Thu Hut Nhan Tai

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CHNG 1

TNG QUAN

1.1 L do hnh thnh ti

Ngy nay, trong iu kin khc nghit ca thng trng, cnh tranh v ngun

nhn lc lun l vn nng bng ti cc cng ty. V bi vy, thu ht nhn ti,

cc doanh nghip khng ngng hon thin chnh sch pht trin ngun nhn lc

m theo , mc lng thng cng nhiu ch i ng khc lun c lnh

o cc doanh nghip c bit quan tm.

Vn qun l con ngi bao gm nhiu kha cnh : chm cng, tnh lng,

sng lc, tuyn dng nhn vin, o to, hun luyn, nh gi cng vic ca nhn

vin, son tho cc chnh sch lng thng, cc ch i ng lao ng

Nhng mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht m cc chuyn gia qun tr nhn

s khng th b qua l vic hoch nh v thc hin cc chin lc pht trin

ngun nhn lc, thu ht nhn ti v lm vic cho cng ty ng thi khng h

thp thm vi tm l ng ni ny trng ni n.

Theo kt qu t mt nghin cu ca hai cng ty Walker Information v

Hodson Institute gn y cung cp mt s thng tin v s trung thnh ca nhn

vin trong doanh nghip nh sau :

9 Ch c 24% nhn vin thy rng h tht s trung thnh, tht s cam kt ng gp vo nhng mc tiu, nhng hot ng ca cng ty v sn sng

li lm vic trong doanh nghip t nht hai nm.

9 C n 33% nhn vin trong doanh nghip khng h c mt cam kt, mt k hoch tn ti trong doanh nghip lu di.

9 Nhng c n 39% nhn vin c xem l b min cng lm vic. H li lm vic ch v mt vi nguyn nhn no (lng bng, v n, quen

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bit, ch tm vic khc) m chng h c mt k hoch c th no nhm

mang li li ch cho doanh nghip.

Tt c nhng nh qun l, nhng ch doanh nghip u nhn nhn rng h phi

lun tr gi rt cao cho vic ra i ca nhng cng s then cht. Mt trong nhng

tc hi thng thy l s ra i ca nhng cng s then cht s ko theo nhng

khch hng sang trng. Cc nghin cu cho thy c n 70% l do khch hng ri

b doanh nghip u lin quan n s ra i ca nhng nhn vin then cht. Khng

nhng th, nu lin tc c s ra i ca nhng nhn vt then cht th s gy nn

nhng cn sng ngm ra i ca ton th nhn vin cn li.

Hin nay, Vit Nam vn lm sao gi chn c nhn vin l mt vn

au u cho cc nh qun l ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam, c bit l sau khi

Vit Nam gia nhp WTO, cc doanh nghip trong nc c nhu cu m rng sn

xut kinh doanh th ngoi vic rt cn ngun nhn lc c c cht lng cao, th

cn phi bit cch lm th no gi chn c nhng nhn vin c nng lc

trnh vic b chy mu cht xm, y l vn sng cn ca cc doanh nghip.

Nh vy, vn t ra l cc doanh nghip cn phi nhn dng, xem xt, nh gi

ng cc yu t c nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin, da trn c s

doanh nghip s c nhng hng i ph hp trong cng tc qun tr ngun nhn

lc, nhm c nhng ng thi tch cc gi chn nhng nhn ti cho doanh

nghip trnh hin tng chy mu cht xm trong tng lai. l l do ti

chn ti Cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong t

chc.

1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu

Mc tiu ca ti ny l :

Xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong cc doanh nghip hin nay.

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o lng mc nh hng ca mt s yu t n s trung thnh ca nhn vin.

Bn cnh , nghin cu ny cng c th ng gp cho cc nghin cu tng t su hn v s trung thnh ca ngi lao ng trong cc doanh nghip nhm

c nh hng nng cao kh nng qun tr hoc u t ca doanh nghip.

1.3 i tng v phm vi nghin cu

i tng nghin cu l nhng ngi hin nay ang lm vic trong cc t chc

kinh t nh : Cng ty trch nhim hu hn, Cng ty c phn, Doanh nghip t

nhn, Cng ty nh nc, Cng ty lin doanh, v Doanh nghip 100% vn nc

ngoi.

V nng lc v thi gian c hn, c nhn ti s nghin cu trn c s iu tra

cc i tng hin ang lm vic trong cc doanh nghip Thnh ph H Ch

Minh vi v tr cng tc l : nhn vin, t trng/chuyn vin, qun l.

1.4 Phng php nghin cu

Vic nghin cu thc hin theo 2 giai on :

Giai on 1 : s dng phng php nghin cu nh tnh nhm khng nh v

b sung nhng tiu ch nh gi, iu chnh thang o v xy dng bng cu hi

phc v cho qu trnh nghin cu nh lng.

Giai on 2 : s dng phng php nghin cu nh lng. T cc bin o

lng giai on nghin cu nh tnh, xc nh cc nhn t v cc thuc tnh o

lng. Sau khi hiu chnh thang o cui cng c s dng cho phng vn chnh

thc.

Mu v thng tin mu : kho st nh lng thc hin ti khu vc Thnh ph

H Ch Minh. i tng chn mu l nhng ngi hin ang lm vic trong cc

doanh nghip Thnh ph H Ch Minh, tin hnh phng vn trc tip bng bng

cu hi. Phng php ly mu chn ngu nhin mt s hc vin ti cc lp hc

ban m (ti chc, vn bng 2, cao hc, ) mt s trng i hc ti Thnh

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ph H Ch Minh (i hc Kinh T Thnh ph H Ch Minh, i hc M Thnh

ph H Ch Minh, i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin, i hc Cng Nghip, ). M

hnh o lng gm 29 bin quan st, s dng thang o Likert 5 bc khong (t 1:

han tan khng ng n 5: han tan ng ) lng ha v 07 gi thit,

.theo quy tc ti thiu l : 5 x 3 = 15 mu cho mt bin o lng (Bentle & Chou,

1987), do s mu tnh ton ban u l : 29 x 15 = 435.

Thu thp v phn tch d liu : S dng k thut x l d liu bng phn mm

SPSS 11.5, tin hnh kim nh thng qua cc bc: (1) nh gi s b thang o

v tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach Alpha v gi tr (factor

loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis), (2)

kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh. Tip

theo thc hin kim nh T-Test & phn tch ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance)

gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m hnh cu trc

c kim nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca mt vi nhm c th.

1.5 ngha thc tin ca ti

Kt qu nghin cu xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca

nhn vin. Trn c s , cc doanh nghip s tp trung ngun lc cn thit

iu chnh hoc xy dng cc chnh sch v nhn s cho ph hp. ng thi a

ra nhng phng thc kch thch ng vin nhn vin ng n, nhm gi chn

c nhn vin gii cho doanh nghip.

1.6 Kt cu lun vn

Ni dung ca lun vn bao gm 5 chng :

Chng 1: Tng quan

Gm nhng ni dung : l do hnh thnh ti, mc tiu nghin cu, i tng

v phm vi nghin cu, phng php nghin cu, ngha thc tin ca ti.

Chng 2: C s l thuyt v m hnh nghin cu.

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Gm nhng ni dung : mt s l thuyt v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin, cc

thnh phn lin quan n s trung thnh ca nhn vin nh : thu nhp cao, iu

kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, h tr t cp trn, ng nghip ng

h, khen thng cng bng, trao quyn. M hnh nghin cu.

Chng 3: Phng php nghin cu

Gm nhng ni dung : trnh by phng php nghin cu chi tit, kt qu

nghin cu nh tnh, hiu chnh thang o, thng tin mu.

Chng 4: Kt qu nghin cu

Gm nhng ni dung : phn tch d liu v trnh by kt qu phn tch d liu.

Chng 5: Kt lun v kin ngh

Gm nhng ni dung : tm tt v tho lun kt qu nghin cu, ng gp ca

ti, ngha thc tin ca ti v xut mt s gii php p dng kt qu

nghin cu vo thc tin, hn ch ca ti v xut hng nghin cu tip

theo.

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Tm tt chng 1

gi chn c nhn vin cc doanh nghip cn phi nhn dng, xem xt,

nh gi ng cc yu t c nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin, da trn

c s doanh nghip s c nhng hng i ph hp trong cng tc qun tr

ngun nhn lc. T l do ny nn ti Cc yu t nh hng n s trung

thnh ca nhn vin trong t chc c hnh thnh.

Mc tiu ca ti ny l : xc nh cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh

ca nhn vin trong cc doanh nghip, o lng mc nh hng ca mt s

yu t n s trung thnh ca nhn vin.

i tng nghin cu l nhng ngi hin nay ang lm vic trong cc t chc

kinh t nh: Cng ty trch nhim hu hn, Cng ty c phn, Doanh nghip t

nhn, Cng ty nh nc, Cng ty lin doanh, v Doanh nghip 100% vn nc

ngoi Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Nghin cu thc hin theo 2 giai on : nghin cu nh tnh v nghin cu

nh lng.

Kt cu lun vn gm 5 chng : Tng quan, C s l thuyt v m hnh

nghin cu, Phng php nghin cu, Kt qu nghin cu, Kt lun v kin ngh.

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CHNG 2

C S L THUYT V M HNH NGHIN CU

2.1 C s l thuyt

2.1.1 Mt s vn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc

2.1.1.1 Khi nim

C nhiu cch tip cn trong cc nghin cu v lng trung thnh ca nhn

vin. Trung thnh c th l mt yu t thnh phn ca cam kt t chc, cng c

th l mt khi nim c lp. Allen &Mayer (1990) ch trng ba trng thi tm l

ca nhn vin khi gn kt vi t chc. Nhn vin c th trung thnh vi t chc

xut pht t tnh cm tht s ca h: h s li vi t chc d c ni khc tr

lng cao hn, iu kin lm vic tt hn: h c th trung thnh vi t chc ch v

h khng c c hi kim c cng vic tt hn v h c th trung thnh vi t

chc v nhng chun mc o c m h theo ui. Cook & Wall (1980) quan

tm n cc kha cnh hnh vi ca nhn vin. Theo Mowday, Steers v Poter

(1979), trung thnh l nh hoc mong mun duy tr l thnh vin ca t chc.

nh ngha ni ting ca Mowday v lng trung thnh tng t nh khi nim

Duy tr trong cc nghin cu phm vi quc gia trong nhiu nm lin ca vin

Aon Consulting: nhn vin c nh li lu di cng t chc/doanh nghip: s

li t chc/doanh nghip mc d c ni khc c li ngh lng bng tng i

hp dn hn (Stum 1999, 2001). Gn y xut hin v lng trung thnh. Theo

Johnson (2005) ngy nay, nhn vin trung thnh vi ngh nghip ca h hn

trung thnh vi nh tuyn dng v bn cht trong quan h gia nhn vin v nh

tuyn dng c nhng thay i cn bn v cn nh gi li khi nim trung

thnh (Reevaluating Loyalty). Trong th trng lao ng nng bng hin nay,

nhiu nh tuyn dng cm thy rt kh gi chn nhn vin ca mnh bi s hp

dn v tim nng lm giu t th trng chng khan (Cheryl Breetwor 2007).

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Vit Nam s xut hin ca hng lat cc nh u t nc ngoi v cc ngn hng

ang thiu ht ngun nhn lc cht lng cao sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO

cng lm cho th trng lao ng cng nng hn. Nhn vin a ra cc yu cu

h c th trung thnh vi cng ty. Mt s nhn vin coi thu nhp l yu t quan

trng hng u trong vic lm. Nhiu nhn vin mun lm vic nhng ni c

cng gi tr ct li. Nhiu ngi khc mong mun c c hi hc hi, pht trin

bn thn. V d theo Jaerid Rossi (trch li t Penelope Trunk (2007) Ging nh

chc nng ca thi gian, lng trung thnh l tng hn c, cng vic ch thc

s hp dn khi thng xuyn c hc hi. Ngc li, Cc cng ty khng mun

s trung thnh m qung, hnh thc trung thnh tt nht l khi c cng ty v nhn

vin cng c li. Cn theo The Loyalty Research Center, 2004 Lng trung thnh

ca nhn vin l khi nhn vin c cam kt gn lin vi thnh cng ca t chc v

tin rng lm vic cho t chc ny chnh l s la chn tt nht ca h. Theo m

hnh thang o lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ca Man Power (2002), nhng tiu

chun nh gi lng trung thnh bao gm : Sn lng gii thiu cng ty ca mnh

nh mt ni lm vic tt; Sn lng gii thiu cc sn phm v dch v ca cng ty;

C nh gn b lu di vi cng ty.

