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The World's 3 major religions. To truly understand Judaism and Islam and many of the conflicts today between the two, you need to understand the birth of two ethnic groups … Jews and Arabs. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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To truly understand Judaism and Islam and many of the conflicts today between the two, you need to understand the birth of two ethnic groups
… Jews and Arabs.
About 4000 years ago, in the city of Ur in Sumer there lived a man named Abraham. He believed that God spoke to him, telling him that his descendents would be God’s chosen people and that they would out number the stars. Abraham had two sons.
Ishmael’s descendents came to be known as the Arabs – being the descendents of Abraham’s oldest son, they believe they are God’s chosen people.
Isaac’s descendents came to be known as Jews (or Hebrews or Israelites) – they believe their bloodline is the true chosen of God.
Abraham – Father of 2 Ethnic Groups
Abraham
•Married to Sarah
•Had a son – Isaac
•Descendents – Hebrews (later known as Jews or Israelites)
•Hagar (Egyptian)
•Had a son – Ishmael
•Descendents - Arabs
Therefore, “bad blood” between the two groups since the time of Abraham!
The Birth of Judaism• Abraham – lived in the city of Ur in Sumer –
more than 3000 years ago• God chose Abraham and his descendents to
be His people• When Abraham was 100 years old, he had a
son he named Isaac• Abraham and Isaac's descendents are the
Jewish people• First monotheistic (belief in one God) religion!
Birth place of AbrahamWhat present-day country is this today?
Jerusalem is a holy city for the
Jews.
During Biblical times, Jerusalem
was a political and religious center of Jewish people.
King David made it the capital city and later his son, King Solomon built the first Jewish temple here (900’s BC).
This temple was built, destroyed, and rebuilt many times over several hundred years as other people conquered Jerusalem. The temple was destroyed for the last time in 70 AD by the
Romans. All that remains today is the Western Wall.
The Western Wall
When Rome burned the temple in 70 AD, they left the outer wall. This wall was not part of the original temple, but rather surrounded the temple. However,
being the only remaining remnant of their most sacred temple, this wall soon became a very holy place to the Jewish people.
Jews come to this wall to pray. Because of the heartfelt prayers offered here, non-Jewish people refer to the wall as
the Wailing Wall. However, the Jewish people refer to the wall as the Western Wall.
•1st 5 books of the Bible – written by Moses
•Recounts the history of the Jewish people•Believed to be the law as given to Moses by God
Holy book of the Jewish faith
Torah
Place of worship …
…Synagogue
The Birth of Christianity
Jesus was born to a Jewish family about 2030 years ago in the city of Bethlehem. At 30 years old, he began preaching and teaching about God. Soon his followers grew, as well as his enemies.
Three years later, his enemies crucified Him on the hill of Calvary in Jerusalem. Three days later He rose from
the dead, appeared to His followers, and eventually went to heaven. His followers continued his work and began
the religion of Christianity.
Therefore, Jerusalem is also very holy to
Christians. The Church of the Holy
Sepulcher is believed to stand on the hill of
Calvary.
www.worldreligions.psu.edu
Christianity began to spread by the preaching and teachings of Christians.
The holy book for Christians is the Holy Bible.
The Birth of Islam
Muhammad (an Arab) was born in Mecca in 570 AD. At age 40, he received revelations from God. He began preaching about these messages from God as well as against the corruption of society. He also gained many followers as well as enemies.
In 622 AD nobles of Mecca were threatening his life, so he fled Mecca to Medina. There he built an army and eight years later (630 AD), he returned to Mecca. He took the city of Mecca and destroyed the idols in the Kaaba. He proclaimed that only Allah (God) was to be worshipped and proclaimed Mecca a holy city.
The KaabaThe Qu’ran
(Islam’s holy book) states that the Kaaba was
built by Abraham and his son
Ishmael. The Kaaba had been filled with over 300 idols, but
when Muhammad took Mecca, he destroyed the
idols and proclaimed that only Allah would be worshipped
here.
Muslims (followers of Islam) consider the Kaaba so sacred, they believe that at least once in their life
they must make a pilgrimage (or Haj) to the Kaaba.
Another sacred place for Muslims
Dome of the Rock
Muslims believe that Muhammad rose to heaven from this site and the rock marks the site. Where is this rock and dome located?
Jerusalem!
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_07_156.gif
During the 7th and 8th centuries, Islam spread by conversion and military conquest throughout the Middle East and North Africa. By 733, just 100 years after the death of Muhammad, an Islamic state stretched from the Indus Valley
in the east to Spain in the west. (Caliphs – rulers of Islam)
The holy book of Islam is the Qu’ran.
