THREE YEAR INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SRI JAYAWARDENA PURA - KOTTE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

January 2007

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Three Year Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan for Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council 1. Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………. vii

2. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………… ix 3. Part 1……………………………………………………………………………………………….. x

a. Project Team ……………………………………………………………………………… xi b. Steering Committee……………………………………………………………………….. xii c. Guiding Principals………………………………………………………………………… xiii d. The Strategy………………………………………………………………………………. xiv

• Engaging an affordable mix of appropriate technical and management options to Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Recover, Recycle and Residual waste disposal…… xv • Engaging the major stakeholders in the implementation………………………… xv • Promoting Private-Municipal Partnerships………………………………………xvi • Strengthening institutional SWM capacity of SJKMC………………………….. xvii • National and Provincial level Policy and Programme Support ………………….xviii • Strict enforcement of Laws and Policy………………………………………….xviii

e. Overall objective of the plan………………………………………………………………. xx f. Expected Outcomes……………………………………………………………………….. xx g. Methodology- The Frame Work………………………………………………………… xxi h. Main Stakeholders………………………………………………………………………….xxii i. Environment Planning & Management in SJKMC Area- The Proposed Organogram……xxiii. j. Basic information on 20 G.N. Divisions in Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council…………………………………………xxiv k. Composition of solid waste in KMC………………………………………………………..xxv l Maps of the area……………………………………………………………………………..xxvi

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5. Part II: Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan

a. Outcome A - Community commitment for the new SWM strategy secured b. Outcome B - Generation of solid waste avoided/Prevented as much as possible c. Outcome C - Mechanism For Segregation of waste at the point of generation established d. Outcome D - Systems for reduction of waste to be finally disposed of, established and implemented e. Outcome E - System for clinical and hazardous waste management developed f. Outcome F - Systematic Waste Collection and Transport systems in place g. Outcome G - Effective law and by laws established and Implemented h. Outcome H - Final Disposal facilities Established i. Outcome I - Monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems established j. Outcome J - KMC area transformed as an Environmental Friendly, Eco-Sensitive City

6. Part 111: Financial Requirement for the Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan

a. Outcome A - Community commitment for the new SWM strategy secured

b. Outcome B - Generation of solid waste avoided/Prevented as much as possible c. Outcome C - Mechanism For Segregation of waste at the point of generation established d. Outcome D - Systems for reduction of waste to be finally disposed of, established and implemented e. Outcome E - System for clinical and hazardous waste management developed f. Outcome F - Systematic Waste Collection and Transport systems in place g. Outcome G - Effective law and by laws established and implemented h. Outcome H - Final Disposal facilities Established i. Outcome I - Monitoring, evaluation and reporting systems established j. Outcome J - KMC area transformed as an Environmental Friendly, Eco-Sensitive City

7. Summery Report of Financial Requirement

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council

Introduction A pilot project under the Basic Urban Services (BUS) programme for the Kotte Municipal Council (MC) is implemented in the Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte MC with the assistance of UNDP/UN Habitat. Main focus of the Basic Urban Services (BUS) project for Kotte MC is to develop an implementable integrated solid waste management plan for the Kotte MC area. A group of seven different institutions are assisting Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte MC for the preparation of this plan. These institutions are; the UN Habitat Basic Urban Services Initiative, International Water & Sanitation Centre, Ministry of Environment, Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) (Practical Action) , Management Resources for Good Governance (MaRGG), Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and the National Engineering Research & Development Centre, (NERD). The main components of the project include;

1. Assessment of the three demonstration approaches in Kotte Municipality by ITDG & NERD centre. 2. Participatory assessment of the situation and user priorities for SWM with special reference to marginalized groups by MaRGG. 3. Development of an Integrated Technical SWM plan, by Ministry of Environment, by identifying the most suitable and feasible service

combinations for SWM based on the outcome of the demonstration assessment and with the NGO findings. 4. Consolidating and validating the SWM plan. 5. Development of a bankable project proposal.