Mt s tng gim c cho rng cc t chc mun c mt nhn vin ngi sao

trong ba nm cn hn c mt nhn vin li vi cng ty sut i nhng lc km

ci. Tuy nhin, quan im mi v lng trung thnh cha ph bin rng ri cc

doanh nghip Vit Nam v cn gp kh khn trong vic o lng. V vy, nghin

cu ny vn s dng nh ngha lng trung thnh ca Mowday v cc cng s

(1979), cng vi thang o lng trung thnh ca nhn vin ca Man Power (2002).

2.1.1.2 Li ch ca vic xy dng v duy tr lng trung thnh ca nhn vin

Gi tr ca lng trung thnh ca nhn vin l cc k to ln, gim thiu chi ph

thay i nhn vin ch l mt v d nhn thy c, li ch ca vic gi li nhng

nhn vin c kinh nghim, ng tin cy l v gi. Cng cn phi lu nhng nh

qun tr ngoi 40 tui rng nhng iu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh ngy nay

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rt khc vi nhng g khin cho chng ta trung thnh vi t chc ngy hm qua.

Thm nin cng tc, kinh nghim lm vic, s n nh ca t chc s l nhng

iu chng ta ngh ti u tin, nhng vt ra ngoi kinh nghim c nhn s cho

chng ta ci nhn tan cnh v li ch i vi t chc ca vic xy dng v duy tr

lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong bi cnh ngy nay :

- V mt doanh thu, cc nhn vin trung thnh c khuynh hng lm vic tt

hn c nhng g khch hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao

kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im ny u rt quan trng trong vic

gi li cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung thnh v em v doanh thu cao.

- V mt chi ph, nhng nhn vin trung thnh s li lm vic vi cng ty

lu di, t chi nhng li cho mi t i th, khng ch ng tm cng

vic mi v lun gii thiu cng ty ca mnh l nhng ch lm tt. C bn

thi ny u c nh hng tch cc n pha ct chi ph trong bng cn

i k tan ca cng ty, v cng ty s trnh c nhng khan chi ph ng

k cho vic thay th nhn vin.

Ni cch khc, thay v ch tp trung vo vic nu gi nhn vin (c gng gi li

nhng nhn vin quyt nh ngh vic), cc nh qun tr cn tch cc v ch

ng hn na trong vic tha nhn nhng li ch ca vic tm hiu, qun l v

tng cng lng trung thnh ca nhn vin.

Nh vy, mc d lng trung thnh ca nhn vin c tha nhn l hai trong

s nhng nhn t mang tnh quyt nh nht i vi s thnh cng ca doanh

nghip, vn khng c g ngc nhin khi nhn thy rng cc cng ty v t chc

ang phi i mt vi nhng thch thc gay gt v vic pht trin mt i ng

nhit huyt v tn ty.

2.1.2 Tng kt mt s nghin cu trc y v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin

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C nhiu nghin cu v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, nhng

phn ln cc nghin cu trc y ch tp trung nghin cu mt cch tng qut

mt mt no chn hn nh vn ha t chc hay phong cch lnh o, c nh

hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc nh th no. Cho nn hin

nay cha c mt nghin cu no cp n tng yu t c th nh hng s trung

thnh ca nhn vin. V vy trong nghin cu ny s nghin cu tng yu t c th

chn hn nh : thu nhp cao, u kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu,

s nh hng nh th no i vi lng trung thnh ca nhn vin trong t chc.

2.1.3 Cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin

2.1.3.1 Thu nhp/lng cao

Tin lng c th c nhiu tn gi khc nhau nh th lao lao ng, thu nhp

lao ng, Php, s tr cng c hiu l tin lng, hoc lng bng c

bn, bnh thng hay ti thiu v mi th li ch, ph khan khc, c tr trc

tip hay gin tip bng tin hay hin vt, m ngi s dng lao ng tr cho ngi

lao ng. i Loan, tin lng ch mi khan th lao m ngi cng nhn

nhn c do lm vic; bt lun l dng tin lng, lng bng, ph cp c tnh

cht lng, tin thng hoc dng mi danh ngha khc tr cho h theo gi,

ngy, thng, theo sn phm. Nht Bn, tin lng, bt lun c gi l tin

lng, lng bng, tin c chia li hoc bng nhng tn gi khc, l ch th lao

cho lao ng m ngi s dng lao ng chi tr cho cng nhn.

Tr cng lao ng lun lun l mt trong nhng vn thch thc nht cho

cc nh qun tr mi doanh nghip. Cc doanh nghip thng c nhiu quan

im, mc tiu khc nhau khi xp t h thng tr cng, nhng nhn chung cc

doanh nghip u hng ti bn mc tiu c bn : thu ht nhn vin, duy tr

nhng nhn vin gii, kch thch ng vin nhn vin v p ng yu cu ca php

lut.

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- Thu ht nhn vin : Cc doanh nghip cng tr lng cao cng c kh nng thu

ht c nhng ng vin gii t trn th trng a phng

- Duy tr nhng nhn vin gii : duy tr nhng nhn vin gii cho doanh

nghip, tr lng cao cha m cn phi th hin tnh cng bng trong ni

b doanh nghip.

- Kch thch, ng vin nhn vin : tt c cc yu t cu thnh trong thu nhp ca

ngi lao ng : lng c bn, thng, phc li, tr cp cn c s dng c

hiu qu nhm to ra ng lc kch thch cao nht i vi nhn vin.

- p ng yu cu ca php lut : nhng vn c bn ca php lut lin quan

n tr cng lao ng trong cc doanh nghip thng ch trng n cc vn

sau y : quy nh v lng ti thiu, quy nh v thi gian v iu kin lm

vic, quy nh v lao ng tr em, cc khan ph cp trong lng, cc quy

nh v phc li x hi nh bo him x hi, m au, thai sn, tai nn lao

ng, (Dung, 2000).

Hu ht mi ngi khi ni n vic lm v cht lng cng vic thng nh

gi, o lng bng thu nhp ca cng vic mang li. Do , thu nhp c xem

nh thc o cho cng vic cng nh s thnh t ca nhn vin trong cng

vic.

Thu nhp cao lm cho con ngi thy tha mn hn v mt vt cht t

an tm cng hin, ch trng n cng vic nhiu hn v c gng chng minh gi

tr ca mnh nhiu hn. Do , tc ng rt ln n tinh thn lm vic ca nhn

vin, tc ng ny th hin nhng kha cnh sau :

9 Khi c hng thu nhp m ngi lao ng cho l xng ng vi cng hin ca h, h s phn khi nhit tnh trong cng vic.

9 H t c nh b i tm mt vic khc trong khi ang lm v tm hi lng vi thu nhp ca mnh.

9 H c tinh thn v trch nhim cao hn vi cng vic m h ph trch.

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9 H c tnh k lut cao hn trong vic chp hnh ni quy v t ch trong cng vic hn.

Nh vy gi thuyt c t ra :

H 1: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

2.1.3.2 iu kin lm vic thun li

Mi trng lm vic lun c ngi lao ng quan tm bi v mi trng

lm vic lin quan ti s thun tin c nhn song ng thi n cng l nhn t

gip h han thnh tt nhim v. Ngi lao ng khng thch nhng mi trng

lm vic nguy him, bt li v khng thun tin. Nhit , nh sng, ting n v

cc yu t mi trng khc phi ph hp. Hn na, nhiu ngi lao ng thch

lm vic gn nh, vi cc phng tin lm vic sch s, hin i, v cc trang thit

b ph hp (Lam, 1998).


H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t

chc hn.

2.1.3.3 S ph hp mc tiu

S ph hp mc tiu khi nhn vin nhn thy cc mc tiu v gi tr ca h

ph hp v h cam kt vi cc mc tiu v gi tr ca cng ty (Hart, 1994;

Vancouver & Schmitt, 1991). S ph hp mc tiu cng tng ng vi khi

nim v s ph hp c nhn-t chc, c nh ngha l s ph hp ca nhng gi

tr v nim tin c nhn vi cc quy tc v gi tr ca t chc (Netemeyer & ctg,

1997; OReilly & ctg, 1991). nh ngha khc v s ph hp c nhn-mi trng

bao gm s ph hp c nhn-nhm v c nhn-cng vic. D sao i na, s ph

hp c nhn-t chc (s ph hp mc tiu) l c s d an quan trng nht trong

nhiu yu t c nghin cu (Chatman, 1991; Kristof, 1996; Van Vianen, 2000).

S ph hp mc tiu c kt hp vi nhng kt qu hnh vi v nh hng, v d

nh ti chc lu hn, tn tm vi t chc hn v thc hin cng vic tt hn

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(OReilly & ctg, 1991; Vancouver & Schmitt, 1991). Nghin cu trong hoch nh

bn hng ch ra rng s ph hp mc tiu l iu kin tin quyt cho thi lm

vic tch cc v cc hnh vi nhn vin (Netemeyer & ctg, 1997). Cam kt i vi

mc tiu v gi tr ca t chc c vai tr quan trng trong lnh vc dch v v bn

l. Vic thc hin cc chnh sch v hot ng ca mt t chc c lin quan n

dch v i hi s cam kt ca nhn vin i vi cc mc tiu v gi tr ca n

(Hartline & ctg, 2000).


H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn.

2.1.3.4 H tr t cp trn

Hnh vi h tr t cp trn l trng tm ch ca nhiu cuc nghin cu

(Podsakoff & ctg,1996). H tr t cp trn c nh ngha l mc ca vic

cn nhc v h tr m nhn vin nhn c t nhng ngi gim st (Netemeyer

& ctg, 1997). Mt ngi lnh o bit gip phi c nng lc v i x vi nhn

vin cng bng, khuyn khch giao tip hai chiu, v nhn ra s ng gp ca cc

nhn vin nhm thc hin ha mc tiu ca t chc (Humphreys, 2002; Singh,

2000).


H 4 : C s h tr t cp trn lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn.

2.1.3.5 ng nghip ng h

Hnh vi ca ngi lnh o cng l nhn t ch yu xc nh s tha mn. S

tha mn ca ngi lao ng tng ln khi ngi lnh o ca h l ngi hiu

bit, thn thin, bit a ra nhng li khen ngi khi ngi lao ng thc hin tt

cng vic, bit lng nghe kin ca ngi lao ng, v bit quan tm n li ch

ca ngi lao ng (Lam, 1998).

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H5 : c ng nghip ng h th nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn.

2.1.3.6 Khen thng cng bng

Khen thng cng bng tn ti khi cc nhn vin nhn thy h c khen

thng xng ng vi p lc cng vic v vai tr h han thnh (Netemeyer &

ctg, 1997). Khen thng cng bng c xy dng da trn khi nim v cng

bng phn phi (Lane & Messe, 1971). Khi nim cng bng cha ng c s

cng bng phn pht v th tc. D sao i na, nghin cu trc y ch ra rng

s cng bng phn phi quan trng trong mi quan h vic lm hn l cng bng

th tc (Netemeyer & ctg, 1997; Organ, 1998).

L thuyt cng bng ch ra mi c nhn tun theo mt quy tc cng bng ring

chi phi thi v hnh vi ca h (Lane & Messe, 1971). iu ny cho thy nhn

vin c khen thng cng bng s c quan im tch cc hn v sn sng hnh

ng theo chiu hng h tr t chc.


H 6 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn.

2.1.3.7 Trao quyn

S trao quyn tn ti khi nhng ngi gim st tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh

ca nhng ngi h tr v khuyn khch h s dng sng kin (Conger &

Kanungo, 1998; Hartline & ctg, 2000). S trao quyn gn ngha vi t qun nhim

v (Singh, 2000, Varca, 2001). Trung tm ca c hai khi nim ny l s sn sng

ca ngi gim st cho cp di quyn ra quyt nh trong phm vi quy nh

v s dng sng kin. S trao quyn c th l mt cng c tng hiu qu t

chc. Bi v, n c th nng cao nim tin vo kh nng thc hin cng vic ca

nhn vin (Conger & Kanungo, 1988). S trao quyn c bit quan trng i vi

---15 ---

cc nhn vin tip xc khch hng bi v n to ra s linh ng trong vic p ng

cc yu cu ca khch hng (Bowen & Lawler, 1992).

Nh vy gi thuyt c t ra:

H 7 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn vin

trung thnh vi t chc hn.

2.2 Thang o s dng trong m hnh nghin cu

Thang o trong m hnh nghin cu gm c thang o cc thnh phn c lp

v thang o cc thnh phn ph thuc.

2.2.1 Thang o cc thnh phn c lp

Thang o cc thnh phn c lp gm cc thang o sau :

2.2.1.1 Thnh phn thu nhp cao

Thnh phn thu nhp cao c o lng bi 3 bin quan st sau :

1) Mc lng hin ti ca ti l tng xng vi nng lc lm vic ca ti.

2) Ti han ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti ca ti.

3) Ti cho rng cng ty ti ang lm vic tr lng rt cng bng.

