The World of Music7th Edition

Part 3

Listening to World Music

Chapter 8:

Music Beyond the Americas

Classical Music of India

• Classical Music– Highly Developed– Improvisatory– Melodic– No Intended Harmony– Memorized– Virtuosic– Sensitive

• Terms– Rasa - the aesthetic basis– Raga – the melodic pattern– Tala – the rhythmic pattern– Guru – master teacher

• Hindustani Instruments– Sitar – the lead plucked

stringed instrument– Sarod – another plucked

stringed instrument– Tabla - drum– Tambura – stringed

instrument providing the drone

• Karnatic Instruments– Vina - the lead plucked

stringed instrument– Mridangam - drum– Sarangi – a bowed stringed

instrument

Popular Music of India

• Disseminated by Cassette Tape

• Often Pirated

• Influenced by Western Jazz and Rock

• Often Lip-Synched in “Bollywood” Musicals

Music in Japan

• Traditional Japanese Music– Often incorporated into theatre– Regional in Variety– Entwined with visual and dramatic effects– Maximum Effect from Minimum Resources– Kengyo – Venerable Master Teachers

• Instruments– Koto – 13 stringed instrument– Shakuhachi – End Blown Flute– Shamisen – 3 stringed accompaniment instrument

Music in Japan

• Styles– Gaguku – ancient court music

• From 9th through 11th centuries• Total experience – dance, masks, visual effects• Instruments

– Hichiriki – Double reeded like an Oboe– Sho – Mouth Organ

– Kabuki – theatrical music• After the 14th century• Naguta – the onstage ensemble

– Drums, Shamisens, Flute, and singers

• Geza – Offstage ensemble primarily for effects

Music in Japan

• Western Styles Prominent– Taught in Schools, Universities, and

conservatories• Classical• Jazz• Latin

– Performed Frequently

Music in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Usually found with other Arts– Dancing– Cotumes– Sculpture– Crafts– Drama

• Functions– Religious– Social Activities– Entertainment– Ceremonies

• Instruments– Membranophones

• Drums– Idiophones

• Rattles• Bells

– Chordophones• Harps• Fiddles

– Xylophones– Mbiras (Thumb Piano)

• 8 to 30 keys/metal reeds– Aerophones

• Trumpets• Flutes

Popular Music in Sub-Saharan Africa

• Famous Styles– Highlife– Juju– Afro-Beat

• Influenced by Western Popular Music

• Famous Artists– Babtunde Olatunji– Youssou N’Dour– King Sunny Ade’– Ladysmith Black

Mambazo

Traditional Music of Eastern Europe

• Influences– Byzantine Chants– Mongolian Pentatonic

Modes– Islamic

Rhythms/Textures– Western European

Musical Language

• Threats to Traditional Music– Shift to

Industrialization– Government Control of

Culture– Changes in

National/Regional Boundaries

– Ethnic Population Shifts

The Music of Indonesia

• Gamelan– 4 to 30 musicians– Instruments

• Gongs

• Drums

• Metal “Xylophones”

– Often with added Dance, Drama and Poetry

– Non-Western Scales– Found in many American

Universities (FSU)

• Popular Music– Kroncong

• Old Style

• From Film

• Patriotic

• Respectable

– Dangdut• Youth (New) Style

• Mostly poor people

• Influences from– Indian Music– Kroncong– Western Pop

Jewish Music• American Jewish Classical Composers

– Irving Berlin– George Gershwin– Aaron Copland– Leonard Bernstein

• Liturgical Music– Emphasizes prayers and invocations– Melismatic– Sung by the Cantor

• Klezmer Music– Popular– Small Band (Combo)– Plays

• Jewish Tunes• Yiddish Folk Music• Gentile Music

Celtic Music

• Traditional Music found in– Ireland– Scotland– Wales– Brittany (GB)– France– Spain

• Oral Tradition• Popular amongst New

Age Music Fans• Similar to, but not equal

to Irish Folk Music

• Artists– Altan– Clannad– Solas– The Chieftains

Celtic Music

• Instruments– Fiddles– Bodhran

• Hand Drum

– Harp• Celtic• Welsh

– Bouzouki• Plucked Stringed Instrument

– Uilleann Pipes• Irish Bellows blown Bagpipes

– Hurdy Gurdy – a mechanical violin• A stringed instrument where a rosined wheel rotates under the

strings (instead of being bowed) creating the vibrations for sound