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Convective & Wave Signatures in Ozone Profiles in the Equatorial Americas: Views from

TC4 and SHADOZ

S. K. Miller1, Anne M. Thompson1, A. M. Luzik1, G. A. Morris2, A. M.

Bryan2, J. E. Yorks1,3, B. F. Taubman1, 4, H. Vömel5, M. A. Avery 6

1 Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology, Univ Park, PA2 Valparaiso University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Valparaiso, IN3 Now at SSAI, Lanham, MD; also at NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 4 Appalachian State University, Department of Chemistry, Boone, NC5 CU-CIRES and NOAA/GMD; now at Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg 6 NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA

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Talk Outline

• GOAL – Characterize convection at UT/LS (TTL = Tropical Tropopause Layer) with ozone, related data

• Investigate with TC4 Observations (July-Aug 2007)– NATIVE, sondes at Las Tablas, Panamá, Costa Rica (CR). Episodes– Correlative DC-8, satellite data; meteorological analyses– Interpret convective signature. Use Laminar Identification (“LID,”

Grant et al., 1998; Thompson et al., 2007, 2008). Statistics for TTL

• Use SHADOZ soundings at San Cristóbal & Paramaribo– For unified “equatorial Americas” view. Multi-year perspective– Investigate seasonal, interannual variability with “GW Index”

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Sondes & NATIVE in TC4 - Panamá (7.8N, 80N)

Most of TC4 at San Jose, CR

http://ozone.met.psu.edu/Native

“EquatorialAmericas”

“Clean” MBL –15-25 ppb O3

130-160 ppbv CO

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Convective Signals, 19 July 07Panamá, Costa Rica Contrast

←

← Convective Detrainment?Higher RH @ level of cloud-topIn satellite image, below

GOES imageGOES image (L) OMI NO2 (Rt)

Strat @ 9-10 km?

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Convective & Stratospheric Signals:5 Aug Panamá Sonde & DC-8 Flight

• RH max in sounding – 5-6 km• Stratospheric signs in DC-8 (FAST-OZ) & DACOM

at 8-10 km, also in sonde. Drier layer at 3-4 km also possible strat influence

• N-POL radar image – convection over Las Tablas• Costa Rican sonde similar (not shown)

←RH min←RH max

←T’pause < 4 /8

←Strat by A/c

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Quantify Convection (and Stratospheric/ Advective) Influences: Laminar Identification

• Systematic technique to quantify convective and stratospheric/advective influences in each sonde (Pierce & Grant,1998; Thompson et al, 2007, 2008)

• Wave activity, inferred from relationships of O3- Pot T (θ) “laminae”

– Vertical displacements with O3-θ correlation = “Gravity wave”

– Horizontal displacements, O3-θ anti-correlated = “Rossby wave”

• TC4 Panamá, CR data offer opportunity to “validate” method

FT

TTLLS GW

RW

Ozone up to 20km: Panama and Costa Rica 2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

713 (CR) 713 (P) 719 (CR) 719 (P) 722 (CR) 722 (P) 731(CR) 731 (P) 802 (CR) 802 (P) 803 (CR) 803 (P) 804 (CR) 804 (P) 805 (CR) 805 (P)

Date (Location)

Ozo

ne

(D

U)

Other

RW

GW 19/7 5/8

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SHADOZ Perspective: TC4 Sites & Paramaribo, San Cristóbal (Galapagos)

• Convective Impact – Excitation of Gravity/Kelvin Waves in TTL & LS is pervasive signal in tropical sondes

• Frequency at Panamá, CR (Left) < San Cristóbal (1S, 99W); same as Paramaribo (6N, 55W; Center)

• GW activity intensifies after J-J-A. GW frequency for Paramaribo (Right)

30% >60%

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Waves – General SHADOZ Result Annually averaged GW frequency (Left), RW (Right)

Loucks, Thesis, 2007

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Stay Tuned – In Progress

• Examine year-to-year differences in “Equatorial Americas” budgets

• Note Panamá higher O3 than CR (also San Cristobal)

• Similar GW activity over Mexico City, Houston (INTEX-B, 2006 [Thompson et al, 2008])

• “GW Index” = % O3 profile (to 20 km) with GW laminae – correlate with typical tropical variables, eg OLR, SOI, IOD

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Summary

•TC4 Study – Campaign, Localized mechanisms –Laminar ID technique ‘validated’

–Panamá – unique. More O3 than CR to 20 km and in troposphere.

–Convective signatures (and advected pollution or stratospheric segments) prevalent in TC4 sondes, A/c data. Supported by satellites, cloud imagery, lightning data

•SHADOZ & TC4 – Climatology, Global View–LID budgets – systematic approach to site, seasonal, interannual variability in tropical convection value for models, climate studies

–Stay tuned – further T/O3 studies, comparisons of wave index to OLR, SOI, IOD, other parameters.

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Bibliography Grant, W. B., et al., Seasonal evolution of total and gravity wave induced laminae in ozonesonde data in the tropics and subtropics, Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1863-1866., 1998.Loucks, A L., Evaluation of dynamical sources of ozone laminae in the tropical troposphere and tropical tropopause layer, MS Thesis, Penn State Univ., 2007..Thompson, A. M., et al.: Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes (SHADOZ) 1998-2000 tropical ozone climatology. 1. Comparison with TOMS and ground-based measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8238, doi: 10.1029/2001JD000967, 2003.Thompson, A. M., et al.: Intercontinental Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study (IONS, 2004): 1. Summertime upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) ozone over northeastern North America, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D12S12, doi: 10.1029/2006JD007441, 2007.Thompson, A. M., et al., Tropospheric ozone sources and wave activity over Mexico City and Houston during Milagro/Intercontinental Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) Ozonesonde Network Study, 2006 (IONS-06), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5113-5125, 2008.

Acknowledgments

SHADOZ, TC4 sponsored by NASA’s ACMAP, Aura Validation Programs (M. Kurylo, K. Jucks). SHADOZ supported by NOAA & Meteorological Services, Space Agencies and universities in 20 nations.

Thank you for Attention!