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. . . :
LIIL . 2 36 .
* . .
Ukra in ian Da i l yV O L . . N O . .
* Ukra in i anD edicated to the needs an d in terest of young
Americans of U k ra inian descent
N o. 46 N EW Y OR K an d JER SEY C ITY , SA TU R D A Y , DEC
EMBER 1 , 1945 - aVOL.
SORRY THEY WERE "GOOD" BOYSt An- abl e summ at ion of the cons
is ten t pro-Moscow l in e of our Commun i s t s i n th i s c ount
r y and of the i rpro- A mer ic an i sm on l y w he n the
l i f t ings of the pro-Moscow l ine re-be i t , i s c ont a i
ne d i n the c ur re ntnumbe r of the Sa turday Eve n ingEve n in g
Pos t . En t i t l e d "Our C ommun i s t s a r e So Sor r y The y
We reG o o d B o y s / ' a n d w r i t t e n b y S t a n l e yHfgn,
the a rt ic le te l ls how publ ic lyspan ke d by D uc los , pow er
fu l Fr e nc hCommunist , for the ir wart ime pol icyof "c lass
peace ," Amer ica n Commieshave r e ver se d the mse lve s aga i n
,k i c ke d out the be n ign Brow de r andre turne d to the i r s t
r a t e gy of d i s rupt i o n .D ur i n g the s e ver a l ye a r s
w hen Sov ie t R uss i a w as i n sore ne e d ofA m e r i c a n m i
l i t a r y a n d e c o n o m i che lp, the patr iot ism of our
Commies/Was of the 150%. va r i e t y . D ur i n gthat t ime, too,
Sta l in even dissolvedt ide Comintern, which used to giveorders
from Moscow to Communiststhroughout the wor ld. Now, i t ap-| fears
, the l aw i s be i ng l a id dow n byJaqu es D uc los , the leader
of theFre nc h C ommunis t Pa r t y , w i th amember ship n ear in
g 1,000,000, whichma k e s i t the l a r ge s t pa r t y , s ave
forthe R uss i an , i n the w or ld .
I t w as soon a f t e r D uc los' t r ip toMosc ow l a s t spr i
ng , tha t a s igne dar t i c l e by h im appe are d i n l a s t A
pr i l ' si s sue of the Fre nc h par t y magaz ine , 'Les Cahier s
du Communisme. In i the e xamine d A me r ic an C ommunism'sthe n-
c ur re nt pa r t y l i n e an d thencondemned i t because i t was
a imed"to- mak e de moc rac y w ork w i th inthe framework of the
present system.",He condemned i t a lso because i t gavesupport to
Browder's pr inc iple that ("w e do not w ant d i s a s t e r for A
me r ica , even . though it resul ts in So-c ia l ism." Tha t pr in
c iple , wrote Ducl o s , "swerved dangerous ly f rom thev ic tor
ious Marx i s t - Le n in i s t doc t r i ne . "And so came the
"revolut ion" here .The Da i l y Worke r pr i n t e d a l l
the8,000 words of this ar t ic le . In hiseditor ia l foreword to
the art ic leBrowder grove led in penitence . Shedd i n g th e i r
p a r t y s k i n s i n t h e p a r t ypress the Communists here
beat the irbreasts in penitence , cursed the oldl i ne , e mbrac e
d the ne w , and admi t t e dthe i r shame tha t the y had e ve nbr
ie f ly t r ied "to f ind means of peacefu l c oe x i s t e nc e
and c o l l abor a t ion"w i th A me r ic a .
The n the pac k turne d on Brow de r ,the i r e r s tw h i l e l
e ade r for the pa s tf i f teen years , editor in chief of theD a
i l y Work e r , an d author of the mos^author i t a t ive books an
d pamphle t s htth i s c ount l y on C ommun ism. A t the4n a t i
on a l c o n v e n t i o n h e l d l a s t J u ly ?he was s tr
ipped of a l l party off ices;a id r e duce d , w i th ne i the r f
r i e n ds n o |Job* to a probat iona r y s t a tus . Hewas
succeeded by Wil l iam Z. Foster ,
a c ons i s t e nt oppone nt o f "c l a s speace ," who sa id
his predecessor mustprove , in act ion, his r ight to even ar ank-
and- f i l e me mbe rsh ip .A nd thus the Communis t s ha
vereverted to the ir former pol icy ofan t i - A me r ic an d i s
rupt ion and c l a s ss t rugg le . A l l th i s a f t er D uc los
madethat t r ip to Moscow. And thus weare see ing a preview of the
postwarobject ives not a lone of Communismin th i s c ount r y but
of a r e surg ingwor ld Communist movement .Espe c i a l l y e v
ide nt i s the i nc ontrovert ible fact that the one depe ndab le
loya l t y o f the C ommunis t shere is not to Amer ica but to
Moscow exc lus ive ly . As Mr. High p utsit , "the s ingle cons is
tency in thepar t y l i n e has be e n i t s a t t e mpt tomir ror
and promote the Sov ie t s ' a ims
and ambi t ions . "Look a t the ir record. Before thew ar , the
Sov ie t s gre a t l y f e a re d tha tthe Fasc i s t na t ions
might a t t ac kthe m. That w as w he n our C ommunis ts were the
most rabid ant i -Fasc is ts .Then Sta l in dec ided to apease Hit
le rand s igne d w i th h im the notor iouspact of August , 1939. O
vern ight theC ommunis t s c hange d the name s ofthe i r an t i -
Fasc i s t organ iz a t ions ,s topped boycott ing German goods,and
t r i e d to pe r suade A me r ic anstha t St a l i n ' s appe ase
me nt of Hi t l e rw as "a mas te r s t roke for pe ac e . "Whe n
the N az i s a t t ac ke d one Europe an count r y a f t e r a n
other , the
C ommunis t s r e ma ine d s i l e n t . On thec ont r a r y ,
Brow de r s t a t e d tha t a s be tw e e n the Fasc i s t and de
moc ra t i c na t ions a t w ar w i th one anothe r , " thereis no
thin g to choose ." When Ameri c a be gan to produc e w y goods
forthe embatt led democrac ies , the Commun i s t magaz ine N e w
Masse ssmeared'this product ion as "col laborat ion with the
enemies of the people ."Worse ye t , t o w e ake n the an t i -
Fasc i s twar e ffort , the Commies fomented awhole ser ies of
destruct ive s tr ik esi n cr i t i c a l A me r ic an w ar i ndus
t r i e s .But , when on June 22, 1941 theN az i s a t t ac ke d
the Sov ie t s , i n amirac le of unscrupulousness , as Mr.High ca
l ls i t , the Communists reversed themse lves overn ight .
"TheImpe r i a l i s t s ' War" w as now 'ThePe op le ' s War of N
at iona l L ibe r a t ion . "The par t y s logan , "N ot a C e nt ,
N ota Gun , N ot a Man , " qu ic k l y w aschanged to 'This Hol
iest of Causes .""Warmonger Rooseve lt" became "OurSuperb Leader ."
"The Yanks Are NotComing" was de leted from the Commun i s t song
book , and i n to i t s p l ac ew e nt "JW|t , A me r ic a , F ight
. " e Late r* w i e n fo l low ing Pear l Har borour
countrjE*vbecame involved in thew ar , w h i l e - i n Eas te rn
Europe the Sov ie t s w e re f ight i ng w i th the i r bac ks
th e w a l j , . the Communists here ,f ea r fu l tha t the w ar
i n the Pac i f i cmight de l a y A me r ic an a id to the So-
Clare Luce Champions Ukrainian DPsLas t Sunday ' s N e w Y ork
Journa lA me r ic an r e por te d i n a spe c i a l d i s pa tc h f
rom Wa sh ington by i t s c or r e sponde nt Dav id Se ntne r tha t
l a s tSa turday , N ove mbe r 24"Representat ive Clare Luce (R. -C
onn . ) c harge d i n C on gre s s todaytha t U kr a i n i an r e
fuge es f ac e de a thor ens lavement i f forced to return tothe U
.S.S.R."Their desperate pj ight , she sa id,added to the gr im s
ituat ion occas ioned
Artillery VetGets Bronze Star"For mer itor ious achievement inc
onne c t ion w i th ope r a t ions aga i ns tthe e ne my w hi l e s
e rv ing w i th aMar in e a r t i l l e r y ba t ta l l i on f rom
1August, 1943 to 30 June, 1945, during which t ime he part ic
ipated in thec apture and oc c upat ion of Bouga in vi l le , Br it
ish Solomon Is lands , the ass au l t and l ibe r a t ion of Guam,
Mar i a n a s I s l a n d s , a n d t h e i n v a s i o n a n doc c
upat ion of Ok inaw a , Sh ima , R yukuRetto."Thus read the Bronze
Star c i tat ion presented to T/Sgt . Joseph Suda,y o u n g U k r a
i n i a n A m e r i c a n f r o m J e r sey City , N. J. by Ca pta
in J. M.Thornton , Sa turday , N ove mbe r 17 a tU . S. N ava l S t
a t ion , Lak e hurs t, N . J. ,reports The Airship gazette of then
a v a l s t a t i o n .The c itat ion descr ibed Sgt . Suda'sa b i
l i t y i n p r o cu r i n g a n d t r a n s p o r t in g
by A me r ic an po l i c y i n r e ga rd to d i s p l ac ed pe r
sons f rom the Sov iet Un ion ." 'Uk r a i n i a ns , w ho have no
gove rn ment recognized by any of the power s , a re i n a pa r t i
c u l a r l y t r ag ic c a se ,I as the y a r e c l a ime d as Sov
ie t na -; t iona ls , sa id Rep. Luce ."She quoted from a le tter
by aj U k r a i n i a n a u t h o r i t y , s a y i n g t h e r ea
re 250, 000 Uk r a i n i an r e fugee s i nA ng lo- A me r ic an a
r e as o f w e s te rnG e r m a n y . "
CRED ENTIALS FOR CONGRESSLoc a l c lubs and soc ie t i e s p l
ann i ngto send de legates to Third Congresso f A m e r i c a n s ^
o f U k r a i n i a n D e s c e n t ,Januar y 26 , 1946 , Hote l
Wash igton ,Wa sh ington , D . C , shou ld w r i t e imme dia t e l
y for an app l i c a t ion for de le ga te s ' c r e de nt i a l s
, t o Bohdan Kat a -m a y , s ec r e ta r y , U k r a i n i a n C o
n g r e ss
Committee of Amer ica , 817 NorthFrank l i n S t r e e t , Ph i
l ade lph i a 23 , Pa .Eac h c lub may s e nd one or tw ode le ga
te s .
