THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADARTHE UNIVERSITY OF ZADARUl. Mihovila Pavlinovića bbUl. Mihovila Pavlinovića bb

23000 Zadar23000 Zadarwww.unizd.hrwww.unizd.hr

Danica Škara, PhDDanica Škara, PhDdskara@unizd.hrdskara@unizd.hr

The EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION The EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK: THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADARFRAMEWORK: THE UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR

The following topics will be discussed:The following topics will be discussed:

1.1. The European Qualification FrameworkThe European Qualification Framework

2.2. The University of Zadar – learning The University of Zadar – learning outcomes of the new programsoutcomes of the new programs

3.3. Market research of the local communityMarket research of the local community

4.4. The results of the analysisThe results of the analysis

5.5. RecommendationsRecommendations

European qualification European qualification frameworkframework: : transparency, qualitytransparency, quality

mutual trustmutual trust On the degree structure theOn the degree structure the Berlin communiqué Berlin communiqué mentions:mentions: ““Ministers encourage the member States to elaborate Ministers encourage the member States to elaborate

a framework of comparable and compatible a framework of comparable and compatible qualifications for higher education systems, which qualifications for higher education systems, which should seek to describe qualifications in terms of should seek to describe qualifications in terms of workload, level, learning outcomes, competences and workload, level, learning outcomes, competences and profileprofile. They also undertake to elaborate an . They also undertake to elaborate an overarching framework of qualifications for the overarching framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area.”European Higher Education Area.”

In March 2005 the European Council asked for the adoption of an EQF in In March 2005 the European Council asked for the adoption of an EQF in 2006, significicantly strenghtening the political basis for taking forward this 2006, significicantly strenghtening the political basis for taking forward this initiative.initiative.

A succesful development and implementation of an EQF requires a shared A succesful development and implementation of an EQF requires a shared understanding of certain key terms:understanding of certain key terms: learning outcomes, qualifications, learning outcomes, qualifications, competences and frameworks.competences and frameworks.

Definition:Definition: A qualification framework (QF) is an A qualification framework (QF) is an

instrument for the development and instrument for the development and clasifications according to a set of criteria clasifications according to a set of criteria for levels of learning achieved. It could be for levels of learning achieved. It could be described in terms of three types of described in terms of three types of learning outcomes: learning outcomes: knowledge, skills, knowledge, skills, personal and professional competence. personal and professional competence.

The possible EQF is envisaged as a meta-The possible EQF is envisaged as a meta-framework that will enable qualifications framework that will enable qualifications frameworks at national and sectoral level frameworks at national and sectoral level to relate and communicate to each other to relate and communicate to each other thus developing transparency at the thus developing transparency at the European level.European level.

Who should the EQF serve? > the Who should the EQF serve? > the individual citizenindividual citizen, the , the national educationnational education, the , the labor market labor market (national and (national and international)international)

This presentation tries to give some details about the This presentation tries to give some details about the EQF, the main purposes and functions, the common EQF, the main purposes and functions, the common reference levels, the supporting tools, the possible reference levels, the supporting tools, the possible relationship between an EQF and stakeholders at relationship between an EQF and stakeholders at natiiona and sectoral level and a list of questions.natiiona and sectoral level and a list of questions.

Questions related to progress, transfer, accumulation, Questions related to progress, transfer, accumulation, recognition and quality development are to be discussedrecognition and quality development are to be discussed

AIMSAIMS

1. The main purpose of a EQF is to enchance 1. The main purpose of a EQF is to enchance communicationcommunication and and transparencytransparency between between systems and providers, to facilitate systems and providers, to facilitate recognitionrecognition

Faciliate Faciliate mobilitymobility

This requires a neutral This requires a neutral common referencecommon reference referring to referring to learning outcomeslearning outcomes

The EQF would be implemented on a The EQF would be implemented on a voluntary voluntary basisbasis and not on legal obligations. and not on legal obligations.

MODEL FOR THE STRUCTURE OF A EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION MODEL FOR THE STRUCTURE OF A EUROPEAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORKFRAMEWORK

The framework should incorporate the following aspects:The framework should incorporate the following aspects: Overall Overall structurestructure of higher education (cycles and levels) of higher education (cycles and levels)

A set of common reference levels for qualifications described A set of common reference levels for qualifications described in terms of in terms of learning outcomeslearning outcomes and expressed in and expressed in competencescompetences

A common direction for A common direction for future developmentsfuture developments and a basis for and a basis for mutual trustmutual trust

Common instruments and tools: Common instruments and tools: ECTS-credits based on ECTS-credits based on workload , transparencyworkload , transparency

Progression Progression and and recognition agreementsrecognition agreements

The framework should be supported by systems ofThe framework should be supported by systems of quality quality assuaranceassuarance

A EQF will permit authorities (ministers, A EQF will permit authorities (ministers, sectors, etc.) to assign a number of sectors, etc.) to assign a number of creditscredits to a part or full qualification, a to a part or full qualification, a learning sequence or a training program.learning sequence or a training program.

