. current /'krnt/ : dng in direct current [ DC ] : dng in mt chiualternative current [AC] : dng in xoay chiu

2. battery /'btri/ : bnh in , c quy

3. generator /'denreit/ : my pht in

4. intensity /in'tensiti/ : cng

5. resistance /ri'zistns/ : in tr

6. resistivity /,rizis'tiviti/ : in tr sut

7. impedance /im'pi:dns/ : tr khng

8. conductance /kn'dktns/ : dn (n)electrical conductivity : tnh dn in

9. circuit /'s:kit/ : mch inshort circuit : ngn mch

10. phase /feiz/ : pha 1. bus bar : thanh dn , thanh gp

2. wire /wai / : dy ( in )iron wire : dy thp

3. cable /'keibl/ : dy cp

4. strand /strnd/ : dy in nhiu si nh

5. core /k:/ : li dy n

6. sheath /i:/ : v cp in

7. live wire /liv wai / : dy nng

8. neutral wire /'nju:trl wai / : dy trung tnh , dy ngui

9. ground wire /graund wai / : dy ni t

10. lightning down conductor : dy dn st xung t2. . conduit /'kndit/ ng bc ( i dy)conduit box : hp ni bc

2. fuse /fju:z/ : cu chcartridge fuse /'k:trid fju:z/ : cu ch ng

3. disconnector : cu dao

4. isolator switch : cu dao ln

5. CB = circuit breaker : ngt in t ng

6. DB = distribution board /,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t inMDB = main distribution board /mein ,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t in chnh

7. electricity meter : ng h in

8. jack /dk/ : u cm theo t in oxford . theo t in xy dng v t in webster th ngha l cm

9.series circuit /'siri:z 's:kit/ : mch ni tipparallel circuit /'prlel 's:kit/ : mch song song

10. fault /f:lt/ : dng in ngn mch do s c [k bit dch th ny ng k ?] 3. 1. ACB = air circuit breakers : my ct khng kh

2. ACR = automatic circuit recloser : my ct t ng li

3. ACE = area control error

4. ADC = analog digital converter : b bin i tng t s

5. AFC = automatic frequency control : iu khin tn s t ng

6. ALU = arithmatic and logic unit

7. AGC = automatic generation control : diu khin phn phi cng sut t ng

8. AMR = automated meter reading : c in k t ng

9. ATS = automatic transfer switch : thit b chuyn ngun t ng

10. ARS = autoreclosing schemes : s t ng li t ng 4. 1. light /lait/ : nh sng , n

2. lamp /lmp/ : n

3. fixture /'fikst/ : b n

4. fluorescent light /fluorescent/ : n hunh quang nh sng trng

5. sodium light = sodium vapour lamp /'soudjm 'veip/ : n natri cao p , nh sng vng cam

6. recessed fixture /ri'ses/ : n m trn

7. emergency light /i'm:densi/ : n khn cp , t ng sng khi cp in

8. halogen bulb /kw:ts 'hlouden blb/ : n halogen

9. incandescent daylight lamb /incandescent/ : n c nh sng trng ( loi dy tc v ta nhit rt nng )

10 . neon light /'ni:n/ : n n ng 2. 1. AVR = automatic protection regulator : b iu chnh in p t ng [t ny vit sai]vit ng li l : AVR = automatic voltage regulator

2. admittance relays : rle tng dn

3. amplidyne : khuch i quay

4. anti pumping divice : b phn chng ng lp i lp li ca ACR

5. APGS = automatic protection group selection : la chn nhm bo v

6. apparent impedace : tng tr biu kin o c bi rle

7. AR = auto restoration : t ng ti lp li in

8. back up protection : bo v d tr

9. balance point reach = setting tripping threshold : ngng tc ng

10 . block : kha , cm

. biased differential relays : role so lch c hm

2. bushing current transformer : BI s

3. brushless exitation system : h thng kch thch khng chi than

4. by pass : ni tt

5. communication media : mi trng truyn tin

6. comparator : b so snh

7. CPS = communication port switch : kha lin kt truyn tin

8. cold load pickup : dng t khi ng

9. current transformer : my bin dng BI

10. communication processor : b x l truyn tin 3. 4. . DAS = data acquisition systems /,kwi'zin/ : h thng thu nhp d liu

2. CAPM = control and protection module : khi bo v v iu khin

3. DC components /km'pounnt/ : thnh phn 1 chiu , khng chu k

4. DAS = distribution automation system /,distri'bju:n/ : h thng t ng phn phi

5. damping winding /'dmpi 'waindi / : cun cn

6. dead line : ng dy cha mang in

7. DFR = digital fault recorder /'diditl f:lt ri'k:d/ : b ghi s c

8. definite time current caracteristic /'definit/ : c tnh dng in thi gian c lp

9. differentical protection : bo v so lch

10. directional comparison schemes : s so snh hng

1. magnet nam chmfield magnet: nam chm to t trng2. Armature: phn ng

3. Possitive :cc dng

4. Torque: mmen xon

5. Inverter: b bin tn

6. Converter: b chnh lu c iu khin

Mt s t mnh mi hc v trang b in cho cu trc cn trc:

7. trolley. C cu di chuyueenr xe con

8. Back power resistor ccuirt in tr tiu tn nng lng

9. Gantry: c cu di chuyn gin

10. hoist c cu nng h hang2. 1. AVR : automatic voltage regulator : b t ng iu chnh in p.