2.2.1.2 Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li

Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li c o lng bi 4 bin quan st

sau :

1) Trang thit b h tr cho cng vic ca ti ti ni ti lm vic rt tt.

2) Phng c ni ti lm vic thang mt lm cho ti cm thy rt tha mi. 3) Nhit , nh sng, ting n cng ty rt ph hp vi cng vic ca ti. 4) Ti cm thy rt an tan ti ni lm vic ca ti.

2.2.1.3 Thnh phn s ph hp mc tiu

Thnh phn s ph hp mc tiu c o lng bi 4 bin quan st sau :

---16 ---

1) Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t

chc.

2) Ti cam kt thc hin mc tiu ca t chc ra. 3) Ti ng vi ng li kinh doanh ca t chc. 4) Mc tiu pht trin ca ti tng ng vi mc tiu ca t chc.

2.2.1.4 Thnh phn h tr t cp trn

Thnh phn h tr t cp trn c o lng bi 3 bin quan st sau :

1) Ti lun lun c s h tr t cp trn trc tip trong mi lnh vc.

2) Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh. 3) Ti thng nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi s vic xu i.

2.2.1.5 Thnh phn ng nghip ng h

Thnh phn ng nghip ng h c o lng bi 2 bin quan st sau :

1) Cp trn ca ti lun lun lng nghe kin v quan tm n li ch ca

nhn vin.

2) Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn.

2.2.1.6 Thnh phn khen thng cng bng

Thnh phn khen thng cng bng c o lng bi 5 bin quan st sau

:

1) Ti c xt thng cng bng trong vic han thnh vai tr ca ti.

2) Ti c xt thng cng bng qua trch nhim cng vic. 3) Ti c xt thng cng bng qua nhng n lc b ra. 4) Ti c xt thng cng bng khi lm vic di p lc cao. 5) Ti c xt thng cng bng khi han thnh tt cng vic.

2.2.1.7 Thnh phn trao quyn

Thnh phn trao quyn c o lng bi 5 bin quan st sau :

---17 ---

1) Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin.

2) Cp trn trao quyn cho ti ra quyt nh. 3) Cp trn tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh ca ti. 4) Cp trn khuyn khch ti s dng quyn quyt nh c trao. 5) Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca ti.

2.2.2 Thang o v s trung thnh

Thnh phn s trung thnh c o lng bi 3 bin quan st sau :

1) Ti sn lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm

vic tt.

2) Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty.

3) Ti s li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng hp dn hn.

2.3 M hnh nghin cu

2.3.1 M hnh nghin cu mu

Hnh 2.1: M hnh nghin cu mu

Uy tn lnh o

ng vin tinh thn

Quan tm n c nhn

Lng trung thnh ca nhn vin

S tha mn ca nhn vin

Khuyn khch vn dng nng lc tr tu nhn vin

---18 ---

Cc gi thit ca m hnh :

- H 1: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 4 : C s h tr t cp trn lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H5 : c ng nghip ng h th nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 6 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 7 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

Da vo m hnh nghin cu ca tc gi Trn Th Thu Trang (2006) trn v

qu trnh nghin cu nh tnh ta xy dng c m hnh nghin cu sau :

---19 ---

Hnh 2.2 : M hnh nghin cu

H tr t cp trn

ng nghip ng h

Khen thng cng bng

Trao quyn

Thu nhp cao

iu kin lm vic thun li

S ph hp mc tiu

S trung thnh

---20 ---

Tm tt chng 2

Nhng tiu chun nh gi lng trung thnh bao gm : Sn lng gii thiu

cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt, sn lng gii thiu cc sn phm v

dch v ca cng ty, c nh gn b lu di vi cng ty.

Nhn vin trung thnh c khuynh hng lm vic tt hn c nhng g khch

hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao kh nng tt nht ca h. C

hai c im ny u rt quan trng trong vic gi li cho cng ty nhng khch

hng trung thnh v em v doanh thu cao. Nhn vin trung thnh s li lm

vic vi cng ty lu di, v vy cng ty s trnh c nhng khan chi ph ng k

cho vic thay th nhn vin.

Cc gi thit nghin cu c xy dng l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic

thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, c s h tr t cp trn, c ng nghip ng h,

khen thng cng bng v c trao quyn trong cng vic s lm cho nhn vin

trung thnh vi t chc hn.

M hnh nghin cu gm mt bin ph thuc l : s trung thnh v by bin

c lp l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, h tr

t cp trn, ng nghip ng h, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.

---21 ---

CHNG 3

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.1 Thit k nghin cu

Nghin cu s c tin hnh theo 2 giai on l nghin cu nh tnh v

nghin cu nh lng c th hin theo lu sau :

Hnh 3.1 : Lu thit k nghin cu

Tho lun tay i

Nghin cu nh tnh

n = 23

Nghin cu nh lng

Phng vn bng bng cu hi

X l, phn tch d liu

n = 600

Giai on 1

Giai on 2

Phn mm SPSS 11.5

Kt qu nghin cu

---22 ---

3.1.1 Nghin cu nh tnh

Bc u tin nghin cu nh tnh l iu chnh thang o. Cc bin c iu

chnh v b sung cho ph hp bng hnh thc tho lun tay i theo mt ni dung

c chun b trc da theo cc thang o c sn. Ni dung tho lun s c ghi

nhn, tng hp lm c s cho vic iu chnh v b sung cc bin.

Cc thng tin cn thu thp :

- Xc nh xem cc trng phng qun l nhn s hiu v nhu cu ca nhn

vin nh th no ? Theo h, cc yu t no lm cho nhn vin trung thnh

vi t chc hn.

- Xc nh xem nhn vin mong i g trong t chc? theo nhn vin yu t

no lm h trung thnh vi t chc.

i tng phng vn :

- Thnh phn qun l : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng r

Kim V phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng nhn s. Ti Cng ty C

Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng

nhn s v mt Trng phng kinh doanh.

- Thnh phn nhn vin : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng

r Kim V phng vn trc tip mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.

Ti Cng Ty C Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip

mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.

Kt qu nghin cu s b s l c s dng thit k bng cu hi cho nghin

cu chnh thc. Bng cu hi trc khi pht hnh s tham kho kin ca chuyn

gia v thu thp th ti Cng Ty C Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao kim tra

th cch th hin v ngn ng trnh by.

---23 ---

3.1.2 Nghin cu nh lng

y l giai on nghin cu chnh thc vi k thut thu thp d liu l phng

vn thng qua bng cu hi. D liu thu thp c x l bng phn mm SPSS.

Sau khi m ha v lm sch d liu s tri qua cc phn tch chnh thc nh sau :

- nh gi tin cy cc thang o: tin cy ca thang o c nh gi

qua h s Cronbach alpha, qua cc bin khng ph hp s b loi nu h

s tng quan tng bin nh (0.6).

- Tip theo phn tch nhn t s c s dng kim nh s hi t ca cc

bin thnh phn v khi nim. Cc bin c h s tng quan n gia bin

v cc nhn t (factor loading) nh hn 0.5 s b loi. Phng php phn

tch Principal axis factoring vi php quay Promax s c thc hin v

im dng khi trch cc yu t c Eigenvalue ln hn 1.

- Kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh.

M hnh hi quy a bin v kim nh vi mc ngha 5% :

S trung thnh = B0 + B1 * Thu nhp cao + B2 * iu kin lm vic thun li +

B3 * S ph hp mc tiu + B4 * H tr t cp trn + B5 * ng nghip ng h +

B6 * Khen thng cng bng + B7 * Trao quyn

- Tip theo thc hin kim nh T-test v phn tch ANOVA (Analysis Of

Variance) gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m

hnh cu trc c kim nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca

mt vi nhm c th.

3.2 Nghin cu chnh thc

3.2.1 Nghin cu s b v hiu chnh thang o

C 23 c nhn i din cho b phn qun l v nhn vin tham gia phng vn

di hnh thc tho lun trc tip da trn dn bi c thit k sn.

---24 ---

Thnh phn nh sau :

- Thnh phn qun l : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng r

Kim V phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng nhn s. Ti Cng ty C

Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip mt Trng phng

nhn s v mt Trng phng kinh doanh.

- Thnh phn nhn vin : ti Cng ty TNHH thng mi sn xut thp khng

r Kim V phng vn trc tip mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.

Ti Cng Ty C Phn Thit B Chiu Sng nh Sao phng vn trc tip

mi nhn vin ca cc b phn khc nhau.

Kt qu t nghin cu s b c trnh by phn hiu chnh thang o tip theo.

3.2.2 Thit k thang o cho bng cu hi

Tt c cc bin quan st trong cc thnh phn u s dng thang o Likert 5

im. Vi la chn s 1 ngha l hon ton khng ng vi cu pht biu cho

n la chn s 5 ngha l hon ton ng vi cu pht biu.

3.2.3 Din t v m ha thang o

Bng 3.1 : Thang o cc thnh phn sau khi hiu chnh cc bin c lp

Thu nhp/lng cao 1 Mc lng hin ti ca ti l tng xng vi nng lc lm vic ca ti Q1.1 2 Ti han ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti ca ti Q1.2 3 Ti cho rng cng ty ti ang lm vic tr lng rt cng bng Q1.3

iu kin lm vic thun li 4 Trang thit b h tr cho cng vic ca ti ti ni ti lm vic rt tt Q2.1 5 Phng c ni ti lm vic thang mt lm cho ti cm thy rt tha mi Q2.2 6 Nhit , nh sng, ting n cng ty rt ph hp vi cng vic ca ti Q2.3 7 Ti cm thy rt an tan ti ni lm vic ca ti Q2.4

S ph hp mc tiu 8 Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t chc Q3.1 9 Ti cam kt thc hin mc tiu ca t chc ra Q3.2 10 Ti ng vi ng li kinh doanh ca t chc Q3.3 11 Mc tiu pht trin ca ti tng ng vi mc tiu ca t chc Q3.4

H tr t cp trn 12 Ti lun lun c s h tr t cp trn trc tip trong mi lnh vc Q4.1

---25 ---

13 Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh Q4.2 14 Ti thng nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi s vic xu i Q4.3

ng nghip ng h 15 Cp trn ca ti lun lng nghe kin v quan tm n li ch ca nhn vin Q5.1 16 Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn Q5.2

Khen thng cng bng 17 Ti c xt thng cng bng trong vic han thnh vai tr ca ti Q6.1 18 Ti c xt thng cng bng qua trch nhim cng vic Q6.2 19 Ti c xt thng cng bng qua nhng n lc b ra Q6.3 20 Ti c xt thng cng bng khi lm vic di p lc cao Q6.4 21 Ti c xt thng cng bng khi han thnh tt cng vic Q6.5

Trao quyn 22 Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin Q7.1 23 Cp trn trao quyn cho ti ra quyt nh Q7.2 24 Cp trn tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh ca ti Q7.3 25 Cp trn khuyn khch ti s dng quyn quyt nh c trao Q7.4 26 Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca ti Q7.5

Bng 3.2 : Thang o s trung thnh

S trung thnh 1 Ti sn lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt Y1 2 Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty Y2 3 Ti s li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng hp

dn hn Y3

3.2.4 Nghin cu nh lng

3.2.4.1 Thit k mu

a) Tng th nghin cu

Tng th mu l nhng ngi hin nay ang cng tc ti cc doanh nghip nh

: Cng ty trch nhim hu hn, Cng ty c phn, Doanh nghip t nhn, Doanh

nghip nh nc, Cng ty lin doanh v Doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi, bao

gm cc chc danh nh : nhn vin, t trng/chuyn vin, qun l.

b) Khung chn mu

Khung chn mu l mt b phn ca tng th c chn ra quan st. Khung

chn mu ca ti ny ch gii hn khu vc Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

---26 ---

c) Phng php chn mu

C 2 phng php chn mu l phng php chn mu xc sut v phng

php chn mu phi xc sut. Phng php chn mu xc sut l phng php

chn mu m nh nghin cu bit trc c xc sut tham gia vo mu ca phn

t. Phng php chn mu phi xc sut l phng php chn cc phn t tham gia

vo mu khng theo quy lut ngu nhin. Trong nghin cu ny, s dng phng

php chn mu xc xut.

d) Kch thc mu

Trong m hnh nghin cu trn, xc nh c 07 gi thuyt nghin cu

v 29 bin quan st, s dng thang o Likert 5. V vy, theo quy tc ti thiu l : 5

x 3 = 15 mu cho mt bin o lng (Bentle & Chou, 1987), do s mu tnh

ton ban u l : 29 x 15 = 435.

e) Cch ly mu

Phng php ly mu chn ngu nhin mt s hc vin ti cc lp hc ban

m (ti chc, vn bng 2, cao hc, ) mt s trng i hc ti Thnh ph H

Ch Minh (i hc Kinh T Thnh ph H Ch Minh, i hc M Thnh ph H

Ch Minh, i hc Khoa Hc T Nhin, i hc Cng Nghip, ).

