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This chart showcases technology diagrams of steam-assisted gravity drainage and cyclic steam stimulation, as well as charts detailing performance metrics of all commercial thermal oilsands projects.
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SAGD CommerCiAl ProjeCtS & leGenDCompany Project Region Formation Average Reservoir Depth Phase Name Location Capacity (bbls/d) Production Start
BlackPearl Resources Inc. Blackrod South Athabasca Grand Rapids 300 m Pilot 02-36-076-18W4 800 2011
Cenovus Energy Inc.
Christina Lake South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 400 m
Phase 1A 00-00-076-06W4 10,000 2002
Phase 1B 00-00-076-06W4 8,800 2008
Phase C 00-00-076-06W4 40,000 2011
Foster Creek South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 450 m
Phase A 00-00-070-04W4 24,000 2001
Phase B Debottleneck 00-00-070-03W4 6,000 2003
Phase C Stage 1 00-00-070-03W4 10,000 2005
Phase C Stage 2 00-00-070-03W4 20,000 2007
Phase D 00-00-070-03W4 30,000 2009
Phase E 00-00-070-03W4 30,000 2009
Pelican Lake (Grand Rapids) South Athabasca Grand Rapids 250 m Pilot 00-00-083-21W4 600 2011
Connacher Oil and Gas LimitedGreat Divide South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 200 m Pod 1 00-00-082-12W4 10,000 2007
Algar South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 450 m Algar Pod 2 00-00-082-11W4 10,000 2010
ConocoPhillips Canada LimitedSurmont pilot South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray n/q Pilot 00-00-083-07W4 1,200 1997
Surmont South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 400 m Phase 1 00-00-083-06W4 27,000 2007
Devon Canada CorporationJackfish 1 South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 415 m Phase 1 00-00-075-06W4 35,000 2007
Jackfish 2 South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 415 m Phase 2 00-00-075-06W4 35,000 2011
Husky Energy Inc. Tucker Cold Lake Clearwater 400 m Phase 1 00-28-064-04W4 30,000 2006
Japan Canada Oil Sands Limited Hangingstone South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 280-310 m Pilot 00-00-084-11W4 11,000 1999
MEG Energy Corp. Christina Lake South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 350 mPhase 1 Pilot 00-00-076-04W4 3,000 2008
Phase 2A 00-00-076-04W4 22,000 2009
Nexen Inc. Long Lake South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 200-250 m Phase 1 00-00-084-06W4 72,000 2008
Shell Canada Limited Orion Cold Lake Clearwater 400 m Phase 1 00-00-064-03W4 10,000 2007
Statoil Canada Ltd. Leismer South Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 400 m Leismer Demonstration 00-00-079-10W4 10,000 2010
Suncor Energy Inc.Firebag North Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 320 m
Cogeneration and Expansion 00-00-095-06W4 25,000 2007
Stage 1 00-00-095-06W4 35,000 2004
Stage 2 00-00-095-06W4 35,000 2006
Stage 3 00-00-095-06W4 62,500 2011
MacKay River North Athabasca Wabiskaw-McMurray 150 m Phase 1 00-00-093-12W4 33,000 2002
SAGD ProDuCinG or injeCtinG WellS / WellS CAPAble of ProDuCinG or injeCtinG
Company Project Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Apr 2011 May 2011 Jun 2011 Jul 2011 Aug 2011 Sep 2011 Oct 2011 Nov 2011 Dec 2011 Jan 2012 Feb 2012
BlackPearl Resources Inc. Blackrod --- --- --- --- --- --- 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1
Cenovus Energy Inc.