2. CT : current transformer : bin dng

3. Si : silicon rectifier : b chnh lu

4. AUX : auxiliary :ph, b tr

5. D-G : diesel generator : t hp diesel lai my pht.

6. SYN : synchronizing : ha ng b

7. SYL : synchronizing lamp : n ha ng b

8. ACH : automatic battery charge : b np c quy t ng

9. COS : change over switch : cng tc chuyn i

10 LS : limit switch : cng tc gii hn 3. 1. directional protection : bo v c hng

2. distance relays : bo v khong cch

3. directional comparison blocking scheme : s truyn kha so snh hng

4. underreaching transfer trip scheme : s truyn ct di tm

5. overreaching transfer trip scheme : s truyn ct qu tm

6. EHV = extra high voltage : siu cao p

7. electromechanical relays : rle in c

8. EF = earth fault : chm t

9. ELCB = earth leakage circuit breaker : my ct chng dng r

10. FCO = fulse cut out : cu ch t ri 4. 1. flood: n pha

2. space : d phng, space heater in tr sy d phng

3. voltage increase: tng gim in p

4. UV=under voltage: thp p(r le bo v thp p)

5. balaster: chn lu ca n cao p thy ngn

6. mercury vapor flood light: n pha chiu sng khi chuyn ng

7. gyrotas: cabin li

8. hoist breake: phanh hm dng chnh xc ca c cu nng h hng cho cu trc, cn trc

9. anti-sway tour motor: ng c chng lc

10. PG= pulse genenator: my pht 5. 01.Skin effects:Hiu ng b mt

02.Internal resistance:Ni tr

03.Relative permeability : t thm tng i

04.Geometric mean radius:Bn knh trung bnh hnh hc (ca 2 dy dn t song song)

05.Nonmagnetic conductor:Vt dn khng t tnh

06.Temperature coefficient:H s nhit

07.Line impedance:Tr khng ng dy

08.Line-loss :tn tht trn ng dy

09.Voltage drop:st p

10.Frequency range:Di tn s6. 1.ASD :auto synchro device : thit b ha ng b t ng.2.ATS : auto transfer switch : cng tc chuyn mch t ng.3.EXS : excitation switch/eksitein / : cng tc kch t ( mi t)4.INST : instantaneous /instn'teinjs/ : tc thi ( mt ch hot ng ca ACB )5.LTD : long time delay : tc ng c thi gian ( mt ch hot ng ca ACB)6.STD : short time delay : thi gian tc ng ngn ( mt ch hot ng ca ACB)7.OCR : over current relay : r le bo v qu ti8.OVR : over voltage relay : r le bo v qu p9.RPR : reverse power relay : r le bo v cng sut ngc.10.UVC: undervoltage trip coil : cun nh in p thp 1. field shorting circuit : mch p t trng

2. HMI = human machine interface : giao tip ngi my

3. impedance relays : r le tng tr

4. inverse time current characteristic : c tnh dng in - thi gian ph thuc

5. instantaneous over current protection : bo v qu dng ct nhanh

6. instrument transformer : b bin i o lng

7. instantaneous operation : tc ng tc thi

8. isochronous governor : b iu tc c c tnh iu chnh c lp

9. LBS : load break switch : thit b ng ct ti

10. load damping factor : h s chnh ti

1. local backup protection : bo v d tr ti ch

2. longitudinal differential protection : bo v so lch dc

3. LOP = loss of phase : mt pha

4. live line reclosing : ng li ng dy mang in

5. LTC - load tap changer : b t u nc

6. maximmum over current protection : bo v dng cc i

7. magnetising inrush current : dng in t ha nhy vt

8. mutual coupling : h cm

9. NPS = negative phase sequence : th t pha nghch

10. over excitation : qu kch thch 1. Rated Output Power: cng sut nh mc 2. Rated Voltage: in p nh mc3. Max Continuous Stall Torque: m men trc cc i4. Peak Current:dng in 5. Torque Constant: m men khng i6. Inertia at Output Shalt: s vng quay7. Mechanical Time Constant:hng s thi gian8. Torque -Speed Gradient: tc bin thin momen9. Viscuos Damping Constant: di cho php10. No load Running Current: dng khng ti . opam = operational anylifier : khuch i thut ton

2. OCB = oil circuit breaker : my ct du

3. operating thresholds : ngng tc ng

4. overvoltage relays : r le qu in p

5. overreach : qu tm

6. permissive schemes : s cho php

7. pemissive underreaching transfer trip scheme : s truyn ct di tm cho php

8. PSM = relay plug setting mutiplier : bi s nhn dng in t

9. potential transformers : my bin in p

10. power swing : dao ng cng sut 1.principle of operation : nguyn tc vn hnh2.series starter : b khi ng ni tip3.solar cell : tm pin mt tri4.stripper : km tut v dy5.breaker protection : bo v my ct6.arc arrester : b dp h quang7.asynchronous machine :my in khng ng b8.automatic circuit-breaker : my ct t ng, aptomat9.breakaway torque :momen khi ng10.cell charge :np pin 1. Hazard: ri ro2. dedicate: chuyn dng3. bonding: lin kt4. isolated: tch bit, ring bit5. disturbance: nhiu.6. fundamental: c bn7. phenomenon: hin tng8. impedance: tr khng9. resonance: cng hng10. reinforce: tng cng thm, gia c thm 1. Arcing: H quang (arc);2. Breakdown: nh thng cch in;3. Delay time: Thi gian tr;4. Earth bar: Thanh ni t;5. Earth clamp: Kp ni t;6. Earth rod: Cc ni t;7. GEM = Ground Enhancement Material: Vt liu ci thin in tr t;8. Ground potential: in th t;9. Phase tester: Bt th in;10. Protection area: Vng bo v;11. Protection characteristic: c tuyn bo v;12. Quality: Cht lng;13. Quantity: S lng;14. Rated voltage: in p nh mc (Ur);15. Nominal voltage: in p danh nh (Un1. Cable trench: Rnh cp2. Cable tray: khay cp3. Cable ladder: thang cp4. Trunking: mng hp5. Conduit: ng lun dy6. Technical gallery: hnh lang k thut7. Cable gland: mng sng m cp8. MCC - Motor Control Center - T iu khin ng c9. Reducer: khu thu hp10. Bend: co, ct (ch un cong) 1. primary voltage : in p s cp2. secondary voltage : in p th cp3. zone substation : trm truyn ti4. terminal station : trm h thng5. service type : kiu lp t6. step up transformer :MBA tng ap7. step down transformer :MBA gim ap8. power rating : dung lng nh mc9. standard : tiu chun 10. rated frequency : tn s nh mc 1.transformer:my bin p2.electric motor: my in3.plug: phch cm4.electric light bulb:bng n trn5.electric light tube:bng n di6.insulator:s cch in7.switch:cng tc8.vacuum circuit breaker: my ct chn khng9.miniature circuit breaker:at to mat10.disconnector:dao cch ly 1. HVAC: Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning - H thng iu ha khng kh v thng gi.2. PABX: private automatic branch exchange - H thng tng i in thoi ni b3. CCTV: Closed Circuit Television - H thng camera gim st an ning4. CATV: Community Antenna TV - H thng truyn hnh cp5. MATV: Master Antenna TV - H thng truyn hnh v tinh6. PA: Public Address - H thng m thanh cng cng7. Fire alarm: H thng bo chy t ng8. Fire Protection & Fighting: H thng PCCC9. Water Supply and Sewerage: H thng cp thot nc10. BMS: Building managment System - H thng qun l ta nh 1. Inrush current : Dng khi ng2. Initially: Vo lc ban u, ban u3. Surge: S dng ln4. Perpendicularity: S thng gc5. Tradeoff: S cn bng6. Arbitrary(adj): Bt k, ty 7. Fraction: Phn s8. Predict: D on.9. Conspire : Kt hp li "The effects of hysteresis and eddy currents conspire to further distort and complicate the current waveform".10. Distort: B mo1. Feeder: Pht tuyn

