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THORACIC LIMB. Joy Daniel Mina Alyaa Farhana Afina Tira Murshidah Cid Fika. BONES OF THORACIC LIMB. SCAPULA OF GOAT. MEDIAL VIEW. LATERAL VIEW. LATERAL VIEW. SCAPULAR CARTILAGE. DORSAL BORDER. CRANIAL BORDER. SCAPULAR TUBER. CAUDAL ANGLE. SUPRASPINOUS FOSSA. INFRASPINOUS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THORACIC LIMBJoyDanielMinaAlyaaFarhanaAfina
TiraMurshidahCidFika
BONES OF THORACIC LIMB
LATERAL VIEWMEDIAL VIEW
SCAPULA OF GOAT
SCAPULAR CARTILAGE
DORSAL BORDER
CAUDAL ANGLEINFRASPINO
USFOSSACAUDAL BORDER
SCAPULAR TUBER
ACROMIONVENTRALANGLE
GLENOID CAVITY
CRANIAL BORDER
SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE
SCAPULAR SPINE
SUPRASPINOUSFOSSA
CRANIAL BORDER
LATERAL VIEW
CRANIAL ANGLE
CRANIAL BORDER
SERRATED SURFACE
SCAPULAR NOTCHNECK OF SCAPULA
SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE
CAUDAL ANGLESUBSCAPULARFOSSA
SCAPULAR CARTILAGE
CAUDAL BORER
VENTRAL ANGLE
MEDIAL VIEW
HUMERUS BONE
LATERAL VIEWMEDIAL VIEW
CRANIAL VIEW
RADIAL FOSSA
BODY OF HUMERUS
LATERAL EPICONDYLE
HUMERALCONDYLE
MAJORTUBERCLE(CRANIAL)
TERES MINOR TUBEROSITY
NECK OF HUMERUS
MAJOR TUBERCLE (CAUDAL)
HEAD OF HUMERUS
NECK OFHUMERUS
BODY OF HUMERUS
RADIAL FOSSA LATERAL
SUPRACONDYLAR CREST
LATERAL VIEW
LATERALEPICONDYLE
MAJOR TUBERCLE
DELTOIDTUBEROSITY
MEDIAL VIEW
•ULNA -IS PLACED CAUDAL TO THE RADIUS
• RADIUS-IS A ROD-SHAPED BONE
CARPAL BONECARPAL BONE ARE ARRANGED IN TWO ROWS:
•CARPAL BONE PRESENT DIFFERENCES IN THE DIFFERENT SPECIES:~ HUMAN AND PIG- 8 CARPAL BONE~ HORSE HAS 7 OR 8 CARPAL BONES, DEPEND ON THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THE FIRST CARPAL BONE~ CARNIVORES- RADIAL AND INTERMEDIATE CARPAL BONES ARE FUSED, SO THE TOTAL NUMBERS OF CARPAL BONES IS REDUCED TO 7~ RUMINANTS HAVE 6 CARPAL BONES, THE FIRST CARPAL BONES IS MISSING AND THE SECOND ANDTHIRD CARPAL BONES ARE FUSED TOGETHER.
METACARPALS
DIGITAL BONES
Thoracic Limb - Muscles
DefinitionsOrigin : The point at which
something comes into existence or from which it derives or is derived.
Insertion : The act of putting one thing into another
Function or Action : The way in which something works or moves.
Origin: Outer surface of front portion of scapula and adjacent cartilage
Insertion: Inner and outer front corners of top of humerus
Function: Extends the shoulder joint to advance the limb.
Origin : Outer surface of rear portion of scapula and adjacent cartilage.
Insertion: Outer side of top of humerus.
Function: Pulls the limb away from body; rotates arm outward
DeltoideusOrigin: 1)Acromial portion: Acromion and along the spine for a short distance. 2)Scapular portion:Spine of the scapula and partly into the rear edge of the bony scapula.
Insertion: One third of the way down on the outside of the humerus. The scapular portion also inserts onto the surface of the lateral head ofthe triceps.
Function: Flexes shoulder joint, pulling away the limb from the body
Origin: Upper third of the rear surface of humerus
Insertion: Inner side of radius to the top, slightly below and to the inside of the biceps muscle
Function: Flexes the elbow joint
Origin: Bony prominence on the front of the lower end of the scapula.
Insertion: 1. Inner front corner of the top of the radius. 2. Ligament onthe inside of the elbow. 3. By a special long tendinous extension, intothe tendon of the extensor carpi radialis muscle (and therefore indirectlyinto the front of the metacarpal bone).
Action: Flexes the elbow joint; extends the shoulder joint (and locksthe shoulder in place when the animal is in the standing position).
