This section can be found on pages 72 – 81

Human Geograp

hyGCSE

Revision BookletPaper 2 includes

the following topics:

Section A: Urban Issues and

Challenges Section B: The

Changing Economic World

Section C: The Challenge of

Resource Management

This workbook will test your knowledge on

Name:________________________Teacher______________________

You should use the free revision guide to help you complete this booklet and revise.

Note that not all of the answers will be in the revision guide. You may have to come up with an opinion or use your school exercise book.

Each key idea from the AQA Specification will have a key next to it

Exam 5th

June 2019 2019

Page 72 page 81 – Urban Issues and Challenges – Q1

A growing percentage of the world’s population lives in urban areas

What is urbanisation?

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Page 72 – Look at map on page 72, describe where the fastest and slowest rates of urbanisation are happening________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why is urbanisation happening at a faster rate in LICs and a slower rate in HICs?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is rural-urban migration? _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

What is a push factor?___________________________________________________

Give 3 examples

What is a pull factor?____________________________________________________

Give 3 examples

Human Geograp

hyGCSE

Revision BookletPaper 2 includes

the following topics:

Section A: Urban Issues and

Challenges Section B: The

Changing Economic World

Section C: The Challenge of

Resource Management

This workbook will test your knowledge on

What is a megacity?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 74 Page 75 Urban growth creates opportunities and challenges for cities in LICs and NEEs

Case study of a major city in a NEE: Mumbai, India

Complete the table to show why Mumbai is important regionally, nationally and internationally:

Regionally Nationally Internationally

What are the causes of urban growth in Mumbai?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bullet point the economic opportunities as a result of urban growth

Bullet point the social opportunities as a result of urban growth

What are the challenges created by urban growth in Mumbai? Complete the table with brief notes to show these challenges:

Slums Clean water, sewage and electricity

Health and education

Unemployment and crime

Waste, pollution and

traffic congestion

An example of how urban planning is improving the quality of life for the urban poor: Dharavi Slum Rehabilitation Authority

List improvements that were made by the

Authority:____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

What were the successes and failures of the programme

Successes Failures

Urban change in cities in the UK leads to a variety of social, economic and environmental opportunities and challenges

Page 79 Describe the population distribution in the UK. Include names of cities and compass points in your answer. Include most and least populated areas.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A case study of a major city in the UK: Leeds

In the revision guide has details of the London case study. London can also be found on the blog at www.thekingsschoolgeography.wordpress.com Details of Leeds are below

Location and importance of city in UK and wider worldEstimated population of 760,000.

Considered one of the main cultural, financial and commercial cities outside of London. After London, Leeds is the largest legal centre in the UK, and in 2011 its financial and insurance services industry was worth £2.1 billion.

30 national and international banks located in the city

It is the headquarters for First Direct and is home to Yorkshire Bank and large Barclays,

Impacts of national and international migration

Recreation and entertainment

Leeds First Direct Arena opened in 2013 – 13,500 capacity venue Trinity Leeds is a shopping and leisure centre with over 130,000 recorded

visitors on opening day. 93,000 m2 of retail floor space for 120 stores anchored by the flagship Marks & Spencer and Topshop/Topman stores.

TransportLeeds Integrated Transport System

Leeds Guided Bus Service - Leeds introduced this system in 1995 on two main routes into the city. The main aim of the scheme is that it allows the buses to move freely through traffic. The buses also have priority at traffic lights.

Environmental & Urban Greening

Green space in the city centre is in short supply. New urban park - The Lifting Tower. Massive 54,000 square foot outdoor space to be used by the public, incorporating newly planted trees, grassed areas and seating in the centre of Leeds.

Social and economic

Harehills is the most densely area in Leeds with low quality terraced housing in the area

Two thirds of housing is rented from the council and housing associations The low cost housing attracts low income groups, this includes significant ethnic

minorities such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and African-Caribbeans The area is placed in the worst 5% of deprived

cities. Two in five households receive council benefits, this is four times as many as the leafy outer suburbs

Unemployment in the area is high, in 2006 it was 8% In the age group 16-74 years only 57% of Harehills

population were economically active

High proportion of black and ethnic minority population concentrated in the centre and inner-city areas of Leeds. Cheaper housing.

How urban change has created opportunities

How urban change has created challenges

Cultural influences on the city – Festivals such as Leeds Asian Festival, Leeds West Indian Carnival. International migration has also had a positive influence on introducing culture such as variety of food.