2. Lateral: Nhnh.

3. Overhead transmission line: ng dy truyn ti trn khng.

4. Nonuniformly distributed load: Ti phn b u.

5. Sag: vng.

6. Span: Khong vt.

7. Tension: Lc cng, sc cng (dy dn).

8. Geometric Mean Distance (GMD): Khong cch trung bnh hnh hc (cc pha)

9.Geometric Mean Radius (GMR): Bn knh trung bnh hnh hc.

10. Bundled conductor: Dy dn nhiu si ph (phn pha) Air distribution system .................................: H thng iu phi kh

Ammeter .................................................. .: Ampe k

Busbar .................................................. ....: Thanh dn

Cast-Resin dry transformer............................: My bin p kh

Circuit Breaker ............................................: Aptomat hoc my ct

Compact fluorescent lamp..............................: n hunh quang

Contactor .................................................. : Cng tc t

Current carrying capacity...............................: Kh nng mang ti

Dielectric insulation ......................................: in mi cch in

Distribution Board .........................................: T/bng phn phi in

Downstream circuit breaker.............................: B ngt in cui ngun

Earth conductor ...........................................: Dy ni t

Earthing system ...........................................: H thng ni t

Equipotential bonding ....................................: Lin kt ng th

Fire retardant ..............................................: Cht cn chy

Galvanised component ...................................:Cu kin m km

Impedance Earth ..........................................: in tr khng t

Instantaneous current ...................................: Dng in tc thi

Light emitting diode ......................................: it pht sng

Neutral bar .................................................. : Thanh trung ho

Oil-immersed transformer.................................: My bin p du

Outer Sheath ...............................................: V bc dy in

Relay .................................................. ........: R le

Sensor / Detector ...............................: Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm

Switching Panel ............................................: Bng ng ngt mch

Tubular fluorescent lamp.................................: n ng hunh quang

Upstream circuit breaker..................................: B ngt in u ngun

Voltage drop .................................................: St p

accesssories .................................................: ph kin

alarm bell .................................................. ....: chung bo t ng

burglar alarm .................................................. : chung bo trm

cable .................................................. ..........:cp in

conduit .................................................. .......:ng bc

current .................................................. .......:dng in

Direct current .................................................: in 1 chiu

electric door opener .........................................: thit b m ca

electrical appliances .........................................: thit b in gia dng

electrical insulating material ...............................: vt liu cch in

fixture .................................................. .........:b n

high voltage .................................................. .:cao th

illuminance .................................................. ...: s chiu sng

jack .................................................. ............:u cm

lamp .................................................. ............:n

leakage current ...............................................: dng r

live wire .................................................. .......:dy nng

low voltage .................................................. ...: h th

neutral wire .................................................. ..:dy ngui

photoelectric cell .............................................: t bo quang in

relay............................................. .................: r-le

smoke bell .................................................. ....: chung bo khi

smoke detector ...............................................: u d khi

wire .................................................. ............:dy in

Capacitor .................................................. .....: T in

Compensate capacitor ......................................: T b

Cooling fan .................................................. ...: Qut lm mt

Copper equipotential bonding bar ...................: Tm ni ng th bng ng

Current transformer ..........................................: My bin dng

Disruptive discharge .......................................: S phng in nh thng

Disruptive discharge switch ..............................: B kch mi

Earthing leads ................................................: Dy tip a

Incoming Circuit Breaker ...................................: Aptomat tng

Lifting lug .................................................. ....: Vu cu

Magnetic contact ...........................................: cng tc in t

Magnetic Brake ...............................................: b hm t

Overhead Concealed Loser ...............................: Tay nm thu lc

Phase reversal ................................................: lch pha

Potential pulse ................................................: in p xung

Rated current........................................... .......: Dng nh mc

Selector switch ..............................................: Cng tc chuyn mch

Starting current ..............................................: Dng khi ng

Vector group .................................................. : T u dy

My t l l, nhiu khi ngh hng ra n:

Punching: l thp c dp nh hnh.3p crcuit breaker: hng phi l my ct 3 pha u nha. N l my ct 3 cc. 3p = 3 poles.R le Mho: R le tng dn. Ngc li vi r le tng tr, thng dng bo v mt kch thch cho my pht. Mho l vit ngc ca... Ohm (hi hi, phi hng ta?)Winding: dy qun (trong my in).Wiring: cng vic i dy. Bushing: s xuyn.Differential amplifyer: mch khuch i vi sai.Differential relay: r le so lch.Different gear box: trong xe t, n l cu vi sai.Autotransformer: hng phi bin p t ng, m l bin p t ngu.Varac: t ngn gn ca variable autotransformer: bin p t ngu iu chnh c bng cch xoay.PT: Potention transformer: my bin p o lng. Cng dng VT: voltage transformer.Cell: Trong c quy th n l 1 hc (2.2 V) Trong quang in th n l t bo quang in. Cn cell phone l...Fault: s c, thng dng ch s c ngn mch.Earth fault: s c chm t.Reactor: trong h thng in th n l cun cm. Trong l phn ng ht nhn th n l b phn khng ch tc phn ng.Trip: my b ngng hot ng do s c.Field: trong l thuyt th n l trng. (nh in trng, t trng...). Trong my in n l cun dy kch thch. Trong trit hc n l lnh vc. thng thng, n l.. cnh ng.Loss of field: mt kch t.Coupling: trong in t n l phng php ni tng. Nhng trong c in, n li l khp ni, dng kt ni gia ng c v ti (bm chng hn).Orifice: l tit lu.Oring: vng cao su c thit din trn, thng dng lm kn.Check valve: van mt chiu??? Ng ha?