Christina Lake 34 / 34 34 / 34 33 / 34 33 / 34 34 / 34 43 / 45 47 / 47 49 / 52 52 / 52 69 / 69 69 / 69 69 / 69 79 / 79 78 / 79
Foster Creek 334 / 369 330 / 370 330 / 369 332 / 369 330 / 368 326 / 368 327 / 368 334 / 369 356 / 391 355 / 391 356 / 398 365 / 412 382 / 422 380 / 421
Pelican Lake (Grand Rapids) 2 / 2 2 / 2 2 / 2 1 / 2 2 / 2 1 / 2 2 / 2 2 / 2 1 / 2 2 / 2 2 / 2 2 / 2 1 / 2 1 / 2
Connacher Oil and Gas LimitedAlgar 34 / 34 34 / 34 35 / 34 34 / 34 34 / 34 35 / 34 35 / 34 35 / 34 35 / 34 34 / 34 35 / 34 35 / 34 34 / 34 35 / 34
Great Divide 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38 38 / 38
ConocoPhillips Canada LimitedSurmont (original pilot) 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6 6 / 6
Surmont 59 / 59 59 / 59 59 / 64 58 / 65 54 / 59 54 / 59 54 / 59 54 / 60 52 / 60 51 / 60 58 / 65 60 / 65 61 / 66 62 / 67
Devon Canada CorporationJackfish 1 54 / 56 53 / 56 63 / 67 65 / 69 63 / 69 63 / 69 64 / 69 63 / 69 63 / 69 63 / 69 119 / 125 121 / 125 121 / 125 139 / 139
Jackfish 2 --- --- --- --- --- 28 / 28 42 / 42 56 / 56 56 / 56 --- --- --- --- ---
Husky Energy Inc. Tucker 60 / 85 70 / 94 70 / 94 72 / 98 74 / 100 94 / 115 94 / 115 96 / 115 94 / 115 89 / 115 92 / 116 92 / 116 92 / 116 92 / 116
Japan Canada Oil Sands Limited Hangingstone 41 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 40 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 40 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44 41 / 44
MEG Energy Corp. Christina Lake 68 / 70 70 / 70 68 / 70 68 / 70 69 / 70 69 / 70 69 / 70 70 / 71 70 / 71 70 / 71 70 / 71 74 / 81 74 / 81 78 / 81
Nexen Inc. Long Lake 168 / 181 166 / 181 172 / 181 171 / 181 171 / 181 167 / 181 166 / 181 166 / 181 171 / 181 168 / 181 172 / 181 172 / 181 172 / 181 172 / 181
Shell Canada Limited Orion 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 42 / 44 43 / 44 42 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44
Statoil Canada Ltd. Leismer 30 / 30 32 / 32 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 42 / 44 42 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44 44 / 44
Suncor Energy Inc.Firebag 80 / 82 80 / 82 80 / 82 80 / 82 94 / 96 106 / 108 110 / 113 112 / 117 109 / 117 113 / 117 135 / 137 135 / 137 164 / 166 165 / 168
MacKay River 112 / 117 112 / 117 110 / 117 110 / 117 109 / 117 108 / 117 107 / 119 117 / 127 118 / 127 118 / 127 116 / 129 117 / 129 120 / 131 129 / 139
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SAGD ProDuCinG or injeCtinG WellS / WellS CAPAble of ProDuCinG or injeCtinG
Company Project Jan 2011 Feb 2011 Mar 2011 Apr 2011 May 2011 Jun 2011 Jul 2011 Aug 2011 Sep 2011 Oct 2011 Nov 2011 Dec 2011 Jan 2012 Feb 2012
Baytex Energy Corp.
Cliffdale Pilot 1 / 1 1 / 1 3 / 3 3 / 3 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 5 / 5 6 / 6
Harmon Valley Pilot 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1 1 / 1
Canadian Natural Resources Limited
Primrose/Wolf Lake 783 / 947 798 / 947 803 / 948 798 / 949 810 / 946 817 / 958 811 / 958 811 / 959 823 / 973 817 / 973 810 / 973 801 / 973 796 / 973 796 / 987
Imperial Oil Limited Cold Lake 3,203 / 4,377 3,168 / 4,378 3,242 / 4,401 3,306 / 4,400 3,394 / 4,456 3,335 / 4,482 3,273 / 4,507 3,335 / 4,504 3,279 / 4,506 3,279 / 4,507 3,166 / 4,507 3,011 / 4,510 2,954 / 4,507 2,865 / 4,540
Shell Canada Limited Peace River 79 / 115 74 / 115 73 / 115 87 / 115 84 / 115 64 / 115 78 / 115 79 / 115 74 / 117 82 / 117 75 / 117 81 / 117 82 / 117 82 / 117
Southern Pacific Resource Corp.
