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American Association for the Advancement of Science
Annual Conference 2010
San Diego 18-22 February 2010
The US and EU power grids:
comparable challenges and
solutions?
Michele de Nigris
February2010
Electric system interconnection
1950-1970
1980-1990
2000 -
♦ Energy and power reserve and mutual aid in case of perturbations
♦ Pre-established long-term contracts for energy exchange
- Costs differentials of primary energy sources.
- Load curves stabilization and flattening
♦ Trans-border contracts based on medium and short term market opportunities. Drivers :
- Market opportunities- Regulation motivating international exchanges
♦ Interconnections are a means to motivate the integration of renewablesin the system:
- Possibility to install higher quantities on non dispatchable sources
- Reduction of emissions of CO2
2005 -
European priority projects: Decision 1364/2006
To solve the problem of limited cross-border transfer capacity the European parliament and the Council identified:
� 9 major axes for electricity(“priority axes”)
� 164 projects of Common Interest
� 32 projects of Europeaninterest
Example: AEP’s Transmission Vision
• Hydro potential in North East regions and upper part of North regions
• Coal reserves mainly in East regions
• Challenge:
• Ensure optimal utilisation of resources
India’s energy resources potential
CHANDRAPUR
U.SILERU
NAGJHARI
SR
KOLHAPUR
PONDA1000MW
BELGAUM
MW1000
GAZUWAKA
RAIPUR
VINDHYACHAL
WR POOLING
GORAKHPUR
WR
GWALIORUJJAIN
NAGDAZERDA
MALANPUR
AGRA
KANKROLIRAPP
KOTA
AURAIYA
FATEHPUR
NR
BIRPARA
ERMALDA
SILIGURI
NAGARPURI
BALIMELA
SIPAT
KORBA
ROURKELARANCHI
TALCHER
DEHRI
SAHU
BALIAMUZAFFARPUR
PATNA
BARHB'SHARIFFNABI
NERBONGAIGAON
SALAKATI
NARENDRA
1000MW
500MW
BUDHIPADAR
SASARAM
GAYA
India’s evolution of the transmission network
2010: Inter-regional capacity 18,700MW
2020: Inter-regional capacity 38,700 MW
China’s energy resources potential
Tibet Hydraulic generation
Xinjiang
coal base
Jin,Shan,ning,meng coal base
Sichuan Hydraulic generation
Jinshajianghydraulic
generation
Load center
NWPG
NCPG
NEPG
CCPG
ECPG
CSG
Xizang
Qinghai
Xinjiang
Gansu
Ningxia
Shaanxi
Shanxi Shandong
Hebei
Inner Mongolia Beijing
Heilongjiang
Jilin
Liaoning
Tianjin
JiangsuHenan
Hubei
HunanJiangxi
Fujian
Anhui
Zheijang
GuangdongGuangxiYunnan
Guizhou
Chongqing &Sichuan
Hainan
Taiwan
Far E Russia-NE China500kV, 3000MW, 2010
Hu-Liao500kV, 3000MW, 2009
China-Russia BtB750MW, 2008
Gaoling BtB2x750MW, 2008
Ningxia-Tianjin500kV, 3000MW, 2011
Yunnan-Guangdong800kV, 5000MW, 2009
Lingbao #2 BtB750MW, 2009
SWPG
Shanghai
Hami- Central China800kV, 6400MW, 2018
Humeng-Liaoning800kV, 6400MW, 2018
Jinsha River II-Fujian800kV, 6400MW, 2018
Jinsha River II-East China800kV, 6400MW, 2019
North-Central BtB1000MW, 2012
Jinping-East China800kV, 6400MW, 2012
Humeng-Tianjin800kV, 6400MW, 2016
Jinsha River I-East China800kV, 6400MW, 2016
Xiluodu-Zhuzhou800kV, 6400MW, 2011
Nuozhadu-Guangdong800kV, 6000MW, 2015
Xiluodu-Hangzhou800kV, 6400MW, 2015
Humeng-Shandong800kV, 6400MW, 2015
Irkutsk (Rusia)-Beijing800kV, 6400MW, 2015
Shandong-East BtB1200MW, 2011
N Shaanxi-Shandong500kV, 3000MW, 2011
De-Bao500kV, 3000MW, 2009
Ge-Shangi #2500kV, 3000MW, 2009
Xianjiaba-Shanghai800kV, 6400MW, 2011
China-Vietnam BtB 1,
750MW, 2010China Vietnam BtB2
750MW, 2012
China’s HVDC 08-19
The problem on the transmission grid is already there
UCTE (now ENTSO-E): “There is a real danger that the increase of interconnection power flows create frequency deviations inside the UCTE area which could, simultaneously with a large outage, put the stability of the entire grid in danger .”