CEA is a regulatory body and therefore has a different role than the other parties; they will be an active member of the working group and support the process through the review of the plans, provide guidelines and standards, assess possibilities and for changes and adaptations of rules and regulations to accommodate new initiatives and needs which comply with national standards The Action plan consists of three parts. Part 1 provides basic information on guiding principles of the Solid Waste Management, the frame work of the three year action plan for KMC and related institutional mechanisms. Part II provides the three-year action plan with detailed activities, with time targets, indicators of successes, and personnel &institutions responsible for the implementation of the action plan. Part III provides the financial requirement for the implementation of the plan.

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PART I

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council

Project Team

1. Kotte Municipal Council (KMC)

2. UNDP/UN Habitat Basic Urban Services Initiative

3. International Resource Centre of Water & Sanitation (IRC)

4. Ministry of Environment

5. Central Environment Authority (CEA)

6. Practical Action (former ITDG)

7. Management Resources for Good Governance (MaRGG)

8. National Engineering Research and Development Centre (NERD)

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council Steering committee

1. Kotte Municipal Council (KMC)

2. UNDP/UN Habitat Basic Urban Services Initiative

3. International Resource Centre of Water & Sanitation (IRC)

4. Ministry of Environment (ME)

5. Central Environment Authority (CEA)

6. Practical Action (former ITDG)

7. Management Resources for Good Governance (MaRGG)

8. National Engineering Research and Development Centre (NERD)

9. Western Province Solid Waste Management Authority ( by Invitation)

10. Urban Development Authority.( by Invitation)

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council

Guiding Principals The Solid Waste Management Strategy for Kotte Strategy is based on a series of broadly accepted guiding principles. They are;

• The Solid Waste issue is much wider than Solid Waste Management (SWM) • Lack of financial resources is not the main issue • Innovative solutions are necessary to avoid generation of waste and manage the waste generated up to final

disposal • Don’t waste Waste • Landfill is only the last resort • People need affordable solutions • Develop stakeholder partnerships • Promote and facilitate people’s participation • Recognize the informal sector as a vital partner • Administrative and institutional changes are vital for an effective solid waste management • Free services are less sustainable • Documentation is extremely important for continued planning

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council

The Strategy

The proposed strategy is not a monolithic collection and disposal system. Instead, it proposes to employ a multi-pronged approach that revolves round a (‘3R+3’) participatory principle of Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Recover, Recycle and Residual waste disposal. The strategy employs six main elements. They are;

1. Engaging an affordable mix of appropriate technical and management options to Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Recover, Recycle and Residual waste disposal.

2. Involving all major stakeholders in the implementation 3. Promoting Private-Municipal Partnerships 4. Strengthening institutional SWM capacity of SJKMC 5. Influencing national and provincial level policies & program support 6. Enforcing laws and policy

1. Engaging an affordable mix of appropriate technical and management options to Rethink, Reduce, Reuse,

Recover, Recycle and Residual waste disposal

The strategy is based on the broadly accepted. “Hierarchy of waste management” which gives a priority listing or the waste management options available. The hierarchy gives important general guidelines on relative desirability of different management options. The Municipal Council will emphasize the use of an affordable mix of appropriate technical and management options and thus will cease to depend solely on the conventional collection and disposal method. The proposed mix of options is;

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• Creation of an environment friendly, eco-sensitive city • Promotion of waste avoidance / reduction at the source of generation • Adopt smart purchasing practices • Separation of waste at source of generation • Return of Recyclable material to the market • Develop resource / waste exchange services • Market research to composting and other recyclable products • Composting and home-gardening • Research in to anaerobic digestion • Scientific handling of clinical and hazardous waste • Door to door collection of household waste • Set up polluter pays system for special wastes such as demolition waste, hazardous waste, etc. • Consider Sanitary landfill as the last resort.

2. Engaging the major stakeholders in the implementation

Stakeholder participation is the fulcrum of the new strategy. The strategy is built on the premise that solid waste management is not a mere public health engineering exercise. It requires the participation of every single resident and user of city facilities. SJKMC will use the following approaches to mobilize their cooperation and support;

• Creation of institutional mechanisms such as working groups and regular city consultations to involve the residents individually and collectively.

