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2. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDCHNG III : GII THIU V TUYN NG THIT K ........................................... 573.1Mc ch v yu cu chung v cc bc la chn tuyn ng ngoi bin. .. 573.1.1Mc ch ca vic la chn tuyn ng. ..................................................... 573.1.2Nhng yu cu ca vic la chn tuyn. .................................................. 573.1.3Cc bc la chn tuyn ng ngoi bin.................................................. 583.2La chn tuyn ng HST HSD .................................................................... 583.2.1Nhng c s la chn tuyn ng: ........................................................ 583.2.2 xut phng n chn tuyn ng ......................................................... 593.2.3nh gi la chn tuyn ng bin: ............................................................ 643.2.4Kt lun ..................................................................................................... 643.3Ti liu, tiu chun, quy phm p dng cho thit k ........................................ 653.3.1Nguyn tc tnh ton chung theo quy chun, qui phm ............................. 653.3.2Phng php tnh ton thit k bn ng ng ....................................... 653.3.3Cc tiu chun, quy phm, ti liu p dng cho thit k ........................... 66CHNG IV : TNH TON, THIT K NG NG BIN ..................................... 674.1Tnh ton kim tra chiu dy ng chu p sut trong ln nht.......................... 674.1.1Phng php tnh: .................................................................................... 674.1.2Phn loi cht lng dn trong ng ng, cp v tr, cp an ton. ............ 674.1.3Tnh ton ng ng chu p lc trong c tnh ton cho 2 trng thi : . 694.1.4Kt lun: .................................................................................................... 764.2Tnh ton kim tra iu kin n nh n hi ca tuyn ng. ........................... 774.2.1Kim tra iu kin mt n nh cc b ca tuyn ng. .............................. 774.2.2 Kim tra hin tng mt n nh lan truyn. ............................................ 814.3 Tnh ton kim tra n nh v tr ca tuyn ng .................................................... 824.3.1 Hin tng. ................................................................................................... 824.3.2 Phn tch n nh v tr ca ng ng ......................................................... 824.3.3 Kt lun s b: .............................................................................................. 994.3.4 Phng hng gii quyt ........................................................................... 1004.3.5 Kt lun : ..................................................................................................... 102 Page 2 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 3. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD 4.4 Bi ton kim tra bn ca ng ng khi i qua cc a hnh phc tp. ...... 1044.4.1 Phn tch nhp treo ...................................................................................... 1044.4.2 Bi ton ng ng i qua h lm .............................................................. 1054.4.3 Bi ton ng ng qua nh li ................................................................. 111 4.5 Bi ton cng hng dng xoy : ...................................................................... 1134.5.1 Hin tng : ................................................................................................ 1134.5.2 Phng php tnh ton kim tra : ............................................................... 1144.5.3 Kt lun: ...................................................................................................... 115 4.6 Bi ton gin n nhit .................................................................................... 1164.6.1Tng quan ............................................................................................... 1164.6.2Gin n ng ng ................................................................................. 1164.6.3Tng bin dng ........................................................................................ 1194.6.4Kt qu .................................................................................................... 119CHNG V : TNH TON KIM TRA BN KT CU NG NG (RISER) ............ 120 5.1 M hnh ha s tnh ...................................................................................... 1205.1.1 M t chung kt cu ng ng (Riser) ........................................................ 1205.1.2 La chn v m hnh ha s tnh. ......................................................... 121 5.2 Kim tra bn ng ng ...................................................................................... 1275.2.1 Kt qu ni lc ............................................................................................ 1275.2.2 Kim tra bn kt cu Riser .......................................................................... 127 5.3 Kt lun ............................................................................................................. 132CHNG VI : CHNG N MN CHO NG NG ........................................... 134 6.1 Vai tr ca vic chng n mn trong thit k cng trnh ng ng bin. ..... 134 6.2 Phn loi n mn ........................................................................................... 1346.2.1Theo v tr ca qu trnh n mn: ............................................................. 1346.2.2Phn loi theo hnh thi ........................................................................... 135 6.3 Cc phng php kim tra v pht hin n mn ........................................... 1386.3.1Mu th ................................................................................................... 1386.3.2o bng cc thit b in t ..................................................................... 138Page 3 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 4. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD 6.3.3 Phn tch ha hc .................................................................................... 139 6.3.4 Thit b kim tra b mt ........................................................................... 139 6.3.5 S dng tia phng x .............................................................................. 1396.4Bin php chng n mn ............................................................................... 139 6.4.1 Chng n mn b ng. ........................................................................... 140 6.4.2 Chng n mn ch ng. ........................................................................ 141 6.4.3 Phng php bo v kt hp. ................................................................. 1466.5 Bo v chng n mn cho tuyn ng dn du t HSTHSD ........................... 146 6.5.1 Chn loi sn .......................................................................................... 147 6.5.2 Chn hnh dng Anode ............................................................................ 147 6.5.3 Phng n la chn................................................................................ 147 6.5.4 Thit k bo v chng n mn in ha. ................................................. 1486.6Kt lun .......................................................................................................... 157CHNG VII: THI CNG NG NG ................................................................ 1587.1Ch to ng.................................................................................................... 1587.2Thi cng th ng ............................................................................................ 160 7.2.1 Th ng bng x lan th ng ................................................................... 160 7.2.2 Phng php thi cng dng tu th ng c trng cun .......................... 1677.3Thi cng ko ng............................................................................................ 168 7.3.1 Phng php ko ng trn mt (Surface tow). ....................................... 168 7.3.2 Phng php ko ng st mt (Below-Surfacetow). ............................... 170 7.3.3 Phng php ko ng trn y bin (Bottomtow). .................................. 171 7.3.4 Phng php ko ng st y bin ( off- Bottomtow). ............................ 1727.4Thi cng ni ng............................................................................................. 173 7.4.1 Phng php ni ng bng mt bch (Flanged Methode). ...................... 173 7.4.2 Phng php hn p sut kh quyn (Atmospheric Welding Methode). 175 7.4.3 Phng php hn cao p (Hyperbaric Welding) ......................................... 175 7.4.4 Mi ni c kh .......................................................................................... 176 Page 4 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 5. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD 7.5 Thi cng ng ng (Riser) ................................................................................. 1767.5.1Phng php thi cng lp t ng ng ln khi chn ...................... 1767.5.2Phng php thi cng ni ng Riser vi ng ngm ................................ 179 7.6 La chn phng n thi cng tuyn ng HSTHSD .................................... 1817.6.1C s la chn........................................................................................ 1817.6.2La chn phng n ............................................................................... 182 7.7 T chc thi cng ............................................................................................ 1827.7.1Cng tc chun b .................................................................................... 1827.7.2Cc thng s ca tu Cn Sn ............................................................... 1847.7.3Tnh ton bn trong thi cng th ng ....................................................... 1867.7.4Quy trnh thi cng .................................................................................... 196CHNG VIII: NGHIM THU (PRE-COMMISSIONING)......................................... 206 8.1 Gii thiu........................................................................................................ 206 8.2 Pre-commissioning pipeline (Nghim thu ng ng) ................................... 2078.2.1Flooding ng ng, lm sch v o h thng ....................................... 2078.2.2Hydrotesting ng ng v kim tra r r ................................................ 2108.2.3Kh nc, sy v ty ng ng ........................................................... 211 8.3 Hot ng Pigging .......................................................................................... 2128.3.1Gii thiu ................................................................................................. 2128.3.2H thng Pigging ..................................................................................... 213 8.4 An ton lao ng ............................................................................................ 