food suppl ies , and reported that"of te n unde r f i r e and a
lw ays an e xample to the men under him, hiscourage and devot ion
to duty throughout were in keeping with the highestt r ad i t ions
o f the U n i t e d St a t e s N a va lService."T/ Sgt . Suda ha i
ls f rom Nant icoke ,Pa . and now make s h i s home i n Je r sey
City . He has one brother , Michae l ,s e rv i ng w i th the U . S
. A rmy .
viets, pulled out all stops of theirpropaganda organ to c onv
inc eA me r ic ans tha t Europe w as our f i r s tjob.With A me r
ic an pa r t i c ipa t ion i n theEurope an w ar a s sure d , the C
ommunis t sor ig i na t e d the po l i ti c a l a g i t a t ion
forthe se c ond f ront . The Da i l y Work e reven had the temer
ity to spec ify thaton l y a f ront a long the N or th European
coast , where pressure onGe rmany w ou ld mos t qu ic k l y r e l
ieve the pressure on the Soviets ,
! would be acceptable .At the same t ime, as Mr. High. poin ts
out , the Commun ists here ,j led by Browder , shed everything
thatmight provoke unp le as an t thoughts, i n the A me r ic an
mind tow ard C ommunism and, thereby, toward the Soviets . "From
this va n tage poin t ofview of unsul l ied Amer icanism, theC
ommun is t s , c a r r i e d forw ard w hatthey conce ived to be
the ir Sovietmiss ion . Wherever , in Europe orA s i a , a gove
rnme nt or r e s i s t anc emovemen t showed itse lf to be
pro-Soviet , they quickly enfolded i t withthe mos t me an ingfu l
A me r ic anphr ases . Those n ot pro-Soviet werec on d e m n e d i
n l a n g u a g e l i k e l y t osound mos t de roga tor y to A me
r i -c ans . "Lac ke ys o f Mosc ow i nde e d a re theC ommunis t s
, t o the e xte nt tha tw he n A me r ic an b lood , c ourage an
d
effort chiefly brought to a victoriousc lose the w ar aga i ns t
Japan , and theatom bomb provided a shatter ingf i na l e to i t ,
the D a i l y W orke r o fAugust 9th wrote tha t "The bombw hic h
sha t t e re d a Japane se c i t y l a s tSunday, has been fol
lowed by a pol i t ica l and mi l i tary bombshe l l of evendeeper
s ignif icance: the Soviet dec lar a t ion of w ar on Japan . The
Sov ie tbombshe l l represents the greatestguar ant y thus f a r
the re w i l l e me rgea ge nu ine pe ac e and a ne w A s i a . "I
f any pow e r c an be a guar ante e ofge nu ine pe ac e an yw he re
, i t c er t a i n l y i s not the Sov iet U n ion , for by i t sv
e r y t o t a l i t a r i a n n a t u r e i t i s a n t i -
peace . W hat sort of a peace can onee xpec t f rom an a ggre s
s ive pow er tha trules mi l l ions of hapless subjects byte r ror
, w h ic h a l l ow s no po l i t i c a l pa r t ies except the
dominant Communis t Pa rty (which embra ces a t toire2% of tota l
Sov ie t popu la t ion) , a n dwhich has none of the Four Freedoms?
C e r t a i n l y no pe ac e a t a lLBut then our Commies , and the
ir re cent converts , the former "progress ive s" now turne d i n
to C ommuno-ph i l e s, c an not un de r s tan d th i s . A l lthe
y know , th ink and unde r s t and i swhat Moscow te l ls them.
Such grovel i ng obe d ie nc e to the Kre ml i n ru le r si s t ru
l y s i c ke n i ng , and w ou ld de se rveno not i c e w e re i t
not for i t s an t i -A m e r i c a n c h a r a c t e r .
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UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATUKDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1945 N o. 45
:
. . . beauty in a ja r. . .Turn it off. Beautiful
silence.Steamboats and locomotives, automobiles and aeroplanes.
Gunpowder,flying bombs, and the atomic bomb.Wonderful, miracle
making man, ris-
those nice new gadgets that are coming out.A new cleaner.A new
toaster.A new sewing machine.XA Hew car.
* *Man's new invention was danglingprecariously over our heads
in thatsubway train where we were riding,soldier and girl,
grandmother andchild and the schoolgirl whoso wantedto be like the
Hollywood star onpage 29 of the magazine. The splitting of the atom
potentially good,potentially so destructive that itcould wipe us
all off the face of the
written by N. J. HunchakT" B . Sc.,B.Acc, and published some
Monthsago by the Ukrainian Canadian Committee (711 Mclntyre Bldg.,
Winnipeg).The book is the first of a series of'statistical
publications to be issuedseparately on the Ukrainians in Can*ada.
In. this the render will findready reference data on the Ukrainian
population based on the figuresof the Dominion Bureau of Statist
ics
"What did the place look likeafter it was bombed?" asked
onecommentator of another commentator." **As though a fine comb had
beenrun across that part of the earth.""Everything was pulverized,"
saidanother."Here and there a twisted bit ofsteel remained," said a
third.
Ever since that day in August,ing out of the darkness of the un-
good men and bright .have been giv-known. Hurrying, scurrying,
faster j ing out long statements, that thisand faster.The victrola,
the movies, television.We are promised still more in theway of
magic tricks. Bigger andfaster planes. Better and faster
cars.Bigger and bigger bombs. Over theland and under the sears .
Aroundin forty, in a few days. Anybodywant to go around the world ?
Brother,can you spare two thousand?* * *
And now the atomic bomb.
should be done about it and thatshould be done, that we should
shareit and we shouldn't share it, that weshould outlaw it and that
it can't beoutlawed, and that this little bombwas but a promise of
what was tocome if we didn't get wise to our-the world in ninety
days, in sixt y, selves. "A wet firecracker, that's
what the Hiroshima bomb was," saidone, "compared to the ones
that willbe made in the future." *
Ukrainian Numerical Strength in CanadaSome interesting
statistics* on Canadians ol Ukrainian origin-are give*in an
admirable book of that name, people report that Ukrainian is the
ir
that learned Ukrainian as the first childhood. Orer 31,000
from, the census of 1941, I t contains, up oX the Ukrainians
from eleventhfacts, on their,,.numerical strength*pjace.
numericalimportance, in 1921 ,*religkm denominnttona,
occupations,bir th pla ce^ immigration, naturaliaaplpf
their.population. as, compared withtion, citizenship, mother
tongue, conjugal condition,, age, education* etc. t he period 1901
to. 1941 was as- fol-The material is first given lo r Can- tews:ada
as a whole and then subdividedinto provinces. The number of
Ukrainians in each city, town, village,municipality, etc. is also
included.
The French have a population of3,483,038, or 30.27%. The
English2,968,402, or 25.80%. Scottish-1,-403,974 or 12.20%.