Air distribution system : H thng iu phi khAmmeter : Ampe k

Busbar : Thanh dn

Cast-Resin dry transformer: My bin p khCircuit Breaker : Aptomat hoc my ctCompact fluorescent lamp: n hunh quangContactor : Cng tc tCurrent carrying capacity: Kh nng mang ti

Dielectric insulation : in mi cch inDistribution Board : T/bng phn phi inDownstream circuit breaker: B ngt in cui ngun

Earth conductor : Dy ni tEarthing system : H thng ni tEquipotential bonding : Lin kt ng th

Fire retardant : Cht cn chy

Galvanised component :Cu kin m km

Impedance Earth : in tr khng tInstantaneous current : Dng in tc thi

Light emitting diode : it pht sng

Neutral bar : Thanh trung ho

Oil-immersed transformer: My bin p duOuter Sheath : V bc dy in

Relay : R le

Sensor / Detector : Thit b cm bin, thit b d tmSwitching Panel : Bng ng ngt mch

Tubular fluorescent lamp: n ng hunh quang

Upstream circuit breaker: B ngt in u ngun

Voltage drop : St p

accesssories : ph kin

alarm bell : chung bo t ngburglar alarm : chung bo trm

cable :cp inconduit :ng bccurrent :dng in

Direct current :in 1 chiu

electric door opener : thit b m caelectrical appliances : thit b in gia dngelectrical insulating material : vt liu cch in

fixture :b n

high voltage :cao th

illuminance : s chiu sng

jack :u cm

lamp :nleakage current : dng rlive wire :dy nnglow voltage : h th

neutral wire :dy ngui

photoelectric cell : t bo quang in

relay : r-le

smoke bell : chung bo khismoke detector : u d khi

wire :dy in

Capacitor : T inCompensate capacitor : T bCooling fan : Qut lm mtCopper equipotential bonding bar : Tm ni ng th bng ngCurrent transformer : My bin dng

Disruptive discharge : S phng in nh thngDisruptive discharge switch : B kch mi

Earthing leads : Dy tip a

Incoming Circuit Breaker : Aptomat tng

Lifting lug : Vu cu

Magnetic contact : cng tc in tMagnetic Brake : b hm t

Overhead Concealed Loser : Tay nm thu lc

Phase reversal : lch phaPotential pulse : in p xung

Rated current : Dng nh mc

Selector switch : Cng tc chuyn mchStarting current : Dng khi ng

Vector group : T u dy

Trm bin p n: (hi hi, my ci ny ai cng bit "gi")

Power station: trm in.Bushing: s xuyn.Disconnecting switch: Dao cch ly.Circuit breaker: my ct.Power transformer: Bin p lc.Voltage transformer (VT) Potention transformer (PT): my bin p o lng.Current transformer: my bin dng o lng.bushing type CT: Bin dng chn s.Winding type CT: Bin dng kiu dy qun.Auxiliary contact, auxiliary switch: tip im ph.Limit switch: tip im gii hn.Thermometer: ng h nhit .Thermostat, thermal switch: cng tc nhit.pressure gause: ng h p sut.Pressure switch: cng tc p sut.Sudden pressure relay: r le t bin p sut.Radiator, cooler: b gii nhit ca my bin p.Auxiliary oil tank: bn du ph, thng gin du.Position switch: tip im v tr.Control board: bng iu khin.Rotary switch: b tip im xoay.control switch: cn iu khin.selector switch: cn la chn.Synchro switch: cn cho php ha ng b.Synchro scope: ng b k, ng h o gc pha khi ha in.Alarm: cnh bo, bo ng.Announciation: bo ng bng m thanh (chung hoc ci).Protective relay: r le bo v.Differential relay: r le so lch.Transformer Differential relay: r le so lch my bin p.Line Differential relay: r le so lch ng dy.Busbar Differential relay: r le so lch thanh ci.Distance relay: r le khong cch.Over current relay: R le qu dng.Time over current relay: R le qu dngc thi gian.Time delay relay: r le thi gian.Directional time overcurrent relay: R le qu dng nh hng c thi gian.Negative sequence time overcurrent relay: R le qa dng th t nghch c thi gian.Under voltage relay: r le thp p.Over voltage relay: r le qu p.Earth fault relay: r le chm t.Synchronizising relay: r le ha ng b.Synchro check relay: r le chng ha sai.Indicator lamp, indicating lamp: n bo hiu, n ch th.Voltmetter, ampmetter, wattmetter, PF metter... cc dng c o lng V, A, W, cos phi...Phase shifting transformer: Bin th di pha.