Origin: Long head: Most or all of the rear border of the scapula. Lateralhead: Curved ridge on upper outer surface of the humerus.
Insertion: Side and top of the olecranon of the humerus (point of theelbow).
Action: Long head: Both extends the elbow joint and flexes theshoulder joint. Lateral head: Extends the elbow joint only.
Origin: Lower third of humerus
Insertion: A line of outer surface of the end of the ulna.
Function: Extends the elbow joint.
Origin: Bony ridge on the outside lower third of humerus
Insertion: Top of front space of metacarpal bone
Function: Extends and locks the wrist joint, flexes the elbow joint.
Origin: From lower end of the humerus.
Insertion: Upper edge of the front of the two lower toe bones of outer digits.
Functions: Extends all outer toe joints, flexes the elbow joint.
Ulnaris lateralisOrigin: Outer surface of lower end of humerus, behind the elbow joint ligament.
Insertion: Top of the outer surface of the single metacarpal bone.
Function: Flexes the wrist joint ; extends the elbow joint
Extensor Carpi ObliquusOrigin : lower half of the outer surface of the radius and an adjacent area on the ulna.Insertion : inner side of the upper end of the metacarpal bone.Action : extends the carpal joint.
Origin : lower end of the inner surface of the humerus.Insertion : upper inner corner of the metacarpal bone.Action : flexes the wrist joint ; extends the elbow joint.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin : lower end of the inside surface of the humerus ; inner surface, towards the rear , of the upper end of the ulna.Insertion : upper edge end of the ulnaAction: flexes the wrist joint ; extends the elbow joint.
• SHOULDER OR HUMERAL JOINT
(ARTICULATIO HUMERI )
JOINTS OF THE THORACIC LIMB
NAME BONESINVOLVED
TYPE OF JOINT
FUNCTION REMARKS
SHOULDER JOINT
GLENOID CAVITY OF SCAPULA AND HEAD OF HUMERUS
SIMPLE SPHEROIDAL
RESTRICTED TO FLEXION AND EXTENSION
INFRASPINATUS AND SUBSCAPULARIS ACT AS CONTRACTILE LIGAMENTS
*** THE SHOULDER JOINT LINKS THE CONSIDERABLY SMALLER GLENOID CAVITY OF THE SCAPULA TO THE LARGER HUMERAL HEAD . ****
The shoulder joint is a typical SPHEROIDAL JOINT in structure & theoretically have a versatility of movement.
Its actual range of movement is limited by the surrounding muscles.
It therefore functions as a HINGE JOINT with the primary movements being flexion & extension.
Rotation, adduction, & abduction are restricted , but possible especially in carnivores ,in which abduction of 60° ,pronation of 35° & supination of 45° is possible. (eg : in the horse , lateral n medial movements are almost impossible due to the cylindrical shape of the humeral head.)
JOINT OF THORACIC LIMB-ELBOW JOINT
ELBOW JOINT
JOINT IS A POINT OF ARTICULATION BETWEEN 2 OR MORE BONES,ESPECIALLY SUCH A CONNECTION THAT ALLOW MOVEMENT.
HUMERUS,RADIUS AND ULNA JOIN TO FORM THE ELBOW JOINT.
LIGAMENT ARE PRESENT IN THE ELBOW JOINT.
Name Bone involved
Type of joint
Function
a)Humeroulnar articulation
Condyle of humerus and ulna
Simple hinge joint
Flexion and extension
b)Humeroulnar articulation
Condyle of humerus and head of humerus
Simple hinge joint
Flexion and extension
c)Proximal radioulnar articulation
Articulator circumference notch of ulna
Simple pivot joint
No movement
Carpal Joint
Ulnacarpal and
Radiocarpal joints
Middle Carpal joints
Intercarpal Joint
Carpometacarpal Joints
Antebrachiocarpal jointConsist of radiocarpal joint and
ulnacarpal jointHorse hingeCarnivorse ellipsoidalRuminants cochlear
Middle carpal jointsHinge jointFormed between proximal and
distal carpal bones
Middle carpal joints
•Firm articulation•Have very limited range of movement
Carpometacarpal joints
Between distal carpal bones and metacarpal bones (plane joints)
LIGAMENTS:◦Long lateral and medial collateral
ligaments◦Short ligament (joining neighbouring
bones of the same row or adjacent rows)
Long lateral collateral ligament◦Connect to the lateral metacarpal
bone◦Has 2 deep branches : ulnar carpal
bone and fourth carpal bone
Long medial colllateral ligament◦Medial styloid process of the radius
and the proximal extremity of the medial metacarpal
Short ligament◦Vertical◦Horizontal◦short
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