3.2.4.2 Cc kt qu v thng tin v mu

Chi tit bng cu hi c trnh by trong phn Ph lc A.

C tt c 600 bng cu hi c gi trc tip n cc i tng nghin cu.

Trong qu trnh kho st, c mt s nhm i tng cha i lm v c mt s

bng cu hi b b trng nhiu hng. Tt c cc bng cu hi ny u c loi b

trc khi tin hnh nhp liu. Do , s lng bng cu hi chnh thc c tin

hnh nhp liu phn tch ch cn li 453 bng, t t l 76% so vi tng s

bng gi i.

---27 ---

3.2.4.3 Thu thp v phn tch d liu

S dng k thut x l d liu bng phn mm SPSS 11.5, tin hnh kim nh

thng qua cc bc sau :

1) nh gi s b thang o v tin cy ca bin o lng bng h s Cronbach

Alpha v gi tr (factor loading) bng phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA

(Exploratory Factor Analysis).

2) Kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu trc v ph hp tng th m hnh.

Tip theo thc hin phn tch ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) & T-Test gia cc

nhm i tng khc nhau vi cc thnh phn ca m hnh cu trc c kim

nh nhm tm ra s khc bit c ngha ca mt vi nhm c th.

---28 ---

Tm tt chng 3

Nghin cu c thc hin bng hai giai on, nghin cu nh tnh v nghin

cu nh lng.

Nghin cu nh tnh bng hnh thc tho lun tay i theo mt ni dung c

chun b trc da theo cc thang o c sn. Ni dung tho lun s c ghi nhn,

tng hp lm c s cho vic iu chnh v b sung cc bin.

Nghin cu nh lng vi k thut thu thp d liu l phng vn thng qua

bng cu hi. D liu thu thp c x l bng phn mm SPSS. Sau khi m ha

v lm sch d liu s tri qua cc phn tch chnh thc nh sau : nh gi tin

cy v gi tr cc thang o, phn tch nhn t s c s dng kim nh s hi

t ca cc bin thnh phn v khi nim, kim nh cc gi thuyt m hnh cu

trc v ph hp tng th m hnh. Tip theo thc hin phn tch T-test v

ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) gia cc nhm i tng khc nhau.

---29 ---

CHNG 4

KT QU NGHIN CU

4.1 Tng hp kt qu kho st

4.1.1 Kt qu kho st v gii tnh

Theo kt qu kho st, tng s lng nhn vin n l 283 ngi chim khang

62.5% v tng s lng nhn vin nam l 170 ngi chim khang 37.5%.

Bng 4.1: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo gii tnh

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative

Percent Valid nu 283 62.5 62.5 62.5 nam 170 37.5 37.5 100.0 Total 453 100.0 100.0

4.1.2 Kt qu kho st v tui

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l tui t 21-30 tui c khong

351 ngi chim 77.5% (trong n c 241 ngi v nam c 110 ngi). Tip

theo l tui t 31-40 tui c khang 90 ngi chim khang 19.9% (trong

n c 36 ngi v nam c 54 ngi). Cn li hai nhm tui 40 chim s

lng rt t khang 12 ngi.

Bng 4.2: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo tui

gioi tinh Group Total nu nam

Count Col % Count Col % Count Col % 41 tuoi 4 1.4% 6 3.5% 10 2.2%Group Total 283 100.0% 170 100.0% 453 100.0%

---30 ---

4.1.3 Kt qu kho st v trnh

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l nhng ngi c trnh i hc c

khong 274 ngi chim 60.5% (trong n c 155 ngi v nam c 119 ngi).

K tip l nhng ngi c trnh cao ng c khang 83 ngi chim khang

18.3% (trong n c 67 ngi v nam c 16 ngi). Tip theo l nhng ngi

c trnh trung cp c khang 53 ngi chim khang 11.7% (trong n c 39

ngi v nam c 14 ngi), tip theo l nhng ngi c trnh trung hc ph

thng c khang 35 ngi chim khang 7.7% (trong n c 20 ngi v nam

c 15 ngi) cn li l nhng ngi c trnh trn i hc khang 8 ngi (2 n

v 6 nam) chim khang 1.8%.

Bng 4.2: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo trnh

gioi tinh Group Total nu nam Count Col %

Count Col % Count Col % THPT 20 7.1% 15 8.8% 35 7.7%trung cap 39 13.8% 14 8.2% 53 11.7%cao dang 67 23.7% 16 9.4% 83 18.3%dai hoc 155 54.8% 119 70.0% 274 60.5%

trinh do van hoa

tren dai hoc 2 .7% 6 3.5% 8 1.8%Group Total 283 100.0% 170 100.0% 453 100.0%

4.1.4 Kt qu kho st v v tr cng tc

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l nhng ngi lm vic v tr nhn

vin c khong 313 ngi chim 69.1% (trong n c 223 ngi v nam c 90

ngi). K tip l t trng/chuyn vin c khang 84 ngi chim khang 18.5%

(trong n c 40 ngi v nam c 44 ngi). Cn li l qun l c khang 56

ngi chim 12.4% (trong n c 20 ngi v nam c 36 ngi).

---31 ---

Bng 4.4: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo v tr cng tc


Count Col % Count Col % Count Col % nhan vien 223 78.8% 90 52.9% 313 69.1%to truong/chuyen vien 40 14.1% 44 25.9% 84 18.5%

vi tri cong tac quan ly 20 7.1% 36 21.2% 56 12.4%Group Total 283 100.0% 170 100.0% 453 100.0%

4.1.5 Kt qu kho st theo loi hnh doanh nghip

Theo kt qu kho st, s lng ln nht l nhng ngi lm vic cho cng ty

c phn c khong 130 ngi chim 28.7% (trong n c 76 ngi v nam c

54 ngi). K tip l nhng ngi lm vic cho cng ty trch nhim hu hn c

khang 125 ngi chim khang 27.6% (trong n c 94 ngi v nam c 31

ngi). S ngi lm vic cho cng ty nh nc v doanh nghip t nhn u c

s lng nh nhau l 72 ngi mi loi hnh doanh nghip chim khang 15.9%.

Lm vic cho doanh nghip 100% vn nc ngoi c khang 28 ngi chim

6.2%, cui cng lm vic trong cng ty lin doanh l c s lng t nht c

khang 26 ngi chim khang 11.7%.

Bng 4.5: Kt qu kho st s lng nhn vin theo loi hnh doanh nghip


Count Col % Count Col % Count Col % TNHH 94 33.2% 31 18.2% 125 27.6%CP 76 26.9% 54 31.8% 130 28.7%DNTN 47 16.6% 25 14.7% 72 15.9%NN 37 13.1% 35 20.6% 72 15.9%LD 12 4.2% 14 8.2% 26 5.7%

loai hinh doanh nghiep

100%VNN 17 6.0% 11 6.5% 28 6.2%Group Total 283 100.0% 170 100.0% 453 100.0%

---32 ---

4.2 Thng k m t

4.2.1 Cc nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin

Kt qu thng k cho thy, nhn vin nh gi cc nhn t t rt thp n rt

cao. Ngha l, vi cng mt pht biu, c nhn vin han tan ng , nhng cng

c nhn vin han tan khng ng . iu ny c th l gii c l do mu thu

thp trn nhiu doanh nghip khc nhau m mi doanh nghip th c cc chnh

sch qun l nhn s khc nhau.

Nhn chung, gi tr trung bnh (mean) ca cc bin c lp c s khc bit kh

cao (mean=2.87 4.12), iu ny chng t c s nh gi khc nhau v mc

quan trng gia cc bin c lp.

---33 ---

Bng 4.6: Thng k m t cc nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn

vin Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std.

Deviation Skewness Kurtosis

Min Max

Statistic Std.

Error Statistic StatisticStd.

Error Statistic Std.

Error Q1.1 1 5 3.06 .06 1.341 -.130 .115 -1.286 .229 Q1.2 1 5 2.87 .06 1.287 .090 .115 -1.151 .229 Q1.3 1 5 3.02 .06 1.354 -.093 .115 -1.248 .229 Q2.1 1 5 3.38 .06 1.261 -.454 .115 -.967 .229 Q2.2 1 5 3.41 .06 1.274 -.507 .115 -.837 .229 Q2.3 1 5 3.50 .06 1.242 -.613 .115 -.661 .229 Q2.4 1 5 3.68 .06 1.191 -.741 .115 -.289 .229 Q3.1 1 5 3.77 .06 1.212 -.906 .115 -.136 .229 Q3.2 1 5 4.12 .05 1.034 -1.251 .115 1.026 .229 Q3.3 1 5 3.56 .05 1.152 -.661 .115 -.307 .229 Q3.4 1 5 3.46 .05 1.160 -.512 .115 -.547 .229 Q4.1 1 5 3.42 .06 1.216 -.596 .115 -.654 .229 Q4.2 1 5 3.36 .06 1.190 -.408 .115 -.805 .229 Q4.3 1 5 3.60 .05 1.149 -.708 .115 -.259 .229 Q5.1 1 5 3.80 .05 1.055 -.916 .115 .360 .229 Q5.2 1 5 3.78 .05 1.151 -.860 .115 -.013 .229 Q6.1 1 5 3.17 .06 1.283 -.283 .115 -1.078 .229 Q6.2 1 5 3.23 .06 1.210 -.350 .115 -.864 .229 Q6.3 1 5 3.25 .06 1.279 -.288 .115 -.997 .229 Q6.4 1 5 3.20 .06 1.274 -.263 .115 -1.003 .229 Q6.5 1 5 3.50 .06 1.282 -.563 .115 -.737 .229 Q7.1 1 5 3.79 .05 1.156 -.951 .115 .066 .229 Q7.2 1 5 3.29 .06 1.279 -.354 .115 -.994 .229 Q7.3 1 5 3.50 .06 1.176 -.478 .115 -.586 .229 Q7.4 1 5 3.51 .06 1.208 -.575 .115 -.563 .229 Q7.5 1 5 3.68 .05 1.166 -.743 .115 -.260 .229

4.2.2 S trung thnh ca nhn vin

Cc bin quan st trong thang o s trung thnh ca nhn vin, Y1 (Ti sn

lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt), Y2

(Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty), Y3 (Ti s

li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng hp dn

---34 ---

hn) vi gi tr trung bnh kh cao (mean =3.72; 3.84; 3.17). iu ny cho thy

nhn vin rt mong mun gn b lu di vi doanh nghip m h ang lm vic.

Bng 4.7 : Thng k m t cc bin thuc thnh phn s trung thnh ca nhn

vin

Descriptive Statistics

Mean Std. Deviation Skewness Kurtosis Min Max

Statistic Std. Error Statistic Statistic Std.

Error Statistic Std.

Error Y1 1 5 3.72 .06 1.256 -.747 .115 -.435 .229 Y2 1 5 3.84 .05 1.141 -.861 .115 -.020 .229 Y3 1 5 3.17 .06 1.313 -.190 .115 -1.097 .229

4.3 nh gi thang o

Thang o c nh gi tin cy thng qua hai cng c l h s Cronbach

Alpha v phn tch nhn t. H s Cronbach Alpha c s dng loi cc bin

rc, cc bin c h s tng quan tng bin (Corrected item total correlation)

nh hn 0.3 s b loi v thang o s c chn khi h s Cronbach Alpha ln hn

0.6 (Nunnally & Bernstein, 1994).

tin cy c dng m t li ca php o, bi v ta khng th bit

chnh xc mc bin thin ca bin ng v bin li, khng th tnh c trc

tip mc tin cy ca thang o. Tuy nhin, chng ta c th thit lp tin cy

da vo h s Cronbach Alpha. H s ny cho bit mc tng quan gia cc

bin trong bng cu hi, c dng tnh s thay i ca tng bin v mi tng

quan gia cc bin (Bob E.Hays, 1983).

4.3.1 Thang o cc bin c lp

Thnh phn Thu nhp/lng cao c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.76 v h s

tng quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn t

yu cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.

---35 ---

Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.84 v

h s tng quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3

nn t yu cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.

Thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.79 v h s



Thnh phn H tr t cp trn c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.80 v h s



Thnh phn ng nghip ng h c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.84 v h s



Thnh phn Khen thng cng bng c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.92 v h

s tng quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn

t yu cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.

Thnh phn Trao quyn c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.87 v h s tng quan

tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn t yu cu

a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.

4.3.2 Thang o s trung thnh

Thnh phn S trung thnh c h s Cronbach Alpha = 0.84 v h s tng

quan tng bin (Corrected Item Total Correlation) u ln hn 0.3 nn t yu

cu a vo phn tch nhn t tip theo.