• Conduct community-based civil education programmes • Setting up Ward level Environment Management Committees (EMC) in each ward under the leadership of the

clergy /and or other respectable community leaders as appropriate • Setting up of lane Committees for environment management • Revitalizing School Environment Committees to get involved in social mobilization • Publication of waste collection schedules

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• Promotion of urban horticulture. • Recognition and facilitation of the private informal sector. • Engagement and facilitation of NGOs and CBOs. • Promote cooperate environmental responsibility. • Reward for best practices/ performances. • Reporting performance.

3. Promoting Private-Municipal Partnerships

The proposed strategy strongly hinges itself on partnerships between the municipal council and the private sector. Privatization of environmental services will be done with cautions optimism ensuring the highest levels of transparency and promoting appropriately designed linkages with the informal service sector so as to prevent marginalization of the poor who currently depend on urban solid waste for their livelihood. The strategy will promote:

• Continued engagement of the private sector • Street beautification through private sector participation • Setting up of a Private Public Partnerships Forum. • Public Private Partnerships (PPP) to promote ‘3R + 3’ Principles • Assistance to recycling industries. • Services for resource/ waste exchange • Stricter environmental appraisal of construction plans • Stricter fines for breaches of SWM contracts • Promoting Corporate Environmental Responsibility • Incentives to private sector based on quarterly rapid environmental assessments • Using the private sector as a thinking pad for municipality

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4. Strengthening SWM/EPM Institutional Capacity of SJKMC

The Municipal Council will pursue the following to improve its institutional capacity to address EPM and SWM issues.

• Comprehensive environmental approach in decision making • Non-negotiable emphasis on Waste Reduction. • Restructuring of municipal institutional arrangements • Decentralization of municipal operations • Capacity-building for Decentralized SWM. • Staff mobilization, training and education. • Strengthening the Municipal Standing Committee. • Publication of an Annual Report on the Status of City Environment. • Formulation and follow up of a Strategy Implementation Plan. • Establishment of a clearing house mechanism and a help desk. • Improve public relations. • Establishment of performance cost based monitoring systems. • Regular process-documentation. • Computerized Complaints Redress System • Creation of a Vigilance Squad on Environment • Improved Management and Monitoring;

At the City Level: The Municipal Standing Committee will continually review the progress assisted by the proposed Working Group on City Environment. It will be called The SJKMC Environment- Taskforce, which will meet monthly.

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At the Ward Level: The progress will be monitored and supervised by the Ward-level Environment Committee which will meet monthly or more regularly when need. At the Community Level ‘The Lane Committees’ will be responsible for the management and supervision of waste collection and disposal. It will also promote and monitor household level compliance with the ‘3R+3’ principle.

5. National and Provincial level Policy and Programme Support

• The SJKMC will continue to help the Central Government with field lessons, views, comments and suggestions to regularly update the existing EPM/SWM policies and guidelines.

• Researching for new technologies is beyond the capacity of any single local body. Therefore, the Government of Sri Lanka and the Western Provincial Council to intensify Research and Development unit to search for new and updated technologies. Intensified R & D efforts are needed to retrieve energy from waste.

• Continued support from the Provincial Council and Central government to ensure the continuity of process-oriented initiatives such as Sustainable city (SCP) and (BUS) Programmes.

• National level Initiatives as implementation activities related to international connections will be reflected in the integrated action plan.

6. Strict enforcement of Laws and Policy

• This Strategy aims at helping the SJKMC to implement the National Strategy for Solid Waste Management in a

manner that suits the local conditions. It derives power from the said National Strategy, the National Environment Act and the Municipal councils Ordinance.

• The working Group will set up a special study group to assess the existing legal and administrative provisions

that govern solid waste management in the city and to propose appropriate revisions to make the frameworks more resident-friendly, efficient, speedy and pro-poor.