Irish1,237,702,or 11.02%. German 464,082, or4.04%. Ukrainian,
305,929, or 2.66%.Then come, m order, the Scandinavia n s ,
Netherlanders, Jews, Poles, Indians and Eskimos, Italians,
Russians,Hungarians, Czechs and Slovaks,Finns, Austrians, Chinese,
Belgians,Roumanians, Japanese, and others.
mother tongue but state a racialorigin other than Ukrainian. '
Theconfusion arose during immigrationand to date many Ukranians
considerthat they are of Polish, Russian,Roumanian and Austrian
racial origindue te the fact that these were theirformer countries
of allegiance.One of the most important changesin the racial
composition of the Canadian .population in the twenty yearperiod
prior to 1941 was the moving
to sixth place in 1941. The growththe total population of Canada
for
CanadianPopulation1901 5,371,3151911 7,206,6431921 _
8,787,9491931 .10,376,7861941 11,506,656
Ukrainian.Population5,682 .L75,432 .106,721225 13305,929
Starting with a total of 5,682 in1901 the population* increased
to75,432 in 1911, an increase of 69,750or 1227.5% in the decade.
This waschiefly due to a heavy immigration,'Between 1911 and 1921
the population increased by 31,289 or 41.5%in the decade as
compared with 21.9%for the total Canadian population.Between 1921
and 1941 the population increased by 199,208 or 186.67%for the
twenty year period as compared with 30.9% for the total population
of Canada.The rapid increase between 1921and 1941 cannot all be
attributed,Co immigration. Of the total popula-"
tion reported in 1941 only 45,101 im-
Fourth LargestAs is evident from the above,when all the British
Isles races aretaken together, then they have thegreatest
population, the French comesecond. Germans third, and the
Ukrainians rank fourth.Here Mr. Hunchak continues as
Far be it for me to decry the in-'follows:* * * I ventiona. What
would we do without I Of all Slavic races in Canada Uk- " * *
***?*? 19!9 " * 1 9 4 1The other day I was riding in'ou r can
openers? > rainians have the greatest popula- which accounts for
only 22 .e 4% of
a subway. I But our gadget civilization has tion. Their
population is greater *n e *> ^ numbers. A . goodAcross from me
sat a young girl progressed at lightning speed while than the
combined population of Aus- { ? ^ ^ h f ^ ^ * with brown hair worn
in a long bob. our non-gadget civilization has been trian, Belgian,
Bulgarian, Czech,'1 s^Z^T*J' "J , 1 Q t n e r e w e r !She had a
finely chiseled face, blue' crawling at a snail's pace. We have
Slovak, Finnish , Greek. Hungarian, ' - -r^J " **%* * *- ey es ,
dark eyebrows and a carefully created weapons to wipe the human
Icelandic, Lithuanian, Roumanian and ? e ; 0 < n o w e r e * c o
" r 8 e;painted red mouth. She wore a grey, race off the face of
the earth, but Yugos lav s. It is also greater tha n;*0 y " 1VZ1- m
t ** importantdress trimmed with hed, a grey coat we haven't vet
found a way of life that of Russian, Polish and Danish JJ tn.e, T 0
^ ^ * * ! m a d e UPwithout any trimming, red socks and that would
bring peace to this sore- 'put together. Their numerical hH-
JJJLJnfV: *IJ? J????- K "brown shoes. She put her hand int o'ly
tried planet. We have learned to portance becomes more apparent ^ "
^ 7 V*^ ? the school-girlish briefcase and took produce things at a
fraction of the when an analysis is made of those * ~ J 0I rt " ? ^
? 0 6 5 ? out the latest Silver Screen. She time it took to r " ~
them a bun j P " f f * * * " " * * ^ ^ . ^ turned the pages, put
the magazine dred years ago and yet the averag e| ttfttAS ^ ^ back
into the bag, took out another, man gets only a fraction of what he
love thy neighbor, democracy, free na W h T w h o h i MM^ mSJT iS
lm SSGorgeous pictures of gorgeous glam- produces. Man was meant to
be'speech, justice, tolerance, decency. i ; m o n , n t b p r " ^
JrL our girls in gorgeous costumes in free Yet, in some lands, he
has al-j Cbmpwsd with the clash of sabrethe midst of gewgaws. The
pretty lowed himself to become enslaved s o lo r t h e t^^r o f
gunpowder or the
among other racial groups.
little girl's eyes were bright as sheturned the pages. that he
is but a repu c^of the fel low tragedy magnificent of the
atomicnext door with the state, the Big L ^ h o w t a m e ^ ^ t e a
c h i l l g o fGrandmother was fat with a plump Fellow, sett ing
the pat tern for all. |a ^ ^ ^ ^ whther in Beth-jround face and
worrying eyes. Heri It isn't that man hasn't cried his lehem, in
Lviw, in Philadelphia orcoat was blue. Her hat was perched | heart
out for a good world of peaceon top of her head and on top of | and
beauty and wellbeing. Men andthe hat were three red feathers. There
women from the earliest d ays to ourwas no pretense about
grandmother.You didn4 sto p' to wonder whethergrandmother was fifty
or forty-fiveor maybe forty. Her hair was messyand her shoes needed
a shine and herface was stamped with the anxietiesabout sugar
stamps, roasts, pies, rent,a boy overseas and a daughter awayfrom
home, Monday washing, Tuesdayironing dayand grandson. He satdown
for a minute. He got up foranot her minute. He sat on one leg.He
twisted around 30 that he couldlook through the window. He
madestrange gurgling noises.
A soldier and his girl were looking at the funnies and once in a
whilethey looked at each other and smiled.Life was awfully good
what with thewar being over and their holdinghands together and the
soldier coming back home without so much asa scratch on his body or
soul. Beware, oh young ones, of the pitfalls,but heck, said the
soldier, what pitfall s ean there be! Don't you see?Her hand is in
mine. Next week I'llbe beck home and then I'll get ajob and we' ll
rent an apartment ormaybe' build a house with a littlewhite picket
fence around it and we'llget us a radio and, you know, all
own times have pleaded for freedomand the brotherhood of man and
thedignity of every human. Out Of thatpart of the world from which
we haveladled some of our ways of thinkingthere have come voices
that spokeof the equality of all men, voicesthat spoke against
poverty, againstthe inhumanity of man to man.
THOUGHTS AND THINGS"Old" Men
I am looking at a group of menC&lcutta. Against the
background of ] se6ijed o n a . bench a k E v e nbigger and better
gadgets or the #.~ u _ ***,, . . -j. i_ * from where I am, some
-fifty yardsspell-binding march of aggressive ' *** y*aheroes, how
unexciting the idea that o r aw ay I can see they are ailwe are all
cut from the same human grey-haired. They're conversing quitestun*.
What a nuisance the nation J animatedly amongst themselves . Ithat
I am my brother's keeper. O r , c a l m o t h e l p b u t g e t t h
e that freedom of expression is ma ns .. . . . - . ...
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* * U KRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATU RDAY, DECEMBER 1, 5 ; - " . ! !
'
-t e . -NAT U,H E BY O u t A l t o B H d U i y u ^ i i w M fimn
* hy PKRCIVAL CU ND Y^*l . v^f l . . , . . . . * . . WH I P " ' B g
f ' ' * " " M P . . i _ - - i _ ^ -
ws just over twenty and was (1 )tianquiOfcy* made, bar feel
eaommftiJ^that she could have pain ted themAlthough Ukrainian from
head to> she had reddish hair, whieh is ara r i ty among Ukra in
i ans , ye t herfeatures shown* her race, and thealmost mglaachefr
sadness, stampedm everything which marks this unfortunate people;
was the basis eltor character. Her eyes, lar ge andtewhat fixed and
moist, were sadiven -when hey li ps smiled. Because>f her eyes,
they ca l led her "a Ukra inian Madonna." Having grown upsolitude
and in the midst of almostluxurious easev she knew nothing ofl ife
n or e l dark er sides. She knewonl y from books which she read
toitiet&~-Tolstoy wa s bar god. Shevchenk oknew a lmost by hear
t i ndo lent ,tar people* she was. n et very
for work, and l ived l ike thoseexotic a ba te i n hothouses
where thestorms that ra ge outside are envisioned as i n dreams.
And shedreamed, she dreamed very muck.Her imagination had towered
intosuch fulness, that on Us account a l lother impulses were
stifled and neversaw the light of God's sun. Thoughshe -was al most
un wholesomely sensiti ve, y et s he mocked a t a pure
.'cultivation of emotions and ideas.'Above sit else she loved
nature.She roved about the mountains,without companion*, without a
weapon . She knew the entire mountaindistrict around the small town
whereshe l ived as wel l as her own room,a n d One of its w ildest
an d moat beautiful spots wss the goal of her excursions the whole
summer, long.Her natural ly strong temperamentlanded something more
than'chamber beauty' and a tranquil ,pampered existence. Instin
ctively shefelt the essence of the storm andthere were moments when
she passionately longed for it. She lovedconflict as others love
the splendid,rich.coloring of pictures and musicwhich can
intoxicate , and thus sheimagined conflict to be. Sometimesshe was
dominated by an inexpressible thirst for the feeling of victorybut
because she had grown up inidleness, never discouraged and
never
so that more a nd more the thirst forbeauty was awak ened and
they weren ot able to quench it.Thus she dreamed about the
fjordsand the mounta ins in the n or th . . .Here and there in the
forest couldbe heard the m elan choly, songs- ofthe Hutzuls and ail
of this gave heran immense satisfaction.On ^be cliffs amidst the
steeprocks, an echo could be heard, andshe ima gined herself to be
a greatbird* a s in fur ious flight it beataga inst the hard wa l l
a o f rock , andfina l ly , exhausted, fe l l to the ear th.Afte r
that c ame a s i l en ce . . .Sometimes she wept from sadness.The
storm would rage over thepines, an d bending and shakin g
them,would render them all the stronger.The next morning they would
the
more proudly lift up their crownsand bathe them in the golden
raysof the sun. For all of this they hada right to lift themselves
up to theclouds and he proud.She loved strength and power, andy e t
! . . .Once a mountain horse was broughtto her father's for
inspection.It was a splendid, slender colt,black as coal, with
arched neck,large nostri ls and protruding, sparkl ing eyes; its
bushy ta i l a lmosttouched the ground.She stood a t the window an
d lookedon as it reared up in its wi ldernessan d would not tamed.