Credit points are attributed to persons on Credit points are attributed to persons on the basis of thir acquired learning the basis of thir acquired learning outcomes, expressed in terms of their outcomes, expressed in terms of their knowledgeknowledge and, particulary their and, particulary their skillsskills and and competencescompetences..

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TWO-CYCLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TWO-CYCLE BOLOGNA SYSTEMBOLOGNA SYSTEM

IN CROATIAIN CROATIA

Since the Bologna Conference 1999, Croatia has Since the Bologna Conference 1999, Croatia has taken several measures to achieve the common taken several measures to achieve the common

aim of a European Higher Education Area. A large aim of a European Higher Education Area. A large number of the Bologna objectives were number of the Bologna objectives were

incorporated into Croatian Law. incorporated into Croatian Law. EQF is to be developed.EQF is to be developed.

The Univertsity of Zadar-All program proposals are The Univertsity of Zadar-All program proposals are based on the following scheme: based on the following scheme:

semestersemester ectsects

II 30 ects30 ects

IIII 30 ects30 ects

IIIIII 30 ects30 ects

IVIV 30 ects30 ects

VV 30 ects30 ects

VIVI 30 ects30 ects

UNDERGRADUATEUNDERGRADUATE

VIIVII 30 ects30 ects

VIIIVIII 30 ects30 ects

IXIX 30ects30ects

GRADUATEGRADUATE 120 ECTS120 ECTS

Total ECTSTotal ECTS 300 ECTS300 ECTS

The University of Zadar

At the moment At the moment 37 undergraduate37 undergraduate programs and programs and 38 graduate38 graduate programs are accepted and programs are accepted and evaluated by the internal and external expertsevaluated by the internal and external experts

Doctoral programsDoctoral programs still to go through the still to go through the evaluation process (proposals being evaluation process (proposals being made)made)

Academic year 2005/2006: Academic year 2005/2006:

First generation of students enrolled in the First generation of students enrolled in the first year of undergraduate study programs first year of undergraduate study programs

Humanities Humanities ArchaeologyArchaeology History History Classical philology:Classical philology: GreekGreek Latin Latin Ethnology Ethnology History of Art History of Art Linguistics and Literature:Linguistics and Literature: CroatianCroatian RussianRussian EnglishEnglish GermanGerman FrenchFrench ItalianItalian Philosophy Philosophy Social Sciences Social Sciences Culture and TourismCulture and Tourism Education (most graduate studies offer teacher's course)Education (most graduate studies offer teacher's course) LibrarianshipLibrarianship ManagementManagement PedagogyPedagogy PsychologyPsychology SociologySociology Natural Sciences Natural Sciences Geography Geography Technical Sciences Technical Sciences Nautical Studies and Maritime Transport TechnologyNautical Studies and Maritime Transport Technology Marine Engineering and Maritime Transport TechnologyMarine Engineering and Maritime Transport Technology

Total number of students according to Total number of students according to disciplinesdisciplines::

Humanističkeznanosti

Društveneznanosti

Prirodneznanosti

Tehničkeznanosti

Total number of students: Total number of students: 54375437 5437:230=23,63 (Ratio: 1:23)5437:230=23,63 (Ratio: 1:23)

ACADEMIC STAFF - TOTAL

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF - TOTAL

T O T A L

230 90 320

Average durationAverage duration asks for asks for urgent reformurgent reform of Croatian education of Croatian education system!!!! WE have to reform our education system not because system!!!! WE have to reform our education system not because of the EU but for the sake of our students. Our students spend 6 of the EU but for the sake of our students. Our students spend 6

years at the University, and in the same time their European years at the University, and in the same time their European colleagues spend less time for the same qualification.colleagues spend less time for the same qualification.