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• The Working group will help the related Standing Committee to review the available Environmental by-laws, starting with SWM, and implement it with immediate effect giving wide publicity followed by community level public education.

• An effective punitive action process will be enforced equitably as a deterrent, preceded by a time-bound phase

of public education, domestic sensitization and social mobilization to help enforce laws and policy.

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte Municipal Council 1. Overall objective of the plan:

Environmental friendly management of waste by fallowing the waste management hierarchy.

Ensure environmentally sound final disposal of residual waste.

Transform KMC area as an environmental friendly eco-sensitive city. Expected Outcomes

A. Community commitment for the new Solid Waste Management Strategy secured. B. Generation of solid waste avoided as much as possible.

C. Mechanisms for reuse, recovery and recycling of waste established D. Systems for reduction of waste to be finally disposed of, established and implemented E. System for clinical and hazardous waste developed

F. Systematic waste collection and transport systems established G. Effective legal systems established and enforced H. Final disposal facilities identified and established. I. Monitoring, Evaluation and reporting Systems established J. Transform KMC area as an Environmental Friendly, Eco Sensitive City

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Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan for SriJayawardanapura - Kotte Municipal Council

Methodology – The Framework

BBaassiicc SSttrraatteeggyy

(3R+3)

Rethink

Reduction

Reuse

Recovery

Recycle

Residual Waste Disposal

Aiming at

SSttaakkeehhoollddeerrss

Ministry of Provincial Council

Ministry of Environment

Ministry of Urban Development

CEA

Other State Institutions

Waste Mgt. Authority

(Western Province)

Police

Hospitals

Private Institutions

Private sector (contracted)

Private sector (General)/ Super

Markets

Community Based Organizations

Street Committee Groups/NGOs

Establish Systems for Sort Waste to promote Reduce, Reuse, Recovery and Recycling

At House Hold Level At Collection Centers

Establish Collection Systems covering entire area (10 Wards)

House Holds Collection Centers/ Waste/Resource

Exchange centers

Other Commercial

Activities

Transfer/ Transport

Recyclers (Polythene, Plastics, Papers, glass, degradable waste, etc).

Temporary storage sites for final disposal of residual

waste

Final Disposal

Reduction of waste to be finally

disposed of as much as possible

by life cycle thinking and zero

waste systems prioritizing waste

prevention strategy

Establish City level /ward level and Lane Committees to Cover 10 wards / 20 G.N. Divisions

RESIDUE

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte Municipal Council Main Stakeholders

Ministry of Provincial Council

Ministry of Environment

Ministry of Urban Development

CEA Police State Institutions

Waste Mgt. Authority (Western Province)

Private Institutions

Mayor

SJKMC

Residential Activities

Non Residential Activities

Residential and Non Residential

Activities

Residential and Non Residential

Activities

Hospitals

Street Committee

groups

(Keep the City Clean)

Private sector

Service Providers

(Collection, Transport

& Disposal)

Private sector

(General)/ Super

Markets- Recycling, Industries,

etc

Community Based

Organizations

(Support Services)

Community participation

Community participation

Adm

in. D

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Publ

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Hea

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Engi

neer

ing

Dep

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Fina

ncia

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Lega

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Ministry of Environment , 2006

Commissioner

NGO

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Environment Planning & Management in SJKMC Area The Proposed Organogram

Health and Environment Standing Committee

Council

Mayor

Working Group of City Environment Called the SJKMC Environment Taskforce

Chairman of the Health and Environmental Standing Committee will be the Chairman Convener: The Commissioner Members: Municipal Engineer

Chief Medical Officer Police OICs Welikada, Mirihana

A Director- CEA,, UDA,, SLLRDC and SWMA –Western province Co-ordinator: MOH

Environmental Officer, CDO, PHI, TO, Supervisors,, physical planning officer,

Grama Niladari Division Environment Committees Chairman: Member of Municipal Council Members: Members of Municiapl Council Representative NGOs Leading clergy of Grama Niladari Division Samurdi & Grama Seva officers 3 or 4 co-opted senior residents CDC, CDOs