A youn g,handsome Hutzul, whom she hadseen now and again in her
father'soffice, was holding the animal andwith a l l h is stren gth
wa s try in g toforce it to stan d quiet for theywanted to examine
its hoofs from beneath .For some reason he was not succeeding.
something innate about him, some-1 coins; into the latter were
stuck athi ng w h ich dfew r , se me a nd othe r im plem ent s.
*thing which awakened her jntrssjfciOf course, she bad only, seen
hima s he pa ssed before, her win dow,, tha tis, her father 's. But
she would havel iked to see bis eyes and his l ipsnear a t ha n d .
. . Only once . . . a f terfrom memory.Tee, there were moments
whenshe was capable of doing simethinggreat, then she was tensed
like abow about to let an arrow fly intothe far distance. But they
did notlast long. She shrank and becamein dolen t The waitin g
tormented herand put her out of the mood. Atsuch times she turned
to nature.There she gathered strength andpatien ce. There she
celebrated hergolden hours of victorywhen forinstance, she climbed
up a high, dangerous peak, up a steep cliff, a n dgazed at an eagle
, at its black,sparkling, hostile eyes, at its watchful,
bent-forward posture .. .Particularly did she love theautumn.Not
the kind which brings with itdamp, cloudy days, yellowing leavesand
chilling storms, but the kindwhose beauty equals that of spring.The
kind with c lear, warm days andpure, blue skies. In the
autumneverything in the mountains wasmagnificent.The wild Car
pathian s! She kn ewtheir proud, shut-in beauty and theirmarvellous
natives, the Hutzuls. Sheknew al l the secrets of the forest. . .In
September the spider websstretch from tree to tree almost
toinfinity , g leaming in the sun; andall throughout the forest it
so quiet,quiet. . . The streams gurgle gravelyand swiftly, but
their waters are coldand flowers no longer grow alongthe i r ban ks
.
. H e look ed .attentively in front ofhim at the peak, from
which hunedown white mists, torn and raggedand covering the tree
tone.So long as he could look and dojust what he wished!this, of
whichhe was thinking did not come out ofthese green depths. Cloud
after clouddrifted slowly over the abyss, andthen the last beams of
the sun disappeared behind the mountains. . .Irr itably he spat
between his teeth,went over to the fa l len trunk of afir.beside
the house, an d with amighty swing sank h is axe into i tThen he
seated himself on the trunk,rested his e lbows on his knees
andcovered bis face with bis h a n ds. . . Some demonic power had
masteredhim.And that demonic power was she,the lovely, red-haired
witch, whom hehad come across in the f or est . . .Witch? Yet he
would have told herthat she looked like the picture ofthe Mother of
God, that hangs inthe church, and sti l l . . . st i l l , she
wasnot the Mother of God...The Mother of God had not red -hair, the
Mother of God never madsa fool of a man when she attractedhim as
that one did; the Mother ofGod was holy, but she .. . ach!Three day
s ago had it all hap- -.pened a nd since then he had been out of
his mind.Even in dreams he saw her. Theblood coursed frantically in
bis veins,it throbbed in his temples like hammers and flashes ran
before hise y e s . . .She was no mother of God, buta witch! But a
lovely , entranc ing,red-haired witch!How he loved her, how he
longedfor her! He wa s sick with the lon g-, jL. in g, he felt like
weeping like a child,In the vales it is somewhat &-\ ^^ h a w k
U te dh er in wrath, ' *v .u *u * ..bec a use he had her n ot! Why
didOne feels that the air there is full . -^ *. ~, e^, 9 un.;.?_ -
- . ne no more come across her r Why '...of the perfume of a sters,
an d over _, "all there lies a touch of sadness. K * g ***** so
sadly, yet it endedIt i s a me lancho ly a lways present , !80 g
lor ious ly . . .which stamps its imprint upon al ii * * *thin gs.
It was the beauty in which! K happened thus.uddenly she was
mastereci by tfae, s h - j ^ j f c ^ i n which she bathed -des ire
to jub du e 1 ^ ammal . ;Her " J J w h i c h w a s ^ ^ eves f lamed
an d her tender n ostri ls . ' a ,, e . . . ~"** """ . , . , . ^
her great eyes , fu ll of expectat ion. ..began to quiver. Some
thing stirred f. *~w it hin her t ha t c alle d u p t he d esir e i
J ^ J J L u X tow ard th e
^ ^ ^ t a r d r e ^ t U ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ * " * *--* b ? ^ h f S f
r i g h t cr imson in the west.doorsbar eheaded^ she rushed outf *
s t a i n s , swathed in mist.in to the S E g ^ V ^ ^ ^ f i W out
fa n ta stica l ly an d sha r ply***** * within about f ive steps
dark -gray beauty,for tii ed, petted an d coddled, her the colt an
d just a s it began to rear , j *stren gth slept and wasted, an d
she* she became so terrified that her 0 n o n e o f t h e m o u n t
a i n e > o v e r g r o w npassed in to a s ick ly , unreason
ing kn ee s t rembled under her and e h e ^ f o r e e t ^ ^ a n e w
H u t 2 u Jhouse. Immense firs spread theiradness .That is what she
was l ike .She dreamed of a happiness whosevaried fumess should
overwhelm her.She waited for it every day, shelived continuosiy in
expectation ofsomething new, distan t. l i k e the sunflower, her
soul stood open for an unknown someone , someth ing . . .She would
lie in the forest, at fulllength on the moss, and through thetops
of the pin es she sought, the sk y.It was magnificent.Sometimes she
followed an eaglein flight, or the vulture quietly wheeling in c
irc les or hovering l ike a dotin the sky .4 Eagerly she caught the
sounds ofwater and turned them, into laughter.D id n ot the voice
of the streamtumbling over the rocks and stonesseem like subdued
laughter? Justl i st en t i t . . .At other times she fost
herselfentire ly in the roaring of the foreetand, covering her face
with her hands,she imagined that she was ly ing onthe sea
shore.Surely the waves of the sea roaredjust like the pine forest,
exactly thesa m e. . . only , perhaps, a l i tt le louder.She
wished enormously to find herself on the sea sometime, to see itin
storm, or when the sun w as setting,or op moonlight night. That
surely was another beauty than that ofthe mountains; restless and
ful l ofchange, a l luring a nd splendid, Tnemountains, with their
grim, stoical
turned white.A few moments later and she wasly in g on her sofa,
weak, an d herlovely white hands, adorned withbranches over it,
sadly shook theirproud tops and great drops of rainu~ - i ^ <
fell noiselessly down on the mossyrings, lay inert in her lap,
standing ] ^ r dout l ist less and unstirring againsther black
flowered dress.What had happened to her? Itwas a ridiculous fright,
an inopportune eruption of plebian instincts,which, because of her
pampered life,had not been subdued.She had made a fool of herself
before the servants.Her lips curled in irony at herself.
Was it really true that nature couldnot be denied?Her
grandmother on her father'sside wa s just a Hutzul. Beautiful,
butsti l l a peasant woman! They wereapt to have imperceptible
momentswhen their instincts burst out andkne w no b o u nd s . .
.But her mother was a lady of distinction, with sought-out motions
andstrict manners, and her beauty wasnot acc identa l . It was a f
inished product, the result of 'the work of generations! . . . She
herself was decidedly of her mother's type; if there wereto be an y
echoes of her gran dmother'semotionalism, they could be
onlydissonances. . .After all, she had not been concerned about the
horse. She hadwanted to look at the man beside itGenera l ly speak
ing, his features werepure Slavonic, but there was also
Stillness all around, except for aroaring in the unfathomable
forestslik e muffled waves of the se a ...In places, the last rays
of the settin g sun broke through in to the forestthickets,
quivered for a moment onthe branches like golden shadows, andthen
it became totally dark in theforeet.The door of the house opened
andthere emerged a young Hutzul, bending sl ightly , with an axe
care lesslythrown over his shoulder, and hegazed pensively into the
distance.Tall, supple, stron gly built, l ik eall of his tribe, his
face was handsome to a degree. It was gloomilypensive, tender
around the lips, andthe upper part Slavonic, that is:rather broad,
yet this did not affectits handsomeness.His black hair, according
to custom, wa s cropped down to the browsand covered his
forehead.His dress enhanced the splendor ofhis body.Wide red
trousers, shirt a s white a ssnow, embroidered at the collar andon
the sleeves, beneath which couldbe seen strong, sinewy arms.