V ... nh my in:

Power plant: nh my in.Generator: my pht in.Field: cun dy kch thch.Winding: dy qun.Connector: dy ni.Lead: dy o ca ng h.Wire: dy dn in.Exciter: my kch thch.Exciter field: kch thch ca... my kch thch.Field amp: dng in kch thch.Field volt: in p kch thch.Active power: cng sut hu cng, cng sut tc dng, cng sut o.Reactive power: Cng sut phn khng, cng sut v cng, cng sut o.Governor: b iu tc.AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulator: b iu p t ng.Armature: phn cm.Hydrolic: thy lc.Lub oil: = lubricating oil: du bi trn.AOP: Auxiliary oil pump: Bm du ph.Boiler Feed pump: bm nc cp cho l hi.Condensat pump: Bm nc ngng.Circulating water pump: Bm nc tun hon.Bearing: gi trc, b trc, ...Ball bearing: vng bi, bc n.Bearing seal oil pump: Bm du lm kn gi trc.Brush: chi than.Tachometer: tc kTachogenerator: my pht tc.Vibration detector, Vibration sensor: cm bin rung.Coupling: khp niFire detector: cm bin la (dng cho bo chy).Flame detector: cm bin la, dng pht hin la bung t.Ignition transformer: bin p nh la.Spark plug: nn la, Bu gi.Burner: vi t.Solenoid valve: Van in t.Check valve: van mt chiu.Control valve: van iu khin c.Motor operated control valve: Van iu chnh bng ng c in.Hydrolic control valve: vn iu khin bng thy lc.Phneumatic control valve: van iu khin bng kh p.

1 Introduction Nhp mn, gii thiu2 Philosophy Trit l3 Linear Tuyn tnh4 Ideal L tng5 Voltage source Ngun p6 Current source Ngun dng7 Voltage divider B/mch phn p8 Current divider B/mch phn dng9 Superposition (Nguyn tc) xp chng10 Ohm's law nh lut m11 Concept Khi nim12 Signal source Ngun tn hiu13 Amplifier B/mch khuch i14 Load Ti15 Ground terminal Cc (ni) t16 Input Ng vo17 Output Ng ra18 Open-circuit H mch19 Gain H s khuch i (HSK), li20 Voltage gain H s khuch i ( li) in p21 Current gain H s khuch i ( li) dng in22 Power gain H s khuch i ( li) cng sut23 Power supply Ngun (nng lng)24 Power conservation Bo ton cng sut25 Efficiency Hiu sut26 Cascade Ni tng27 Notation Cch k hiu28 Specific C th29 Magnitude ln30 Phase Pha31 Model M hnh32 Transconductance in dn truyn33 Transresistance in tr truyn34 Resistance in tr35 Uniqueness Tnh c nht36 Response p ng37 Differential Vi sai (so lch)38 Differential-mode Ch vi sai (so lch)39 Common-mode Ch cch chung40 Rejection Ratio T s kh41 Operational amplifier B khuch i thut ton42 Operation S hot ng43 Negative m44 Feedback Hi tip45 Slew rate Tc thay i46 Inverting o (du)47 Noninverting Khng o (du)48 Voltage follower B/mch theo in p49 Summer B/mch cng50 Diffential amplifier B/mch khuch i vi sai51 Integrator B/mch tch phn52 Differentiator B/mch vi phn53 Tolerance Dung sai54 Simultaneous equations H phng trnh55 Diode i-t (linh kin chnh lu 2 cc)56 Load-line ng ti (c tuyn ti)57 Analysis Phn tch58 Piecewise-linear Tuyn tnh tng on59 Application ng dng60 Regulator B/mch n nh61 Numerical analysis Phn tch bng phng php s62 Loaded C mang ti63 Half-wave Na sng64 Rectifier B/mch chnh lu65 Charging Np (in tch)66 Capacitance in dung67 Ripple nhp nh68 Half-cycle Na chu k69 Peak nh (ca dng sng)70 Inverse voltage in p ngc (t ln linh kin chnh lu)71 Bridge rectifier B/mch chnh lu cu72 Bipolar Lng cc73 Junction Mi ni (bn dn)74 Transistor Tran-zi-to (linh kin tch cc 3 cc)75 Qualitative nh tnh76 Description (S) m t77 Region Vng/khu vc78 Active-region Vng khuch i79 Quantitative nh lng80 Emitter Cc pht81 Common-emitter Cc pht chung82 Characteristic c tnh83 Cutoff Ngt (i vi BJT)84 Saturation Bo ha85 Secondary Th cp86 Effect Hiu ng87 n-Channel Knh N88 Governing Chi phi89 Triode Linh kin 3 cc90 Pinch-off Tht (i vi FET)91 Boundary Bin92 Transfer (S) truyn (nng lng, tn hiu )93 Comparison S so snh94 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Bn dn -xt kim loi95 Depletion (S) suy gim96 Enhancement (S) tng cng97 Consideration Xem xt98 Gate Cng99 Protection Bo v100 Structure Cu trc101 Diagram S 102 Distortion Mo dng103 Biasing (Vic) phn cc104 Bias stability n nh phn cc105 Four-resistor Bn-in tr106 Fixed C nh107 Bias circuit Mch phn cc108 Constant base Dng nn khng i109 Self bias T phn cc110 Discrete Ri rc111 Dual-supply Ngun i112 Grounded-emitter Cc pht ni t113 Diode-based (Pht trin) trn nn i-t114 Current mirror B/mch gng dng in115 Reference Tham chiu116 Compliance Tun th117 Relationship Mi quan h118 Multiple Nhiu (a)119 Small-signal Tn hiu nh120 Equivalent circuit Mch tng ng121 Constructing Xy dng122 Emitter follower Mch theo in p (cc pht)123 Common collector Cc thu chung124 Bode plot Gin (lc ) Bode125 Single-pole n cc (ch c mt cc)126 Low-pass Thng thp127 High-pass Thng cao128 Coupling (Vic) ghp129 RC-coupled Ghp bng RC130 Low-frequency Tn s thp131 Mid-frequency Tn s trung132 Performance Hiu nng133 Bypass Ni tt134 Deriving (Vic) rt ra (cng thc, mi quan h, )135 Hybrid Lai136 High-frequency Tn s cao137 Nonideal Khng l tng138 Imperfection Khng hon ho139 Bandwidth Bng thng (di thng)140 Nonlinear Phi tuyn141 Voltage swing Bin in p (dao ng)142 Current limits Cc gii hn dng in143 Error model M hnh sai s144 Worst-case Trng hp xu nht145 Instrumentation amplifier B/mch khuch i dng c (trong o lng)146 Simplified n gin ha147 Noise Nhiu148 Johnson noise Nhiu Johnson149 Shot noise Nhiu Schottky150 Flicker noise Nhiu hng, nhiu 1/f151 Interference S nhiu lon152 Noise performance Hiu nng nhiu153 Term Thut ng154 Definition nh ngha155 Convention Quy c156 Signal-to-noise ratio T s tn hiu-nhiu157 Noise figure Ch s nhiu158 Noise temperature Nhit nhiu159 Converting Chuyn i160 Adding Thm vo161 Subtracting Bt ra162 Uncorrelated Khng tng quan163 Quantity i lng164 Calculation (Vic) tnh ton, php tnh165 Data D liu166 Logic gate Cng lun l167 Inverter B/mch o (lun l)168 Ideal case Trng hp l tng169 Actual case Trng hp thc t170 Manufacturer Nh sn xut171 Specification Ch tiu k thut172 Noise margin Bin chng nhiu173 Fan-out Kh nng ko ti174 Consumption S tiu th175 Static Tnh176 Dynamic ng177 Rise time Thi gian tng178 Fall time Thi gian gim179 Propagation delay Tr lan truyn180 Logic family H (vi mch) lun l181 Pull-up Ko ln182 Drawback Nhc im183 Large-signal Tn hiu ln184 Half-circuit Na mch (vi sai)185 Visualize Trc quan ha186 Node Nt187 Mesh Li188 Closed loop Vng kn189 Microphone u thu m190 Sensor Cm bin191 Loudspeaker Loa192 Microwave Vi ba193 Oven L194 Loading effect Hiu ng t ti195 rms value Gi tr hiu dng196 figure of merit Ch s (khng th nguyn)197 Visualization S trc quan ha198 Short-circuit Ngn mch199 Voltmeter Vn k200 Ammeter Ampe k201 Scale Thang o202 Fundamental C bn203 Product Tch204 Derivation S rt ra205 Level Mc206 Simplicity S n gin207 Conceptualize Khi nim ha208 Phasor Vect209 Terminology Thut ng210 Common-Mode Rejection Ratio T s kh (tn hiu) cch chung211 Voltage-dependent Ph thuc in p212 Current-dependent Ph thuc dng in213 Fraction Mt phn214 Quadrant Gc phn t215 Breakdown nh thng216 Avalanche Thc l217 Graphical analysis Phn tch bng th218 Emission S pht x219 Thermal (Thuc v) nhit220 Approximation S xp x221 Generalization S khi qut ha222 Topology S 223 Topologically Theo s 224 w.r.t So vi225 Threshold Ngng226 Quiescent Tnh (im lm vic)227 Swing Bin dao ng228 Power dissipation Tiu tn cng sut229 Transcendental Siu vit230 Numerator T s231 Denominator Mu s232 Asymptote Tim cn233 Leakage R (r)