Lane & Street Committees Managed by NGOs/CBOs

City Development Committee Members:Chairmen of all Standing

Committees

Operational Assistance

Health and Environment Standing Committee

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Integrated Solid Waste Management plan for Sri Jayawardanapura Municipal Council Basic information on 20 G.N Divisions in Sri Jayawardena Pura Kotte Municipal Council

G.N. No: Name Population No. of Houses Area(km2 ) Living

Quarters No: of

Institutions No: of

Schools Garbage

Generation (tons/day)

1 514 Welikada East 7384 1739 119 18 7 3 4.4 2 514 A Welikada West 5406 1181 48 8 4 1 3.2 3 514 C Obeysekera Pura 11629 846 35 48 6 2 7.5 4 514 B Rajagiriya 4194 2739 99 25 7 2.5 5 514 D Welikada North 5116 1256 33 9 1 3.1 6 519 Nugegoda 5511 1102 23 57 5 1 15.3 7 520 Nawal west 4483 1498 85 54 11 1 7.2 8 519 A Pagoda 6455 1434 72 13 7 1 3.9 9 519 C Pagoda East 5879 1376 71 28 5 1 3.5 10 519 B Nugegoda West 6163 1498 103 33 7 1 3.7

11 520 A Koswatta 6220 1538 143 102 4 3.7

12 520 B Nawala East 5821 1394 105 19 1 1 8 13 521 A Ethul Kotte west 3515 1477 41 39 1 2.1 14 521 Ethul Kotte 6392 900 71 36 6 1 3.8 15 522 Pitakotte west 5343 1328 100 7 4 2 3.7 16 522A Pitakotte east 4127 1039 92 6 5 7.5 17 522 B Pita Kotte 3768 936 96 23 2 2 7.7 18 526 Gangodawila North 6227 1340 44 38 9 11.2 19 526 A Gangodawila South 8276 1829 47 53 9 16 20 526 E Gangodawila East 3953 858 94 22 2 1 2.4

Total Collection 115862 27308 1521 629 111 19 120.4

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Composition of Solid Waste in KMC

63.63

6.54

8.22

1.5

0.98

0.83

4.75

8.92

3.650.02

1.41

Bio degradables

Paper +Card Board

Glass

Metal

Wood

Rubber & Cloth

Polythene+Plastic

Soil &Ceramic

Electronic Waste

Demolition Waste

Other

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Maps of the Area

Koswatta

Pagoda

Pitakotte East

Ethul Kotte

Nawala East

Nawala West

Welikada East

Nugegoda

Pitakotte

Pagoda East

Pitakotte West

Nugegoda West

Welikada West

Rajagiriya

Gangodawila South

Ethul Kotte West

Welikada North

Obeysekarapura

Gangodawila EastGangodawila North

521

514

522A

520

520A

520B

522

519

519A

226A

519B

519C

521A

514A

522B

514C

514D514B

526C

526

200 0 200400 Meters

GN DIVISIONKOTTE

6

43 5

7

1

2

10

9

8

Pitakotte

NawalaWelikada Atulkotte

Pagoda

Gangodawila

Rajagiriya West

Rajagiriya East

Nugegoda

Nugegoda North

300 0 300 600 Meters

KOTTE WARDMAP

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Highleve l Road

Kot

te R

oad

Naw

ala

Rd

Pago

da R

d

Old Kottaw

a Road

Old Kesbewa Road

Thalawatugoda Rd

Stanly Thilakarathne Mw

Par

liam

ent

Rd

Obe

yse k

arap

u ra

Rd

Kotte R

oad

Old Kottawa Road

Kot te Road

Na w

ala

Rd

Kot te R

o ad

Parliament Rd

300 0 300 600 Meters BoundaryLow lands.Water bodiesRailwayPrda roadsRda roads.Kmc roads

KOTTE BASIC MAP

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PART II

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PART III