4.4 Phn tch nhn t

4.4.1 Phn tch nhn t

H s (Kaiser Meyer Olkin) KMO l mt ch s dng xem xt s thch

hp ca phn tch nhn t. Tr s ca KMO ln (gia 0.5 v 1) c ngha l phn

---36 ---

tch nhn t l thch hp, cn nu nh tr s ny nh hn 0.5 th phn tch nhn t

c kh nng khng thch hp vi cc d liu. (Trng & Ngc, 2005).

Cc bin c h s truyn ti (Factor loading) nh hn 0.5 s b loi, im dng

khi Eigenvalue (i din cho phn bin thin c gii thch bi mi nhn t) ln

hn 1 v tng phng sai trch ln hn 50% (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988).

Php trch Principal axis factoring vi php quay Promax s c s dng

trong phn tch nhn t thang o cc thnh phn c lp. Dng phng php trch

nhn t Principal axis factoring vi php quay Promax s phn nh cu trc d

liu chnh xc hn dng phng php Principal component vi php quay

Varimax (Gerbing & Anderson, 1988).

T hp thang o trn sau khi loi b cc bin giai on nh gi tin cy

cn li 26 bin. Qu trnh phn tch nhn t ca t hp thang o ny tri qua 2

bc. Kt qu phn tch c th ca mi bc c th hin trong phn Ph lc.

Bc 1, c 26 bin quan st c a vo phn tch theo tiu chun

Eigenvalue ln hn 1 th ch c 6 nhn t c rt ra. Trong bng ny (Ph lc B)

c Cumulative = 68.255% cho bit 6 nhn t u tin gii thch c 68.255%

bin thin ca d liu. H s KMO = 0.91(>0.5). Tuy nhin, bin quan st Q7.1 b

loi do c h s truyn ti qu thp.

Bc 2, sau khi loi b bin quan st Q7.1, 25 bin quan st cn li c a

vo phn tch theo tiu chun Eigenvalue ln hn 1 vn ch 6 nhn t c rt ra.

Trong bng ny (Ph lc B) Cumulative tng ln 69.38% v h s KMO = 0.909

(>0.5). H s truyn ti ca cc bin quan st u t 0.5 tr ln.

4.4.2 t tn v gii thch nhn t

Vic gii thch cc nhn t c thc hin trn c s nhn ra cc bin quan st

c h s truyn ti (factor loading) ln cng mt nhn t. Nh vy, nhn t ny

c th gii thch bng cc bin c h s ln i vi bn thn n.

---37 ---

Trong ma trn nhn t sau khi xoay trong bng ny (Ph lc B), nhn t 3 tp

hp cc bin quan st t cc thnh phn H tr t cp trn v ng nghip

ng h bao gm cc bin quan st Q4.1, Q4.2, Q4.3, Q5.1, Q5.2. Yu t ny bao

gm cc hnh vi v mi quan h ca cc nh lnh o i vi nhn vin m mnh

qun l trc tip. V vy, nhn t ny c th t tn l nhn t Quyt nh qun

l. Cc bin quan st ca 5 nhn t cn li l : Thu nhp/lng cao , iu

kin lm vic thun li, S ph hp mc tiu, Khen thng cng bng,

Trao quyn khng c s bin i so vi ban u.

4.4.3 Din gii kt qu

Kt qu phn tch nhn t a ra m hnh o lng s trung thnh ca nhn

vin i vi t chc l t hp ca cc thang o : Thu nhp/lng cao; iu kin

lm vic thun li; S ph hp mc tiu; Quyt nh qun l; Khen thng

cng bng; Trao quyn.

Cc bin quan st thuc cc thnh phn : Thu nhp/lng cao; iu kin lm

vic thun li; S ph hp mc tiu; Khen thng cng bng; Trao quyn c

h s truyn ti tp trung cao mt nhn t theo d kin ban u. Ngha l cc

nhm bin quan st ny c tng quan cht vi nhn t ban u.

Nhm nhn t Quyt nh qun l bao gm cc bin quan st thuc cc thnh

phn : H tr t cp trn v ng nghip ng h.

Kt qu phn tch nhn t bao gm cc thnh phn sau :

Thnh phn Thu nhp/lng cao

M t Bin1 Mc lng hin ti ca ti l tng xng vi nng lc lm vic ca ti Q1.1 2 Ti han ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti ca ti Q1.2 3 Ti cho rng cng ty ti ang lm vic tr lng rt cng bng Q1.3

---38 ---

Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li

M t Bin1 Trang thit b h tr cho cng vic ca ti ti ni ti lm vic rt tt Q2.1 2 Phng c ni ti lm vic thang mt lm cho ti cm thy rt tha mi Q2.2 3 Nhit , nh sng, ting n cng ty rt ph hp vi cng vic ca ti Q2.3 4 Ti cm thy rt an tan ti ni lm vic ca ti Q2.4

Thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu

M t Bin1 Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t chc Q3.1 2 Ti cam kt thc hin mc tiu ca t chc ra Q3.2 3 Ti ng vi ng li kinh doanh ca t chc Q3.3 4 Mc tiu pht trin ca ti tng ng vi mc tiu ca t chc Q3.4

Thnh phn Quyt nh qun l

M t Bin1 Ti lun lun c s h tr t cp trn trc tip trong mi lnh vc Q4.1 2 Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh Q4.2 3 Ti thng nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi s vic xu i Q4.3 4 Cp trn ca ti lun lng nghe kin v quan tm n li ch ca nhn vin Q5.1 5 Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn Q5.2

Thnh phn Khen thng cng bng

M t Bin1 Ti c xt thng cng bng trong vic han thnh vai tr ca ti Q6.1 2 Ti c xt thng cng bng qua trch nhim cng vic Q6.2 3 Ti c xt thng cng bng qua nhng n lc b ra Q6.3 4 Ti c xt thng cng bng khi lm vic di p lc cao Q6.4 5 Ti c xt thng cng bng khi han thnh tt cng vic Q6.5

Thnh phn Trao quyn

M t Bin1 Cp trn trao quyn cho ti ra quyt nh Q7.2 2 Cp trn tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh ca ti Q7.3 3 Cp trn khuyn khch ti s dng quyn quyt nh c trao Q7.4 4 Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca ti Q7.5

---39 ---

4.5 M hnh iu chnh

Hnh 4.1 : M hnh nghin cu hiu chnh

Quyt nh qun l

Khen thng cng bng

Trao quyn

Thu nhp cao

iu kin lm vic thun li

S ph hp mc tiu

S trung thnh

---40 ---

Trong m hnh ny, bin ph thuc l S trung thnh. Cc bin c lp ln

lt l : Thu nhp/lng cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, S ph hp mc

tiu, Quyt nh qun l, Khen thng cng bng, Trao quyn.

Cc gi thuyt ca m hnh :

- H 1: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 4 : Quyt nh qun l ph hp lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 5 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

- H 6 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

4.6 Kim nh m hnh

Sau khi qua giai on phn tch nhn t, c 6 nhn t c a vo kim nh

m hnh. Gi tr nhn t l trung bnh ca cc bin quan st thnh phn thuc nhn

t . Phn tch tng quan Pearson c s dng xem xt s ph hp khi a

cc thnh phn vo m hnh hi quy. Kt qu ca phn tch hi quy s c s

dng kim nh cc gi thuyt t H1 n H6.

4.6.1 Kim nh h s tng quan Pearson

Kim nh h s tng quan Pearson dng kim tra mi lin h tuyn tnh

gia cc bin c lp v bin ph thuc. Nu cc bin c tng quan cht ch th

phi lu n vn a cng tuyn khi phn tch hi quy.

---41 ---

Theo ma trn tng quan th cc bin u c tng quan v c ngha mc

0.01. H s tng quan bin ph thuc l s trung thnh ca nhn vin v cc bin

c lp khc tng i cao, s b ta c th kt lun cc bin c lp ny c th

a vo m hnh gii thch cho bin s trung thnh ca nhn vin (Y). Nhng

h s tng quan gia cc bin c lp dao ng t 0.289 n 0.566 iu ny

chng ta cn xem xt vai tr ca cc bin c lp trn trong m hnh hi quy tuyn

tnh bi.

Bng 4.8 : Ma trn tng quan gia cc bin

Correlations Y Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6

Y 1 .404(**) .458(**) .572(**) .579(**) .530(**) .472(**)

Q1 .404(**) 1 .369(**) .362(**) .336(**) .537(**) .289(**)

Q2 .458(**) .369(**) 1 .486(**) .425(**) .395(**) .321(**)

Q3 .572(**) .362(**) .486(**) 1 .566(**) .510(**) .465(**)

Q4 .579(**) .336(**) .425(**) .566(**) 1 .561(**) .509(**)

Q5 .530(**) .537(**) .395(**) .510(**) .561(**) 1 .516(**)

Q6 .472(**) .289(**) .321(**) .465(**) .509(**) .516(**) 1** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

4.6.2 Phn tch hi quy

Phn tch hi quy c thc hin vi 6 bin c lp bao gm : Thu

nhp/lng cao (Q1), iu kin lm vic thun li (Q2), S ph hp mc tiu

(Q3), Quyt nh qun l (Q4), Khen thng cng bng (Q5), Trao quyn (Q6)

v bin ph thuc l S trung thnh ca nhn vin (Y). Kt qu thng k m t

ca cc bin a vo phn tch hi quy :

---42 ---

Bng 4.9 : Thng k m t cc nhn t ca m hnh

Descriptive Statistics

Min Max Mean Std.

Deviation Skewness Kurtosis Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Std. ErrorQ1 1.00 5.00 2.98 1.09 -.016 .115 -.897 .229

Q2 1.00 5.00 3.49 1.02 -.485 .115 -.539 .229

Q3 1.00 5.00 3.73 .89 -.844 .115 .328 .229

Q4 1.00 5.00 3.59 .90 -.789 .115 .383 .229

Q5 1.00 5.00 3.27 1.12 -.415 .115 -.686 .229

Q6 1.00 5.00 3.50 1.05 -.572 .115 -.274 .229

Y 1.00 5.00 3.58 1.08 -.581 .115 -.448 .229

Gi tr ca cc bin c lp c tnh trung bnh da trn cc bin quan st

thnh phn ca cc bin c lp . Gi tr ca bin ph thuc l gi tr trung bnh

ca cc bin quan st v s trung thnh ca nhn vin. Phn tch c thc hin

bng phng phn Enter. Cc bin c a vo cng mt lc xem bin no

c chp nhn. Kt qu phn tch hi quy nh sau :

Kt qu ny cho thy m hnh hi quy a ra tng i ph hp vi mc

ngha 0.05. H s R2 hiu chnh = 0.475 c ngha l c khang 47.5% phng sai

s trung thnh c gii thch bi 6 bin c lp l : Thu nhp/lng cao (Q1),

iu kin lm vic thun li (Q2), S ph hp mc tiu (Q3), Quyt nh qun l

(Q4), Khen thng cng bng (Q5) v Trao quyn (Q6).

Bng 4.10: Bng nh gi ph hp ca m hnh

Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R

Square Std. Error of the

Estimate 1 .694(a) .482 .475 .78171

a Predictors: (Constant), Q6, Q1, Q2, Q4, Q3, Q5

---43 ---

Kim nh F s dng trong bng phn tch phng sai l php kim nh gi

thuyt v ph hp ca m hnh hi quy tin tnh tng th. tng ca kim

nh ny v mi quan h tuyn tnh gia bin ph thuc v cc bin c lp. Trong

bng phn tch ANOVA, ta thy gi tr sig. rt nh (sig = 0.00), nn m hnh hi

quy ph hp vi tp d liu v c th s dng c.

Bng 4.11 : Bng kim nh ph hp ca m hnh

ANOVA(b)

Model Sum of Squares df

Mean Square F Sig.

1 Regression 252.982 6 42.164 69.000 .000(a) Residual 271.923 445 .611 Total 524.905 451

a Predictors: (Constant), Q6, Q1, Q2, Q4, Q3, Q5 b Dependent Variable: Y

Phn tch ANOVA cho gi tr F = 69 (sig = 0.00). Hin tng a cng tuyn

khng c nh hng n kt qu gii thch ca m hnh vi VIF ca mi bin ln

nht bng 2.049 (

---44 ---

Bng 4.12 : Kt qu hi quy s dng phng php Enter

Coefficients(a)

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients Collinearity Statistics

B Std. Error Beta

t

Sig.