10
The challenge to the transmission network will increase in the future
• Paradigm shift:– Variable generation will be a main part of the base power– Fossil fuel (previously “conventional”) generation becomes peaking
units• Increasing need for power transmission and energy storage
– Generation further away from load centres and increasing variations in power flow
– Increased value of interconnections and energy storage due to• Periods of generation surplus and risk of negative prices• Longer periods of low wind and lack of production capacity
• Large capacity (multi-GW) connections will be more common– These will challenge present security standards (n-1 and similar)
Integrate large amounts of variability
Geographical smoothing effect
Technological smoothing effect
• Possibility to take advantage of the flexible Norwegian hydro power system
• Half of the European reservoir capacity
• Suited for capacity expansion and pumped storage
• Huge contribution to balancing and backup capacity possible
Combining the effects: the North-sea off-shore network
Challenge 2: manage power flows in the network
Local actions have distant consequences
• At the other side of borders?• Who is responsible?• Who will pay?• Who will control?
Organized coordination and cooperation?
• Need for improved data exchange
• Need for correct inter-TSO compensation
Challenge 3: building fresh transmission infrastructure
Proposed cost-benefit Methodology)
criticities analysis
candidates selection
cost-benefits analysis
environmental analysisauthorization path
RES-E Penetration
Smartgrid evolution
Incentivization,consensus
Interaction betweenelectricity and gas
Analysis of TSO planning practice
Analysis bottlenecksand criticities
Challenge 4: prioritize transmission investments
Multi-criteria approach to transmission investments by REALISEGRID project
Challenge 5: coordinate R&D activities
• TRANSMISSION EXPANSION PLANNING UNDER GREATER UNCER TAINTY:– Coordinated planning processes most important!
– Development of standardised planning tools – enhanced methods integrating grid simulations with market models (including probabilistic methods with uncertainty in future generation and load).
• SYSTEM OPERATION MANAGEMENT : – Need to better understand the challenges related to balancing the variability of the future
system
– Development of new operational tools and methods for improved situational awareness and observability of power networks (WAMS, State estimators, forecast tools, ..)
– Solutions for a “smarter transmission grid” (coordinated controls, dynamic line ratings,..)
• TECHNOLOGY: – VSC HVDC: Demonstration projects needed to develop multi-terminal solutions.
– New control systems, emergency control, ICT systems
– Energy storage
ENARD: Electricity Network Analysis Research and Development Implementing Agreement.
“To provide a major international forum for information exchange, in-depth research and analysis and collaborative R&D in relation to electricity T&D networks”
ExecutiveCommittee
(ExCo)
Annex I InformationCollation &
Dissemination
Annex IIDG SystemIntegration
Annex IIIInfrastructure Asset
Management
Annex IVTransmission
Systems
Secretariat
IEA – ENARD: an effective R&D coordination framework
Present and considered membership
Balancing the Variability in Renewable Electricity Supplies
Fredericia, DenmarkOctober 2009
Communications & ControlGotland, SwedenMay 2009
Intelligent NetworksChester, UKApril 2008
Transmission Systems IssuesTrondheim, NorwaySeptember 2007
Economic & Regulatory IssuesLeuven, BelgiumJune 2007
Managing an Ageing Infra-structure
CIRED, ViennaMay 2007
Integration of Distributed Energy Sources and New Business Models
Vienna, AustriaMarch 2007
Distribution Systems and Association End User Issues
Milan, ItalySeptember 2006
ThemeVenueDate
Public workshops
