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8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 1/16
Theory of Flight
By : Hardeep Singh
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 2/16
Objectives
To demonstrate an understanding of the
atmosphere and its conf iguration.
Learners should evident the use of ISA and variation
of pressure, temperature and density with altitude.
Learners to demonstrate an understanding of
subsonic f low and its parameter.
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 3/16
What is the Atmosphere?
Thin layer of gases enveloping earth heldb y the gravitational pull.
Ma jor gases: N2(78%) and O2 (21%)
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 4/16
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 5/16
Troposphere
lowest layer; temperature decreaseswith altitude
thinnest layer (8-16 km, avg. 11 km) where weather occurs primarily heated by Earth·s surface
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 6/16
Stratosphere
found above the troposphere
temperature rises with elevation
Ozone Layer located here
upper stratosphere temperature increases withaltitude due to absorption of UV (ultraviolet) radiation in the ozone layer
Note :Without the ozone layer protecting us, we could not live on the surface of the Earth!
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
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Mesosphere
above the stratosphere
temperature decreaseswith altitude
Meteorites and space
dust burns up in this layer
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 8/16
Ionosphere
Q uartz Lake State Park, Alaska (Curtis, 1996)
defined based on electricalcharacteristics within thethermosphere
absorbs cosmic rays, gamma rays,X-rays, some UV rays
contains ions: charged electricalparticles
visible light is emitted when ionsare bombarded b y cosmic radiation
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 9/16
Any Q uestions ?
Draw a diagram labelling the diff erent layers of the
atmosphere and the variation of temperature with
increase in altitude ?
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 10/16
Objectives
To demonstrate an understanding of the
atmosphere and its conf iguration.
Learners should evident the use of ISA and variation
of pressure, temperature and density with altitude.
Learners to demonstrate an understanding of
subsonic f low and its parameter.
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 11/16
International Standard Atmosphere
(I
S
A ) ? The ISA consists of all the important f actors like
temperature, density and pressure with respect to
altitude.
ISA is based on the US Standard atmosphere, which
is compiled in 1962 under NASA and USAF.
Use of ISA helps compare performance of diff erent
aircraf ts and propulsions systems.
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 12/16
Sea Level Conditions
Standard Sea Level Values
Pressure : 101,325 N/m²
Density : 1.2250 Kg/m³
Temperature : 288.16 K
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 13/16
Changes with increase in altitude
Temperature Density Pressure
Note : Please pay attention on the unit used for temperature , density and pressure
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
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Any Q uestions ?
Standard Sea Level Values
Pressure : 101,325 N/m²
Density : 1.2250 Kg/m³
Temperature : 288.16 K
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 15/16
Objectives
To demonstrate an understanding of the
atmosphere and its conf iguration.
Learners should evident the use of ISA and variation
of pressure, temperature and density with altitude.
Learners to demonstrate an understanding of
subsonic f low and its parameter.
8/8/2019 Theory of Flight Atmosphere
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/theory-of-flight-atmosphere 16/16
Subsonic ?
To be Continued