Tolerance VIF (Constant) -.013 .185 -.069 .945Q1 .097 .041 .098 2.373 .018 .679 1.472Q2 .134 .043 .127 3.098 .002 .696 1.437Q3 .272 .055 .226 4.936 .000 .557 1.796Q4 .285 .056 .239 5.131 .000 .537 1.861Q5 .115 .047 .118 2.419 .016 .488 2.049Q6 .119 .044 .115 2.703 .007 .643 1.555

a Dependent Variable: Y

Din gii kt qu :

xc nh bin c lp no c vai tr quan trng hn i vi bin ph thuc,

ta dng h s tng quan ring phn (Partial correlations). Kt qu hi quy cho

thy thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c nh hng quan trng nht i vi s

trung thnh ca nhn vin (Partial = 0.236), k n l thnh phn S ph hp

mc tiu (Partial = 0.228), tip theo l thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li

(Partial = 0.145), tip theo l thnh phn Trao quyn (Partial = 0.127), tip theo l

thnh phn Khen thng cng bng (Partial = 0.114) v cui cng l thnh phn

Thu nhp cao (Partial = 0.112).

Bng 4.13: Bng xc nh tm quan trng ca cc bin c lp

Coefficients(a)

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients Correlations

Model B Std. Error Beta

t

Sig. Zero-

order Partial Part 1 (Constant) -.013 .185 -.069 .945 Q1 .097 .041 .098 2.373 .018 .404 .112 .081 Q2 .134 .043 .127 3.098 .002 .458 .145 .106 Q3 .272 .055 .226 4.936 .000 .572 .228 .168 Q4 .285 .056 .239 5.131 .000 .579 .236 .175 Q5 .115 .047 .118 2.419 .016 .530 .114 .083 Q6 .119 .044 .115 2.703 .007 .472 .127 .092

a Dependent Variable: Y

---45 ---

4.7 Kt qu kim nh gi thit

Cc gi thuyt ca m hnh :

H 1: Thu nhp cao s lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn. Thnh

phn Thu nhp cao c beta = 0.098, gi tr t = 2.373, sig = 0.018 nn gi thuyt

ny c chp nhn.

H 2 : iu kin lm vic thun li lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn. Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li c beta = 0.127, gi tr t = 3.098, sig

= 0.002 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.

H 3 : S ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

Thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu c beta = 0.226, gi tr t = 4.936, sig = 0.00 nn

gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.

H 4 : Quyt nh qun l ph hp lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc

hn. Thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c beta = 0.239, gi tr t = 5.131, sig = 0.00

nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.

H 5 : Khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

Thnh phn Khen thng cng bng c beta = 0.118, gi tr t = 2.419, sig = 0.00

nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.

H 6 : c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho nhn vin trung

thnh vi t chc hn. Thnh phn Trao quyn c beta = 0.115, gi tr t = 2.730,

sig = 0.00 nn gi thuyt ny c chp nhn.

Nhn vin cng chnh l khch hng ni b ca t chc nn kt qu ny c th

gii thch bng m hnh cht lng ca Kano nh sau :

Thnh phn lng cao thuc nhm c tnh mt chiu cng tng cng tt. Khi

nhn vin nhn c khang lng ph hp vi nng lc ca h v h cho rng

mc lng l cng bng i vi v tr cng vic m h m nhn th h s cm

thy c tha mn hn. Bn cnh , nu nh mc lng m h nhn c

---46 ---

trang tri cuc sng ca h th h s tha mi tinh thn tp trung vo cng vic,

t h s gn b vi t chc m h ang cng tc hn.

iu kin lm vic thun li, y l yu t phn nh mt phn v mi trng

lm vic. Khi nhn vin c lm vic trong mt mi trng vi trang thit b y

, tin li, khng kh thang mi, sch s, yn tnh v c bit h lun lun cm

thy c an tan th tinh thn ca h s c tha mi, nim tin ca h tng cao.

Do , h s cm thy ni lm vic cng ging nh nh th h s lm vic tch

cc hn, s yu thch ni lm vic hn. T h s khng mun ri xa ni lm

vic n mt ni lm vic khc.

Mc tiu pht trin ca nhn vin cng gn vi mc tiu pht trin ca t chc

th s trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc s gia tng. Tuy nhin, mc

tiu pht trin ca c hai u k vng l tng theo thi gian, vi tc tng trng

c th khc nhau nn nhn vin s trung thnh vi t chc khi c hai c cng mc

tiu pht trin.

Quyt nh qun l l yu t th hin phong cch lm vic ca ngi qun l

i vi nhn vin. Trong mt mi trng lm vic m ngi qun l lun lun sn

sng h tr cho nhn vin khi nhn vin cn, iu ny s to c tinh thn tha

mi cho nhn vin. Bn cnh , mi quan h gia nhng ngi qun l vi nhn

vin ci m, tha mi, ngi qun l lun lun l ch da tinh thn cho nhn vin

trong cng vic cng nh ngoi cng vic, s lm cho nhn vin cm thy tin

tng hn vo nhng ngi qun l v t chc, t h s trung thnh hn vi t

chc m mnh ang lm vic.

Yu t khen thng cng bng vn l yu t c bn c nh hng n s trung

thnh ca nhn vin. Nu ngi lao ng tin tng rng h c nhn ng phn

thng v c i ng tng xng vi cng sc ca h b ra, th h s duy tr

mc nng sc cao, h s n lc hn vi cng vic v h s gn b lu di hn vi

t chc.

---47 ---

Trao quyn, yu t ny th hin s t ch trong cng vic ca nhn vin, khi

mt nhn vin c trao mt quyn hn nht nh gii quyt cng vic th h s

ch ng hn trong cng vic, iu ny khng nhng pht huy c tnh nng

ng sng to ca nhn vin m cn th hin s tin tng ca nhng ngi qun

l i vi nng lc lm vic ca nhn vin. T lm cho nhn vin s tin tng

hn vo phng cch lm vic ca nhng ngi qun l v h s cm thy thch

th hn vi cng vic hin ti, do h s trung thnh hn vi t chc m h

ang lm vic.

4.8 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia phi nam v phi n

Kim nh Independent-samples T-test s cho ta bit c s khc bit v mc

trung thnh gia phi nam v n. Theo nh kt qu trong kim nh Levene

sig.>0.05 (sig = 0.611) nn phng sai gia phi nam v phi n khng khc

nhau. V vy, trong kt qu kim nh t ta s dng kt qu Equal varians assumed

c sig.>0.05 (sig = 0.592) nn ta kt lun khng c s khc bit c ngha v tr

trung bnh gia hai phi. Do , ta c th kt lun s trung thnh ca phi nam v

phi n l nh nhau.

Bng 4.14 :Kim nh mc trung thnh gia phi nam v phi n

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality of

Variances t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper Y Equal

variances assumed

.258 .611 .536 450 .592 .0562 .10484 -.14988 .26218

Equal variances not assumed

.535 354.71 .593 .0562 .10499 -.15032 .26263

---48 ---

4.9 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia nhng ngi c trnh khc nhau

Phn tch phng sai ANOVA (Analysis of variance) xem xt s khc bit

v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin theo trnh . Theo bng kt qu Test of

Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0.166 c th ni phng sai

nh gi v s trung thnh ca cc nhm hc vn khng khc nhau mt cch c

ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.

Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig.

---49 ---

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Y Tukey HSD

95% Confidence Interval(I) TRINHDO

(J) TRINHDO

Mean Difference

(I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound

Upper Bound

THPT trung cap .0275 .23053 1.000 -.6039 .6589cao dang -.3789 .21331 .389 -.9631 .2054dai hoc .1414 .19003 .946 -.3791 .6619

THPT

tren dai hoc -.9190 .41477 .176 -2.0551 .2170THPT -.0275 .23053 1.000 -.6589 .6039trung cap cao dang -.4064 .18610 .188 -.9161 .1033dai hoc .1139 .15887 .953 -.3212 .5490

trung cap

tren dai hoc -.9465 .40145 .129 -2.0461 .1530THPT .3789 .21331 .389 -.2054 .9631trung cap .4064 .18610 .188 -.1033 .9161cao dang dai hoc .5203(*) .13266 .001 .1569 .8836

cao dang

tren dai hoc -.5402 .39182 .642 -1.6133 .5330THPT -.1414 .19003 .946 -.6619 .3791trung cap -.1139 .15887 .953 -.5490 .3212cao dang -.5203(*) .13266 .001 -.8836 -.1569dai hoc

dai hoc

tren dai hoc -1.0604(*) .37965 .043 -2.1003 -.0206THPT .9190 .41477 .176 -.2170 2.0551trung cap .9465 .40145 .129 -.1530 2.0461cao dang .5402 .39182 .642 -.5330 1.6133dai hoc 1.0604(*) .37965 .043 .0206 2.1003

tren dai hoc

tren dai hoc * The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

4.10 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia nhng ngi c v tr cng tc khc nhau


v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin theo v tr cng tc. Theo bng kt qu Test

of Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0.81 c th ni phng sai

nh gi v s trung thnh ca cc nhm v tr cng tc khng khc nhau mt cch

c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch ANOVA c th s dng c.

---50 ---

Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig.

---51 ---

Multiple Comparisons Dependent Variable: Y Tukey HSD

95% Confidence Interval

(I) VITRI (J) VITRI

Mean Difference

(I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound

Upper Bound

nhan vien to truong/chuyen vien -.3429(*) .13117 .025 -.6514 -.0345

nhan vien

quan ly -.4183(*) .15486 .020 -.7825 -.0542nhan vien .3429(*) .13117 .025 .0345 .6514to truong/chuyen vien

to truong/chuyen vien

quan ly -.0754 .18409 .912 -.5083 .3575nhan vien .4183(*) .15486 .020 .0542 .7825to truong/chuyen vien .0754 .18409 .912 -.3575 .5083

quan ly

quan ly * The mean difference is significant at the .05 level.

4.11 Kim nh mc trung thnh gia nhng ngi lm vic cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau


v mc trung thnh ca nhn vin theo loi hnh doanh nghip. Theo bng kt

qu Test of Homogeneity of Variances, vi mc ngha sig = 0.153 c th ni

phng sai nh gi v s trung thnh ca cc nhm loi hnh doanh nghip

khng khc nhau mt cch c ngha thng k. Nh vy, kt qu phn tch

ANOVA c th s dng c.

Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA, vi mc ngha sig.>0.05 (sig = 0.183), nn

c th kt lun khng c s khc bit c ngha thng k v mc trung thnh

ca nhn vin cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau. Nh vy, ta c th kt lun

s trung thnh ca nhn vin lm vic cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau l

nh nhau.

---52 ---

Bng 4.17:Bng kim nh mc trung thnh theo loi hnh doanh nghip

Test of Homogeneity of Variances Y

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. 1.621 5 446 .153

ANOVA Y Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 8.776 5 1.755 1.517 .183Within Groups 516.129 446 1.157 Total 524.905 451

---53 ---

Tm tt chng 4

Trong chng ny trnh by kt qu phn tch bao gm nhng ni dung sau:

nh gi tin cy ca thang o thng qua h s Cronbach Alpha, phn tch

nhn t sau khi loi b cc bin khng t yu cu th c 6 nhn t c rt ra v

m hnh mi c hiu chnh sau khi t tn cho bin mi gm 6 nhn t l :

thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun

l, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.

Phn tch hi quy a bin v kim nh gi thuyt ca m hnh khng nh

nh sau : s trung thnh ca nhn vin chu s nh hng bi 6 nhn t l : thu

nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l,

khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.

Kim nh T-test v phn tch ANOVA cho cc kt qu nh sau : s trung

thnh ca phi nam v phi n l nh nhau; C s khc bit v s trung thnh gia

nhm c trnh cao ng v i hc, v nhm c trnh i hc v cao hc; C

s khc bit v s trung thnh gia nhm nhn vin v t trng/chuyn vin, v

nhm nhn vin v qun l; Khng c s khc bit v mc trung thnh ca

nhn vin lm vic cc loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau.

---54 ---

CHNG 5

KT LUN V KIN NGH

5.1 Kt qu v ng gp ca ti 5.1.1 Kt qu

M hnh nghin cu xut ban u gm by nhn t nh hng n s trung

thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc gm : Thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic

thun li, S ph hp mc tiu, H tr t cp trn, ng nghip ng h,

Khen thng cng bng v Trao quyn vi 26 bin quan st.

Sau khi nh gi tin cy ca thang o v phn tch nhn t, kt qu cc bin

quan st c a vo phn tch hi quy nhm thnh 6 nhn t. Trong , mt

nhn t mi c to ra da trn s kt hp ca cc bin quan st thuc hai thnh

phn : H tr t cp trn v ng nghip ng h c t tn l nhn t Quyt

nh qun l.

Kt qu phn tch hi quy a bin xc nh s trung thnh ca nhn vin

chu s nh hng bi 6 nhn t l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li,

s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn.