Breast,neck and hands were adorned withsi lver chains and crosses,
and a gay
accused him tthere, in the town, before the gentleman, of
Infraction offorest rights/ because he had wilfully cut down a fir
tree (the sameoneit was half-decayedon whichhe was sitt in g). For
this they hadordered him to pay a f ine , and inaddition, sentenced
him to forty-e ight hours in ja i l , for insult ing offic ia l ,
so they sa id.It all came vividly before him mind.His defence, why
he had doneit, was of no ava il. He absolutelyneeded the tree for a
shed un derwhich he and his mother could sitin summer to watch his
herds ofsheep and horses. H is light wood wa scompletely gone and
he absolutelyneeded something, so he cut down thetree . . . just a
sing le , so l itar y one inall that primeval forest.Of course he
got angry when thegentlemen calmly and heartlesslyrejected his
justification and onlypermitted him to reply to the questions they
a sked. Then he wan ted topay double the fine if they wouldonly let
him go. Why, up there at
home, his mother was alone withhundreds of sheep and horses
andcould not manage them, much lessdrive them all down to the
stream towater them. She was no longer ableto ride horseback as
when she wasyoung, let alone his colt, after whichall the other
horses ra n. She was anold woman who could only cook hisfood an d
spin. They ought to understan d this! . . .The gentlemen merely
smiled atone an other. When he reiterated hisrequest, still more
stubbornly and,looking at them proudly and defiantly, stamped his
foot, then the devilbroke loose.They called him a proud bird
whoneeded cag in g . . .on e who trampledthe Emperor's commands
underfoot... who would soon no longer believecolored belt decorated
with rin gs and in God . .. because he ha d hundreds '
-
8/14/2019 The Ukrainian Weekly 1945-46
4/6
U KR A IN IA N WEEKLY, SA TU R D A Y , D EC EMBER 1 , 1945 j j
> N o. 45J
Ukiainian influences Upon Uuuscovite Culture( F r o m Prof. Ivan
Ohie nk o ' s "His tor y o f U kr a i n i an C u l ture ," t r an s
l a t e dby Ste phe n Dav idov ic h i n London) (1 )JF i lER E w e
re nume rous impe dime nt swhich barred cultura l deve lop-me - i ;
i n Muscovy as R ussi a w asknc w n s e ve r a l c e ntur i e s ago
. The rewe* few schools and educat ion wasvir .ved suspic ious ly
as the productc the devi l . Hen na dy, the Arch-bis op of
Novhorod, compla ined thusa t cut the i l l i te ra cy in Moscow
to-wruds the end of the 15th century:"T*;cy br in g to ra e a
mouzhik (pea sa n t ) to be orda i n e d? I "ask h im toiced one of
the epist les but he cann ot ta k e a s tep; I give him the psa
lter an d i t is not better . I dr ive himout an the people compla
in on me.Jt i s the so i l the y s a yw e c annotfin 1 pe on le w
ho c an make he adw ayw i th w r i t i ng . . . the y bow to me an
dplead, "Have mercy Gospodin, pleaset ea c h u s. ' I a s k hi m t
o r e p e a l ,the 'Ekteni i ' but he cannot repeat avor d . Y ou t
e l l h im one th in g and hete l l s you an other . I a s k h im
to l e a r nthe a lphabet but he s i ts for a whi lea n d t h e n r
u n s a w a y . " *
Low Leve l of Learning in 16thCentury MoscowD urin g the 16th
century there weremany c ompla i n t s about the low s t an dard of
l ea r n i n g i n Moscow . A mongthe resolut ions of the
StoglavovySobor of 1551 was one which stressedthat those people who
are ordainedto pr iesthood should at least be ableto read. Altho
ugh the Sobor hopedthnt this might be poss ible they knewit was n
ot l ik e ly . "We learn fromour fathers and somet imes from
ourroasters an d we had no other pla ceto s tudy; our f a the r s
and mas te r st e rc h us on l y w hat the y know the mse lves .
But the father s an d the ma st e r s the mse lve s know ve r y l i
t t l e andthey have no school where they mightl e a r n . " -This
s tate of af fa irs las ted for along t ime. The Muscovites cont
inuedto a rgue a s to w he the r the i r s i ng i n gshould be
"Gospodi Pomiluy" or "OhGospodi Momiluy," whether Al le luashould
be sung twice or three t imes ,whether the process ion around
thechurch should proceed from left tor ight or f rom r ight to le
ft , andwhether the name Jesus should bewr it ten 'Isus* or 'Iysus
. ' Even in the17th c e ntur y e duc a t ion w as r e ga rde din
Muscovy as a thing "born of thedevi l ; the eterna l enemy of the
huma n r a c e. " We s te rn c u l ture and e duc a t ion w e re
shunn e d . A c c ord ing to
the Russ ian proverb, "those whohave studied Lat in have strayed
fromthe path of r ighteousness ." 4An inc ident which happened
in1660 wi l l g ive some indicat ion of thecultura l s i tuat ion
in Moscow. TheBoyar , Ord in - N asc hok in , had a sonn a m e d V
oi n . H e w a s a n i n t e l l i ge n t
lad and the , capt ive Poles who werehis tutors inst i l led in
him a love forWestern culture . When in 1660 theTsar s e nt youn g
N asc hok in i n to L ivonia he escaped abr oad. In thosed a y s t
h a t w a s v i r t u a l l y a n a c t o ftrea son. His poor
father despera tel y aw a i t e d a de a th s e nte nc e butTsar A
le xe i forgave the f a the r andadvised him in a le t ter: "It has
beenmade know n to us tha t due to h i si g n o r a n c e y o u r s
on i s n o w i n D a n z i gand has caused you, his father ,
severepain, which has been inf l ic ted uponyou by the Sa t an h
imse l f w ho w i ththe a id of a l l the dark diabol ica lforc e s
s e par a t e d you f rom your son .We a re not surpr i s e d tha t
your sonhas s t r a y e d; th i s w as due to h i s l i ght -he a r
t e dne s s . Be in g a youn g man hewants to see the works of God
on thisear th." A lexe i issued this order toNaschokin: "Your son
is to be se izedw i thout de l a y , a nd brought to youfor which
you wi l l pay f ive , or s ix oreven ten thousand roubles . I f
that isimposs ible , he should be done withthere , providing i t is
agreeable toN asc hok in . " "
I n a l l o f R uss i a there w as on l yone pr i n t ing house
. I t wa s in Moscow, and i t publ ished only re l ig iousbooks .6
Cultured people found i tdifficult to l ive in Moscow. The travell
e r Max im Hre k , a man w i th a goodWestern educat ion, soon
found himse lf in a Moscow ja i l where he rema ine d for tw e nt y
ye a r s . I t i s notsurpr is ing that out of the thir tyyoung me
n w hom Bor i s Goud inovse nt abroad to s tudy on l y one r e
turne d .7Peter I Sent Pr iests to Kiev to Learn
Towards the end of the 17th century (1698) Peter I compla in ed
to thePat r i a r c h tha t "R uss i an pr i e s t s shou ldbe sen
t to school in Kiev becausethe y know ve r y l i t t l e o f r e ad
ing andw r i t i ng . " 8Social l ife in Moscow sufferednumerous
restra ints . The upper gent r y and the c ount r i e s w e re l i
t e r a l l ythe serva n ts of the Tsar . Refugeeswho escaped from
the wrath of ana n g r y T s a r i n t o U k r a i n e t o l d s t
o r i e sof the ir l i fe and wondered at there l a t ive f r e e
dom of Ukr a i n i an ge nt r y ."I t i s no w onde r the n , " s a
y s Prof.Ternovsky, "that Southern Orthodoxge nt r y w e re of t e
n l e ade r s o f a rmie sadvanc ing aga i ns t Musc ov i t e Tsa r
-
dom; Pr i nc e Os t roz hsky d i sp l a ye d agreat dea l of
energy in his f ight withMoscow and he passed his hate forMoscow to
his son." ,J1861
1 Kostomariv, A Social History of Russia, 1888, 3rd ed. p.
329.-' Stoglav, Section 25.3 P. Morozov, Theofan Prokopovich,1880.
p. 49.4 Ibedem p. 34.