The high levels of unemployment are down to a lack of skills, poor education and ill-health

45% of adults living in Harehills have no educational qualifications Less than a third of GCSE students obtain a pass 12.1% of residents in Harehills at the last census stated that they were not in

good health Harehills has a below average life expectancy of 71.7 years for males Crime is 4x higher than rest of Leeds

Environmental

66,000 new homes are planned to be built by 2028. 62 per cent will be on brownfield land. This is land that has previously been

built on, the existing site demolished and cleared, and the house built on the land

3 Future of Leeds' waste On average, every household in Leeds produces 590kg of household waste per

year. 44% of waste currently recycled in Leeds  New Recycling and Energy Recovery Facility (RERF) opened in 2016. Uses state-

of-the-art modern technology and engineering to recover recyclables from normal bin waste. The remainder is incinerated and used to generate electricity.

Urban sprawl and growth of commuter settlements

The rural-urban fringe is the area where the suburbs meet the countryside. Due to the expansion of the city, new homes are being built in these areas. For example Taylor Wimpey have just completed a development of 181 new homes in the Whinmoor are of the city,

Many people who work in Leeds now commute from outside the city. Some of these commuter settlements include Thorner, Methley, Castleford & Guisley.

Leeds South Bank

Why redevelop The South Bank of Leeds? 1800s and early 1900s Leeds Waterfront highly industrialised based on textiles industry. Leeds became a centre for the manufacture of steam engines, locomotives, traction engines, pottery, glass and printing. The south bank of Leeds became run down and in some areas a wasteland. It was an area known for crime including prostitution.

Regeneration Project in Leeds

Leeds Clarence Dock / Royal ArmouriesThe closure of industrial buildings led to unemployment and out migration of the area. Unemployment rates in the area were 9.4%. By the 1990s, most of the industrial buildings started to fall into disrepair.The redevelopment project•Between 1996 and 2007, Clarence Dock was developed as £250 million mixed-use development (shops, businesses and housing).•The area includes the Royal Armouries Museum

How has migration impacted on the growth and character of the city? Think about what you find in Leeds and where the influence might have come from.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Outline the opportunities created by urban change in Leeds in the table below:

Cultural mix Recreation and

entertainment

Employment Transport systems

Urban greening

Why did the area need improving?

The area, is located amongst ex-locomotive engineering and manufacturing buildings, some dating back to the 18th century on the south side of the River Aire. Many of these buildings fell into disrepair. The area became an area of high crime including prostitution.

The redevelopment project

It is estimated that £800 million is being spent on the area. This will bring: Office space, new flats and apartments, bars and

Leeds Clarence Dock / Royal ArmouriesThe closure of industrial buildings led to unemployment and out migration of the area. Unemployment rates in the area were 9.4%. By the 1990s, most of the industrial buildings started to fall into disrepair.The redevelopment project•Between 1996 and 2007, Clarence Dock was developed as £250 million mixed-use development (shops, businesses and housing).•The area includes the Royal Armouries Museum

Why did the entrance need improving?

The train station is the UK’s second busiest outside London and has seen rising demand for a southern entrance with the development of major office spaces in the area such as Bridgewater Place, ASDA’s UK headquarters, Holbeck Urban Village and Leeds Clarence Dock.

The Redevelopment Project£20 million was spent on a new South entrance to the station next to Granary Wharfe. Up to one fifth of the station’s 100,000 daily users are expected to benefit from the entrance, which also aims to ease

Leeds.

An example of an urban regeneration project: South Bank, Leeds

Why did the area need regeneration?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Complete the table below to show the main features of the project:

Social improvements Economic improvements Environmental improvements

Social and economic: deprivation, inequalities in housing, education, health

and employment

Environmental including waste disposal

Impact of urban sprawl on the rural-urban fringe and the growth of commuter

settlements

Leeds.

How urban change has created challenges

pages 80 and 81 - Urban sustainability requires management of resources and transport

What is the definition of ‘sustainable urban living’?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why is urban sustainability important?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Identify the 4 features of a sustainable city:

________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

Choose 2 from your list above and explain how this characteristic makes a city sustainable:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Page 81 - How urban transport strategies are used to reduce traffic congestion

Give 2 reasons why there are more cars on the roads now:

______________________________________________ ______________________________________________

Outline what can be done in urban areas to reduce traffic and the effects of traffic:

Rapid transit schemes

Park and ride Cycle routes Bus lanes Pedestrianisation

What is it? What is it? What is it? What is it? What is it?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?

How does it reduce congestion or the effects of traffic?