Trong , thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c nh hng quan trng nht i vi

s trung thnh ca nhn vin, k n l thnh phn S ph hp mc tiu, tip

theo l thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li, tip theo l thnh phn Trao

quyn, tip theo l thnh phn Khen thng cng bng v cui cng l thnh

phn Thu nhp cao.

Kim nh gi thuyt ca m hnh khng nh nh sau : Thu nhp cao s

lm cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn; iu kin lm vic thun li lm

cho nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn; s ph hp mc tiu lm cho nhn

vin trung thnh vi t chc hn; quyt nh qun l ph hp lm cho nhn vin

trung thnh vi t chc hn; khen thng cng bng lm cho nhn vin trung

---55 ---

thnh vi t chc hn v c trao quyn ra quyt nh trong cng vic lm cho

nhn vin trung thnh vi t chc hn.

Kim nh T-test v phn tch ANOVA cho cc kt qu nh sau : s trung

thnh ca phi nam v phi n l nh nhau. C s khc bit v s trung thnh gia

nhm c trnh cao ng v i hc, v nhm c trnh i hc v cao hc. C

s khc bit v s trung thnh gia nhm nhn vin v t trng/chuyn vin, v

nhm nhn vin v qun l. Mc trung thnh ca nhn vin lm vic cc loi

hnh doanh nghip khc nhau l nh nhau.

5.1.2 ng gp ca ti

Ngy nay, trong nn kinh t th trng s cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt, do

doanh nghip no mun tn ti v pht trin trong cuc chy ua ny th phi c

s chun b v nhiu mt nh ti chnh, uy tn, c s vt cht nhng quan trng

nht l ngun nhn lc. Vic xy dng chnh sch nhn s cnh tranh gi chn

nhng nhn vin c nng lc v thu ht nhn ti s ko theo h qu khc l t

chc s c nhiu tng mi gii quyt cng vic tt hn, nhn vin trung thnh

vi t chc s lm cho doanh s doanh nghip gia tng v gim ng k mt s chi

ph chnh l yu t cnh tranh so vi i th.

Chnh sch qun l nhn s nu c xy dng da trn tnh hnh thc t s

khch quan v mang tnh kh thi cao. Phm vi ca ti ch tp trung nhn dng

cc yu t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin v trn c s t chc

iu chnh li cho ph hp nhm hng n mc ch l : khi nhn vin trung

thnh vi t chc s tan tm tan tp trung vo cng vic v ra sc ng gp

cng sc ca mnh xy dng t chc. Kt qu mang li cho t chc l xy dng

mi trng lm vic tch cc, c s cnh tranh lnh mnh gia cc nhn vin trong

qu trnh lm vic, gim chi ph tuyn dng, hun luyn nhn vin mi. Bn cnh

, nhn vin s c khuynh hng lm vic tt hn c nhng g khch hng mong

i v lun c tinh thn lm vic cao kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im

---56 ---

ny u rt quan trng trong vic gi li cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung

thnh v em v doanh thu cao.

5.2 ngha thc tin v gii php

5.2.1 ngha thc tin

Kt qu nghin cu hi quy cho thy s trung thnh ca nhn vin ph thuc

vo cc yu t : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu,

quyt nh qun l, khen thng cng bng v trao quyn. Bn cnh , nghin

cu cng xc nh c tm quan trng ca cc bin c lp i vi bin ph

thuc nh sau : Thnh phn Quyt nh qun l c nh gi l c nh hng

quan trng nht i vi s trung thnh ca nhn vin, k n l thnh phn S

ph hp mc tiu, tip theo l thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li, tip

theo l thnh phn Trao quyn, tip theo l thnh phn Khen thng cng bng

v cui cng l thnh phn Thu nhp cao.

Kt qu kim nh T-test cho thy s trung thnh ca nhn vin trong doanh

nghip gia phi nam v phi n l nh nhau khng c s khc bit.

Phn tch ANOVA cho thy c s khc nhau v mc trung thnh gia

nhng ngi c trnh cao ng v nhng ngi c trnh i hc, nhng

ngi c trnh i hc mc trung thnh khc vi nhng ngi c trnh

cao hc.

Theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA ta thy nhng ngi lm vic v tr t

trng/chuyn vin v qun l th mc trung thnh ca h cng khc vi nhng

ngi lm vic v tr nhn vin, cn nhng ngi lm vic v tr t

trng/chuyn vin v nhng ngi lm vic v tr qun l th mc trung

thnh gia h l ging nhau.

Cng theo kt qu phn tch ANOVA cho thy, mc trung thnh ca nhn

vin lm vic nhng loi hnh doanh nghip khc nhau l nh nhau.

---57 ---

Vi kt qu ny gip cho cc nh qun l xy dng cc chnh sch v nhn s

cho ph hp trong iu kin cho php. Khi nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh

nghip s lm cho doanh s gia tng v gim ng k chi ph.

5.2.2 Kin ngh mt s gii php p dng kt qu nghin cu

Theo kt qu nghin cu, chng ta nhn dng c nhng yu t nh hng

n s trung thnh ca nhn vin l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun

li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l, khen thng cng bng v trao

quyn. Da theo kt qu ny, chng ta thc hin mt s gii php nhm nng cao

hiu qu trong cng tc qun tr nhn s nh sau :

Th nht, doanh nghip phi xy dng mt h thng lng cnh tranh, ty vo

loi hnh hot ng ca doanh nghip m c k hoch kho st, phn tch v xc

nh mc thu nhp cho hp l. Vic phn phi thu nhp phi gn vi tnh cht v

mc phc tp ca cng vic. Tin lng phi gn lin vi s pht trin kinh t

v mc sng ca ngi lao ng. Hng nm doanh nghip cn xem xt nh gi

iu chnh mc lng cho hp l v phi hng n ci thin cuc sng ca

ngi lao ng.

Bn cnh , cc doanh nghip cn phi xy dng h thng lng cng bng,

ng nht v r rng, trnh tnh trng trong cng mt cng ty m ch ginh cho

ngi mi vo khc han tan vi ngi c, to nn hai h thng lng. Cng

bng th hin s cng bng nhm, cng bng c nhn vi nhng han cnh cng

vic nh nhau. V mt tm l, nhn vin lun so snh kt qu lm vic ca mnh

vi thu nhp ca ngi khc, do vic tr lng khng cng bng s to cho h

cm gic khng hi lng v h s khng trung thnh vi t chc. Mc khc, doanh

nghip cn phi thc hin vic nh gi nhn vin mt cch chnh xc, khoa hc

tr lng theo nng lc v hiu qu lm vic gn lin vi iu kin v han cnh

han thnh cng vic c th.

---58 ---

Th hai, doanh nghip cn phi cung cp cho nhn vin mi trng lm vic l

tng cng nhng phng tin thch hp chn hn nh : mi trng lm vic

thang mt, sch p, nhit nh sng ph hp, cc cng c, dng c h tr

cng vic tng i y , nhn vin u t ti nng nhiu hn cho doanh

nghip. c bit l phi to ra mt mi trng lm vic sao cho tt c nhn vin

u cm thy an tan ti ni lm vic.

Th ba, doanh nghip cn phi xy dng mc tiu pht trin mt cch c th,

r rng v phi truyn thng ip ny n tng nhn vin. y l vic lm c

ngha rt quan trng nhn vin c th cng cng ty t n mc tiu. Bn cnh

, doanh nghip cn phi thc hin nhiu phng cch khc nhau nh hng

cho nhn vin hng vo mc tiu m doanh nghip t ra.

Th t, cc nh qun l phi th hin s quan tm, gip nhn vin, v vic

quan tm n nhn vin l rt quan trng. Mt nh qun l gii phi bit pht huy

ht nng lc v s nhit tnh trong cng vic ca cc nhn vin. Bn cnh cc k

nng chuyn mn, nh qun l cn c uy tn trong vic thu phc nhn tm ng

thi bit ng cm vi nhn vin v nm bt tm l ca h. Nh qun tr nhn s

cn thng xuyn tham kho kin ca nhn vin trong vic gii quyt cc vn

ny sinh trong cng vic, chia s nhng thng tin kinh doanh vi nhm nhn

vin thy c mi lin quan gia cng vic h ang lm v kt qu m cng ty

ang t c. C nh vy, cc nhn vin s cm thy mnh c coi trng, cm

thy trong s pht trin ca cng ty lun c phn ng gp no ca mnh. Bn

cnh s quan tm, coi trng nhn vin, nh qun tr nhn s nn t chc nhng

hot ng mang tnh cht vui chi, gii tr ti cng ty nh du nhng dp t

bit v c gng to ra mt mi trng thn thin mi ngi c th ci vui

trong vn phng cng nh dnh thi gian tm hiu mt cht v gia nh v cuc

sng ring t ca h. V khng ch ring nhng ngi lm cng tc nhn s mi

cn trang b cc kin thc v k nng qun l cn thit, nhng ngi lm cng tc

qun l ni chung, trng b phn cc phng ban vn phi lm cng tc nhn s

---59 ---

trong phm vi qun l ca h thc y, to ng lc cho cc nhn vin cp

di cng t c mc tiu chung.

Th nm, cc doanh nghip phi xem xt v kt lun mt cch cng bng v

khch quan v vic nhn vin c thc hin nhim v theo ng cc yu cu ra

hay khng, t thng cng xng ng cho cc c nhn xut sc v nhng c

gng ca h trong cng vic. Doanh nghip cn phi xy dng h thng phn phi

thu nhp v chnh sch thng tin, bt cho ph hp vi mong mun ca nhn

vin, v khi phn phi thu nhp c xem l cng bng da trn nhu cu cng

vic, cp k nng ca c nhn, v nhng tiu chun phn phi trong cng ng

th kt qu s lm cho nhn vin tha mn hn. Bn cnh , doanh nghip

cng cn a ra c hi thng tin cho tt c nhn vin l bnh ng nhau, bi v

nu nh nhn vin nhn thc rng cc quyt nh bt trong t chc l cng

bng th h s cm thy tha mn hn.

Th su, doanh nghip cn to ra mt mi trng tin tng ln nhau cho c i

bn. Nhn vin rt cn s nhn nhn, trn trng t nh qun l th hin qua vic

trao quyn t quyt, to c hi t nghin cu, hc hi v ng gp vo thnh

cng chung ca doanh nghip. Cc nh qun l cn giao ph cng vic da trn

cc im yu v im mnh ca nhn vin. Cn cho nhn vin hc nhng nghip

v m h cn. Nn bit cng vic yu cu nh th no v trao quyn cho nhng

nhn vin c th m nhn tt cng vic . Cc nh qun l cng nn nhn ra

rng cng vic khng th hon tt khi bn lm ch c mt mnh. Khi giao vic cho

nhn vin, cn hiu rng y quyn mt cch hiu qu cng c ngha l chp nhn

nhng bin c ngoi mun c th km theo. Nh qun l c th khng nhn

c kt qu nh mong i nhng cn phi chp nhn n v chp nhn nhng sai

phm xy ra.

---60 ---

5.3 Cc hn ch v hng nghin cu tip theo

5.3.1 Hn ch

Bn cnh nhng ng gp cp trn, nghin cu ny cn tn ti mt s

mt hn ch nht nh sau :

Th nht, s trung thnh ca nhn vin chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t,

nhng trong bi nghin cu ny ch tp trung nghin cu su yu t l : thu

nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l,

khen thng cng bng v trao quyn. Bn cnh , i tng nghin cu ch gii

hn nhng lp hc ban m ti khu vc Thnh ph H Ch Minh.

Th hai, l hn ch ca phng php phn tch d liu, nghin cu ny s

dng cng c phn tch hi quy a bin xc nh mi quan h gia cc bin c

lp l : thu nhp cao, iu kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh

qun l, khen thng cng bng, trao quyn v bin ph thuc l s trung thnh.

Tuy nhin, php phn tch ny khng xc nh c cc mi quan h gia cc bin

c lp vi nhau nn kt qu c th khng phn nh chnh xc mi quan h gia

cc yu t ny.

5.3.2 Cc nghin cu tip theo

Mc ch tip theo ca ti sau khi o lng c s trung thnh ca nhn

vin l xem xt v doanh thu v chi ph khng nh :

- Khi nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh nghip th nhn vin s c khuynh hng

lm vic tt hn c nhng g khch hng mong i v lun c tinh thn lm

vic cao kh nng tt nht ca h. C hai c im ny u rt quan trng

trong vic gi li cho cng ty nhng khch hng trung thnh v em v doanh

thu cao.

- Nhng nhn vin trung thnh s li lm vic vi cng ty lu di, t chi

nhng li cho mi t i th, khng ch ng tm cng vic mi v lun gii

---61 ---

thiu cng ty ca mnh l nhng ch lm tt. C bn thi ny u c nh

hng tch cc n pha ct chi ph trong bng cn i k tan ca cng ty, v

cng ty s trnh c nhng khan chi ph ng k cho vic thay th nhn

vin.