5 S. Soloviv, History of Russia,Vol. XI. p. 93-97." A. Piupin,
History of Russian Literature, 1902. 2nd ed. Vol. 111. p. 257.318."
l lovaisk y, A History of Russia, Moscow, 1890. Vol.-111. p. 363.8
P. Morozov, opus citatus p. 61.9 Prof. S. Ternovsky, The Archivesof
South-Western Russia, No. l. Vol. V.fp. 16, Kiev, 1873.
Wherea s in U k ra in e th&rftrar iousdistr ic ts were se lf
-governing, hi Musc ovy the x i t i e s w e re govern e d by aVoe
voda appo in te d by the Tsa r i ncompensat ion for services
rendered.These Voevodas were concernedpr imar i l y w i th e xp lo
i t i ng the i r pe op leand there was no court to which thepopu la
t ion c ou ld appe a l .10"For a long t ime Moscow wouldnot admi t
he r shor tcomin gs i n the fi e ldof educat ion," wr ites Academic
ian A.P i u p i n .11 A re a l s c hoo l w as the n unkn ow n i n
Moscow .12 In 1640 Petro Mo-hyla , the Meropol i tan of Kiev,
wroteto Tsa r Myk ha i lo Fe dorov ich tha t i tw ou ld be adv i s
ab le to organ iz e somee duc a t iona l f ac i l i t i e s i n
Musc ovy andtha t i f i t would plea se the . Tsa r hewould send
him some teacher s . Butthe Tsa r pa id no a t t ent ion to th i
soffer.13In the year 1645 the Greek Metropol i tan Theofan vis i
ted Moscow. Headvised the Tsar to organize a schooland to invite a
Greek teacher to lec
ture on ph i losophy a nd the o logy . Heeven sen t to Tsar
Alexe i the Arch-mandr i t e Be ne d ic t , a ve r y l e a r ne
dman, with whom the Metropol i tanhimse lf s tudied for a t ime. He
wroteto the Tsar about Benedict and advised him to permit the a
rchma n dr iteto organ ize a school in Moscow. Inhis interviw in
Moscow, Benedict ref er r e d to h imse l f a s a t e ac her an d
athe o log i an . Th i s ange re d the e c c les iast ic c irc les
in Moscow and herece ived the fol lowing reply: "Giftsa re d i spe
nse d by God h imse l f and noone has the r ight to ca l l h imse
lf at e ac he r an d the o log i an . Suc h pr a i s ec an be r e c
e ive d on l y f rom the l ipsof others . St . Paul the grea test
ofa l l apost les cons idered himse lf thelowest of a l l and i t
is the he ight ofimpe r t i ne nc e for anyone to r e f e r toh
imse l f a s a t e ac he r and a the o log i anin the presence of
the Patr iarch." uN e e d le s s to s a y Be ne d ic t w as not r e
ceived in Moscow.In on e man uscr ip t da te d 1643 w ere ad the fo
l low ing: "A nd i f you a r eask e d do you kn ow ph i losophy ,
youshould reply: 'I have never fol lowedHel leni c thought, I have
n ot s tudiedrhe tor i c , a nd I have not be e n amongwise phi
losophers; I only s tudied thebooks of the D iv i ne Law i n orde r
toc le anse my sou l o f s i n . " "
U p t o 1 9t h Ce n t ur y U k r a i n i a n C u lt ur eSuper
iorConcerning Muscovite l i fe the Acade mic i an P iup in s a y s
tha t i t w as s a t ur a te d w i th "re l ig ious f ana t i c i
sm,hos t i l i t y to e duc a t ion , s t agna t ion anda revers
ion to pr imit ive exis tences ." 15There is no doubt that in
thoseday s an d up to the 19th ce ntur y U k-o Ibidem p. 1711 A.
Piupin, A History of RussianLiterature, Vol. II. p. 260.i- Ibidem
p. 3 14.J s Ibidem p. 260.14 Ibidem p. 261.18 Ibidem p. 38 0.
igiri of ^Verkhovina*R e c e nt l y w ek rece ived a request
fori n format ion c onc e rn i n g the or ig i n o ft he ^w el l k
n o w n U k r a i n i a n " k o l o m ey -k a " k n o w n a s " V
er k h o v in a " ( T h eH i g h l a n d s ) .The or igin is
somewhat obscure ,and the re fore a c omple te r e p l y c an not
be g ive n a s y e t . One th in g ce r t a i n ,however , is - tha
t the chorus of thesong , tha t i s o f the ko lome yka , i s ap u
r e l y U k r a i n i a n m e l o d y .Words to certa in port ion s
of "Verk h o v i n a " we r e w r i t te n b y t h e U k r a i n i
a n w r i t er M . U s ti a n o v i ch . I tmay have some c onne c
t ions w i th thep l a y "Ve rkhov in te i" (High l ande r s )wr it
ten by the Pole , Joseph- Kor ze-n i o w sk i , w ho w a s b o r n
i n U k r a i n e a n dw ho t aught s c hoo l i n Kre miane t s ,K
i ev , a n d K h a r k i y . T h e U k r a i n i a np l a y by tha
t name i s s imi l a r to h i sp l a y ; a n d i t m a y b e e i t
h e r a n a d a p t a t ion or t r ans l a t ion of the l a t t e r
.Wor th not i ng too i s tha t the re i sa Po l i sh song , "C he
rvon i y Pas , "tha t used to be sun g in Gal ic ia nschools , the
melody of which wasof te n l i ke tha t o f Verk hov ina . I ta lw
ays e nde d , how e ve r , on a "ko lo
me yka" c horus of the "Ve rkhov ina , "w hic h , a s a l r e
ady po in t e d out , i s ap u r e l y U k r a i n i a n m e l o d
y .1 J'. " ., ' , : , ' , . a
r a i n i an c u l ture w as f a r supe r ior toany th ing i n
Musc ovy . The be s tscholars who studied this quest ionhave long
ago c ome to the s ame c onc lusion . A mon g them I c an me nt ion
the A c ade mic i an P iup in , Prof.A r k h a n g e l s k ^ Prof.
Morozov, theA c ade mic i an Pe re t s , a nd Prof. P e-trov. L et
me quote in a ddit ion theop in ion of Prof. Morozov: "Peter
sawthat in jpoint of educat ion the Musc ov i te c l e rgy w a s f
a r be hind thec le rgy of Kie v and tha t i n Gre a t R us s i a
the re w as on l y a 'd i sgus t i ngcoarseness , a most dreadful
spectac le . '"There were no men who coulddirect the educat ion of
the pr iesthood,organ iz e- s c hool s , - c ont ro l th e w ork
ofe duca t iona l i n s t i tu tion s . That w aswhy, in his e
ffort to ra ise the cultura l leve l , he was forced to seek theass
is tance of the scholars of Kiev." 1*A nd i n the op in ion of A .
P iup in :"The sc ience an d l i tera ture whi chhad deve loped in
Western Rue andKie v w as tha t ne w e l e me nt w h ic htoward the
end of the 16th, andspe c i a l l y dur i ng the 17th c e ntur y ,
i n f lue nc e d and f i na l l y took c ont ro l o fMuscovite
educat ion. But , as t imew e nt on c ont ac t w i th the South- We
s tbecame more indispensable to Mosc ow ; the re w e re not e nough
sc ho l a r s
at home and Moscow had to ca l l uponthe Kie vans to c a r r y
on the e duc a t iona l w ork . Tow ard the middle o fthe 17th c e
ntur y the y be gan to unde r s t and i n Mosc ow tha t the bus ine
s sof books r e qu i r e s r e a l s c ho l a r s :the re w e re
none a t home so the y hadto be brought from Kiev.(To be cont
inued)16 P. Morozov, Theofan Prok opovich,1880 p. 61. A. Piupin,
History of Russian Literature, 2nd ed. 1902. Vol. II. pp. 316,324,
298.
of she e p and hor se s . . . He ground his teeth in r age .
They even brought the Emperori n t o i t ! . . . a n d G od H i m s
el f ! A n dwho was i t rode to church every Sunday, i f not he?
