highly clay soil Inorganic fertilizer

Composisition of Organic Manures(mg/Kg)

Manure N P2O2 K2O

Cow dung 0.6 0.16 0.45

Pig dung 0.6 0.45 0.50Pig dung 0.6 0.45 0.50

Sheep dung 0.95 0.34 1.0

Poultry dung 1.6 1.5-2.0 0.8-0.9

Fish Stocking• Stocking

- Use a suprior strain- Size > 3-5 cm

- Stocking Densityextensive 2-5 fish/m2

intensive 5-15 fish/m2

Fry Acclimatization

Salinity acclimatizationTemperature acclimatization

Feeding Management

• Feeding• Intensive• supplement feed

- Protein > 28 %- Rate 3-5 % biomass- Frequency >2 times/day

• Feeding• Intensive• supplement feed

- Protein > 28 %- Rate 3-5 % biomass- Frequency >2 times/day

Poor water quality affect fish growth and live

Cause :- Climate and weather- Excessive feeding- Excessive N : planktonblooming- Excessive organic matter

Preventive :• Probiotic application• Optimum feeding• Optimum fertilization• Water exchange 30%

Water Quality Management

Cause :- Climate and weather- Excessive feeding- Excessive N : planktonblooming- Excessive organic matter

Preventive :• Probiotic application• Optimum feeding• Optimum fertilization• Water exchange 30%

MASS MORTALITY OR GRADUAL MORTALITY

CAUSE :- Inferior strain- Worst water quality- Predation- Disease- Toxic substances

Preventive :• Superior strain• Good water quality• Pond sanitation & hygiene• Probiotic and vitamin C

Fish Mortality

CAUSE :- Inferior strain- Worst water quality- Predation- Disease- Toxic substances

Preventive :• Superior strain• Good water quality• Pond sanitation & hygiene• Probiotic and vitamin C

Harvesting

• Alive or death?

• Partial or total?

Tilapia and shrimp culturein Malaysia (Lince, 2010)

Traditional fish culture :Integrated fish/duck culture in China (Biao, 2010)

Thank You