S trung thnh ca nhn vin chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t, nhng trong

bi nghin cu ny ch tp trung nghin cu su yu t l : thu nhp cao, iu

kin lm vic thun li, s ph hp mc tiu, quyt nh qun l, khen thng

cng bng v trao quyn. Bn cnh , i tng nghin cu ch gii hn nhng

lp hc ban m ti khu vc Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Cc nghin cu su hn

chc chn s c tip tc thc hin, bi y l cng c l thuyt v qun tr nhn

s rt quan trng.

Php hi quy khng xc nh c mi lin h gia cc bin c lp nn kt

qu c th cha phn nh chnh xc mi lin h gia cc bin. Nn lp li nghin

cu ny vi cng c phn tch cao hn s cho kt qu cao hn.

---62 ---

Tm tt chng 5

Trong chng ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu c t chng 4 t nu ra

nhng ng gp nghin cu ca ti. Tip theo l nu ln ngha thc tin ca

v kin ngh mt s gii c bn c p dng t kt qu nghin cu. Cui cng

l nu ln nhng hn ch ca ti v kin ngh nhng hng nghin cu tip

theo.

---63 ---

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit

1. Business-Edge (2004), To ng lc lm vic, Nh xut bn Tr.

2. Trn Kim Dung (2000), Qun tr ngun nhn lc, Nh xut bn i hc

quc gia TP.HCM.

3. Trn Th Kim Dung & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2007), nh hng ca vn

ha t chc v phong cch lnh o n kt qu lm vic ca nhn vin v lng

trung thnh ca h i vi t chc, ti nghin cu khoa hc cp b, Trng

i hc kinh t TP.HCM.

4. Nguyn Vn ip (2007), Cc yu t nh hng n s tha mn v s

gn kt ca nhn vin Lin hip hp tc x thng mi Tp.HCM, Lun vn thc

s, Trng i hc kinh t TP.HCM.

5. V Khi Han (2006), nh gi cc yu t nh hng n s hi lng ca

nhn vin tip xc trc tip vi khch hng ti Saigontourist, Lun vn thc s,

Trng i hc bch khoa TP.HCM.

6. Paul Hersey & Ken Blanc Hard (2001), Qun tr hnh vi t chc, Nh xut

bn thng k.

7. V Vn Huy (1997), ng dng SPSS for Windows, Nh xut bn khoa hc

v k thut.

8. Bi Nguyn Hng & Nguyn Thy Qunh Loan (2004), Qun l cht

lng, Nh xut bn i hc quc gia TP.HCM.

9. Nguyn Hu Lam (1998), Hnh vi t chc, Nh xut bn gio dc.

10. Nguyn nh Th & Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2007), Nghin cu th trng,

Nh xut bn i hc quc gia TP.HCM.

11. Nguyn nh Th (2008), Nghin cu cho lun vn tt nghip ngnh Qun

tr kinh doanh thc trng v gii php, Nh xut bn vn ha thng tin.

---64 ---

12. Hang Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin

cu vi SPSS, Nh xut bn thng k.

13. Trn Th Thu Trang (2006), nh hng ca phong cch lnh o mi v

cht n s tha mn v lng trung thnh ca nhn vin i vi t chc, Lun

vn thc s kinh t, Trng i hc kinh t TP.HCM.

Ting Anh

14. Guidestar Reasearch (2005), Driving Employee Satisfaction, Commitment

and Loyalty.

15. Joseph F.Hair Jr, Rolp E.Anderson, Ronald L.Tatham, William C.Black

(1992), Multivariate Data Analysis, Macmillan Publishing Company.

16. Paul D.Leedy & Jeanne Ellis Ormrod (2005), Practical Research, Pearson

Education, Inc.

17. Man Power Inc. (2002), International Loyalty Survey.

Internet

18. http://www.ueh.edu.vn.

19. http://www.vneconomy.com.vn

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Ph lc A

DN BI THO LUN NGHIN CU S B

Xin cho Anh/ch

Ti tn l Phan Quc Dng, hc vin cao hc ngnh Qun tr kinh doanh ca

Trng i hc kinh t Tp.HCM. Hin nay ti ang thc hin lun vn tt nghip

vi ti l : Cc nhn t nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin

trong t chc. Mong anh/ch dnh cht thi gian tho lun vi ti v vn

ny.

Ni dung ca bui tho lun ny l nhm tm kim nhng nhn t nh hng

n s trung thnh ca nhn vin.

Ni dung i vi cc nh qun l

1. Anh ch ngh th no v mi lin h gia s trung thnh ca nhn vin vi

doanh s v chi ph ca doanh nghip ?

2. Theo anh/ch, yu t no nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin ? V sao

? (gi cc thang o).

3. Theo anh/ch yu t no l quan trng nht v yu t no l km quan trng

nht ?

4. Theo anh/ch, ngoi nhng im cp trn cn c yu t no c th lm

nhn vin trung thnh vi doanh nghip khng ? V sao ?

Ni dung i vi nhn vin

1. Theo anh/ch, yu t no nh hng n s trung thnh ca nhn vin ? (Gi

mt s thang o).

2. Cc yu t m cc anh/ch cp trn th yu t no l quan trng nht ?

V sao ?

3. Yu t no quyt nh n vic anh/ch quyt nh lm vic ti y ?

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4. Nu anh/ch l trng phng nhn s, anh/ch s thay i g cho nhn vin

trung thnh hn vi doanh nghip ?

Kt thc

Cuc trao i ca chng ta dng li ti y, xin chn thnh cm n anh/ch

ginh thi tho lun vi chng ti.

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BNG CU HI KHO ST Thn gi cc anh/ch. Ti ang lm ti nghin cu v Qun tr nhn s, rt mong anh/ch ginh t thi

gian in vo bn phng vn ny. Xin chn thnh cm n, chc anh/ch sc khe, thnh cng v hnh phc! Anh/ch vui lng nh gi mc ng ca anh/ch bng du X vo s im

i vi mi pht biu sau y. Vi quy c v im ca thang o nh sau: Thang o mc ng

1: han tan khng ng 2: hi khng ng 3: phn vn khng bit c ng hay khng (trung lp) 4: hi ng 5: han tan ng (pht biu han tan ng) I CC YU T NH HNG N S TRUNG THNH CA NHN VIN

Thu nhp/lng cao Mc ng Mc lng hin ti ca ti l tng xng vi nng lc lm vic ca ti 1 2 3 4 5Ti han ton sng tt vi mc lng hin ti ca ti 1 2 3 4 5Ti cho rng cng ty ti ang lm vic tr lng rt cng bng 1 2 3 4 5

iu kin lm vic thun li Mc ng Trang thit b h tr cho cng vic ca ti ti ni ti lm vic rt tt 1 2 3 4 5Phng c ni ti lm vic thang mt lm cho ti cm thy rt tha mi 1 2 3 4 5Nhit , nh sng, ting n cng ty rt ph hp vi cng vic ca ti 1 2 3 4 5Ti cm thy rt an tan ti ni lm vic ca ti 1 2 3 4 5

S ph hp mc tiu Mc ng Ti cm thy nng lc bn thn ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ca t chc 1 2 3 4 5Ti cam kt thc hin mc tiu ca t chc ra 1 2 3 4 5Ti ng vi ng li kinh doanh ca t chc 1 2 3 4 5Mc tiu pht trin ca ti tng ng vi mc tiu ca t chc 1 2 3 4 5

H tr t cp trn Mc ng Ti lun lun c s h tr t cp trn trc tip trong mi lnh vc 1 2 3 4 5Cp trn lun lun h tr ti khi vn va ny sinh 1 2 3 4 5Ti thng nhn c s h tr ca cp trn khi s vic xu i 1 2 3 4 5

ng nghip ng h Mc ng Cp trn ca ti lun lng nghe kin v quan tm n li ch ca nhn vin 1 2 3 4 5Cp trn ca ti lun t ra l ngi hiu bit, thn thin v d tip cn 1 2 3 4 5

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Khen thng cng bng Mc ng Ti c xt thng cng bng trong vic han thnh vai tr ca ti 1 2 3 4 5Ti c xt thng cng bng qua trch nhim cng vic 1 2 3 4 5Ti c xt thng cng bng qua nhng n lc b ra 1 2 3 4 5Ti c xt thng cng bng khi lm vic di p lc cao 1 2 3 4 5Ti c xt thng cng bng khi han thnh tt cng vic 1 2 3 4 5

Trao quyn Mc ng Cp trn phn cng cng vic v ti t thc hin 1 2 3 4 5Cp trn trao quyn cho ti ra quyt nh 1 2 3 4 5Cp trn tin vo kh nng ra quyt nh ca ti 1 2 3 4 5Cp trn khuyn khch ti s dng quyn quyt nh c trao 1 2 3 4 5Cp trn tin vo s nh gi kt qu cng vic ca ti 1 2 3 4 5

S trung thnh Mc ng Ti sn lng gii thiu vi mi ngi v cng ty ca mnh nh mt ni lm vic tt

1 2 3 4 5

Ti t ho gii thiu vi mi ngi v sn phm/dch v ca cng ty 1 2 3 4 5Ti s li lm vic lu di vi cng ty mc d c ni khc ngh mc lng hp dn hn

1 2 3 4 5

II THNG TIN C NHN. Anh/ch vui lng cho bit cc thng tin c nhn sau:

1. Xin cho bit anh/ch ang cng tc vi loi hnh doanh nghip no? Cha i lm Cty TNHH Cty c phn Doanh nghip t nhn Cty nh nc Cty lin doanh 100% vn nc ngoi

2. Gii tnh: Nam N 3. Tui: 41 tui 4. Mc thu nhp trung bnh mt thng (ng): 3 4 triu >4 6 triu > 6triu 5. V tr cng tc: Nhn vin T trng/chuyn vin Qun l 6. Trnh vn ha: THPT Trung cp Cao ng i hc Trn i hc

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Ph lc B

KT QU X L D LIU

I. nh gi thang o

1.1 Cronbach Alpha ca cc thnh phn c lp

1.1.1 Thnh phn thu nhp cao

R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A) Mean Std Dev Cases 1. Q1.1 3.0618 1.3405 453.0 2. Q1.2 2.8720 1.2869 453.0 3. Q1.3 3.0155 1.3542 453.0 N of Statistics for Mean Variance Std Dev Variables SCALE 8.9492 10.7076 3.2722 3 Item-total Statistics Scale Scale Corrected Mean Variance Item- Alpha if Item if Item Total if Item Deleted Deleted Correlation Deleted Q1.1 5.8874 5.2594 .5938 .6729 Q1.2 6.0773 5.6865 .5483 .7230 Q1.3 5.9338 5.0487 .6285 .6320 Reliability Coefficients N of Cases = 453.0 N of Items = 3 Alpha = .7594

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1.1.2 Thnh phn iu kin lm vic thun li

****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ****** _ R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A) Mean Std Dev Cases 1. Q2.1 3.3841 1.2614 453.0 2. Q2.2 3.4128 1.2742 453.0 3. Q2.3 3.5033 1.2420 453.0 4. Q2.4 3.6755 1.1911 453.0 N of Statistics for Mean Variance Std Dev Variables SCALE 13.9757 16.5282 4.0655 4 Item-total Statistics Scale Scale Corrected Mean Variance Item- Alpha if Item if Item Total if Item Deleted Deleted Correlation Deleted Q2.1 10.5916 9.6536 .6741 .7876 Q2.2 10.5629 9.3661 .7102 .7709 Q2.3 10.4724 9.5241 .7124 .7703 Q2.4 10.3002 10.6884 .5676 .8324 Reliability Coefficients N of Cases = 453.0 N of Items = 4 Alpha = .8351

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1.1.3 Thnh phn s ph hp mc tiu

****** Method 1 (space saver) will be used for this analysis ****** _ R E L I A B I L I T Y A N A L Y S I S - S C A L E (A L P H A) Mean Std Dev Cases 1. Q3.1 3.7726 1.2117 453.0 2. Q3.2 4.1236 1.0338 453.0 3. Q3.3 3.5563 1.1520 453.0 4. Q3.4 3.4614 1.1603 453.0 N of Statistics for Mean Variance Std Dev Variables SCALE 14.9139 12.7470 3.5703 4 Item-total Statistics Scale Scale Corrected Mean Variance Item- Alpha if Item if Item Total if Item Deleted Deleted Correlation Deleted Q3.1 11.1413 7.5552 .5590 .7570 Q3.2 10.7903 8.0024 .6285 .7237 Q3.3 11.3576 7.5754 .6063 .7311 Q3.4 11.4525 7.5713 .5997 .7345 Reliability Coefficients N of Cases = 453.0 N of Items = 4 Alpha = .7883

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1.1.4 H tr t cp trn

****** Method

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