And as to the Empe ror , he dw e l l s f a r , f a r aw ay anddoes
not see what foes on here . . .Jus t for on e s i ng le , so l i t
a r y t r e e . . .Be gga r s , a l l the se ge nt l e me n . . .S
l a ve s , w ho s e r ve . . . The y w an ted tosme ar h im . . . a
n on l y son , the r i c hes tH u t z u l . . .' He sa id a l l
this to the ir faces , butdid his forty-e ight hours .The food they
gave him he did nottouch . . . Let them k eep i t for themse lves ,
he thought,It's because ofsuc h s tuf f tha t the y a r e a s th in
a ss p i n d l e s a n d p a l e a n d u g l y .But a f t e rw ards
the y jus t turne dhim loose . . God!Yet this wa s n ot the pr in c
ipa lI h i n g , a n d a o o u t i t h e d id n o t w a n t
t o t hi n k a t a l l .After a l l this passage of arms, her an
through the tow n, w he re i t w ashot and dus t y an d sw armin g
w i thcrowds of people, an d when hestepped out on the f i rs t
road leadinghomewards and fe lt himse lf embraced by the customary
coolness ofthe fore s t , a l l h i s r age aga i ns t thelow land
fo l k e vapora te d . He nolonge r ne e de d to hur r y ; the re w
asno one fol lowing him who could comp el h i m t o t ur n . b a c
k ! . . .On the l e f t o f the mount a i n a longw hic h he w as
go ing , the re y aw ne d ana by ss cOSgred with forest , on the r
ightthere rose the rocky, forested mount a i n s ide , h igh and s
t e e p a s a w a l l .A few hundred steps ah ead of him,on the'
very verge of the prec ipice,w as a l a rge s tone , w h ic h dur i
ng somew i ld spr i ng n ight had be e n tornloose from the rocky
forested mount a i n , a n d n o w l a y l i k e a r e s t i n g p
l a c e
for w ande re r s . j nodd ing to h im as to an o ld ac qua in t
-The re he s a t down for a mome n t j a n c e . . . The n she pu l
le d the s i l k k c r -to l ight his pipe . j chief f rom her
head, wiped her l ight-He did not s i t long. Out of the ly perspir
in g brow w ith i t , wen t .gu l f r ight ne a r the s tone , a g
i r l c ame round h im s low ly an d be gan tor i s i ng up . With
a f i rm han d she a s c e nd the s t ee p mounta i n pa th .gr
aspe d the f e rns grow ing ne a r thestone , l i f ted herse lf
and stood onthe path.She w as not o f pe as ant s toc k , th i she
not iced at once . A red kerchiefwas bound about her head, the
endsknot te d be h ind , and f ac e and ne c kw e re ba re . He r f
ac e w a s a s w h i t ea s mothe r - of - pe a r l . . . a na* be
aut i fu l. . . e y e s la r g e a n d g l ea m i n g ^ ty i t i n
fi n i te ly s a d . . .T he y l oo k ed a t on e ^ i ns i l e nc e
for a mome nt . ^ '."God give you hea lth; mistress!he s a id a t l
a s t , t imid l y and s t r a ight e n i n g u p ."God give you
the sa me!" she rep l i e d i n a s l i ght l y w e ar i e d tone
,
He s t a r t e d a f t e r he r .She w as t a l l a nd supp le i
n s t a tureand sw aye d s l i ght l y a t the w a i s t a sshe w a
lke d ."God, red ha ir ," he thought. "Likea w i t ch . . . not a s
i ng le g i r l a roundh e r e h a s h a i r l i k e t h a t . . .
t h ey ' r e a l lda rk . A n d how the y some how a l lr u n a f t
e r m e ! . . . Y e t it 's a l r e a d y aj j io n th n ow s i nc
e I l e f t the v i l l a ge4md not one of them has come upl i e r
e ! "k | , He l aughe d forw ard l y . She w ho' w a s w a lk i n g
a he ad of h im, looke d ?round a f f l i ghte ne d?"Whe re a r e
you go ing?" he s a idr*c a tc h ing up to he r ."Into the for e s
t" (To be c ont 'd)
M
' ^ .
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N o. 46 UKRA IN IAN WEEK LY, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1945 m mil m
^
REPIN-A UKRAMAN OR RUSSIANARTIST? I t ri -w eek ly i n fo rm a
tion bu ll et inof the Soviet embassy in Washington v recently
reported that, "Thefifteenth anniversary of the death ofthe great
Russian painter Ilya Repinis September 15 / ' and t hat
specialexhibits of his paintings have beenarra nge d in the Soviet
Union. IIs Repin really Russian, as most'hold, or is he Ukrainian,
as somehold?Generally he is spoken of as thegreat reformer of
Russian painting, ji ts regenerator, that is a man whoproclaimed
the principles whichbreathed new life into the dying bodyof Russian
art . I But there are others who regard,the same man as a Ukrainian
artist .They point to his birth in Ukraine,"of Ukrainian parents.
They pointto his admission of bis Ukrainian;origin in the letter
which broughthim a pension as an artist of the'Ukrainian National
Republic of overa quarter of a century ago. Therepublic was
short-lived and soonRepin again had to wander like ahomeless
vagrant, earning a living asa well-known Russian ar tis t
Where-
was discovered by a Ukrainian American soldier hanging in the
rotundaof the city hall of a town in Texaswhere- &e was
stationed. It has become familiar as one of the mostfascinating
representations of thereckless bravery that was the Kozaks.At a
simple table, placed in thecenter of a Kozak encampment, agroup of
leaders have stopped inorder to write their reply to theTurkish
Sultan who had demandedthe ir surre nder . An assorted collection
of types and characters is gathered around this table, pressing
uponthe old Kozak scribe seated at thetable with a quill in his
hand. Youcan see at a glance what sort of alette r this is. The
scribe probablyhas little to do with its tone andcontent, though he
enjoys it tremendously with the others. The letter is being
dictated by the others.Each one appears to be adding somethin g to
its composition. Guffawsgreet insulting sallies at the arrogant
supreme ruler of the SupremePorte. You can guess that themajestic
robes of the proud potentate
whom they cannot reach. They issuea challenge to an arrogant and
dangerous potentate.Suc h is Renin's picture of Sirko,the Ataman of
the Ukrainian Zaporo-zhian Kozaks, writing a reply to theTurkish
Sultan. Such is Renin's picture of Ukraine.His Picture of
Russia
A competitor in popularity withthis picture is another historic
picture by Repin. It is a picture ofhistoric Russia, and it
represents theletter of the Russians, one of theleading tsars, the
real founder of theRussian empire, Tsar Ivan the Terrible.The scene
is laid in the tsar'spalace. On its carpeted floor lies afigure of
a handsome young man.Strength and life are fast escapingfrom his
frame. He cannot hold.himself uprig ht anym ore. An old manhas
grabbed him* about the wa ist,trying to lift him. But th e youngman
can do no more than collect,with great effort, the remnants ofhis
consciousness. But with his lastconsciousness he is trying to
wardoff the embraces of the old man. Itis patently clear that it is
the oldman himself who had struck him thedeadly blows. The old man
must havecaught himself in despair by the fore-
J!
ReplnV Zaporozhian Kozaks' Reply to the Sultanever his pictures
appeared, the au*thors of the catalogues emphasizedthe nationalist
qualities of his works,meaning by this the Russian nationalism.
In view of all this, it would bewell to examine the question of
Re-pin's nationalism. Whose nationalismdoes he express in his
paintings,Russian or Ukrainian? Let us lookinto his pictures for
the answer.A great portion of his works areportraits. There are
among his sitters men of Ukrainian and Russianorig in. I t would be
difficult, if no timpossible, to detect in them his national
feelings. He was too much ofa portrait painter, who tried withall
the power at his command totranscribe for the onlooker the
experience that to him was the sitter .Those po rtraits are
jpeither Russiannor Ukrainian. ^There also came from his brushsome
religious pictures, such as StNicholas Saving the Man About tobe
Beheaded. These, too, can h ardlybe connected with any national
feelings of the artist .
His Picture of UkraineThese pictures, however, contraststrongly
with a series of historicpictures, for which Repin won thegre ate
st fame. Of those he himselfliked most is the picture of The Kozaks
' Reply to the Sultan, as he attested this by copying it severalt
imes and repainting it in severalversion s. Everyo ne is familiar
witinth i s picture. It has become a familiar artistic heritage of
millions of
people throug h various black andwhite reproductions and
coloredfdn ta . A huge colored print of it
are being dragged in the mud hereamidst the cheers of the
crowd.All of them are armed, even thepowerful Hercules who sits
shirtless!at the table, shaping some spicy
morsel or an oath for the taste of the mighty ruler of the
greatest;armies of his day. Those arms and |the wounds on the heads
of someof them speak loudly that these men \know wha t they are
doing. This- is;not the bantering of men afraid tojfight. They do
not fling epithets jupon one who cannot touch them or
head as there are blood stains on it,the blood of the dying
young man.The old man's eyes are popping outof their sockets, as he
realizes thedered the young man in a fit ofhorror of his misdeed:
he has mur-violent fury.
On the carpet, at the young man'sside there lies a long cane,
with along spear-like end. Anyone whoknows something about Russian
history will recognize it at once as thefamous cane of the Russian
TsarIvan, who would receive a foreign
' . Bepin's Ivan the Terrible and His Sla in Son. . ..