2218.4.1i vi thi cng trn bi lp rp ............................................................... 2218.4.2i vi thi cng trn bin ......................................................................... 222 8.5 Bo v mi trng ......................................................................................... 223TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 224Page 5 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 6. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDCHNG I : M U1.1 TNG QUAN V CNG TRNH NG NG1.1.1 Trn th gii Hu ht mi ngi lin tng t "ng ng vi ng ng nc nng vlnh m h nhn thy trong nh ca h. Ngoi ra, hu ht chng ta s nhn thy ccng ng nha t di ng ph v ng giao thng phn phi kh t tnhin ti a phng. Nhng nhiu ngi khng bit c hng trm hng ngn cy snhng ng ng rt ln dn qua cc quc gia v i dng cung cp, vn chuynmt lng ln du th v cc sn phm du, kh. Nht l di lng t hoc di bin:ngt tm mt v thc s kh c th hnh dung c !Du th thng c vn chuyn gia cc chu lc bng nhng con tu chdu ln, nhng du v kh t nhin c vn chuyn (truyn dn) khp cc lc abng ng ng .Cc ng ng ny c ng knh rt ln (h thng ng ng caNga c ng knh ln n1422mm), v c th di hn 1000km.Hnh 1. Hu ht cc ng ng dn du v kh c hn li vi nhau v c chndi lng t hoc t di bin. ng ng dn du l ng mch chnh ca cc doanh nghip du kh, lm vic24 gi mi ngy, by ngy mt tun, lin tc cung cp cho nhu cu nng lng cachng ta. Chng ng vai tr cc k quan trng cho nn kinh t ca hu ht cc qucgia. ng ng dn c lch s lu di: ng ng dn c s dng vn chuyncht lng v cht kh t hng ngn nm trc: ngi Trung Quc s dng ng tre Page 6 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 7. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD truyn ti kh t t nhin thp sng th Bc Kinh ca h t nhng nm 400TCN.Du v kh t c vn chuyn trong cc ng ng truyn dn ln ti ccnh my lc du, nh my in, vv, v c chuyn ha thnh cc dng nng lngnh xng du cho xe t, v in cho nh ca . Du v kh t cung cp nng lngcho hu ht th gii . Cc loi nhin liu cung cp nng lng cho th gii vi nhngdng nng lng n gin nh:Du= 34%Than = 24% Kh t = 21% 40% 35% 30% 25%Du 20%Than 15%Kh t 10%5%0%1 Hnh 2: T l cung cp nng lng ca cc dng nng lng.Chng ta gi du khai thc t mt t l du th v n khng c x l ( tinhch ) thnh cc sn phm nh xng hoc du la m chng ta c th s dng. Kh tnhin l ch yu l kh metan, thu c theomt cch t nhin t cc h changm, tri ngc vi kh thu c t vic t than. Kh t sn xut kh l kh chnh mchng ta s dng chiu sng v si m vo gia th k 20. n na sau ca thk ny, kh t t nhin c xem nh l mt ngun nng lng chnh. Page 7 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 8. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHt nhn = 7%Hidro = 2%Kh khc = 12%14%12%10% 8%Ht nhnHidro 6%Kh khc 4% 2% 0%1Hnh 3: T l s dng cc loi kh v nng lng khc Nu khng c ng ng dn chng ta s khng th p ng c nhu cu rtln v du v nhu cu kh t cho c hnh tinh. Cc ng ng ny cng l hnh thcvn chuyn an ton cc dng nng lng: ng ng dn an ton hn 40 ln hn so vi cc xe bn ng st, v an tonhn100 ln so vi cc xe bn ng b khi vn chuyn nng lng; ng ng dndu lm trn khong 1 gallon (3,785411784 lt) cho mi triu thng-dm, theo Hip hiM ng ng dn du ca M. Mt thng, vn chuyn mt dm (1609m), tngng vi mt thng-dm, v c 42 gallon (159 lt) trong mt thng. Trong quy m hgia nh,iu ny tng ng vi vic l t hn mt tha c ph du trn mi mt ngnthng !Page 8 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 9. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 4: ng ng dn rt cn thit cho vn chuyn du v kh tChu sc p ln, ng ng cng sut ln mang nhiu sn phm nguy him, vdo , chng c thit k, xy dng v hot ng da trn cc tiu chun ccng nhn rng tt c u phi tp trung vo s an ton. Ngoi ra, nhng ng ngny phi p ng cc quy nh v an ton trong hu ht cc quc gia. Nhng tiuchun ny v quy nh ny l m bo an ton v bo v cc ng ng dn.on thng tin ngn sau s tm hiu v ng ng, bao gm c s pht trinca ung ng dn du kh v cc ng ng c s dng ngy nay. NG NG CA NGY HM QUANhiu ng ng ngy nay chng ta s dng vn chuyn du v kh t c xy dng cch y nhiu nm, v cng l s tin tng ca nhng k sng ng dn rng h s tip tc xy dng cc ngun cung cp nng lng an tonnh ngy hm nay.Nhng chng ta cn phi tr li trong lch s tm hiu ngun gc ca ngng dn. Hng ngn nm qua, cc ng ng dn c xy dng nhiu ni khcnhau trn th gii vn chuyn nc ung v ti tiu cho nng nghip. NhngPage 9 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 10. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDng ny gm t st nung v tre rng, bng chng l ngi Trung Quc c i sdng ng tre vn chuyn nc.C kh ti liu tham kho ni rng ngi Ai Cp s dng ng ng vnchuyn nc t nm 3000TCN, ngi Cretian s dng ng t nung dn nct nhng nm 2000- 1500 TCN, v ngi Hy Lp s dng cc ng t nung, ng ch,ng ng v ng t nm 1600 300TCN. Thi , ngi th rn ni cc ng kimloi li vi nhau bng cch n gin l dng ba nung nng dnh chng li vinhau.Cc nn vn minh c i nh Ba T v La M s dng rt nhiu loi ng, v dnh ng ng kim loi c s dng rt lu t nm 500 TCN khi m nhng ngiLa M s dng ng ng dn phn phi nc cc th trn pht trin cao.Vic s dng ng ng u tin vn chuyn hydrocacbon c ghi li l Trung Quc: khong 2.500 nm trc y, ngi Trung Quc s dng ng tre vn chuyn kh t t nhin t cc ging cn: h c th dng kh un nhng chonc bin tch mui, v to ra nc ung c. cc ti liu sau ch ra rngngi Trung Quc s dng tre ng, bc trong sp thp sng th Bc Kinh camnh rt sm nht t nm 400 TCN. Ngy hm nay ca ngnh cng nghip du v ng ng dn kh c ngun gct trong ngnh du kh. Cho n th k 19, du c chit t nhng ngun r r tnhin b mt ca tri t. Vo th k 19, du c pht hin di lng t nh nhngngi khoan ging nc, nhng n li c coi l mt s phin toi! Tuy nhin, ccdoanh nhn sm nhn ra rng t du c th c s dng nh mt cht bi trnv luminant. Du c khoan Baku, Azerbaijan vo nm 1848, v Ba Lan vonm 1854, nhng cng cuc khai thc v thng mi ha chnh thc u tin bngcch s dng ng ng dn du bt u cch y 150 nm M, bi mt s nginh i t Drake. Nm 1859, Edwin Drake cho khoan hai ging du, gn mt b mt thm du Titusville, Pennsylvania, Hoa K. Ging tt c gi tr n khong 40 000 la M. Hsn xut khong 2.000 thng (bbl) du th, nhng n c mi v du th c mi bnkhng c ph bin cho n nm 1860, khi nh my lc du n gin c hotng x l du. Nhng nh my lc du un nng du th Naphtha, sau un sidu ha, li du nng v du hc .Du ha tch l mt thay th hon ho v gir cho du c voi sau c s dng chiu sng, v du c bn vi gi20la/thng. Trong nhng ngy u, xng du Page 10 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 11. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD " gii quyt vn ny, v n i hi phi c xng dng cc bin php vn chuyn bng phng tinkhc. Vo u nhng nm 1860, du c vn chuyn trong thng g trn sng,trn s lan nga ko. y l vic rt nguy him: thi tit, v tranh chp lao ng,thng xuyn lm gin on dng chy. Tuyn ng st gii quyt nh nhm vn ny, nhng du li b kim sot bi cc ng ch ng st v cng nhn ca h.ng ng l mt gii php r rng rt tt cho vn giao thng vn ti ny, v cccng nhn du sm quen thuc vi cc ng ng : ng gang v ng st non c nhiuloi ng knh khc nhau c s dng xung quanh cc ging sn xut t nhngngy u ca ngnh cng nghip.Nm 1865, mt ng ng dn du ng knh hp dn 6inch (152mm) (khngc my bm) c xy dng bang Pennsylvania, Hoa K, vn chuyn 7.000 thng /ngy. N c hon thnh bi Pennsylvania Tubing v Cng ty Vn ti cng PitholeCreek t m Pithole n ming ca con lch chy vo sng Allegheny (4 thng cha42 US gallon, hoc 159 lt.)Cc khu vc khc trn th gii ang pht trin h thng ng ng dn v thchin mt chnh sch tit kim vn chuyn ln: nm 1878, ti Baku, Azerbaijan, anh emNobel xy dng mt ng ng dn du ng knh 3 inch (76mm), di 10 km gipgim chi ph vn chuyn bng 95%,v tr cho chnh n trong mt nm! ng ngc nhp khu t M v chi ph thp v cht lng cao, nhng c mt iu th v lng ng dn du Baku khong thi gian ny cng b phn i bi cc cng ty vcng nhn vi li ch trong cc xng ng thng, vv. Nhng ng ng dn du di bt u c xy dng vo thi im chuyngiao ca th k 20, v d: Nm 1906, mt ng ng di 472mile (755km), ng knh 8inch (203mm) c xy dng t Oklahoma n Texas Cng chiu di , mt ng ng vi ng knh nh (8 n 12inch (203 n 305mm)) c xy dng Baku cng mt thi gian Nm 1912, mt ng ng dn kh t sn xut di 170 dm (272km), ng knh 16 inch (406mm) sn xut ng ng dn kh c xy dng trong 86 ngy o Bow, Canada, xy dng n tr thnh mt trong nhng ng ng dn du kh di nht Bc M. Page 11 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 12. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDn cui nhng nm 1920 nh my lc du chnh c kh nng ch bin t80.000 n125.000 thng du mi ngy, p ng nhu cu nng lng tng rt ln(v d, t nm 1910 n1920 s lng xe hi v xe ti trn ng b M tng t tnht 500.000 n hn 9 triu). Trong nhng nm 1920, b thc y bi s tng trngca ngnh cng nghip t, tng s dm ng ng dn du ca M tng ln trn115.000 dm (184.000 km). Hnh 5: Nhu cu nhin liu cho xe t tng khuyn khch cc ng ngc xy dng vo u nhng nm 1900.Thay i trong k thut ng ng ln tip theo l xy dng ng ng di,ng knh ln: i tin phong l nc M trong nhng nm 1940 do nhu cu nnglng ca Chin tranh th gii th hai. Trong sut nhng nm 1950 v 1960, hngngn dm ng ng dn kh t nhin c xy dng trn khp nc M cng nhnhu cu cc loi nng lng ny ang tng.Chin tranh th gii th hai cng buc phi i mi cng ngh ng ng dn:nm 1944, Pluto (Sao Dim Vng) ",ng ng di i dng bt u. Dn ny l xy dng ng ng dn du di knh o Anh gia Anh v Php, cungcp nhin liu quan trng t Anh sang cho lc lng ng minh Php. Nhng ngng dn cp vi ng knh nh (khong 75mm) t tng cng 500 dm (800km),v vn chuyn c khong 1.000.000 gallon (~4.000.000 lt) nhin liu mi ngy quakhp cc knh: mt iu ng kinh ngc ! Page 12 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 13. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 6: ng ng dn du ng di bt u c xy dng vo gia nhngnm 1900 NG NG DN NGY NAYNgun li kinh doanh du v kh t l rt ln, v n s tr nn ngy cng lnhn : Cc Qun L Thng Tin Nng Lng Hoa K thuc Cc Nng lng Th gii d on nhin liu ha thch s vn l ngun nng lng chnh, p ng hn 90% s gia tng nhu cu nng lng trong tng lai. Nhu cu du ton cu s tng khong 1,6% mi nm, t 75 triu thng du mi ngy (mb / d) vo nm 2000 ln 120 thng/ ngy vo nm 2030. Nhu cu i vi kh thin nhin s tng mnh hn so vi bt k nhin liu ha thch khc: lng kh tiu th s tng gp i t nay n nm 2030.Exxon Mobil, cng ty du m ln nht cng b (thng 1 nm 2006) li nhunt 36 t la, ln nht t trc ti gi bi mt cng ty nim yt. Trong thng 2 nm2006, Shell cng b li nhun k lc ca mt cng ty Anh: 23 t la. Nhng linhun ny d kin s tip tc trong tng lai gn, khi m gi mt thng du tip tctng cao k lc trn 60/ thng. h tr s tng trng ca nhu cu nng lng, ng ng c s h tng pht trin bi mt yu t ca 100 trong khong 50 nm. N c c tnh rngng ng m rng th gii c th ln n khong 7% mi nm trong vng 15 nm Page 13 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 14. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDti. iu ny c ngha l 8000km/nm ng ng ang c xy dng ch ring M,vi chi ph khong 8 t la/nm.Hnh 7: ng ng dn mi vi ng knh ln c m rng Trn th gii, mi nm c 32. 000 km ng ng mi c xy dng: y lmt thng v tr gi 28 t la,v 50% trong s c d kin xy Bc v Nam M.Ngoi ra, mi nm 8.000 km ng ng vn chuyn ra nc ngoi c xy dng: yl thng v tr gi 5 t la vi 60% l Ty Bc Chu u, Chu Thi Bnh Dngv Vnh Mexico. Tng chiu di ca ng ng truyn dn p lc cao trn khp th gii cc tnh vo khong 3.500.000 km . c chia ra l:64% vn chuyn kh t nhin;19% vn chuyn cc sn phm du kh;17% vn chuyn du th.Page 14 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 15. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDVn chuyn kh t nhinVn chuyn cc sn phm du kh Vn chuyn du th17% 19%64%Hnh 8: ng ng dn du mi c xy dng khp ni trn th gii p ngnhucu v du v kh tPage 15 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 16. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDCc h thng ng dn ny rt khng l c th rt ln, v d, nu bn ko di hthng ng ng ca Canada n s di hn 17 ln chu vi Tri t ! Ti M, ccng ng dn du v h thng ng ng dn kh bao gm: Truyn dn kh trn t lin 295.000 dm (472.000 km); Truyn dn kh ngoi khi6.000 dm (10.000 km); Thu kh t trn t lin21.000 dm (34.000 km); Thu kh t ngoi khi 6.000 dm (10.000 km); ng truyn cht lng 157.000 dm (251.000 km). 500000 450000 400000Truyn dn kh trn t lin 350000 Truyn dn kh ngoi 300000khi 250000Thu kh t trn t lin 200000 150000Thu kh t ngoi khi 10000050000ng truyn cht lng01 Hnh 9: di cc loi ng ng(Danh sch ny b qua 1.000.000 dm (1.600.000 km) ng ng phn phi kh psut thp M, v cc ng ng vn chuyn nc, thot nc, dn bn, vv.)HIn ti trn th gii c rt nhiu loi ng ng dn. Cc loi ng ng dndu v kh t c th c tm tt nh sau: Page 16 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 17. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Hnh 10: Phn loi ng ngCc ng ng ny c lm t thp cht lng cao (ng ng thp), xydng bng nhng phng php k thut tt v c ch to bng cc phng phppht trin qua nhiu thp k.Hnh 11:Hin nay c 100.000 km ng ng vn chuyn nng lng trn ton th gii.Page 17 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 18. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Bn mt s h thng ng ng trn th gii(Theohttp://www.theodora.com)Ti Anh : Hnh 12: S ng ng ti AnhPage 18 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 19. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDTi Nga (bao gm c Lin X c):Hnh 13: S ng ng ti Lin X cTi M :Hnh 14: S ng ng ti MPage 19 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 20. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Ti khu vc ng Nam : Hnh 15: S ng ng ti ng Nam TI SAO CHNG TA NN QUAN TM V CC NG NG DN ? Chng ta da vo ng ng cung cp cho nhu cu nng lng ca chngta, nhng tt c mi ngi l u l cc bn lin quan trong vn chuyn du v kh: Bn vn hnh ng ng dn (vn chuyn) mun c mt ngun cung cp, an ton v ng tin cy vi li nhun hp l; Mi ngi (ngi tiu dng) mun xng du, kh thin nhin gi r .v.v.,ngun cung cp ng tin cy v an ton hn ch ti thiu v nhim mi trng; Page 20 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 21. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Ch hng (sn xut) mong mun mt ngun cung cp v vn chuyn gi r, ng tin cy v c li nhun hp l; Pha qun l mong mun c mt th trng cng bng v cnh tranh; Pha chnh ph mong mun s an ton, thn thin vi mi trng, giao hng tn ni; Nhm vn ng (tp trung vo cc kha cnh mi trng, vn ha, ...) thu ht mi quan tm ca mi ngi.v.v.Cc bn lin quan c nhiu im khc nhau, v thng cnh tranh, i hi lnnhau (v d nh cng ty ng ng dn mun chi ph vn chuyn cao, trong khi ccch hng mun chi ph vn chuyn thp), v trong chnh h (khch hng mun c mtsn phm gi r, nhng giao hng mt cch an ton v ng tin cy).Hnh 16: ng ng l c s h tng giao thng vn ti quan trng.H thng ng ng dn hin l cc c s h tng giao thng vn ti quantrngca hu ht cc nc ( M, cc ng ng dn kh c xem l "c s h tngquan trng" ca B An ninh Ni a, bi chng cung cp khong 2/3 nhu cu nnglng ca nc M), v cn thit cho tt c tiu chun ca cuc sng v nn kinh t.Tng lai cho nhng ng ng dn l xn ln nhng cng y th thch. Chng stip tc vn chuyn lng ln cc ngun nng lng chnh , nhng cc k s cn phim bo cho chng vn chuyn mt cch an ton v bo m.Page 21 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 22. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 17: Cc hng mc cng trnh ng ng bin. Page 22 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 23. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD1.1.2 Ti Vit NamS hnh thnh v pht trin ca ngnh kh Vit Nam bt u t nhng nm 70ca th k trc. Sau ngy t nc thng nht, thng 7/1976, ti vng trng sngHng, vi s hp tc ca cc chuyn gia v k thut Lin X, ging khoan s 61, su2.400m pht hin kh thin nhin Tin Hi, Thi Bnh.Thm lc a v vng c quyn kinh t ca Vit Nam c din tch hng trmngn km2. Nhiu b trm tch k Tam nh Sng Hng, Ph Khnh, Cu Long, NamCn Sn, vng bin Ty-Nam, cc qun o Trng Sa v Hong Sa c nghincu.Hnh 18: Cc bn trng cha du kh Vit Nam Nm nm sau, nm 1981, dng kh cng nghip u tin ca t nc ckhai thc pht in v lm nhin liu khai sinh Khu Cng nghip Tin Hi, Thi Bnh.Tuy nhin, sn lng kh thin nhin Tin Hi khi ht sc khim tn, ch khong 22-24 triu m3/nm v c s dng ch yu cho cng nghip a phng tnh Thi Bnh sn xut gm s, thy tinh, vt liu xy dng (khong 8-9 triu m3/nm) v in(khong 14-15 triu m3/nm). Page 23 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 24. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Do , mc nh hng ca ngun kh ny ti s pht trin ca t nc lrt hn ch v phi n rt lu sau ny, khi ngun kh ng hnh c dn vo b thngnh cng nghip Kh Vit Nam mi tht s tng tc pht trin, ng gp mt phnquan trng vo c cu kinh t nng lng ca quc gia.Cng vi vic k kt Hip nh Hp tc v Thm d v Khai thc Du kh giaVit Nam v Lin X thng 6/1981 c k kt, X nghip Lin doanh Du kh Vit X c hnh thnh vi mc ch tin hnh thm d, khai thc du kh mt s lthm lc a pha nam Vit Nam. Tip sau , mt chng trnh xy dng c s vtcht s ca ngnh Du kh c trin khai tch cc c trn bin v trn b ti VngTu. Tuyn ng ng u tin c lp t bi lin doanh du kh Vietsov Petro khixy dng m Bch H. M Bch H l m ln nht Vit Nam v cng l m Vit Namtrc tip tham gia khai thc. M nm pha nam thm lc a Vit Nam nm trong l09-1 thuc b trm tch Cu Long cch thnh ph Vng Tu 120 km. Hnh 19: V tr m Bch H n thng 6/1986, tn du thng mi u tin chnh thc c khai thc tm Bch H. Song song vi qu trnh khai thc du, mt lng kh ng hnh ng k phunln t cc ging khoan du thuc m Bch H cng b t b ti cc gin khoanbin do cha c h thng ng ng dn kh vo b. Page 24 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 25. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDng trc tnh hnh ny, mt k hoch tng th v s dng kh ng hnhBch H c Tng Cng ty Du kh Vit Nam khn trng son tho vi s t vnca nh thu Canada SNC Lavalin, bao gm h thng ng ng thu gom v vnchuyn kh, gin nn kh, nh my x l kh, kho cha v cng xut sn phm lng, cctrm phn phi kh, vi tng vn u t khong 600 triu USD.Trn c s quy hoch tng th v s dng dng kh c Chnh ph ph duytnm 1993, D n a nhanh kh vo b (Fast track) vi cc cu hnh ti thiu cnh thu Huyndai nhanh chng trin khai. Ngy 26/4/1995, h thng ng ng dnkh Bch H Long Hi Dinh C B Ra di 124km, 16inch, cng sut thit k 2 tm3 kh/nm c hon thnh xy dng, a vo vn hnh t vin gch u tincho nn cng nghip kh non tr ca t nc v cng k t y, ngnh Du kh VitNam chnh thc bc sang mt chng mi.Cng vi vic hon thnh gin nn kh nh, gin nn kh ln Bch H v mrng h thng ng ng dn kh trn b, cng sut a kh vo b c nng dnln 2 triu m3/ngy m vo ngy 25/2/1997 v 3 triu m3/ngy m vo ngy14/12/1997 cp cho cc Nh my in Ph M 2.1 v 2.1 m rng.Page 25 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 26. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Hnh 20 : Cc h thng ng ng khu vc Nam B Tip sau , Nh my x l Kh Dinh C, Kho cha v Cng xut Th Vi hon thnh vo cui nm 1998, y l mt s kin c ngha to ln v mt k thut,kinh t v x hi. Ngoi vic a sn lng cung cp kh ln 4 triu m3/ngy m, nhPage 26 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 27. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDmy cn cung cp mi nm 150 nghn tn condensate, 300 nghn tn kh ha lng phcv nhu cu trong nc.ng thi, ng ng dn kh di 45km t m Rng ng v m Bch H hon thnh vo cui thng 11/2001, a thm 1 triu m3 kh/ngy m ca mRng ng v m Bch H, nng cng sut ca D n kh ng hnh m Bch H t4,7 triu m3/ngy m ln 5,7 triu m3/ngy m, gp phn tng sn lng cung cpkh.Hin nay, ton b D n kh Bch H ang c vn hnh v khai thc mt cchhon chnh, ng b v t hiu qu cao.Tip theo thnh cng ca D n kh Bch H, thng 12/2002, D n kh NamCn Sn 1 d n kh thin nhin u tin c hon thnh, minh chng cho spht trin vng chc v n nh ngnh cng nghip Kh, gp phn tha mn ti a nhucu ngy cng tng v kh v cc sn phm kh ca t nc. D n thu gom v sdng kh b Nam Cn Sn vi s tham gia ca cc i tc nc ngoi l nhng tpon du kh a quc gia ln nht trn th gii nh BP v ConocoPhillips, c tng vnu t gn 600 triu USD, cng sut 7 t m3 kh/nm, bao gm h thng ng ng ditrn 400km,kch thc ng ng ngoi bin t Lan Ty Dinh C l 26inch, ANSI1500, p sut thit k 171 barg, p sut vn hnh l 157 barg chiu di 362km. ngng trn b c kch thc l 30 inch, cp p sut thit k l ANSI 600 lb, p sut thitk l 84 barg, p sut vn hnh l 60 barg vn chuyn kh t nhin t Lan Ty - LongHi - Ph M p sut thit k giai on 1 l 157 bar, giai on 2 nng ln 180bar cngsut thit k khong 7,0 t m3 kh/nm thu gom kh t nhin t cc m Lan Ty, Lan, Rng i, Rng i Ty hin ang cung cp khong 20 triu m3 kh/ngy choTrung tm nhit in Ph M. Ngoi ra, nh my Nam Cn Sn Terminal thu hi v nnh khong 900-1000 tn Condensate/ ngy cung cp cho Nh my ch binCondensat Th Vi . Trm x l kh Dinh C, Trung tm Phn phi kh Ph M, ngng Ph M TP HCMtip nhn, vn chuyn kh t b Nam Cn Sn cung cp chocc nh my in, cc khu cng nghip B Ra Vng Tu, ng Nai, TP HCM.Page 27 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 28. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 21 : Tnh hnh khai thc du kh t 1989-2004 v sn lng d kin ti nm 2010[Ghi ch Hnh 1( Ngun PetroVietnam): mu - sn lng kh (n v : t feet khi);mu xanh - sn lng du (n v : triu thng) ; 1feet khi ~ 0, 01 m3 ; 1 thng ~ 0,14tn Gas BCF Gas Billion Cubic Feet ; Oil MMbbls = Oil Million barrels ] Thng 4/2007, D n kh PM3-C Mau chnh thc hon thnh, cung cp kh chod n Nh my in C Mau 1, C Mau 2 vi tng cng sut 1.500MW bng ngng di trn 300km. D n c tng vn u t trn 214 triu USD v cng sut 2 t m3kh/nm. H thng ng ng dn kh PM3 - C Mau 18 inch (di 298 km ngoi khi &27 km trongb) vi cng sut thit k 2,0 t m3 kh / nm hin ang nhn kh t mPM3 (Khu vc chng ln vi Malaixia) thuc b Malay-Th chu, cung cp khong 4,5triu m3 kh/ngy cho cc nh my in C Mau 1, 2 v sp ti s cung cp khong 1,4triu m3 kh/ngy cho nh my m C Mau. Trong tng lai ng ng s c sdng tip nhn v vn chuyn kh t cc m PM3-CAA- L 46 Ci Nc, Hoa Mai,Sng c vi h s Ph ti (Swing Factor) 10% trong kh t m PM3 c hm lngCO2 l 8%. D n ny nh du bc khi u cho vic hnh thnh v pht trinca cm cng trnh Kh in m ti khu vc Ty Nam B.Trong nhng nm ti, Tp on Du kh Vit Nam xc nh Tm nhn chinlc cho vic pht trin ngnh cng nghip Kh Vit Nam theo hng tng tc, tPage 28 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 29. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDph, m bo an ton, cht lng, hiu qu; gp phn m bo an ninh nng lngcho t nc v m bo ngun cung n nh, lu di v kh v cc sn phm kh;phn u giai on 2011-2015: Tc tng trng doanh thu t ngnh cng nghipKh l 18-20%/nm, a ngnh cng nghip Kh Vit Nam tr thnh ngnh kinh t kthut quan trng trong nn kinh t t nc.Trn c s Quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh cng nghip Kh Vit Nam n2015, nh hng 2025 c Th tng ph duyt ti Quyt nh s 459/Q-TTgngy 30/3/2011, vi mc tiu sn lng kh cung cp t 15 t m3 kh vo nm 2015,Tp on Du kh Vit Nam ang tch cc trin khai ng b cc d n t thngngun, trung ngun ti h ngun ti khu vc Nam B, trong phi k ti d n khaithc kh ngoi khi nh L B&52, Hi Thch Mc Tinh, Thin ng Mng Cu; Dn ng ng dn kh L B mn, Nam Cn Sn 2; D n Nh my Ch bin kh tiC Mau & Ph M cng cc d n thu gom kh Hi S en Hi S Trng, T GicTrng Vic trin khai xy dng h thng ng ng chnh Nam Cn Sn 2 v L B Mn l mt bc quan trng trong qu trnh hon thin c s h tng kh khu vcNam B. H thng ng ng dn kh L B Mn c tng chiu di gn 400km,trong tuyn ng trn bin di khong 246km ng knh 28inch, tuyn ng trn bdi khong 152km kch thc 30inch. Tuyn ng i ngang qua a bn thnh ph CnTh v 4 tnh Hu Giang, Kin Giang, Bc Liu, C Mau. Vi cng sut vn chuyn kht 18,3 triu m3 kh/ngy (6,4 t m3/nm), mc tiu ca D n nhm vn chuyn kht nhin t cc L B & 48/95 v 52/97 thuc vng bin Ty Nam Vit Nam cung cpkh nhin liu cho cc nh my in ti Trung tm in lc Mn, Tr Nc ca CnTh (tng cng sut 3.000MW) v b sung kh cho trung tm phn phi kh C Mau.Tp on Du kh Vit Nam cng ang nghin cu xy dng h thng ngng dn kh kt ni ng Ty Nam B. ng ng c chiu di khong 143km, ktni cc h thng ng ng dn kh khu vc ng Nam B v Ty Nam B t HipPhc TP.HCM n Mn Cn Th. H thng ng ng kt ni ng TyNam B c nhim v cn i nhu cu v nng lng kh ca Vit Nam trong tng lai .Page 29 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 30. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD1.2 TM HIU TI1.2.1 Tng quan v khu m Hi S en Hi S Trng (HSD-HST) Theo cc nh a cht du kh, ti khu vc bn trng Cu Long rng 60.000km2nm trn thm lc a pha Nam Vit Nam c tr lng du c d bo ln ti 700 -800 triu m3. Hin nay, ngoi 7 m chnh ang khai thc l Bch H, Rng, HngNgc, Rng ng, S T en, S T Vng, C Ng Vng cn c 16 d n du khcng vi hng lot m mi c pht hin bin ni y tr thnh khu vc thm d,khai thc trng yu ca Tp on Du kh Quc gia Vit Nam (PetroVietnam v ccn v thnh vin), trong c Cng ty iu hnh chung Thng Long (gi tt l ThngLong JOC).Cng ty iu hnh chung Thng Long c thnh lp vo ngy 26/5/2005vi s tham gia 60% c phn ca TALISMAN (Canaa) v 40% c phn ca Tngcng ty Thm d Khai thc Du kh (PVEP). M HSD - HST nm cch Vng Tu khong 80km v hng ng thuc khu vcbn trng Cu Long do Cng ty iu hnh chung Thng Long trc tip m nhim mihot ng thm d v khai thc. M HSD HST nm trn Block 15-2/01.Hnh 21 : V tr Block 15-2/01 Page 30 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 31. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Hnh 22 : V tr m HSD HSTPage 31 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 32. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Trc y l 15 - 02/1 c nh gi l trin vng thp, y ri ro v c 2nh thu du kh tht bi sau khi tin hnh khoan 5 ging nhng khng thnh cng.Sau hn 3 nm i vo hot ng, i ng cn b cng nhn vin Vit Nam ThngLong JOC cng i tc nc ngoi tin hnh thm d cun chiu thu n a chn 3Dtrn hng chc ngn km2. Thng Long JOC pht hin ra 3 m to cha du kh,trong c 2 m ln l m Hi S Trng v m Hi S en. Vic pht hin ra m HiS Trng vo thng 12/2006 vi lu lng th va tng cng khong 15.000 thngdu/ngy m (1 thng du = 158,97 lt. C 7 thng (barrel) du th c 1 tn.). Nm2008-2009, sau khi khoan thm d 5 ging m Hi S en, trong c ging khoanHSD- IX pht hin vo thng 1/2008 vi lu lng th va tng cng khong 21.000thng du/ngy m.Cui nm 2011 hai m du Hi S Trng v Hi S en i vo khai thc vi snlng ban u 50.000 thng du/ngy m, s tng dn v vt qua mc 100.000thng du/ngy m trong cc nm tip theo s gp phn duy tr v tng trng snlng khai thc du kh, m bo an ninh nng lng quc gia. Bn cnh , du th m Hi S en theo bc u phn tch c c tnh gn ging vi m du Bch Hnn c th l ngun cung cp du th quan trng cho Nh my lc du Dung Qut -Qung Ngi, gp phn gii quyt c phn no bi ton nguyn liu sn xut cangnh du kh Vit Nam.1.2.2 Quy hoch m1.2.2.1Nhng cn c qui hoch m Qui hoch m ph thuc tr lng m v vic la chn cng ngh khai thc, t tnh ton s lng cng trnh khai thc ti t v sn lng ti u (thng du/ngy) m bo cng tc khai thc t hiu qu cao nht. Cn c qui hoch m: Tr lng m. H s thu hi, phn b sn lng theo i m. Nhu cu th trng. Nhu cu khai thc ca ch u t.Cn c cc nhu cu khai thc, phn phi sn phm khc thc xc nh s lng dn khoan (dn cng ngh, dn khoan khai thc), b cha ni (cha du trc khi xut), h thng ng ng (phn phi hoc thu gon t cc dn nh)1.2.2.2Nhng yu cu thit k, quy hoch h thng khai thc m Page 32 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 33. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDKhu khai thc du kh cn c xem nh mt t hp cng ngh ng nht, mbo thu nhn c sn phm c cht lng t yu cu vi chi ph cho khai thc, thugom x l v vn chuyn sn phm ti thiu. H thng ny bao gm cc quy trnh cngngh: Thu gom, vn chuyn v o cc sn phm cc ging khai thc trn m. Tch s b cc sn phm t cc ging. X l du. X l nc thi v cc loi khc cho h thng duy tr p sut v. Tip nhn v o lng du. X l kh. Cc cng trnh cng ngh thu gom v vn chuyn sn phm ca cc ging cnphi : o c sn phm khai thc. Phn b cc dng du theo cc tnh cht l ho v theo cng ngh vnchuyn. kn ca h thng thu gom v vn chuyn du kh phi m bo trnhtht thot v phi m bo khng b nhim mi trng. S dng cch thng ng ng chuyn dng tch pha cc sn phm. Tnh ton kh theo hng s dng.1.2.2.3Nhng yu cu c bn thit k, xy dng, khai thc h thng thu gom: S cng ngh cn phi chn thch hp vi cc iu kin kh hu, ahnh a cht vng m, ng thi phi ph hp vi cc tnh cht l ho,lu din ca cc sn phm khai thc c. Cc thit b cng ngh: bm, nn kh, o, tch phi c kh nng citin c Cc h thng thu gom cn phi c kh nng xy dng mi, ci to, sacha nhanh v kinh t. C th thay i cc thng s trong quy trnh cngngh sao cho ph hp vi s thay i trong qu trnh khai thc. Cc h thng thu gom cn phi cho php thc hin ng thi vic tchpha kh v pha lng. Trong h thng thu gom cn phi xt n kh nng qu ti ca mt sng ng cng ngh. Do an ton trong nhng giai on khai thckhc nhau cn phi thit k cc ng ng chnh vi h s n =1,5 theocng sut. ng ng ca h thng thu gom cn phi c nhng on d Page 33 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 34. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDb, nhng ng vng khp kn thay i dng i theo nhng hngkhc nhau.1.2.2.3 S quy hoch mQui hoch m gm cc hng mc sau: Mt gin u ging (A Well Head Platform (WHP)) t m HSD Mt gin u ging phn chia(A Well Head Separation Platform(WHSP)) t m HST Thit b ni ti T Gic Trng (TGT) ca Hong Long JOC H thng ng ng kt ni di bin.Hnh 23 : S h thng khai thc m HSD HSTPage 34 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 35. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD1.2.3 Gii thiu cc cng trnh trong m HSD HST(Block15-02/01)Hnh 24: S pht trin m HSD-HST Hin ti khu m block 15-02/01 c h thng ng ng ngm v cc dn nhsau: Mt gin u ging (WHP) HSD. Mt gin u ging (WHP) HST. C lin quan cng ngh ti h thng m HSD-HST m Thng Long JOCang khai thc chnh l gin u ging H1, b cha rt du FPSO, hthng phn phi cui ng ng-Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) chuyndu v Bch H v FPSO, (nh trn hnh 14). Phn ny nm trn khu mT Gic Trng.(Ghi ch: M T Gic Trng thuc L 16-1, thm lc a Vit Nam cch thnh ph VngTu khong 100 km v hng ng Nam . K hoch pht trin m T Gic Trng gmmt tu cha v x l du kh FPSO v 2 cm gin u ging (H1 v H4). Ngoi ra cnc h thng ng ng ngm ni m vn chuyn du, kh, nc bm p. Ch ut m l Cng ty lin doanh iu hnh Hong Long, gm: Tng cng ty Thm d Khaithc du kh Vit Nam, Cng ty Soco ca Vng quc Anh, Cng ty PTTEP ca Thi Page 35 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 36. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDLan v Cng ty OPECO ca Hoa K.Cng ty lin doanh iu hnh Hong Long(HLJOC) hon tt h thy phn chn gin u ging H1, H4, khi thng tngH1 ti cng dch v PTSC (thnh ph Vng Tu) vo thng 4/2011 v ngy 11/6 tinhnh l khi hnh tu FPSO Armada T Gic Trng 01 t cng Keppel ShipYardSingapore v Vit Nam. M T Gic Trng s c a vo hot ng, n dngdu u tin vo thng 8/2011 t cc ging khai thc thuc cm gin u ging H1) H thng ng ng ni gia HSD HST TGT-H1Hnh 25: S cc tuyn ng trong m HSD-HDT Su (6) loi Risers v h thng ni trong HST: ng ng sn phm v ng ni (Tie-in Spool)10-inch (ng ng HSD ti HST) ng nc p va ng (Water Injection Riser) v ng ni 6-inch (ng ng HST ti HSD) ng ng ng Gas Lift v ng ni6-inch (ng ng HST ti HSD) ng ng ng sn phm v ng ni 16-inch (ng ng HST ti TGT-H1)Page 36 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 37. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD ng ng ng nc p va v ng ni 8-inch (ng ng TGT-H1 ti HST) ng ng ng Gas Lift v ng ni6-inch ( ng ng TGT-H1 ti HST)Ba (3) loi ng ni trn TGT-H1: ng ni sn phm 16-inch (ng ng HST ti TGT-H1) ng ni nc p lc 8-inch (ng ng TGT-H1 ti HST) ng ni Gas Lift 6-inch (ng ng TGT-H1 ti HST)Ba (3) loi ng ng v ng ni trn HSD: ng ng sn phm 10-inch v ng ni (ng ng HSD ti HST) ng nc p va v ng ni 6-inch (ng ng HST ti HSD) ng ng Gas Lift v ng ni 6-inch (ng ng HST ti HSD)Ba (3) loi ng ng lin kt gia HST v TGT-H1: ng ng sn phm 16-inch t HST ti TGT-H1 ng ng nc p va 8-inch t TGT-H1 ti HST ng ng Gas Lift 6-inch t TGT-H1 ti HSTBa (3) loi ng ng lin kt gia HST v HSD: ng ng thnh phm 10-inch t HSD ti HST ng ng nc p va 6-inch t HST ti HSD ng ng Gas Lift 6-inch t HST ti HSD1.2.4 Cng ngh khai thc du kh m Hi S en Hi S Trng1.2.4.1Cc khu trong qu trnh khai thc du kh Cng ngh khai thc du kh trn th gii ni chung, vit nam v m HSD HST ni ring u phi trai qua ba cng on sau y:Giai on 2 Giai on 1 -Khai thcGiai on 3-Kho st -Vn chuyn -Phn phi-Thm d -Cha ng Page 37 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 38. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Giai on 1:L giai on kho st v thm d du kh, bng cc phng php k thut ngita c th xc nh c chnh xc ni no c du v tr lng l bao nhiu. T ngi ta i n quyt nh c khai thc hay khng, nu tr lng ln khai thcth ti cc cng trnh khai thc du kh nh cc h thng gin khoan v h thngng ng s c xy dng. Giai on 2: giai on ny cc sn phm s c khai thc v vn chuyn n nhng nix l nh cc gin trung tm, cc gin cng ngh,hoc chng c a n cc bcha thng qua h thng ng ng. giai on khai thc n s c phn thnh haithi k khai thc khc nhau l: Thi k khai thc s cp l thi k u khi m p lc ging l ln y sn phm du kh ln n ni ch bin. Thi k khai thc th cp l thi k m ging khng cn p lc ysn phm du kh n ni ch bin.Nhng tr lng ca n vn cn khln c th vn tip tc khai thc c.Khi ngi ta s dng cng nghbm nc p va vi p lc mnh xung ging tip tc khai thc. Giai on 3: giai on ny cc sn phm du m sau khi c ch bin n s ca n nhng trung tm tiu th nh nhng trm dt du khng bn hoc l nhngcng du nh h thng ng ng.1.2.4.2 Cng ngh khai thc du kh M Hi S en Hi S Trng Hin ti, trong qu trnh khai thc du kh Hi S en Hi S Trng, ThngLong JOC ang s dng cc gin u ging c th khoan-khai thc v x l s b snphm du kh thu c.ng thi kt hp vi s h tr khoan ca tu khoan hoc ginkhoan t nng .Tt c cc u ging u c t trn gin. Cht lng t gin uging (Well Head Platform) HSD c chuyn n HST thng qua ng ng dibin. Gin u ging/phn chia trn dn HST l trung tm cho s pht trin caThanglong JOC (TLJOC) Block 15-2. Tt c cht lng ca HSD v HST c chuynqua tuyn qua gin HST. Ti HST, cht lng v kh c tch ra nhm mc ch olng phn b thng mi (commercial allocation metering). Sau c cht lng vPage 38 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 39. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDcht kh c chuyn ti gin T Gic Trng H1 (TGT). Ti gin TGT H1, cht lng caHSD v HST cng vi cht lng ca dn TGT H1 c gi ti TGT H1 FPSO s l.Kh nn v nc p va c cung cp bi TGT FPSO ti gin HSD v HST. Hnh 26: S khu m HSD-HSTTrong giai on khai thc s cp thu hi c khong 30% tr lng ca m. Trong giai on khai thc th cp chng ta c th thu hi thm khong 12-15%tr lng ca m.Trong giai on ny cn xy dng h thng ng ng dn nc pva v gaslift vi kh nng chu p lc cao( ln ti hng trm atm),cng nh h thngmy bm p lc cao.Hin ti m HSD HST mi c a vo khai thc.Page 39 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 40. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD1.2.5 Mc tiu v nhim v thit k1.2.5.1 Mc tiu thit k Cn c vo s liu kho st a hnh , a cht thu thp c la chntuyn ng t HSD - HST, Block 15-02/01, Thng Long JOC sao cho kh thi ,vi githnh thp nht m vn m bo c cc ch tiu k thut. La chn tuyn ng hp ls em li hiu qu kinh t, tng an ton cho tuyn ng trong qu trnh thi cng cngnh qu trnh khai thc lu di.1.2.5.2Nhim v thit k Tnh ton thit k tuyn ng dn gas lift Hi S Trng Hi S en, block15-02/01. Khong cch 8884 m,D=168.3 mm.p sut thit k 24 Mpa, nhit thit k 60oC. Xc nh tuyn ng cn thit k: ng i, chiu di... Xem xt cc kh nng ni mng cho h thng tuyn ng cho tng lai. Xc nh dy ng ng v cc thit b cn thit cho h thng ng ng Tnh ton v kim tra iu kin bn v n nh cho h thng ng ngtrongmi iu kin bt li. Xc nh nh gi nhp treo cho php i vi tuyn ng khi dc tuyn c sbin i phc tp ca a hnh v iu kin phc tp ca a cht hi vn. Tnh ton, thit k chng n mn ng ng. Tnh ton gin n ng ng. Tnh ton tnh, ng cho Riser. Gii thiu cc bin php thi cng, t phn tch la chn phng n thicng, ch to cho tuyn ng. Kim tra h thng ng ng trc khi a vo vn hnh.Page 40 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 41. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDCHNG II :S LIU V PHN TCH S LIU PHC V THIT K2.1S liu sng theo cc tn sut khc nhau2.1.1 Chiu cao sng ng k Hsv chu k sngTs vi tn sut cc nm theo cchng sng c nh. Bng 1TnGi tr NNE ESE S SW W NW sut(Nm) Hs(m) 5.8 8.7 4.8 3.3 4.36.3 4.84.9100Ts(sec)8.710.6 8.9 7.4 8.18.9 8.58.6 Hs(m) 4.9 8.3 4.3 2.9 3.85.8 4.44.350Ts(sec)7.810.1 8.2 6.8 7.68.7 7.97.8 Hs(m) 4.0 7.9 3.9 2.5 3.25.2 4.13.725Ts(sec)7.0 9.4 7.5 6.2 6.98.3 7.47.1 Hs(m) 2.9 7.4 3.3 2.1 2.74.7 3.73.010Ts(sec)6.0 8.8 6.7 5.6 6.37.9 6.76.2 Hs(m) 2.2 7.0 2.9 1.7 2.24.2 3.42.6 5Ts(sec)5.4 8.3 6.2 5.1 5.87.36.2 5.62.1.2 Ch sng Chiu cao sng ln nht quan trc c trn m HSD HST l 10.5m, ngvi chu k 16 giy. Him khi nhn thy nhng con sng ln hn 3m trong khong thigian chuyn tip gi m. Vo ma gi Ty-Nam hot ng th nhng con sng iu hotr nn mnh hn. Chiu cao sng ln nht trong thng 7, 8 c th t ti 6m hoc lnhn.Ch sng ti khu vc xy dng cng trnh ch yu ph thuc vo ch githi. Trong thi k gi ma ng-Bc bin c sng mnh, xy ra lin tc, thng c gixoy v bo. Bo thng tp trung t thng 6 n thng 10 hng nm, do vy ch sng ln r rt trong thi k ny. Trong thi k gi ma ng-Bc sng theo hngng-Bc c chiu cao cc i t ti 6,5 (m) v c th ln hn.Page 41 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 42. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Trong thi k gi ma Ty-Nam, sng theo hng Ty-Nam c chiu cao cc i cth vt qua 6 (m). Ch sng c m t bi hai thng s chnh l chiu cao sng v chu ksng, c xc nh cho 8 hng sng ch o l: Bc (N), ng-Bc (NE),ng (E), ng-Nam (SE), Nam (S), Ty-Nam (SW), Ty (W), Ty-Bc (NW). Cc thng s sng cc hng khc c tnh bng cch ni suy tuyn tnh tcc hng ln cn. Cc thng s sng c thng k vi tn sut xut hin l: 100, 50, 25, 10, 5,nm v c th hin trong Bng 1.2.1.3 Phn tch s liuNhn vo bng 1 ta thy chiu cao sng(Hs) v chu k sng(Ts) theo 8 hngsng c nh ng vi tn sut xut hin 100 nm v 50 nm l ln nht.Tn Gi trN NEE SE S SWWNW sut(Nm) Hs(m) 5.88.7 4.8 3.3 4.36.34.8 4.9 100Ts(sec)8.7 10.6 8.9 7.4 8.18.98.5 8.6 Hs max theo hng ng bc NE =8.7m, tip n l hng ty nam SW=6.3m.Ts max theo hng NE=10.6s ,tip n l hng ng(E) v ty nam SW=8.9s.Tn Gi trN NEE SE S SWWNW sut(Nm) Hs(m) 4.98.3 4.3 2.9 3.85.84.4 4.3 50Ts(sec)7.8 10.1 8.2 6.8 7.68.77.9 7.8Hs max theo hng ng bc NE =8.3m, tip n l hng ty namSW=5.8mTs max theo hng NE=10.1s ,tip n l hng ty nam SW=8.7s.Nhn xt : Page 42 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 43. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD cao sng NE=8.7m thuc vo sng cp VIII (Sng rt mnh) trong IX cp sng( theoti liu quan trc kh tng hi vn ven b-PGS TS V Uyn Dnh)2.2 Vn tc dng chy(cm/giy)2.2.1 S liu vn tc dng chy mt ln nht v dng chy y ln nhtBng 2:Vn tc dng chy mt ln nht (cm/giy) vi tn sut cc nmtheo cc hng sng c nh.Hng sngTnN NE ESES SWWNW sut Hng dng chy ()(Nm)240 244294 566813156 134 10093183116 175 224 153200121 50 85165102 157 197 134173107 25 7714089133 173 11614794 10 6712073114 142 95 11679 5591006295121 80 95 67 12685 44846956 61 49Bng3:Vn tc dng chy y ln nht theo cc hng sng c nh Hng sngTn N NE ESESSW WNWsut Hng dng chy ()(Nm)8724776 8233876 17772 10087124119112 91 145165101 50 761091039980 12813493 25 6695 92 8769 11211584 10 5379 75 7257 92 85 72 54568 61 6148 79 65 61 13149 41 3635 57 33 34 Page 43 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 44. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDLu : Hng dng chy l hng tc ng, c ly so vi hng Bc theo chiu kim ng h. Vn tc dng chy mt c o cch mc nc trung bnh l 5m. Vn tc dng chy y c o cch y bin l 5m. Cc vn tc dng chy trung gian c tnh bng cch ni suy tuyn tnh dngchy mt v dng chy y.2.2.2 Ch dng chyDo nh hng ca thy triu v gi ma nn dng chy ti cc vng m HSD HST v ln cn ph bin phn b theo hng N-E, E-NE v E (vo cc thng 49);theo hng S-W, W-SW (vo cc thng 112).Dng chy bao gm : ch dng chymt v ch dng chy y.2.2.3 Phn tch s liuTrch dn bng 2 vi vn tc dng chy mt ng vi tn sut 100 nm v50nm l ln nht. 4 gi tr vn tc dng chy mt ln nht c nh du nh dibngHng sng Tn NNEESESSW WNW sut(Nm) Hng dng chy () 240244 29456 68 131 56 134 100 93 183 116175224153 200121 5085 165 102157197134 173107Vn tc dng chy mt ln nht theo hng bc (S)vi chu k xut hin lp li100 nm l 224cm/s. Trch dn bng 3vi vn tc dng chy mt ng vi tn sut 100nm v 50nml ln nht.4 gi tr vn tc dng chy y ln nht c nh du nh di bng. Page 44 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 45. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHng sngTnNNEESESSWW NW sut Hng dng chy ()(Nm)85 247 76 8233876177 72 100 87 124 119112 91 145 165 101 5076 109 1039980 128 134 93Vn tc dng chy y ln nht theo hng ty vi chu k xut hin lp li 100nm l 165 cm/s. Page 45 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 46. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD2.3S liu giBng 4:S liu gi khu vc m HSD HST Chu k N NE ESE SSW W NW (nm) Vn tc gi trung bnh trong thi gian 2 pht 10038.449.3 30.0 20.8 22.0 35.7 34.233.5 50 36.245.0 29.1 19.2 21.4 33.4 32.731.8 25 34.240.6 27.4 18.2 20.4 31.5 30.429.2 10 30.637.5 26.3 16.8 19.2 28.2 27.526.5 528.534.6 25.2 15.5 18.4 26.2 25.221.3 123.026.0 22.0 12.7 16.0 21.0 20.018.0 Vn tc gi trung bnh trong thi gian 1 pht 10039.750.9 31.0 21.4 22.7 36.9 35.334.6 50 37.446.5 30.1 19.8 22.1 34.5 33.832.8 25 35.341.9 28.3 18.8 21.1 32.5 31.430.2 529.435.7 26.0 16.0 19.0 27.1 26.022.0 123.826.9 22.7 13.1 16.5 21.7 20.718.6 Vn tc gi trung bnh trong thi gian 3 giy 10044.757.4 34.9 24.2 25.6 41.6 39.839 50 42.152.4 33.9 22.3 24.9 38.9 38.137.0 25 39.847.3 31.9 21.2 23.7 36.7 35.434.0 10 35.643.7 30.6 19.6 22.4 32.8 32.030.8 533.240.3 29.3 18.0 21.4 30.5 29.324.8 126.830.3 25.6 14.8 18.6 24.4 23.321.0 Ch gi:Khu vc xy dng cng trnh l khu vc chu nh hng trc tip ca gi magm c: gi ma ng - Bc (vo ma ng) v gi ma Ty - Nam (vo ma H). Gi ma ng - Bc chim u th t thng 11 ti thng 3 hng nm. Trong khong thi gian ny gi thi n nh c tc mnh v thnh hnh trong sut c ma, tc gi ln nht quan trc c l 30m/s. Cc gi tr ca vn tc gi dng cho thit k c thng k trong Bng 4Page 46 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 47. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Gi ma chuyn tip ko di t thng 4 n thng 10 hng nm. Gi thikhng n nh theo cc hng. Tc gi c o cao tiu chun 10 m so vi mc nc bin trungbnh (MSL) vi cc tn sut xy ra ln lt 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 1 nm. Tc gi o 8 hng : Bc (N), ng-Bc (NE), ng (E), ng-Nam(SE), Nam (S), Ty-Nam (SW), Ty (W), Ty-Bc (NW). Tc gi cc hng khc c xc nh bng ni suy tuyn tnh t cchng ln cn. Tc gi trung bnh c o cc mc thi gian trong: 3 giy, 1 pht v 2pht.2.4 Mc nc binGi ma, triu v bo l cc yu t c nh hng ti mc nc bin.So vi mcnc trung bnh (MSL), ta c cc thng s nh sau: Mc triu cao nht: (+) 1.03m; Mc triu thp nht:(-) 1.62m; Nc dng ln nht do sng, gi:(+) 0.87m; Nc h thp nht do gi: (-) 0.68m; Vo ma ng, mc nc cao hn MSL l :0.234m; Vo ma H, mc nc thp hn MSL l : 0.145m. su nc ti cc v tr gin c nh : HSD l 39.9m; HST l 42.6m. su nc ti a l 43m.2.5 S pht trin sinh vt binS pht trin ca sinh vt bin (h bm) c ly theo bo co kho st chovng m HSD - HST, ti cc cao khc nhau. Kt qu c th hin trong Bng 5. su nc (m) Chiu dy h bm (mm)Khi lng ring ca h bm (kg/m3) Mc nc tnh65 1400 -5 56 1400-15 47 1400-25 38 1400-35 381400y bin381400 Page 47 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 48. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Bng 6: Tnh cht nc binThng sn v Gi tro Cao nhtC 31.25Nhit nc trn b mtTrung bnh o C 27.25o Thp nht C 23.65o Cao nhtC 29.10 Nhit nc gn y binTrung bnh o C 25.95o Thp nht C 23.10 Mt Kg/m31025 dn nhitW/m.K0.612 in tr sut.cm24.6 nht ng hcm2/s1.0e-6 H s cn vn tc: Cd=0.7 H s qun tnh : Cm=3.292.6 S liu ng ngBng 7: V tr ng ng V tr Block 15-02/01 im bt u Hi S Trng im kt thc Hi S en su nc im bt u (So vi MSL)42.6m su nc im cui (So vi MSL) 39.9m su nc ti a (So vi MSL) 43m Bng 8: Thng s thit k k thut tuyn ngM tn vThng sLoi ng ng - 6 ng ng dn gasliftDng chy hng- HST-HSDng knh ngoi ngmm168.3Chiu dy mm t Page 48 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 49. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDQuy cch vt liu-API 5L X65Chiu di ng ng xp x Km 8.884 oNhit thit k C 60p sut vn hnh ln nht MPa22.0p sut thit kMPa24.0p sut kim tra thy tnh(Hydrostatic TestingMPa30.0Pressure) Bng 9: c tnh k thut vt liu ngM t n v Thng sM- un thp YoungMPa 207000H s Poisson - 0.3Khi lng ring ca thpKg/m3 7850SMYS ca thp MPa448SMTS ca thp MPa 530H s tuyn tnh m rng1/oC1.17E-5H s dn nhitW/mK0.612 Bng 10: Cc thng s khc M t n vThng sKhi lng ring ca bKg/m3 3043tngKhi lng ring ca hKg/m3 1300bmKhi lng ring ca sn Kg/m3 1400Khi lng ring ca ncKg/m3 1025binSai s chiu dy do ch to% -5 10 Page 49 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 50. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD2.7 a hnh y bin2.7.1 Mc ch ca vic thu thp s liu v phn tch s liu a cht. Vic kho st v thu thp s liu a cht gip ta c c nhng kt qutin cy t lm c s tnh ton tm c tn cc lp t vtnh cht c l ca n,t lm c s la chn phng n tuyn ngv bin php thi cng thch hp. Phn tch s liu gip ta nh gi c tnh cht ca a cht trn tng phnon ng,qua nh gi c vng no t tt vng no t xu t ta ch phitp trung vo khu vc c a hnh v a cht xu khc phc nhanh v a raphng n ti u.2.7.2 a hnh y binTrn cc khu m HSD - HST, su nc bin dao ng trong khong t3647m. a hnh y bin trn c hai khu m nhn chung bng phng. Ngoi cc bini nh do cc hot ng thm d v khai thc du kh to ra, a hnh y bin t cnhng d bit ln ( san h, mm , g ng, rnh h t nhin...).Bng 11: S liu a hnh y bin Tuyn ng Thng s M t a cht y bin Ct ri Gc ni ma st ()25 Trng lng ngp nc9(kN/m3)Hi S en Hi S H s ma st ca y 0.5Trng bin nhm ca y bin 10-5 (m)Kch thc ht trung bnh 0.25d50 (mm) c trng ca y bin Kh bng phng, dc y bin l 1%2.8 a cht khu vcPage 50 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 51. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Hnh 27: Mt ct a cht (phn 1)Page 51 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 52. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 28: Mt ct a cht (phn 2)Page 52 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 53. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Hnh 29: Mt ct a cht (phn 3)Page 53 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 54. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 30: Mt ct a cht (phn 4)Page 54 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 55. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 31 : V tr cc phn bn v a cht bn trn Page 55 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 56. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Trn c s kt qu kho st a cht phc v qu trnh thit k v xy dng cccng trnh bin trn hai khu m Hi S en v Hi S Trng, chng ta c th a ramt s nhn nh chung v iu kin a cht cng trnh trn khu m nh sau: Trn b mt y bin thng c mt lp trm tch lng ng c thnh phn hn hp dng bn nho kt hp vi sn si. Chiu dy lp ny thng l 0.51.0m, c tnh c l khng n nh. Nn t trn ton b khu m l tng i ging nhau, gm kh nhiu lp, chiu dy cc lp t khng ln (t c lp t no dy hn 10m). Chiu dy trung bnh ca cc lp t trong khong 4.5 n 5m. S cc lp t st chim u th, ng sut ct ca cc lp t ny ph bin trong khong 50 n 220 KPa. Cc lp ct xut hin ri rc, xen k gia cc lp st, thng c gc ni ma st khong t 180 n 350. Cha thy s xut hin ca cc lp si v tng trong khong su di 100m. Page 56 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 57. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDCHNG III :GII THIU V TUYN NG THIT K3.1 Mc ch v yu cu chung v cc bc la chn tuyn ng ngoi bin.3.1.1 Mc ch ca vic la chn tuyn ng. Trong cng tc thit k tuyn ng ng bin,vn u tin l la chn tuynng.y l mt bi ton kinh t -k thut cn phi cn c vo cc s liu kho st acht thu thpc la chn tuyn ng sao cho kh thi vi gi thnh thp nht mvn m bo c cc ch tiu k thut. La chn tuyn ng hp l s em li hiu qukinh t,tng an ton cho tuyn ng trong qu trnh thi cng cng nh qu trnh khaithc lu di.3.1.2 Nhng yu cu ca vic la chn tuyn. tuyn ng c la chn m bo cc yu cu v kinh t, k thut th vicla chn tuyn phi da trn nhng c s sau: Tuyn ng la chn phi l ngn nht mc c th gim chi ph u vocng nh hn ch thi gian thi cng trn bin. Trnh nhng trng ngi vt di y bin nh ngm, cc khu vc y binb t gy, trnh cc im ng ct (giao) ng, ng ct ng dy cp quang(nu c th). Gim ti thiu chiu di ng trong khu vc nn t khng n nh ( Tu thucvo iu kin c th ca nn). Nu tuyn ng nm trong vng c dng bn,phi gim thiu cc nguy c do dchchuyn t y lm h hi n tuyn ng bng cch li hng tuyn ng saocho hng ca tuyn ng song song vi hng ca dng bn. Trnh nhng khu vc th neo v khu vc hot ng qun s (nu c th)Ngoi cc yu cu chung nh trn vic la chn tuyn ng cn xem xt cc yu t sau: Tuyn ng phi m bo yu cu m rng khai thc ca m trong tng lai. Kh nng kt ni ca tuyn ng vi cc thit b cng ngh trong h thngm(Nu tuyn ng l tuyn ni m) S pht trin ca san h Kh nng ng t. Trong trng hp khng trnh khi cc bt li khi thit k phi ch b sungcc phng n bo v tuyn ng.Page 57 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 58. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD3.1.3 Cc bc la chn tuyn ng ngoi bin.Bc 1: Thu thp nghin cu s liu v tr lng k hoch pht trin m.Bc 2: Tng hp phn tch cc s liu v cc h thng thu gom, vn chuyn, x ldu, kh trn b hin ti trn b nhm xc nh kh nng kt ni, nng cp hay xydng mi cc hng mc cng trnh p ng yu cu ca d n.Bc 3: Kho st thc a tuyn ng hin hu.Bc 4: Thu thp cc s liu v a hnh, a cht y bin, kh tng thu vn, bn hnh lang an ton cp vin thng trong khu vc tuyn ng d kin i qua khu vccho vic vch nh tuyn ng ngoi bin.Bc 5: Lp tiu ch nh gi phng n tuyn ng theo cc d liu u vo gm: Tng chiu di ng ng ngn nht. Tuyn ng ng c im bt u t ngun cung cp du ln c thmlng chc chn. C s h tng cho vic kt ni Thun li cho vic thi cng v u ni vi cc h s thc t m bo an ton, an ninh v mi trng. m bo lu lng vn chuyn du, p ng kh nng khai thc, iu tit snlng du vo b mt cch c lp trong nhng nm u.Bc 6: Phc tho cc phng n, t chc tho lun xin kin cc n v tham gia.Bc 7: Phn tch hiu chnh cc phng n tuyn .Bc 8: nh gi chm im theo cc tiu ch lp la chn ra tuyn ng ti u.3.2 La chn tuyn ng HST HSD3.2.1 Nhng c s la chn tuyn ng:V nguyn tc la chn tuyn ng cn tri qua 8 bc nh trn th mi cs la chn tuyn ng thit k.Qua ta cng thy r s phc tp ca vic thuthp,phn tch v nh gi la chn tuyn ng.Do hn ch v mt s liu c th chi titcng rt nhiu cc iu kin khc nn nhn t gc thc t th cha c s ktlun v tuyn ng.Tuy nhin vi tnh cht ca n l mt n tt nghipv tnh tonthit k nn vi nhng s liu thu thp c,qua vic sng lc v nh gi phntch, ly l c s la chn mt cch tng i v tuyn ng. Page 58 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 59. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD3.2.2 xut phng n chn tuyn ng3.2.2.1Phng n 1:Tuyn ng chy thng t gin Hi S Trng n gin Hi S en U ? NG ? NG GASLIFT 6 PHU ONG N 1HST-WHSP HST-2PE 823,663.00N 1,107,825.0042.0Hnh 31: S tuyn ng theo phng n 1Page 59 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 60. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD u im: Chiu di tuyn ng l ngn nht (8761m), tit kim c chi ph vt liulm ng cng nh khi thi cng. Thi cng n gin, nhanh, gim thiu thi gian thi cng trn bin. Kh nng x l cc cht vn chuyn l nhanh. p ng kh nng khai thc du cao trong d n khai thc m. m bo an ton v an ninh mi trng. Khng giao ct vi cc cng trnh khc. Thi cng cc on ng thng tng i nhanh v n gin Nhc im: Tuyn ng bng qua mt s nh li, tuy nhin c th khc phc bng ccbin php k thut n gin.Page 60 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 61. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD3.2.2.2 Phng n 2: Tuyn ng Hi S Trng-Hi S en gm 3 on gp khc ni vi nhau bng 2 tie-in spoolU ? NG ? NG GASLIFT 6 PHU ONG N 2TIE-IN SPOOL TIE-IN SPOOLTIE-IN SPOOL HST-WHSPHST-2P E 823,663.00 N 1,107,825.0042.0 Hnh 32: S tuyn ng theo phng n 2 Page 61 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 62. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD u im : Trnh c mt s nh li. p ng kh nng khai thc du trong d n khai thc m. m bo an ton v an ninh mi trng. Khng giao ct vi cc cng trnh khc. Nhc im: di ng ng l 8863m, tng hn 60m so vi phng n 1. H thng ng ng gm 3 on gp khc dn ti phi tng p lc trongng hn so vi phng n 1 c th vn chuyn gaslift tng ng, dy ng ng hoc mac thp cng phi tng ln m bo bnng ng. Tn km thm tin lm 2 on tie-in spool. Mt thm thi gian thi cng on tie-in spool.Page 62 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 63. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD3.2.2.3 Phng n 3:Tuyn ng Hi S Trng Hi S en c dng ng cong U ? NG ? NG GASLIFT 6 PHU ONG N 3HST-WHSP HST-2PE 823,663.00N 1,107,825.00 42.0 Hnh 33: S tuyn ng theo phng n 3Page 63 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 64. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD u im: Trnh c hu ht cc nh li. Tuyn ng i theo qu o cong u nn trnh c s ph hu bn ca ng v s phc tp trong thi cng. Khng giao ct vi cc cng trnh khc. Nhc im: di tuyn ng ln (8976m) di hn so vi phng n 1 l 173m, tng chi ph ch to, thi cng, tng thi gian thi cng.3.2.3 nh gi la chn tuyn ng bin:STTTiu ch la chnThang PA1 PA2 PA3im1Tng chiu di ng ng ngn nht 10109 82 Trnh nhng trng ngi vt di y bin ln 1010 10 10 nh ngm, cc khu vc y bin b t gy,trnh cc im ng ct (giao) ng 3 Trnh c trng ngi vt nh nh nh li,1089 9va san h nh 4Mc n gin tuyn ng10 1089 5 Ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin m 10 10 10 10 6Kh nng s l nhanh cht vn chuyn 10 1089 7 Kh nng thi cng nhanh, n gin, tit kim10 1089thun li cho vic thi cng u ni cc tuyn ng hin hu 8m bo an ton, an ninh v mi trng 10 10 10 10 9p ng c s h tng cho vic kt ni vi cc 10 10 10 10ngun du kh tim nng 10m bo lu lng vn chuyn, p ng kh 10 10 10 10nng khai thc ra trong nhng nm u i vao khai thc Tng im 10098 92 94(Ghi ch PA: Phng n)3.2.4 Kt lunQua phn tch nu trn, phng n 1: Tuyn ng chy thng t gin Hi STrng n gin Hi S en c im s cao hn c, do chn phng n ny lmphng n cho thit k tuyn ng. Page 64 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 65. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD3.3 Ti liu, tiu chun, quy phm p dng cho thit k3.3.1 Nguyn tc tnh ton chung theo quy chun, qui phm ng ng phi c thit k sao cho m bo hot ng trong mi trng thi c th c trong sut i sng cng trnh.( m bo bi ton bn v bi ton n nh) K n sai s ch to, thi cng v vn hnh thp nht. K n cc bin dng, n mn c th xy ra.3.3.2 Phng php tnh ton thit k bn ng ngC 2 phng php ph bin: Theo ng sut cho php. Theo trng thi gii hn: Ngui ta c th da vo cc trng thi gii hn xcnh li tin cy ca cc tiu chun. Do cc quy phm hin i ( t nm1980Nay) u s dng phng php th 2.Theo phng php trng thi gii hn, mi trng thi u phi c tho mn vi:a) Trng thi gii hn theo kh nng phc v (Serviceability Limit State): Trng thi gii hn v van; Trng thi gii hn v bin dng n do; Trng thi gii hn v mt hoc hng v b tng gia ti. b) Trng thi gii hn cc hn (Ultimate Limit State): Trng thi gii hn n ng; Trng thi gii hn v mo ng ( van) dn n hng ng; Trng thi gii hn v mt n nh cc b; Trng thi gii hn v mt n nh tng th (Global buckling); Trng thi gii hn v ph hoi n do v vt nt; Trng thi gii hn v va chm.c) Trng thi gii hn mi (Fatigue Limit State)d) Trng thi gii hn s c(Accidental Limit State)Mi trng thi gii hn u phi c tho mn vi mi t hp ti trng theo quyphm. Page 65 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 66. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDMi trng thi gii hn u phi c tho mn vi mi giai on lm vic trongsut i sng cng trnh. Cc giai on in hnh trong i sng cng trnh ng nggm c: Giai on thi cng lp t; Giai on sau lp t,ng nm trn y bin; Giai on th p lc; Giai on vn hnh; Giai on dng vn hnh sa cha (nu c); Dng khai thc.3.3.3 Cc tiu chun, quy phm, ti liu p dng cho thit k Tiu chun DNV-Det Norske Veritas, Offshore Standard OSF101, Submarinepipeline systems, 2000. Tiu chun DNV-RP-E305- On bottom stability design of submarinepipelines Tiu chun DNV-RP-F105. Tiu chun DNV-RP-B401. Ti liu Offshore Pipeline Design, Analysis, and Methods. Ti liu Offshore Pipelines Boyun Guo, Shanhong Song, Jacob Chacko, AliGhalambor Nh xut bn Elsevier. Ti liu Pipelines and Risers Yong Bai Nh xut bn Elsevier. Ti liu Design and Installation of Marine Pipelines - Mikael W. Braestrup Nhxut bn Blackwell Science. Bi ging ng ng Ths o Triu Kim Cng Vin xy dng cng trnhbin Ti liu ni b cng ty PVE. DNV-RP-F105-2002, free spanning piplene. API-RP-2A-WSD-2005 DnV RP-B401 - 2005.Page 66 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 67. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDCHNG IV : TNH TON, THIT K NG NG BIN4.1 Tnh ton kim tra chiu dy ng chu p sut trong ln nht4.1.1 Phng php tnh: Do su dc tuyn ng thay i nn khi tnh ton ta s tnh cho nhng v tr idin,ri kt lun ton tuyn thng qua nhng v tr tnh . Tnh ton theo tng vng v tng ng vi mi vng phi xt cc trng thi lmvic khc nhau ca h thng ng ng.4.1.2 Phn loi cht lng dn trong ng ng, cp v tr, cp an ton.4.1.2.1 Phn loi sn phm cht lng dn trong ng ng. Bng 2-1 Phn loi cht lng (theo DNV OS F101- 2000)LoiM tA Cht lng c cht nn l nc khng chy in hnh .VD nc p vaB Cc cht chy c v/ hoc cht c hi dng lng ti cc iu kinnhit mi trng v p sut kh quyn thng thng.Cc v d inhnh l cc sn phm du m.Methanol l mt v d v cht lng chy vc.C Cc cht khng chy dng kh khng c ti cc iu kin nhit mitrngvpsut kh quyn thngthng.VDNit,ioxitcacbon,acgn,khng khD Cc kh t nhin mt pha, khng c hi.Cc dung dch chy c v/ hoc c dng kh ti cc iu kin nhit mi trng v p sut kh quyn thng thng v c vn chuynE di dng kh hoc cht lng. VD H2, kh t nhin (ngoi loi c nu loi D),Etan,etylen,kh ho lng (nh propan v bu tan), cht lng kh tnhin,amoniac,chlorine.Trong n ny cht vn chuyn trong ng ng l gasliftcht vn chuyn thucloi E.Page 67 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 68. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD4.1.2.2Phn loi cp v tr Bng 2-2 Cp v tr V trnh nghaKhu vc khng c cc hot ng thng xuyn ca con ngi dc theo tuyn 1ng.Phn ng ng/ng ng gn khu vc c gin (c ngi)hoc nhng khuvc c hot ng thng xuyn ca con ngi.Phm vi ca cp v tr 2 phi2 c xc nh da trn kt qu phn tch ri ro thch hp.Nu khng phntch nonh vy c thc hin,phm vi ca cpv tr 2 c ly ti thiucch ginl 500m4.1.2.3Phn loi cp an ton Thit k ng ng phi da trn hu qu h hng tim tng. Trong tiu chunDNV-OS F101- 2000,iu ny c th hin bi cp an ton.Cp an ton c th khcnhau ti cc giai on v v tr khc nhau.c quy nh ti bng di y: Bng 2-3 Phn loi cp an tonCp an ton nh nghaKhi h hng mang tnh ri ro thp v vic gy thng tt cho conThpngi v gy ra h qu nh n mi trng v kinh t.Cp an tonthp thng c phn loi cho giai on lp t.i vi cc iu kin tm thi khi h hng mang tnh ri ro v vic gyVa thng tt cho ngi,gy nhim mi trng trm trng.Cp an tonva thng c phn loi cho vic vn hnh bn ngoi khu vcgin.i vi cc iu kin vn hnh khi h hng mang tnh ri ro cao vCao vic gy thng tt cho con ngi.Gy nhim mi trng trmtrng.Cp an ton cao thng c phn loi trong khi vn hnh ti vtr cp 2. Page 68 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 69. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDThng thng, cp an ton c p dng theo bng 2-4 ca DNV-OS F101- 2000: Bng 2-4:Phn loi thng thng ca cp an tonLoi cht lng A,CCht lng loi B,D,E Giai on Cp v trCp v tr1 2 1 2Tm thi ThpThp - - Vn hnhThpVa Va CaoTrong n ny cht vn chuyn thuc nhm E Trch bng 2-4 ra ta c bngphn loi cp an ton ca cht vn chuyn thuc nhm E.Cht lng loi EGiai on Cp v tr12Tm thi(thi cng) Thp Thp Vn hnh (khai thc)Va CaoBng 2.4.1: Cp an ton ca cht vn chuyn thuc nhm E4.1.3 Tnh ton ng ng chu p lc trong c tnh ton cho 2 trng thi : Thi cng: Chn giai on th p; cha c n mn. Vn hnh : Xt p lc s c,c n mn.p lc trong phi tho mn iu kin sau:P (t1 ) bPlx PeSC . mTrong : Plx =p lc cc b trong iu kin c s c ti im ang xt. y l p sutbn trong ln nht ti cng mt chiu cao tham chiu nh ca p sutthit kPage 69 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 70. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Pe=p lc ngoi, thin v an ton th ngi ta thit k vi Pe nhnht,khng ln hn p lc ngoi trong iu kin mc nc triu thpnht.Pecont.h Pb(t1)=p lc trong gii hn m ng ng c th chusc =H s bn theo cp an ton ca cng trnh .Ph thuc vo cp anton ca cng trnh, tra bng 5-5 DNV 2000m=H s cng vt liu ph thuc vo trng thi vt liu, tra bng 5-4DNV 2000. m = 1.15 l trng thi vt liu trng thi lm vic, cc hnv s c; m = 1 l trng thi mi.Trong n khng tnh mi nn ly m= 1.15 tt c cc trng hp.p lc cc b trong iu kin c s c ti im ang xt :Plx=Pli ti thi im hot ngPlx=Plt ti thi im th pPli = Pinc + cont.g.h= Pd.inc + cont.g .hPlt = Pt + t.g.h = Pt + t.g.h(cng thc 4.1v 4.2 trang 35 DNV-OS-F101)Trong : Pd = p lc thit k o trn van chn,Pd= 24 Mpa Pt = p lc th, Pt= 30MPainc = T s gia p sut bt thng v p sut thit k. Tra bng 3-1 DNV-OS-F101 cont= Khi lng ring ca nc bin.cont=1025 kg/m3 t = Mt ca mi trng th nghim lin quan ca cc ng ngt= 1025kg/m3 h= Chnh lch cao gia im c xt v im tham chiu ca p lcthit k. g= Gia tc trng trng.Ly g=9.81m/s2Page 70 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 71. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDTheo DNV, p lc trong gii hn m ng ng c th chu Pb(t1) c tnh theo cngthc : Pb(t1) = Min {Pb,s(x); Pb,u(x)} 2.x2 Pb, s(x).fy.D x3 2.x fu 2 Pb, u(x)..D x 1.15 3 fy= (SMYS fy,temp).u fu = (SMTS-fu,temp).u.ATrong :Pb, s(x)=Kh nng chu lc trong ca ng ng theo TTGH chy do.Pb, u(x)=Kh nng chu lc trong theo TTGH ph v (n) do ng sut vng (Hoop stress). x=Chiu dy tnh ton ca ng ng. SMYS =ng sut chy do nh nht c trng ca thp ng. Tra bng 13-4 DNV-OS F101-2000 vi thp API X65, SMYS= 448 Mpa. SMTS =Kh nng chu ko nh nht ca thp ng. Tra bng 13-4 DNV-OS F101-2000 vi thp API X65, SMTS = 530 Mpa. fy,temp=Phn gim ng sut chy do c trng do nhit (tra theo th mc 304-DNV OS F101-2000) fu,temp=Phn gim kh nng chu ko c trng do nhit. ng vi nhit 60oC, tra theo ng C-Mn, ta c fy,temp = 4Mpa = fu,temp u =H s c tra trong bng 5-6 DNV 2000 A H s k n s lm vic khng ng hng ca vt liu lm vic.=Ly A=1Trong iu kin th p lc ti nh my :X=t1 =t - tfabTrong iu kin vn hnh: X=t1 = t- tcorr - tfab(t l chiu dy danh nh ca ng)(x l chiu dy tnh ton) Page 71 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 72. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Bng 3-1: T s gia p sut bt thng v p sut thit k Bng 5-4:H s bn vt lium TT gii hn SLS/ULS/ALSFLSm 1.151Bng 5-6 :H s cng vt liu U H sThng thng ngh b sungu 0.961Bng 2.4.2 : Kt qu h s bn theo cp an tonsc Thi cng (th p) Vn hnh (khai thc) Vng1 2 1 2Cp an ton ThpThp Trung bnh Caosc1.046 1.0461.1381.308Page 72 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 73. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDHnh 34: th tra fu,temp ( mc 304-DNV OS F101-2000)Bng 13-4 DNV-OS F101-2000 tra SMTS v SMYSPage 73 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 74. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Cc h s dng trong tnh tonH sTiu chunGi tr Th pVn hnhincXem bng 3-1 DNV-OS-F101 1.0 1.1 mXem bng 5-4 DNV-OS-F101 1.15 Vng 1Xem bng 5-5 DNV-OS-F1011.046 1.138 SC Vng 21.046 1.308 uXem bng 5-6 DNV-OS-F1010.960.96 SMYS Xem bng 13-4 DNV-OS-F101 448MPa SMTS Xem bng 13-4 DNV-OS-F101 530MPaTnh ton chiu dy ng (t) phi m bo iu kin bn v n nh trong mi trng thihot ng.Tho mn ng thi 2 bi ton kinh t v k thut.Giai on Vng Thi cng(Th p )Vn hnh(Khai thc) Pb (t1 ) PlxPeSC . m Plx=Plt = Pt + t.g.h = Pt + t.g.h Plx Plt= 1.05. PliPlx=Pli=Pd. inc+ cont.g.h. h 10nm 1h =do .Hmax h=do .Hmax100nm 3 3 contcont = nc bin=1025Kg/mcont= gaslift=235Kg/m sc sc=1.046. sc=1.138. t1, tyc t1=t-tfab; tyc= t1+tfab. t1=t-tfab-tcor;tyc=t1+tfab +tcor. 2 sc sc=1.046. sc=1.308.Ghi chtfab =Chiu dy d tr k n sai s do ch to ( tfab=5%t)tcor =Chiu dy d tr k n do n mn (tcor = 2mm) Page 74 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 75. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDTrch dn bng tnh kt qu chiu dy ng chu p lc trong cc v tr tnh tonBng tnh chiu dy ng chu p lc trong cc v tr tnh ton. Thi cng inc1.1- m1.15 Pli=Pd.inc +cont.g.hPd/Pt 24/30MPaD0.1683mh=do .Hmaxnc bin 1025Kg/m3sc 1.046t1=t-tfab; tyc= t1+tfab. gaslift 850Kg/m3SMYS 448Mpa Pe = cont.h g 9.81 X65SMTS 530Mpa Pb(t1)=Min { Pb,s(x);Pb,u(x)} 2.x 20.7- fy,temp4Mpap b,s (x)fy.Dx3 Hmax10nm7.4m fu,temp4Mpa2. xfu 2Pb,u(x)= D x 1.15.3 Vn hnh Hmax100nm8.7 m sc(Vng1)1.138 fy=(SMYS fy,temp). Uu 1- sc(Vng2)1.308 fu=(SMTS fu,temp).U A3. sc . m .(pltp e ).D3. sc . m .(pltp e ).D.1,15xt1x t14.f y3. SC . m .(pltpe ) 4.fu3. SC . m .(pltpe ) Theo TTGH chy do Theo TTGH ph v do ng sut vngKt qu tnh ton giai on thi cng h=do-vng imtnhdo(m) D(m) h(TC) Plt(Mpa)) Pe(Mpa) Plt-Pe(Mpa) x=t1(m) 2 1(KP 0) 39.92 39.75 34.74 31.920.3631.56 0.006009 22 (0.5)40.46 40.29 35.28 31.970.3631.61 0.006018 1 3 (2) 40.35 40.18 35.17 31.960.3631.60 0.006016 1 4 (4) 41.80 41.63 36.62 32.120.3831.74 0.006042 1 5 (5) 41.45 41.28 36.27 32.080.3731.71 0.006036 26 (8.5)42.55 42.38 37.37 32.190.3831.81 0.006055 7(KP 2 42.5642.3937.38 32.200.3831.81 0.0060558.803) Page 75 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 76. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD fy =444 fu/1.15 = 457.3913 suy raPb(t1)=Pb,u(x) x=t1 Max 0.006055 fu =526t1(mm) 6.055 Kt qu tnh ton giai on vn hnh vng imtnh h(VH) Pli(Mpa) Pe (Mpa) Pli-Pex=t1(m) 2 1(KP 0) 33.8329.710.29 29.43 0.00696 22 (0.5)34.3729.760.29 29.47 0.00697 1 3 (2) 34.2629.750.29 29.46 0.00610 1 4 (4) 35.7129.870.30 29.57 0.00612 1 5 (5) 35.3629.840.30 29.54 0.00612 26 (8.5)36.4629.930.31 29.62 0.00701 2 7(KP 8.803) 36.4729.930.31 29.62 0.00701Max 0.00701t17.014.1.4 Kt lun:Trong 2 giai on chn t1=7.01mm tyc=t1+tfab +tcor=9.36 mm.Theo API 5L chn t=12.7mm.(Chi tit tnh ton xem trong ph lc 1) Page 76 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 77. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD4.2Tnh ton kim tra iu kin n nh n hi ca tuyn ng.4.2.1 Kim tra iu kin mt n nh cc b ca tuyn ng.4.2.1.1 Hin tng:Mt n nh cc b l hin tng xy ra khi p lc ngoi ln hn p lc trongng.Khi trong ng s xut hin ng sut vng v ng sut ny mang du m v gynn v ng theo phng chu vi .Ti mt gii hn nht nh,ng sut ny gy on ngtrn tit din ngang, lm cho ng b bp mo, thng xy ra di dng vt lm, dnn mt n nh cc b ca tuyn ng. V bn cht, hin tng ny tng t nh hintng mt n nh ca thanh Ole nhng xy ra trn chu vi ng ti mt s tit din ccb. Tc ng gy ra mt n nh cc b l p lc ngoi, thng xt l p lc thy tnh.4.2.1.2 Tnh ton kim tra:Theo DNV, iu kin ng khng b mt n nh cc b l :Pc (4.2.1)Pe1.1. m . SCTrong : Pe = p lc ngoi ln nht Pc = p lc gy mt n nh cc b m= H s cng vt liu ph thuc vo trng thi vt liuSC= H s bn theo cp an ton ca cng trnhp lc ti hn Pc c tnh bng cch gii phng trnh bc 3 sau y:D(4.2.2)(Pc Pel ).(P2cPp 2 ) Pc .Pel .Pp fo .t2 t (4.2.3) 2E( 2 )3PelD1 2t2 (4.2.4)Pp2fy. fab.DD max D min(4.2.5) f0 DTrong : Page 77 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 78. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD= H s Poisson f0 = H s van. Theo DNV OS F101-2000, khng ly nh hn 0.005 D max= ng knh ln nht ca tit din van D min= ng knh nh nht ca tit din van fy = c trng ng sut chy do ca vt liu ng fab= H s ch to (bng 5-3 DNV OS F101-2000)t2= Chiu dy thp ng tnh ton (mc C300 DNV OS F101-2000)p lc ngoi ln nht Pe : Pe = (do + d1 + d2 + *Hmax)(4.2.6)Trong : d0 =L su nc ln nht d1 =L bin triu d2 =L bin nc ln xung Hmax =Chiu cao sngBng 5-3 tra h s ch to: H s ch tofabng ng Seamless UO& TRBUOEfab1.00 0.93 0.85Ch thch : Seamles: Cng ngh ch to ng c. TRB: ng ch to qua qu trnh hn ng theo phng php 3 trc. UO&UOE: ng ch to qua qu trnh hn ng.Bng thng k cc h s H sGi tr ngham 1.15 H s cng vt liu ph thuc vo trng thi vtliu SC1.046 H s bn theo cp an ton ca cng trnh E207000 MPa M un n hi thp Page 78 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 79. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDD168.3 mm ng knh ngoi ca ngt2 (TC)12.065 mmChiu dy thp ng tnh ton giai on thi cngt2 (VH)10.065 Chiu dy thp ng tnh ton giai on vn hnh 0.3H s Poissonf0 0.005H s vanfy444 MPa c trng ng sut chy do ca vt liu ngfab 1 H s ch to 1025 kg/m3 Khi lng ring nc bind0- su ncd1 2.65mBin triud2 1.55mBin nc ln xung0.7H s profil sngHmax10 nm7.4mChiu cao sng ln nht 10 nmHmax100 nm 8.7mChiu cao sng ln nht 100 nm4.2.1.3Kt qu : vng imtnhPe(TC) VT(TC) Pe(VH) VT(VH) VP(TC) VP(VH)do(m) 2 1(KP0) 39.92 0.5053 0.6686 0.4968 0.8220 172.596103.015 22(0.5)40.46 0.5109 0.6760 0.5024 0.8312 172.596103.015 1 3(2) 40.35 0.5097 0.6745 0.5012 0.7215 172.596103.015 1 4(4) 41.80 0.5246 0.6941 0.5161 0.7429 172.596103.015 1 5(5) 41.45 0.5210 0.6894 0.5125 0.7378 172.596103.015 26(8.5)42.55 0.5323 0.7043 0.5238 0.6878 172.596103.015 2 7(KP 8.803)42.56 0.5324 0.7044 0.5239 0.6879 172.596103.015KtTho mn lun(Chi tit tnh ton xem trong ph lc 1)Page 79 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 80. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Page 80 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 81. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD4.2.2 Kim tra hin tng mt n nh lan truyn.4.2.2.1 Hin tng: Hin tng mt n nh lan truyn c pht hin vo nhng nm u thp k70 bi Battelle Columbus Laboratories. Hin tng ny c m t l di p sutngoi cao nht nh, nu trn ng c mt im mt n nh cc b th vt lm slan truyn sang cc im ln cn dc theo tuyn ng. Khi xy ra hin tng ny,ng ng b ph hng trn chiu di ln, gy tn tht ng k v kh khc phc chocng trnh.4.2.2.2 Tnh ton kim tra Theo DNV 2000, iu kin tuyn ng khng b mt n nh lan truyn l:ppr (4.2.7)Pe SC . mTrong : Pe =p lc ngoi ln nht2.5 t Ppr=p lc ti hn gy lan truyn mt n nh cc b. Ppr = 35.fy.fab. 2 D D=ng knh ngoi ca ng t=Chiu dy ngm=H s ph thuc bn vt liuSC=H s an ton fy =H s ph thuc c im cng vt liufab=H s phc thuc ch to4.2.2.3 Kt qu tnh ton:Vngim tnh Pe(TC)Ppr(TC) so snh Pe(VH)Ppr(VH) so snh 2 1(KP0) 0.50532517.775815 ok0.49689.03586 ok 2 2(0.5) 0.51086 17.775815 ok0.50249.03586 ok 13(2)0.50973317.775815 ok0.501210.3857 ok 14(4)0.52459517.775815 ok0.516110.3857 ok 15(5)0.52100817.775815 ok0.512510.3857 ok 2 6(8.5) 0.53228317.775815 ok0.52389.03586 okPage 81 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 82. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD27(KP 8.803) 0.532385 17.775815 ok0.5239 9.03586 ok4.3 Tnh ton kim tra n nh v tr ca tuyn ng4.3.1 Hin tng.Trong qu trnh vn hnh, ng ng lun chu tc ng ca iu kin mitrng nh sng, dng chy, s vn chuyn ca dng bn ct, c bit l lc y ni.Nhng tc ng ny lm cho ng ng c xu hng b dch chuyn di y bin,tri dt ng ng v c th ph hu ng ng do gy qu ng sut. ng ngvn hnh an ton cn thit k sao cho ng ng khng b dch chuyn khi v tr can, hoc nu c th nm trong gii hn cho php. Vic tnh ton n nh v tr nhm tmra c trng lng yu cu ca ng ng n nh di y bin trong sut thi gianvn hnh.4.3.2 Phn tch n nh v tr ca ng ng4.3.2.1 L do chn tiu chun DNV-RP-E305 thit k: Trong iu kin bin Vit Nam l bin m,ph sng tnh ton thch hp l phsng Pierson Moskowits,ph ny c xy dng da trn c s thc nghim trongiu kin bin Bc-cng l bin m.iu ny cho thy vic p dng quy phm DNV RP-E305 trong tnh ton mc ny l thch hp.4.3.2.2 Tnh ton Vic tnh ton n nh v tr cn m bo ng n nh ti mi v tr, trong mi iukin hot ng v mi trng. Do , khi tnh ton cn xt trng thi thi cng v trngthi vn hnh vi nhng t hp bt li nht ca sng v dng chy. Page 82 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 83. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Y h b m b t n g FLu n g t h p FD: lc ko FD Fi : lc qu n tnhxw Fl : lc nngFIn : phn lcFr : lc ma s tFRu : v tc dng chynNS t nh vtr nh n ung ng bin Theo quy phm DNV-RP-E305 (1988) ng ng n nh di tc ng cami trng th trng lng ng di nc tnh chomt n v di phi tho mn iukin: WsstFL . FD FI(4.3.1) FW FD FI FLFw WS .(4.3.2). stTrong :WsTrng lng ng trong nc gm trng lng ng thp, lp b tng giati, lp bc chng n mn v trng lng cht vn chuyn trong ng FW H s hiu chnh ph thc vo h s Keulegan-Carpenter (K) v M tl gia vn tc dng chy v vn tc sng (M) H s ma st gia ng v y bin, xc nh theo th 5.11- DNVE305-1988 st H s an ton, khng nh hn 1.1 FL Lc nng gy bi sng v dng chy (N/m) FD Lc cn vn tc (N/m) FI Lc qun tnh (N/m) Page 83 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 84. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDNu K>50 v M 0.8 th FW =1.2Lc cn vn tc FD(N/m).Page 84 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 85. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD1FD. w .CL .D.(U S .Cos U C ). U S .Cos U C2Lc cn qun tnh FI (N/m). .D2FI. W .CM .AS .Sin 4Trong : w = Mt nc bin.w=1025kg/m3 D = ng knh ngoi ca ng CL= H s lc nng.CL=0.9 CD= H s cn vn tc: (CD=0.7). CM= H s khi lng nc km( H s cn qun tnh). CM=3.29. = Gc pha ca lc thy ng hc trong chu k sng.Nu s Reynold < 3.105 v M 0,8 th CD=1 ,2. CL=0.9. U e .DH s Reynolds:Re=T s vn tc dng chy v vn tc sng M=UC/USH s K(Keulegan-Carpenter): U s .TuK DUs: Vn tc sng ng k tc ng vung gc vi trc ngUs=U*.RU*: Vn tc sng tc dng vung gc vi trc ng khng k n yu t gim ca hngtruyn sng U*=Us*.sin : L gc gia hng sng v trc ng.Us*: Vn tc sng tc ng theo phng sng tnh ton.Page 85 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 86. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDR: H s gim k n s phn b gia hng sng chnh vi cc hng sng khc vgc gia hng sng chnh v hng tuyn ng.Khi s dng h s R ch cn tnh tonvi hng sng chnh l . Tuy nhin,cc thng s n v C dng tra th trn phthuc tng a phng v cha c cc h s dng cho bin Vit Nam. Nn ta coikhng gim.Ly R=1Page 86 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 87. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD UC=Vn tc dng chy trung bnh tc dng vung gc vi trc ng. As=Gia tc chuyn ng ng vi chiu cao sng ng k. 2. .U SAS Tu=Gc pha ti ti trng sng tc dng cc i ln ng ng. Tn Tu =Tra theo th 2.2 DnV- RP - E305 1988 thng qua t s. Tp Tp = Chu k sng. Tn = dThng s Tn g d= su nc ti v tr xy dng g= Gia tc trng trng. Cc phng php tnh ton: Phng php 1Phng php n gin ho (Simplified method-DNV RP-E305).Hay cn gi l phng php cn bng lc, khng cho phpchuyn v. Page 87 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 88. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Phng php 2 Phng php tng qut : Cho php ng ng c chuyn v nhng nm trong phm vi cho php. Phng php 3 Phng php phn tch chnh xc.Trong n ny s dng phng php n gin ho (Simplified method - DNVRP-E305) Trnh t tnh ton bi ton n nh v tr-Phng php n gin ho(Simplified method-DNV RP-E305):Bc1: Xc nh vn tc,gia tc sng ng k theo hng sng tnh ton. d + Xc nh thng sTn . gHs + Xc nh Tp 250.g Tn + Lp t s, tra ( 2.1 DNV - RP - E305 1988) , Xc nh c US* Tp *US .T n*US HS + Xc nh c vn tc sng tc dng vung gc ln trc ng US. * US US.R .Sin + Xc nh c gia tc sng tc dng vung gc ln trc ng AS. 2. .US AS TuBc 2: Xc nh vn tc dng chy trung bnh tc dng vung gc vi trc ng. Cng thc tng qut: Page 88 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 89. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSDD1UD U z dzD0 U* z z0U z .ln. k z0Trong : K= H s Karman, K=0.4 U* = Vn tc dng chy c tnh n ma st ca y binKt qu tnh tch phn trn nh sau :UD1z0 D 1.ln 1 1(A3)Urz z0 Dz0 ln z0Trong : Ur = Vn tc dng chy su zr k t y bin, chiu ln phng vunggc vi trc ng. zr = su tham chiu, k n nh hng ca lp bin.Ly .zr = 3 m z0 = H s ph thuc vo nhm ca y hay tnh cht nhm ca t b mty bin.kb z030Trong :kb 2,5.d50 Kb = H s Mikurade. d50= Kch thc ht trung bnh ca lp a cht y.Vi loi st nacng:d50=0.0625.Bng A1y bin C ht d50 mm nhm Zo(m)Ph xa0.0625 5.21 E-6 Page 89 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 90. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Ct mn 0.125 1.04 E-5 Ct mn0.25 2.08 E-5 Ct va 0.5 4.17 E-5 Ct th 1.0 8.33 E-5 2.0 1.67 E-4 Si dm 4.0 3.33 E-4 108.33 E-4si 252.08 E-3 504.17 E-31008.33 E-3 cui2502.08 E-2 tng5004.17 E-2 D zr Tnh cc ts , z0 z0 UDThay vo cng thc (A3) ta tnh c UD UrBc 3 : Xc nh h s hiu chnh Fw. UD Tnh M : M US . US Tu Tnh K : KTra th (5.12 DNV- RP - E305 ) ta tm c FWDBc 4: Tnh lp vi cc gc pha khc nhau tm trng lng yu cu ln nht.Bc5 :Nhn xt:Page 90 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 91. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD Nu trng lng yu cu ln hn trng lng bn thn ng trong nc th tng chiu dy thp (Hoc chiu dy bc b tng) v tnh li t u hoc s dng phng php tnh chnh xc hn. Nu trng lng yu cu nh hn trng lng bn thn ng trong nc th kt lun ng n nh v tr. Nguyn tc tnh ton. Vic tnh ton n nh v tr cn m bo ng n nh ti mi v tr, trong mi iukin hot ng v mi trng. Do , khi tnh ton cn xt trng thi thi cng v trngthi vn hnh vi nhng t hp bt li nht ca sng v dng chy.Do ng ng thit k di nn ti mi v tr khc nhau th chu s tc ng ca iukin mi trng v ti trng l khc nhau.Do bi ton n nh v tr cn c xemxt tt c cc v tr i din.S lng v tr i din cng nhiu th mc chnh xccng cao, cng st vi thc t. Tnh ton n nh v tr ca ng ng di y bin c xt trong hai trnghp:Giai on 1:iu kin ng mi lp t xong. Trong iu kin ny, n nh ca tuyn ng thng c tnh trong iu kinsng dng chy 1 nm, ng ng cha b n mn, cha c h bm, cht trong ngl nc bin. Trong n ny ta khng c s lu sng dng chy 1 nm nn ta dngs liu sng , dng chy 5 nm.Giai on 2:Vn hnh. Trong iu kin ny n nh v tr ca ng thng c tnh trong iu kin sngdng chy tn sut xut hin l 100 nm. Lu t hp gia sng v dng chy c haila chn:+ Nu sng l tri: Sng 100 nm + dng chy 10 nm.+ Nu dng chy l tri: Dng chy 100 nm + sng 10 nm.Xt ng ng c h bm bng chiu dy cc i tng ng vi i sng cngtrnh, trong ng cha cht vn chuyn (Cht vn chuyn l gaslift). Page 91 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 92. N TT NGHIP THIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD ng ng n nh di tc ng ca mi trng th trng lng ca ngdi nc tnh cho mt n v di phi tho mn iu kin:Ws W ycTrong : Ws= Trng lng ca ng trong nc gm trng lng ng thp, lp b tng gia ti (nu c), lp bc chng n mn, h bm, trng lng cht vn chuyn trong ng v lc y ni. Wyc = Trng lng yu cu. Tm trng lng tnh ton trong trng hp cha bc b tng gia ti:S liu:-ng knh ngoi ca ng Dn=0.1683+2x0.005=0.1783(m).-ng knh ng thp D = 0.1683(m)-Chiu dy sn ph: ts=0.005(m).-Chiu dy h bm (Trong giai on vn hnh):thb=0.07(m).-Trng lng ring ca gaslift 850(kG/m3).-Trng lng ring ca b tng 3043(kG/m3).-Trng lng ring ca thp7850(kG/m3).-Trng lng ring cah bm1300(kG/m3).-Trng lng ring ca sn 1400(kG/m3).-Trng lng ring ca nc bin 1025(kG/m3).Giai on thi cng:*[D2-(D-2*t)2] - Wthep = xV = * 4 *1 ( N/m) ; t= 7850 kg/m3 =7850 x 3.14 x [0.16832-(0.1683-2x0.0127)2]/4 =48.71(kg/m).*(D-2*t)2 - Wcvc = *V = *4*1 ( N/m) ; nb = 1025 kg/m3.=1025x3.14x(0.1683-2x0.0127)2/4 Page 92 of 225KHUT TRN THANH LP 52CB2 MSSV : 3189.52 93. N TT NGHIPTHIT K K THUT TUYN NG DN GASLIFT GIN HST-HSD =16.43 ( kg/m).- Wsn =s*V;s = 1400 kg/m3 ,ts=5mm=0.005m.=1400x3.14x[(0.1683+2x0.005)2-0.16832]/4=3.81 ( kg/m). - Qn = *V = g** *0.25*(D+2*ts)2*1( N/m) ; = 1025 kg/m3 =1025*3.14*(0.1683+2*0.005+2*0.0127)2/4 = 33.39 (kg/m). Kt qu tnh ton c tng hp trong bng di y:Trng lng tnh ton(Ws)Wthp=48.71 (kg/m) Wsn=3.81 ( kg/m)Wcvc =16.43 ( kg/m) Qn =33.39( kg/m). (W s)=35.56 (kg/m)Giai on vn hnh: *[D2-(D-2*t)2]- Wthep = xV = * 4 *1 ( N/m) ; t= 7850 kg/m3=7850x3.14x[(0.1683)2-(0.1683-2x0.0127)