Place of worship …
…Mosque
Mosque in Brunei
Blue Mosque in Turkey
So…let’s sum it up
and compare these 3
religions.
Judaism
Christianity Islam
Where did the religion begin?
Sumer
JudeaArabia
Who is the founder?
Abraham
Followers of Jesus
Muhammad
What is the religion based on?
Abraham’s covenant with God
Jesus – the Son of God
Muhammad’s revelations
Where are the stories recorded?
New Testament Qur’an
What do they have in common?
Old Testament
Founders received
revelationWorship one God
Torah
Let’s look further!
What are their basic beliefs and
how do they compare?
Basic BeliefsChristianity Islam Judaism
•One God•Bible is written word of God•Jesus Christ God manifested in flesh•Jesus died for sinners•Believe in life after death•Holy Book – the Bible
•One God•Belief in all prophets•Belief in Day of Judgment and life after death•Holy Book – Qu’ran or Koran
•G-d exists•G-d is one•G-d is eternal•Pray to G-d alone•Words of prophets are true•G-d will reward the good and punish the evil•Holy Book - Torah
Jews believe the name of God is so holy that they do not spell out His name. Instead, they write G-d.
5 pillars of Islam• There is only 1 God • Praying 5 times a day in the
direction of Mecca• Giving to the poor and needy• Fasting during the month of
Ramadan• Making a pilgrimage, or haj, to
Mecca
Let’s look further still!How do their holidays and
traditions compare?
Christianity Islam Judaism
•Christmas –
- the birth of Jesus
•Lent –
- 40 days leading up to Easter – personal reflection, improvement through prayer, fasting, and study
•Holy Week
- Palm Sunday
- Maundy Thursday – remember Last Supper
- Good Friday
- Easter Sunday
•Muhammad’s Birthday•Ramadan
- Muslims fast during daylight hours entire month•Day of Ashurah
- day on which God saved Jews from Egypt’s Pharaoh
•Passover – celebrates Exodus from Egypt •Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year-reflection•Yom Kippur
- day of fasting and repentance for mistakes •Hanukkah
- celebrates rededication of holy Temple in Jerusalem
Holidays and Traditions
Just when you thought you were through!
We have one more aspect to discuss!When have you ever
known of a people who get along 100%! Well,
people of the same religion have differences
too!
Let’s take a look!
Jews have differences of opinions…
•Orthodox Jews believe in strict observance of the traditions and principles of Judaism.
•Secular Jews do not follow all the laws and traditions as strictly.
Christians have differences of opinions…
Just to name a few, you have the …
•Methodists
•Baptists
•Lutherans
•Presbyterians
•Episcopalians
Likewise, Muslims have their differences of opinions as well. This has caused a division among Muslims, dividing them into two separate groups…
•Sunnis
•Shi’ites
The major reason for this division came in the 7th century with the question of succession. The Shi’ites believed that Mohammad’s successor should be a direct descent of Mohammad while Sunnis believed that Mohammad’s successor should be selected by religious leaders. This sparked a civil war between the two groups, and the two groups continue to be divided on major issues today.
Sunnis
Shi’ites
Believe in
-One God
-5 Pillars
-Qu’ran
•Successor should be direct descent of Mohammad
•Leaders - Imams
•12 Imams – the last one is still in hiding and will return one day
•Interpret the Qu’ran
•Imams can reinterpret Qu’ran’s meaning
•Extremely conservative
•Most believe in jihad
•Successor should be elected by leaders
•Leaders - caliphs
•Do not believe in “hiding” Imam
•Take Qu’ran literally – not interpretations
•Caliphs are guardians of Qu’ran
•Very conservative
•Some willing to practice jihad (holy war)
Muslim Distribution Today
Sunni
Shi’ite
Words to know…• Monotheism• Polytheism• Judaism• Christianity• Islam• Muslims • Sunni • Shi’ite• Haji • Torah• Qu’ran (Koran)• Jihad
• Muhammad• Abraham• Jesus• Caliph• Mosque • Synagogue • Dome of the Rock• Western Wall
People and places to know…
Essential Questions to know…
• Why is Jerusalem so important to all 3 religions?
• What is the origin of Judaism?• What is the origin of Christianity?• What is the origin of Islam?• Why did Muslims divide into two separate
groups? What are these two groups? What are the similarities and differences of these two groups of Muslims?
Believe it or not…