Low Voltage (LV) :............. H thMedium Voltage (MV) :............. Trung thHigh Voltage (HV) :............. Cao thExtremely High Voltage (EHV) :............. Siu cao thin p danh nh ca h thng in.............Nominal voltage of a system)Gi tr nh mc.............Rated value)in p vn hnh h thng in (Operating voltage in a system)in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest (lowest) voltage of a system)in p cao nht i vi thit b (Highest voltage for equipment)Cp in p (Voltage level) lch in p (Voltage deviation) st in p ng dy (Line voltage drop)Dao ng in p (Voltage fluctuation)Qu in p (trong h thng) (Overvoltage (in a system))Qu in p tm thi (Temporary overvoltage)Qu in p qu (Transient overvoltage) Dng in p (Voltage surge)Phc hi in p (Voltage recovery)S khng cn bng in p (Voltage unbalance)Qu in p thao tc (Switching overvoltage)Qu in p st (Lightning overvoltageQu in p cng hng (Resonant overvoltage)H s khng cn bng (Unbalance factor)Cp cch in (Insulation level)Cch in ngoi (External insulation)Cch in trong (Internal insulation)Cch in t phc hi (Self-restoring insulation)Cch in khng t phc hi (Non-self-restoring insulation)Cch in chnh (Main insulation)Cch in ph (Auxiliary insulation)Cch in kp (Double insulation)Phi hp cch in (Insulation co-ordination)Truyn ti in (Transmission of electricity)Phn phi in (Distribution of electricity)Lin kt h thng in (Interconnection of power systems)im u ni (Connection point)S h thng in (System diagram)S vn hnh h thng in (System operational diagram)Quy hoch h thng in (Power system planning) n nh ca h thng in (Power system stability) n nh ca ti (Load stability)n nh tnh ca h thng in (Steady state stability of a power system)n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in (Transient stability of a power system)n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional stability of a power system)Vn hnh ng b h thng in (Synchronous operation of a system)Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National load dispatch center)H thng SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition system)Tiu chun vn hnh (Operation regulation)Qun l nhu cu h thng (System demand control)D bo qun l h thng in (Management forecast of a system)Tng cng h thng in (Reinforcement of a system)Khong cch lm vic ti thiu (Minimum working distance)Khong trng cch in ti thiu (Minimum insulation clearance)Khi ng lnh t my nhit in (Cold start-up thermal generating set)Khi ng nng t my nhit in (Hot start-up thermal generating set)Kh nng qu ti (Overload capacity)Sa thi ph ti (Load shedding)Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) (Available capacity of a it (of a power station)Cng sut d phng ca mt h thng in (Reserve power of a system)D phng nng (Hot stand-by)D phng ngui (Cold reserve) I.1.79. D phng s c (Outage reserve)D bo ph ti (Load forecast)D bo cu trc pht in (Generation mix forecast)Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady state of a power system)Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient state of a power system)Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced state of a polyphase network)Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced state of a polyphase network) tin cy cung cp in (Service reliability) an ton cung cp in (Service security)Phn phi kinh t ph ti (Economic loading schedule)S cn bng ca li phn phi (Balancing of a distribution networ+++---o0o---+++

