Temperature THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF AN OBJECT. Average
motion energy Thermal Energy THE TOTAL KINETIC + POTENTIAL ENERGY
IN AN OBJECT. Energy of stored bonds + motion
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Temperature Reference Points Freezing Point of Water 0 Cor 32F
Boiling Point of Water 100Cor212F
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0 100 Temperature (C) 212 32 Temperature (F) Temperature
Conversions T K = Temperature in Kelvin T C = Temperature in C T F
= Temperature in F
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HEAT TRANSFER
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1.Which object has the greatest temperature? 2.Which object has
the greatest average kinetic energy? 3.Which object has the
greatest total kinetic energy? 4.Which object has the greatest
Thermal Energy? 5.Which object, left on its own, in outer space,
has the greatest heat? 6.Which object, connected to the table, has
the greatest heat transfer? A. 97C 50 mL B. 7C 1 L C. -2C 1000 kL
D. None of these
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Heat HEAT = THERMAL ENERGY THAT IS TRANSFERRED FROM ONE OBJECT
TO ANOTHER. HEAT ALWAYS FLOWS FROM THE HIGHER TEMPERATURE TO THE
LOWER TEMPERATURE Touch the leg of your chair and the leg of your
desk. Which one is colder?
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Pizza Capacity Think and Explain? When I throw my pizza into
the microwave to warm it up, it isnt the same temperature
throughout. Why?
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Heat Capacity All substances will change temperature as they
gain thermal energy. HEAT CAPACITY = THE AMOUNT OF TEMPERATURE
CHANGE TO A HEATED OBJECT DEPENDS ON THE OBJECT AND THE MASS.
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Modes of Heat Transfer The three methods of Heat Transfer
CONDUCTION CONVECTION RADIATION
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Conduction CONDUCTION = THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY THE
COLLOSIONS OF PARTICLES CONDUCTION REQUIRES CONTACT It is an
exchange of energy between atoms and electrons by collisions Less
energetic particles gain energy during collisions with more
energetic particles.
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Materials Listed are common materials. Better conductors have a
higher thermal conductivity Demo - POOR CONDUCTOR = GOOD
INSULATOR
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Conduction Examples Why is the tile cold and the carpet feel
warm? Because the tile is a better conductor and it has a greater
heat capacity
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Convection What is convection? THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY A
CURRENT OF FLUID REQUIRES A FLUID(Gas/Liquid) When the movement
results from differences in density, it is called natural
convection When the movement is forced by a fan or a pump, it is
called forced convection
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Convection Heating An example of natural convection Explain
what is happening Water Temp Demo
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Convection Current Example What is the forced convection? What
is the natural convection?
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Weather due to natural convection
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Radiation RADIATION = THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES RADIATION DOES NOT REQUIRE CONTACT All
objects radiate (give off) energy continuously in the form of
electromagnetic waves due to thermal vibrations of the
molecules
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Thermal Expansion When an object is heated, its particles speed
up and spread apart, making the object expand. Demo - Uses:
Cavities, Bridges, Sidewalks Lines Downsides - potholes
Slide 21
Radiation example No physical contact is necessary The
electromagnetic waves carry the energy The heat transfer cannot be
accounted for by conduction or convection (thru space)
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States of Matter
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PictureVolumeShape Kinetic Energy Inter- molecular Force Gas
Liquid Solid
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Phase Summary Picture Definite Volume Definite Shape Kinetic
Energy Inter- molecular Force GasNo High Sometimes bounce off one
another None Liquid YesNo Medium Roll, Bounce off one another Weak
SolidYes Low Shake back and Forth Strong
Slide 25
States of Matter Notes These are found online at
http://prezi.com/_2quyv8zpnzq/notes-states- of-matter/
http://prezi.com/_2quyv8zpnzq/notes-states- of-matter/ (Look at
these or youll be sorry).
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Deposition = Frost Condensation Amorphous Definite Shape No
Definite Shape Fluid Molecules in motion Vaporziation Melting
Crystalline Freezing Definite Volume No Definite Volume Least
Kinetic energy Medium Kinetic energy Property of Viscosity Highest
Kinetic Energy Sublimation = Dry Ice
Slide 27
Phase Change Graphs
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0 1 2 3 4 5 Thermal Energy 150 100 50 0 Temperature (C) Thermal
Energy and Phase Changes Freezing Liquid Gas Condensation Melting
Solid Vaporization
Slide 29
Phase Change Process (S & L) Melting THERMAL ENERGY IS USED
TO BREAK BONDS The bonds that hold molecules in vibrating lattice
structure are breaking. The Intermolecular Forces Lessen Freezing
THERMAL ENERGY IS USED TO CREATE BONDS AND HOLD MOLECULES IN PLACE
The bonds that will hold molecules in position are forming The
Intermolecular Forces Increase Melting Point THE TEMPERATURE AT
WHICH AN OBJECT EITHER MELTS OR FREEZES.
Slide 30
E vaporation = E scape Brants Maximum Security Penitentiary for
Incarcerated Dress Code Violators and Others. If the highest IQs
escape, what happens to the average Penitentiary IQ. Up Down
Same
Slide 31
VAPORIZATION (L G) EVAPORATION A CHANGE IN PHASE FROM LIQUID TO
GAS AT THE SURFACE. This cools the remaining liquid! BOILING A
CHANGE IN PHASE FROME LIQUID TO GAS BELOW THE SURFACE. This cools
the remaining liquid! Boiling Point THE TEMPERATURE THAT AN OBJECT
VAPORIZES OR CONDENSES.
Slide 32
Condensation (G L) CONDENSATION A CHANGE OF PHASE FROM GAS TO
LIQUID. This is a WARMING PROCESS for the liquid. Gas molecules
strike surface of liquid and give up so much energy that they cant
stay in gaseous phase Examples Droplets forming on mirror Droplets
on glass of water
Slide 33
C ondensation = C aptured The smart kids sneak out of a
convocation in the gym and join the prison of ISS. What happens to
the average IQ of the prison? Up Down Same
Slide 34
Phase Changes with the Gizmo The differences with this type of
graph, and the basic phase change graph is that the time is the
x-axis instead of changing thermal energy. Hint: In these graphs
Mr. Nuetzel had an initial setup, then didnt change any of the
settings after starting it.
Slide 35
Phase Change Gizmo With this setup, what will happen to the
temp. graph?
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Whats the difference between these two graphs?
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Phase Change Gizmo With this setup, what will happen to the
temp. graph?
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Interpreting Graphs Hint Mr. Nuetzel didnt keep the RATE of
heat transfer constant in these graphs.
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What is happening in this graph?
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What is the difference in these graphs?
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What is happening in this graph?
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Acting Out Phase Changes Get in a group of 8-12 students. You
will have 2 minutes to decide how you want to act out one of the
phase changes that H2O can go through with either an addition or
subtraction of thermal energy. Demonstrate your skit to the
class.
Slide 55
Review Discussion Questions Explain in detail and use the
thermal energy vocabulary. When I throw my pizza into the microwave
to warm it up, it isnt the same temperature throughout. Why? How is
the house heated? How does a thermometer work?