  Average grades 3,613

  Average duration 6,061

Male-female (2004/2005)Male-female (2004/2005)

2004/2005 - 1.godina

muškarci

21%

žene

79%

0

20

40

60

80

100

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East

West

North

Zadarska

Splitsko-dalmatinskŠibensko-kninskaDubrovačko-neretvanskaZagrebačka

Požeško-slavonskaVaraždinska

Primorsko-goranskaIstarska

Međimurska

Osječko-baranjska

Data from the Croatian Employment Service, regarding Data from the Croatian Employment Service, regarding the number of unemployed and the supply/demand for the number of unemployed and the supply/demand for

different occupations in the region of Zadardifferent occupations in the region of Zadar30.06.2005.30.06.2005.

Prof. of Croatian language...............................26Prof. of Croatian language...............................26 Prof. of. English language................................15Prof. of. English language................................15 Prof. of German language................................3Prof. of German language................................3 Prof. of French language.................................4Prof. of French language.................................4 Prof. of IOtalian language..................................1Prof. of IOtalian language..................................1 Prof. of LAtin language ....................................4Prof. of LAtin language ....................................4 Prof. of Philosophy ...........................................5Prof. of Philosophy ...........................................5 Prof. of history .................................................16Prof. of history .................................................16 Prof. of sociology ...............................................1Prof. of sociology ...............................................1 Prof. of Geography ............................................5Prof. of Geography ............................................5

Evidently the needs of the market do not correspond to Evidently the needs of the market do not correspond to the QF of the University.the QF of the University.

E.g. Social sciencesE.g. Social sciences Department No of students LaborDepartment No of students Labor market demands: market demands:

Culture and tourism...........Culture and tourism...........669669......................................3333 Teacher’s college ............691 ..................Teacher’s college ............691 ..................4455 Librarianship.......................Librarianship.......................7272..........................................33 PPedagogical sc.................319edagogical sc.................319.....................1.....................1 PsPsychology.......................ychology.......................108108..........................................22 SociSociology..........................ology..........................289289..........................................11 Total...............................Total...............................21482148......................................8585

Qualifications and Competencies foreseen in the proposals of new study Qualifications and Competencies foreseen in the proposals of new study programs (several examples)programs (several examples)

ArchaeologyArchaeology Undergraduate and graduate study (no distinction): Institutions of public sector Undergraduate and graduate study (no distinction): Institutions of public sector

and state administration, museums, research institutes, conservation and state administration, museums, research institutes, conservation departments, private agencies specialized for archaeological excavations or departments, private agencies specialized for archaeological excavations or conservation and restoration works.conservation and restoration works.

Classical Philology (Latin Language and Literature, Greek Language and Classical Philology (Latin Language and Literature, Greek Language and Literature)Literature)

Undergraduate: culture, media, publishment, enterpreneurshipUndergraduate: culture, media, publishment, enterpreneurship Graduate: educational system, culture, media, publishment, enterpreneurship,Graduate: educational system, culture, media, publishment, enterpreneurship, Croatian Croatian Croatian language and literatureCroatian language and literature Undergraduate: educational and upbrining institutions, animator in a literary Undergraduate: educational and upbrining institutions, animator in a literary

studio at primary schools, as an editor in newspapers and magazines and in studio at primary schools, as an editor in newspapers and magazines and in publishing tradepublishing trade

Graduate: teaching in primary and secondary schools, editing in radio and TV, Graduate: teaching in primary and secondary schools, editing in radio and TV, in scientific and special magazines.in scientific and special magazines.

Croatian and Southern Slavic linguisticsCroatian and Southern Slavic linguistics Undergraduate: cultural sphere, mass media and tourism, translating activitiesUndergraduate: cultural sphere, mass media and tourism, translating activities Graduate: teaching in primary and secondary schools, various cultural Graduate: teaching in primary and secondary schools, various cultural

spheres, diplomacy, mass media and tourism, translating activities.spheres, diplomacy, mass media and tourism, translating activities.

Culture and TourismCulture and Tourism Undergraduate: Undergraduate: Front Office Manager, Product Manager, Travel Consultant, Front Office Manager, Product Manager, Travel Consultant,

Tourism Culture Educator, Museum Educator, Tour Representative, Tourist Tourism Culture Educator, Museum Educator, Tour Representative, Tourist Promoter, Tourist Guide, tourist profit organizations, media, tourist marketing Promoter, Tourist Guide, tourist profit organizations, media, tourist marketing and other jobs related to culture and tourismand other jobs related to culture and tourism

Graduate: Journalism and Public Relations: journalism and public relations Graduate: Journalism and Public Relations: journalism and public relations Entrepreneurship in Culture and Tourism in private and public sector, Entrepreneurship in Culture and Tourism in private and public sector, especially in culture and tourismespecially in culture and tourism

Ecology in Culture and Tourism: ecology in culture and sustainable tourism, Ecology in Culture and Tourism: ecology in culture and sustainable tourism, growing need for ecology awareness in all human activities. growing need for ecology awareness in all human activities.