Nng lngFossil fuel: nng lng ha thchRenewable energy: nng lng mi (nng lng ti so)Green house effect: hiu ng nh knhGrid: li inGeothermal energy: nng lng a nhitPhotovoltaic cell: Pin quang inPower tower: thp nng lngSolar panel: cc tm thu nng lng mt triSolar power plant:nh my in mt triSolar power tower plant: nh my in mt tri c thp thu nhitSolar trough power plant: nh my in mt tri c cc tm thu nh sng dng hnh mng.+++---o0o---+++Single-axis tracking system: H thng theo di chuyn ng ca mt tri c mt trc xoayDual-axis tracking system: H thng theo di chuyn ng ca mt tri a trc xoayGlass: thu knhReflector: b phn chiu nh sng mt triConvex mirror: gng cu liFocal point: im tp trung nh sng mt triDish-Stirling power plant: nh my in mt tri s dng ng c Stirling (ci bin i nhit nng thnh ng nng dng quay tuabin)Concentrating photovoltaic power plant: nh my quang in tp trung Quang in

Photovoltaic: quang inCurrent-voltage curve: ng cong c tnh vol-ampeMPP:maximum power point - im cng sut t cc i trn ng cong c tnh vol-ampe ca pin quang inSTC standard test condition: iu kin kim tra tiu chun (dng xc nh cng sut cc i ca pin quang in)Inverter: b bin i inTrack: di theo, bm theoPR performance ratio: h s hot ng ca h thng quang in c kt ni vi li.+++---o0o---+++Solar radiation:tia mt triCc vt liu s dng ch to pin quang in hin nay:Monocrystal siliconPolycrystal siliconAmorphous siliconCIS/CIGSCdTeConcentrator cells Busbar : Thanh dn Cast-Resin dry transformer: My bin p kh Circuit Breaker : Aptomat hoc my ctCompact fluorescent lamp: n hunh quang Contactor : Cng tc t Current carrying capacity: Kh nng mang ti

Dielectric insulation : in mi cch in Distribution Board : T/bng phn phi in Downstream circuit breaker: B ngt in cui ngun

Earth conductor : Dy ni t Earthing system : H thng ni t Equipotential bonding : Lin kt ng th

Fire retardant : Cht cn chy

Galvanised component :Cu kin m km

Impedance Earth : in tr khng t Instantaneous current : Dng in tc thi

Neutral bar : Thanh trung ho

Oil-immersed transformer: My bin p du

Outer Sheath : V bc dy in

Sensor / Detector : Thit b cm bin, thit b d tm Switching Panel : Bng ng ngt mch

Tubular fluorescent lamp: n ng hunh quang

Upstream circuit breaker: B ngt in u ngun

Voltage drop : St paccesssories : ph kin

alarm bell : chung bo t ngburglar alarm : chung bo trm

cable :cp inconduit :ng bccurrent :dng in

Direct current :in 1 chiu

electric door opener : thit b m caelectrical appliances : thit b in gia dngelectrical insulating material : vt liu cch in

fixture :b n

high voltage :cao th

illuminance : s chiu sng

jack :u cm

lamp :nleakage current : dng rlive wire :dy nnglow voltage : h th

neutral wire :dy ngui

photoelectric cell : t bo quang in

relay : r-le

smoke bell : chung bo khi smoke detector : u d khi

wire :dy inCapacitor : T inCompensate capacitor : T bCooling fan : Qut lm mtCopper equipotential bonding bar : Tm ni ng th bng ngCurrent transformer : My bin dng

Disruptive discharge : S phng in nh thngDisruptive discharge switch : B kch mi

Earthing leads : Dy tip a

Incoming Circuit Breaker : Aptomat tng

Lifting lug : Vu cu

Magnetic contact : cng tc in tMagnetic Brake : b hm t

Overhead Concealed Loser : Tay nm thu lc

Phase reversal : lch phaPotential pulse : in p xung

Rated current : Dng nh mc

Selector switch : Cng tc chuyn mchStarting current : Dng khi ng

Vector group : T u dy

1. conduit /'kndit/ ng bc ( i dy)conduit box : hp ni bc

2. fuse /fju:z/ : cu chcartridge fuse /'k:trid fju:z/ : cu ch ng

3. disconnector : cu dao

4. isolator switch : cu dao ln

5. CB = circuit breaker : ngt in t ng

6. DB = distribution board /,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t inMDB = main distribution board /mein ,distri'bju:n b:d/ : t in chnh

7. electricity meter : ng h in

8. jack /dk/ : u cm theo t in oxford . theo t in xy dng v t in webster th ngha l cm

9.series circuit /'siri:z 's:kit/ : mch ni tipparallel circuit /'prlel 's:kit/ : mch song song