Red Earth 0 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 2 0 / 2 1 / 2 2 / 2 3 / 3 3 / 3 3 / 3 3 / 3 1 / 3 0 / 3 0 / 3
CSS CommerCiAl ProjeCtS & leGenD
Company Project Region Formation Average Reservoir Depth Phase Name Location Capacity (bbls/d) Production Start
baytex energy Corp. Cliffdale Pilot Peace River Bluesky-Gething 350-375 m Cliffdale Pilot 00-00-084-17W5 1,000 2008
Harmon Valley Pilot Peace River Bluesky-Gething 350-375 m Harmon Valley Pilot 1,000 2010
Canadian natural resources limited
Primrose/Wolf Lake
South Athabasca, Cold LakeClearwater, Upper Grand Rapids
450 m
Primrose East 00-00-067-03W4 32,000 2008
Primrose North 00-00-068-04W4 30,000 2006
Primrose South 00-00-067-04W4 45,000 1985
Wolf Lake 00-00-065-05W4 13,000 1985
imperial oil limited Cold Lake Cold Lake Clearwater 400 mPhases 1-10 00-00-065-03W4 110,000 1985
Phases 11-13 00-00-064-03W4 30,000 2002
Shell Canada limited Peace River Peace River Bluesky-Gething 550 m Cadotte Lake 00-00-085-18W5 12,500 1986
Southern Pacific resource Corp. Red Earth Peace River Bluesky-Gething 350-375 m Pilot 00-00-088-09W5 1,000 2009
Source for all information (except where noted): energy reSourceS conServation Board
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
800
600
400
200
0
barr
els
per d
ayba
rrel
s pe
r day
CSS WAter ProDuCtion rAteS (refer to CSS project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAY
THER
MA
L OP
ERATIO
NS P
ERFO
RM
AN
CE - JU
LY 2
01
2
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
1,500
1,200
900
500
300
0
barr
els
per d
ayba
rrel
s pe
r day
CSS SteAm injeCtion rAteS (refer to CSS project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAY
180,000
150,000
120,000
90,000
60,000
30,000
0
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
barr
els
per d
ayba
rrel
s pe
r day
CSS CruDe bitumen ProDuCtion (refer to CSS project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAY
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
barr
els
of s
team
inje
cted
per
bar
rel o
f bitu
men
pro
duce
d
CSS SteAm to oil rAtioS (refer to CSS project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAY
1.05
0.95
0.75
0.65
0.55
0.45
1,500
1,200
900
500
300
0
CSS WAter to SteAm rAtioS (refer to CSS project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 5,000 bArrelS Per DAY
barr
els
of w
ater
use
d pe
r bar
rel o
f bitu
men
pro
duce
d
Cost
per
bar
rel
SAGD ProjeCt oPerAtinG CoStS
$100.00
$80.00
$60.00
$40.00
$20.00
$0.00Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
2011 2011 2011 2011 2012
Cenovus Energy Inc. Christina Lake
Cenovus Energy Inc. Foster Creek
Connacher Oil and Gas Limited Great Divide/Algar
Husky Energy Inc. Tucker
MEG Energy Corp. Christina Lake
Nexen Inc. Long Lake
Suncor Energy Inc. Firebag & MacKay River
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
barr
els
per d
ayba
rrel
s pe
r day
SAGD SteAm injeCtion rAteS (refer to SAGD project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAY
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
70,000
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
barr
els
per d
ayba
rrel
s pe
r day
SAGD WAter ProDuCtion rAteS (refer to SAGD project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAY
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
barr
els
per d
ayba
rrel
s pe
r day
SAGD CruDe bitumen ProDuCtion (refer to SAGD project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAY
1.20
1.10
1.00
0.90
0.80
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0
SAGD WAter to SteAm rAtioS (refer to SAGD project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAY
barr
els
of w
ater
use
d pe
r bar
rel o
f bitu
men
pro
duce
d
14.19
Pric
e pe