Cultural Heritage and Tourism: exploring, evaluation, protection and Cultural Heritage and Tourism: exploring, evaluation, protection and presentation of cultural and natural heritage both to holidaymakers and presentation of cultural and natural heritage both to holidaymakers and domestic population. domestic population.

EnglishEnglish Undergraduate:Undergraduate: banks, international business, tourism, media, publi banks, international business, tourism, media, publishingshing, ,

government and similar other institutionsgovernment and similar other institutions.. Graduate: teachingGraduate: teaching, , EthnologyEthnology Undergraduate: civil sector and tourist communities, bodies of national and Undergraduate: civil sector and tourist communities, bodies of national and

local administrations, cultural institutions, mass medialocal administrations, cultural institutions, mass media Graduate: Graduate: museums, conservation offices, research institutes, archives, museums, conservation offices, research institutes, archives,

implementation governmental and non-governmental organizations, legal implementation governmental and non-governmental organizations, legal institutions, counselling institutions, social care institutions, social planning institutions, counselling institutions, social care institutions, social planning and management institutions, diplomacy, tourist organizations, associations and management institutions, diplomacy, tourist organizations, associations for the representation of traditional heritage for the representation of traditional heritage

The results of the screening of the University The results of the screening of the University of Zadarof Zadar

The UNiversity of Zadar is primaruily based on The UNiversity of Zadar is primaruily based on humanistichumanistic and and social disciplinessocial disciplines, with a high percentage of female , with a high percentage of female studentsstudents

Data from the Croatian Employment Service, regarding the Data from the Croatian Employment Service, regarding the number of unemployed and the supply/demand for different number of unemployed and the supply/demand for different occupations in the region of Zadaroccupations in the region of Zadar (30.06.2005.) offers a (30.06.2005.) offers a modest oportunity for future students. It seems that QF modest oportunity for future students. It seems that QF offered by the University of Zadar doesn’t correspond to the offered by the University of Zadar doesn’t correspond to the modern labor market.modern labor market.

New programs are quite clear regarding the targeted group New programs are quite clear regarding the targeted group of employers. But the of employers. But the lack of clear learning outcomes, lack of clear learning outcomes, competences and skillscompetences and skills is more than evident. In other words is more than evident. In other words QF is missing.QF is missing.

There is a general oppinion in Croatia that BA degree (3 There is a general oppinion in Croatia that BA degree (3 years) offers poor competences and skills. years) offers poor competences and skills.

Let’s see the BA in the EU: e.g. University of SussexLet’s see the BA in the EU: e.g. University of Sussex LawLaw Law with Languages (French, German, Italian or Spanish)Law with Languages (French, German, Italian or Spanish) Law with SpanishLaw with Spanish

LLB, 4 yearsLLB, 4 years Law with ItalianLaw with Italian

LLB, 4 yearsLLB, 4 years Law with FrenchLaw with French

LLB, 4 yearsLLB, 4 years Law with GermanLaw with German

LLB, 4 yearsLLB, 4 years This degree assists the development of your knowledge of the This degree assists the development of your knowledge of the

language, culture, society and political systems of your chosen language, culture, society and political systems of your chosen country and will help you to acquire the essential linguistic and country and will help you to acquire the essential linguistic and cultural skills of communication and analysis, both orally and on cultural skills of communication and analysis, both orally and on paper. In addition to the law core courses and two final-year law paper. In addition to the law core courses and two final-year law options, you take language courses at Sussex during the first two options, you take language courses at Sussex during the first two years of your degree. You spend your third year abroad studying in years of your degree. You spend your third year abroad studying in the country of your chosen language. This is of immense value in the country of your chosen language. This is of immense value in understanding legal principles as well as the culture and history in understanding legal principles as well as the culture and history in which these principles evolvewhich these principles evolve

To conclude, we have to To conclude, we have to definedefine specific Croatian specific Croatian Qualification Framework for different disciplines, Qualification Framework for different disciplines,

We have to describe it precisely in order to get We have to describe it precisely in order to get transparent competencestransparent competences and skillsand skills of our of our students.students.

The lack of such a description will make our The lack of such a description will make our students less competitive on the EU market.students less competitive on the EU market.

Recognition, mutual trust, bilateral agreementsRecognition, mutual trust, bilateral agreements will be facilitaed by transparent QF. will be facilitaed by transparent QF.

CROATIAN QUALIFICATION CROATIAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWOK (2005)FRAMEWOK (2005)