10. fault /f:lt/ : dng in ngn mch do s c [k bit dch th ny ng k ?]pressure........................p sutvapour pressure...............p sut hiinlet pressure.................p sut hi vostatic pressure.................p sut tnhbarometric pressure..............p sut kh quyncritical pressure..................p sut ti hnmercury manometer.............p k thy ngndifferential manometer.............p k so lchspring manometer...................p k l xopiezoelictrical manometer...............p k p in Varactor : Diod bin dung- Varistor : in tr c tr s bin i theo in p- VCO ( Voltage Controlled Oscillator ) : B dao ng do s iu khin ca in p- VCXO ( Voltage Controlled Xtal Oscillator ) : Dao ng thch anh c iu khin bi in th - Vert. Defl : Li dc- Vertical synchro : ng b dc- VESA ( Video Electronics Standards Association ) : Hip hi cc tiu chun in t v hnh nh- VHF ( Video High Frequency) Cao Tn- VID. AMP ( Video AMP) : Mch khuch i hnh nh- Video : Hnh nh- Video SW : Kha ng m tn hiu hnh nh- Viewing angle: Gc nhn- Visible : C th thy dc- VLF ( Very Low Frequency ) : Tn s rt thp- VOL : m lng- VOLTAGE BOOST : Tng p - VOLTAGE STAB : n p- VPP ( Peak to peak Voltage ) : in p nh nh- VSS ( Vertical Sync signal ) : Tn hiu ng b dc EF : (Earth Fault), ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v chm t EL : (Earth Leakage), ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v dng r (dng ZCT) PL : (Phase Loss, Phase Failure), ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v mt pha PR : (Phase Reversal, Phase Sequence), ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v th t pha (o pha) UBV : (UnBalance Voltage) ch thit b in c chc nng bo v mt cn bng p UBC : (UnBalance Current) ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v mt cn bng dng in OF : (Over Frequency) ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v qu tn s UF : (Under Frequency) ch cc thit b in c chc nng bo v thiu tn s OSC : (OSCilloscope) My hin sng, dao ng k FG : (Function Generator) My pht sngGp t thi kin thc Anh vn cn thng. cc bn thng cm PWS : (Power Supply) b ngun, ngun cung cp -Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition :H thng giam st iu khin v thu thp s liu(SCADA)-Energy Management System: h thng qun l nng lng(EMS)-Distribution Management System h thng qun l li in phn phi(DMS)-Electric network/gird :li in-Electric power system: h thng in (HT)-generation :sn sut-transmission: truyn ti-Distribution: phn phi-Consumption :tiu th -Nominal parameters :thng s nh mc-low voltage :li h th-medium voltage:li trung th-high voltage:li cao th-Element :phn t -extra high voltage :li siu cao th-power factor :h s cng sut -frequency :tn s f-consumer: h tiu th-load :ph ti in-unload ;b ti ,loi b ti -pole :ct / tr in -cross arm :-cable line :ng dy cp -Substation ,power station :trm bin p (TBA)-three winding transformer: my bin p 3 cun dy -Auto transformer :my bin p t ngu-Recloser : my ct t ng li-LB FCO- Load Break Fuse Cut Out :cu ch t ri kt hp vi DCL ph ti-FCO-Fuse Cut Out : cu ch t ri -LA- Lightning Arrester :chng st -LBS Load Break Switch :dao cch ly ph ti-DS Disconnect Switch: DCL-CB- Circuit Breaker :my ct-On load tap changing transformer :my bin p iu p di ti-Arc :h quang-Arc Discharge :phng in h quang-Arrester :chng st-Basic Insulation Level (BIL) :Mc cch in c bn-Breakdown :phng in chc thng-Breakdown Voltage :in p nh thng-Capacitor: t in-Characteristic :c tuyn-Corona: vng quangTrm c s :Operation StationTrm iu khin trung tm (Master Station): -Thu thp d liu (Data Acquistion-Gim st (Supervisory-Phn b tr (Support)-RCBO :Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent protection- Cu dao chng dng d ,qu ti v ngn mch -ELCB :Cu dao pht hindng r ELCB- ( Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker -My tnh c nhn : PC (Personal Computer)-Phn mm h thng (System Software)-phn mm ng dng (Applications software)1: Digital Multimeter ng h VOM s2: Amp Clam ng h ampe km3: Screw driver T Vt4: Adjustable Wrench Ci m lt5: Spanner C l6: Pliers Ci km7: Long Nose Pliers Km m nhn8: haft saw Ca cm tay9: Rivet Gun Dng c bn inh10:Soldering Iron Hn ch 1: Socket Phc cm in2: Plug cm in3: Power Lead Dy ngun in (Bao gm c plug and Socket)4: Control Panel Hp iu khin5: Tool Box Hp ng dng c6: Junction Box Hp ni dy7: Hand Drill Khoan tay8: Drill Bit Mi khoan9: Battery Charger My xc bnh c qui10 : Terminal B ni, im ni dy1: Fluorescent light/ tube light n hunh quang2: floodlight light n cao p3: Aviation lightn cnh bo4: Aircraft Warning Light n cnh bo my bay5: Emergency Light n khn cp khi n s c6: Navigation AID light n cnh bo hng hi7: flashlight/ touch light n pin8: Starter Con chut bng n hunh quang9: Ballast B khi ng ca n (tng ph)10: Receptacle cm inPotential energy = th nngKinetic energy = ng nngHeat energy = nhit nngChemical energy = ha nngNuclear energy = nng lng nguyn tFossil energy = nng lng ht nhnWind energy = nng lng giTidal energy = nng lng thy triuWave energy = nng lng sngSolar energy = nng lng mt triBiomass energy = nng lng sinh khiElectric charge = in tchconductance = in dnconductivity = in dn sutelectric field strength = cng in trngelectromotive force = lc in ngangular frequency= tn s gcresonant frequency = tn s cng hng1. Network : Li in (bao gm : ngun, dy dn, cc nt , MBT, Ph ti)2. Node : im nt trn li in.3. Switches : Cc thit b ng ct ( MC, CD, FCO, LBFCO, )4. Transformer : My bin th5. Series Capacitor : Gin t b6. Static Load : Ph ti (th hin cc trng thi ph ti)7. MWH Load : ti a vo tnh ton bng sn lng in tiu th.8. Source : ngun ( my pht , trm trung gian, )9. Induction Machine : ng c khng ng b10. Synchronous Machine : ng c ng b Cc t thng gp v khi nim H THNG IN:

1. Electric power system: h thng in (HT)

2. Electric network/grid :mng (li) in

- low voltage grid:li h th- medium voltage grid:li trung th- high voltage grid:li cao th- extra high voltage grid:li siu cao th- extremely high voltage grid: li cc cao th

3. Electricity generation: Pht in

4. Power plant: nh my in- Thermal power plant: nh my nhit in- Hydroelectric power plant: nh my in- Wind power plant: nh my in gi- Tidal power plant: nh my in thy triu

5. Electricity transmission: truyn ti in- transmission lines: ng dy truyn ti

6. Electricity distribution: phn phi in

7. Consumption :tiu th - consumer: h tiu th

8. Load: ph ti in- load curve: biu ph ti- load shedding: sa thi ph ti- unblanced load: ph ti khng cn bng- peak load: ph ti nh, cc i- symmetrical load: ph ti i xng

9. Power: cng sut- power factor : h s cng sut - reactive power: cng sut phn khng- apparent power: cng sut biu kin

10. Frequency : tn s - frequency range: Di tn s