r bar
rel
$125.00
$100.00
$75.00
$50.00
$25.00
$0.00Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
2011 2011 2011 2011 2012
ComPAnY ProDuCt
Cenovus Energy Inc. Christina Lake
Foster Creek
Connacher Oil and Gas Limited Great Divide/Algar
Husky Energy Inc. Tucker
MEG Energy Corp. Christina Lake
ComPAnY ProDuCt
Nexen Inc. Long Lake (Premium sweet crude)
Suncor Energy Inc. Light sweet crude oil
West Texas Intermediate
Brent
SAGD & CSS tHermAl in Situ ProDuCt PriCeS
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
8
6
4
2
0
SAGD SteAm to oil rAtioS (refer to SAGD project legend)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
2011 2012
ProDuCinG
oVer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAYProDu
CinG u
nDer 10,000 bArrelS Per DAY
barr
els
of s
team
inje
cted
per
bar
rel o
f bitu
men
pro
duce
d
15.42
32.70 26.33
Source: IndIvIdual company dataSource: IndIvIdual company data
The heat from the steam reduces the viscosity of the heavy crude oil or bitumen, which allows it to ow down into the lower wellbore.
Gravity allows for crude oil or bitumen and water to collect around the lower wellbore, which allows it to be pumped out to be re�ned.
Production well
Injection well
STEAM ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE (SAGD)
STEAM ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE
SAGD was originally conceived by Dr. Roger Butler, an engineer for Imperial Oil. Tests, �rst by Imperial, and later by the now-defunct Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA) at its underground test facility in the Athabasca oilsands, proved the feasibility of the concept. Advances in horizontal drilling have allowed for SAGD operations from the surface. Two parallel horizontal oil wells are drilled in the formation. The upper well injects steam, and the lower well collects the water that the results from the condensation of the injected steam and the bitumen. The injected steam heats the heavy oil or bitumen and lowers its viscosity, which allows it to ow down into the lower wellbore. The water and bitumen emulsion is recovered to the surface by several methods such as steam lift, gas lift or by downhole pump.
STEAM ASSISTED GRAVITY DRAINAGE (SAGD)STAGE 1 - STEAM INJECTION
Steam is injected intothe reservoir.
STAGE 2 - SOAK PHASE
Steam and condensed waterheat the viscous oil.
STAGE 3 - PRODUCTION
Heated oil and water arepumped to the surface.
CYCLIC STEAM STIMULATION
In Canada, CSS—also known as the “huff and puff” method—was developed by Imperial Oil at Cold Lake in the 1980s. In the same area, it is now also used by Canadian Natural Resources Limited, and a variation of the technology is used by Shell Canada Limited at Peace River. CSS is being piloted by Southern Paci�c Resource Corp. at Red Earth and Baytex Energy Corp. at Harmon Valley and Cliffdale. A single well is used to inject high-pressure steam into the reservoir, both to heat the oil and to reduce its viscosity. The pressure dilates the formation, in�ating the reservoir. As it cools, the reservoir de�ates, providing a drive mechanism. Following injection, the well remains suspended for a required period of time to allow heat to soak into the formation. After the soak phase, the operation of the injector well is reversed to produce the oil. The hot oil is then pumped out of the well using conventional pumpjacks for periods ranging from weeks to months. These three phases together comprise one cycle. Steam is re-injected to begin a new cycle when oil production rates fall below a critical threshold due to the cooling of the reservoir.
CYCLIC STEAM STIMULATION (CSS)CYCLIC STEAM STIMULATION (CSS)
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