Thermo-Fluidics of Solid Ink-Solid Surface Interaction

Sunny Ri Li and Nasser Ashgriz

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

University of Toronto

Experimental setup

Experimental setup

Major Components

High-speed Video Camera

LabView, PXI board and SCXI Signal Conditioner

Substrate with heater mounted on a linear-movement and tilt and rotation stage

Lighting Sources

Setup for impaction

The substrate surface is 5 mm away from the print head..

Droplet Impaction on 23 oC Substrate

Diameter: 269 microns (100 droplets)Droplet speed: 1.59m/s

Diameter: 178 microns (50 droplets) Droplet speed: 1.59m/s

Height: 28.5 microns Width: 51.6microns (1 droplet)Droplet speed: 0.65~1 m/s

Contact angle: 70 deg.

Height: 46.8 microns Width: 101.1 microns (10 droplets)Droplet speed: 0.65~1 m/s

Contact angle: 70 deg.

Arrest of advancing contact line

Time: t (1 droplet)

Time: t+3/4000 sec. (2 droplets)

Time: t+6/4000 sec. (3 droplets)

Time: t+15/4000 sec. (6 droplets)

Time: t+15/4000 sec. (6 droplets)

Time: t+29/4000 sec. (10 droplets)

Time: t+117/4000 sec. (40 droplets)

Droplet Impaction on Heated Substrate

Temperature of the substrate: 60 oC(20 droplets)

Contact angle: 60 deg.Temperature of the substrate: 78 oC; 1 droplet Contact angle: 48 deg.

Temperature of the substrate: 90 oC(10 droplets)

Contact angle: 25 deg.

Time: t

Time: t+1/8000 sec.

Time: t+2/8000 sec.

Impaction of large wax drop

Drop diameter: 2.89mm; Velocity: 0.92m/s; We=70.4; Temperature of substrate: 40 oC Temperature of drop: 85 oC

Drop diameter: 1.98mm; Velocity: 0.5m/s; We=14.3; Temperature of substrate: 40 oC Temperature of drop: 85 oC

Wax drop impacting on an aluminum surface

Wax drop impacting on another solidified drop

Setup for Visualizing Ink Ejection