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" 1 !U KR A IN IA N WEEKLY, SA TUR D A Y , D EC EMBER 1 , 1945T
- ^ i L L i U i N o. 45 i _
( ; . WANT ADSCLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT:BErgeo 44)237 BRy*nt 94)582
#
; , ; . Ber gen 3 - 16P H I U L Y P O S T S O U T F O R
M E M B E R S
Relief Meetng HeldIn AkronPH1LLY WINS SECOND ANDT H IR D W I TH
O U T D E F E A TPhiHV'st UJSTA. Basketbal l Teamc ont i nue d' to
show ma rk e d improveme nt ove r l a s t s e ason both i n Var s i
ty a n d J u n i o r V a r s i ty m a t e r i a l a s T h e < -
f l i t t t e e of the un i t e d ;the y w on hand i l y ove r the
N ava l 1 American KeJief Commrt-A ir cr a ft un i t fr om Joh n sv
ffl e, P a . * * ^ ^ ^ * j t h e * * * * * * P * i *November 19 by
a 47-29 score , an d T^lSS W " * * ^ * 1 ^ N ovembe rfol lowed
through with an easy vie -1 i e 1 M 5 \ * * A k r o n , O h io ,tor
y ove r the C her r y r fiH F ive on* A ppe ar i n g be fore a sma
l t be t h igh-Thanksg iv i ng , 36- 26 . | l y appre c i s t ive
and i n t e re s te d aud i -Four of the f ive s t a r t e r s i n
the ' e n c e - Dr G a ll a n o utl in e d t he N a v y - ga me
Monda y r ee led off 10 ** t h e w ^ i n z a i i o i i , i t s a c
t i v i t i e s a n dpo in t s . The Gold an d B ine Wave Var - i t
s n e e ds, both pre sen t a nd future .*. A u. * . ^ o^o ' s tt y
s a i l e d to a 31- 6 ha l f ton e l e ad: a **** **** w a highl
ighted by ex^ ^ ^ ! ! ^ o f t he W ^ d ^ ^ ^ T h i r t p er i od m
a r gi n , a n d t he n +** * * l e t t e r s w r i t t e n by me
nwar^To ^^*p * * "*up- TheJ avyt 5 ^ ^
A me r ic an Le g ion , _V.F .W D JLV, | . . ^ ^ thousan ds of
home le s s U J for the ^ * ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ " ' * < ^ 4 s in c e l a
s t s ea s on w h en t he ' I ta a l n i a n a .^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
took tw o of thre e gam e s a t * * appe a l w a s ma de fo r the c
ont i nue dc oope ra t ion of a l l i nd iv idua l s .e w ish ve te
r an organ iz a t ions ,o r g a n i z a t i o n s a l r e a d y a r
e r e p o r t i n g200 to 400% inc re ase i n the i r me mb e r sh
i p . T h u s P h i la d e l ph i a , P a .the C la i r Pos t i n s
t a l l e d 300 me mbe rson A r mis t i ce Da y , w h i l e the
Hous tonPost with 1,824 members enrol led275 more . Perhaps the
greatest increase , is r eported by Yeairs ley Post of
- * **w ' U k r a i n i a n H a f l .T he C her r y g a m e o n
T ha n k sg iv i ng be gan to turn i n to a rout , butJe r r y Juz
w iak thre w i n a l l r e s e rve sbefore f ive minutes of the
game hadpassed, and they f in ished out thesk i r mish fa t t e n i
n g up on poin t s .S c o r e s b y q u a r t e r s :N a v y 4
GEN EV IEVE J . ZEPKOWeekly Banter
U n i v e r s i t y i J r a t e i p t t sC a n a n d S h o u l d
O r g a n i z e
C ounte r A t t ac kV.F.W.: 570 new members in 2 yearsPropor t
iona te l y the U kr a i n i an Phtt a . 12A me r ic an War Ve te r
ans Pos t N o. 11 C her r y Hi l l o f Ph i l ade lphi a , Pa . c
an a l so mak e Ph i l ade lph i a 12
2985
710611s imi la r report . In fact this post isg r o w i n g i n
t o a l u s t y o r g a n i z a t i o n .D ur i n g one me e t i ng
for c . iample ,e ighte e n ve te r ans jo i ne d i t .O n e U k r
a i n i a n ' A m er i c a n v et er a n ,w ho w as i n a l l e
ngage me nt s f romTar aw a to Ok in aw a , w r i t e s : (he bs t
i l l m the s e rv ic e ) "My D ad w a s myour Pos t and now I am
go ing tofol low in his footsteps . I am 100%w ith you . "M a n y v
e t e r a n s o f U k r a i n i a n d e scent are join i n g the
post becausethe y r e a l i z e tha t hav ing the s a rmanc e s t r
a l bac kground , the s ame l i ke san d t a s t e s they c an f a
r e be st , a ndthe y r e a l i z e tha t the i r hopes andam bit
ions can be best f unf i l ledamongs t the i r ow n .A l t h o u g
h v e t e r a n o r g a n i z a t i o n sa re e s se nt i a l l y s
e mi^mi l i t a r y andA me r ic an pa t r io t i c organ iz a t
ion the ya l so g ive a he lp ing hand to the Ukr a i n i a n c a u
s e m o r a l l y a n d m a t e r i a l l y . N e e d le s s to sa
y , the y c he r i sh andsus t a i n the he r i t age of our f a
the r sthe good qual i t ies with which theyhave enr iched Amer
ican l i fe .U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a n w a r v e t e r a n
souts ide of Phi lade lphia who areth ink i ng of organ iz i ng the
i r ow nposts are urged to communicate withour Phi lade lphia Post
for furtherdeve lopment of the plans . The Phi lade lphia Post
expects to have i ts char
ter before the end of the year .The f ru i t o f un i t y i s ve
r y admir a b l y S h o w n b y U k r a i n i a n A m e r i c a
nLegion Post of New York, N. Y. withI t s 150 me mbe rs ( the y a r
e a imin g a t1000) the Cleve land Post with 100me mbe rs a nd the
Ph i l ade lph i a Pos tw i th ove r 100 me mbe rs .T he U k r a i
n i a n A m er i ca n V e te r a n sPos t N o. 1 o f Ph i l ade lph
i a aga i n i n v i t e s a l l ve te r ans to jo i n I t s r
anksat n ext meet in g D ecember 2, 1945,a t U k r a i n i a n H a
l l , 84 7 N . F r a n k l i ns t r e e t a t 2 P .M. A VETER A
N
METRIC SLOBOGIN
In a cheap l i t t le s ide-street sa loon,& the s a i l o r
n a d sudde n l y p ic ke d up an6 * 7 o m p t y w h i s k y b o t
t l e a n d b a n g e d i t626 r e sound ing l y upon the ba r t e
nde r ' s836 he ad . N ow he s tood i n c our t to an -
' AMIu HA
swer for his offense . "My clien t f ibdmits he Struck thebar te
nde r , " s a id the s a i l o r ' s l aw ye r ,"be t He meted' n n
4er the inf luence ofl iquor ; an d pr e t t y poor l iquor - a tt
h a t " ?\- "Be t he does ad mit mseauJt iag th ema n wi th the
bott le ," in s is ted thecourt .
B y S o ph i e D c n v d c k i i k** high pe rc e nt age of A me
r ic any o u t h o f U k r a i n i a n d e s ce n t h e l p
scomprise the student bodies of Amer ic an c o l l e ge s and un
ive r s i t i e s . Sc a t t e re d a i l ove r the c ount r y ,
the se y oungpe op le have one th ing hr c ommont h ei r U k r a i
n i a n h e r i ta g e . A r e t h e yto d i sc a rd i t n ow a f t
e r the i r fore fathers have fought so long to pres e rve i t
?
In orde r to prote c t th i s he r i t agefrom deter iorat ion,
the col lege youthshou ld organ iz e . Pre se nt c u l ture i sbase
d on know le dge and e xpe r i e nc ehande d dow n f rom pas t ge
ne r a t ions .Be s ides e nr i c h in g A me r ic an c u l tureby
orga n i s i n g , the i nd iv idua l h imsel fr e aps bene f i t
s, i n tha t orga n i s a t iona lw ork t e ac he s h im to c ooper
a te an dac c e pt r e spons ib i l i t y .The proposed orga n i s
a t ion oouMn ot be establ i shed without the a ido f e x i st i n
g U k r a i n i a n or g a n i z a t i on s .How e ver , i n orde r
to he lp the Sponge r g e n e r a t i o n o r g a n i s e , t h r e
a d e r g e n e r a t ion mus t unde r s t and thc ho logy of youth
, f t nms la progr am w hic h should be c ul tur a lan d e duc a t
iona l , a nd a t the s amet ime shou ld appe a l to y oun g
mindsand bodies , by the inc lus ion of suchth in gs a s spor t s
an d soci a l a f f a i r s .The suggested method of creat ings u c
h a n o r g a n i z a t i o n o f u n d e r g r a d u ates , which
wf l l be discussed a t th eY OUTH FOR UM sponsore d by the
flAMKA . 1 . 5 ..,[ " 2 . . I . 2 . 1 946. . $5.00. . :S U R M
AII . 7th Street, New York 3, N. Y.
^ W K V >
* .
i s . D . | | ] 1 1 ) ] ] ] "Sea ek i pp er " ( )] | J .] *] P a
ct ) .1 * ] s o
*>~ * . jatasvk ORU. UNDERGRAWJATBB, :YOUTH , ROLE OF UKR.
EDUCATORS. I I rtiiiiii \ \ \ \
