THE UK DAIRY ROADMAP · Dairy Roadmap has expanded to include all dairy products, setting new and ambitious targets that reflect the evolving environmental challenges faced by the

THE UKDAIRY ROADMAP SHOWCASING 10 YEARS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT

DAIRY ROADMAP | 10th ANNIVERSARY REPORt

Key Achievements & Commitments since 2008:

• 18%improvementinindustrialenergyefficiency.

• CommitmenttotheUKIndustrialDecarbonisation&EnergyEfficiencyActionPlan.

• WidespreadeliminationofHCFCrefrigerants.

• Actiontoincreasefuelefficiency,andphaseoutinefficientenginesacrossdairytransportand

freightnetworks.

FutureTargets:

• 2020-15%improvementinenergyefficiency.

• 2025-30%relativereductionincarbonrelatedtoenergyuseatprocessingsites.


• 23.4%improvementinindustrialwaterefficiency.

• 56%reductionintherelativeCODloadofdischargedeffluent.

• 17.5%improvementineffluentefficiency.

FutureTargets:

• 2020–20%relativereductioninwaterboughtontosite.

• 2020–20%reductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)inpre-primarytreatmenteffluent.

• 2025-30%relativereductioninnetwaterbroughtontosite.


• 95%ofex-factorywastesenttorecoveryorrecycling.

• Only4%ofex-factorywasteissenttolandfill.

FutureTargets:

• 2020-Zeroex-factorywastesenttolandfill.


• 85%ofHDPEmilkbottlesarecurrentlyrecycled.

• 31%peakrecycledcontentinHDPEmilkbottles.

• >95%tertiarypackagingisreusedorrecycled.

• 80%FSCassuredcartonboard.

FutureTargets:

• 2020-50%recycledmaterialinHDPEmilkbottles,oritscarbonequivalentreduction.

• 2020-Alltertiarypackagingtobereusableorrecyclable.

• 2020-100%ofpaperbasedcartonstobeFSClabeled.

• 2025-Improvethedesignofdairypackagingtoeliminateunnecessarysingleuseplastic,maxi-

mizerecycledcontentandimprovetherecyclabilityasappropriate,whileminimisingcarbonimpact.


• UndertheCourtauldCommitmentDairyUKhaspledgedtoreducethewasteassociatedwith

foodby20%between2015and2025.

• 2/3ofthefoodnotdestinedforthefinalconsumerisusedviaalternativevalorisationpathways.

• 14%ofthefoodnotdestinedforthefinalconsumerissenttolandfillordownthedrain.

FutureTargets:

• 2020-20%relativereductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)inpre-primarytreatmenteffluent.

• 2025-30%reductioninfoodwastefromsiteinlinewiththeEUFusionsfoodwastedefinition.

• 2025-Increaseinproductandpackagingdesignfeaturesthathelppreventconsumerfoodwaste.


• DairyUKBiodiversityStrategyforDairyProcessors.

FutureTargets:

• 2025-Dairyprocessorstoenhanceandpromoteactiontoimprovebiodiversity.

FOODWASTE

PLASTIC&PACKAGING

LANDFILL

WATER

CLIMATECHANGE&ENERGY

BIODIVERSITY


• 24%declineinGHGemissionsassociatedwiththeproductionofmilkbetween1990and2015.

• 70%ofdairyfarmerscurrentlytakeactiontoreduceGHGemissions.

• 43%ofdairyfarmerscurrentlyproduceoruserenewableenergy.

FutureTargets:

• 2020–30%reductioninGHG(includingcarbondioxide,methaneandnitrousoxide)

emissionsfromdairyfarmsbetween1990and2020.

• 2020-40%ofenergyusedondairyfarmsisfromrenewableresources.

• 2025-90%ofdairyfarmersimplementingtechnologies/practicestoreduceemissionsfrom

agriculture.

• 2025-85%offarmersusingexpertadvicetooptimisefeedplans,whichisdirectlylinkedto

reducedemissions.


• 2012,78%offarmersimplementedwaterefficiencymethods(58%in2010).

• NutrientandManuremanagementplansareheldby73%and89%ofdairyholdings

respectively,helpingtominimisewaterpollution.

FutureTargets:

• 2020-100%uptakeofwateruseefficiencymeasures.


• 85%ofdairyholdingscurrentlytakingactiontoreduceGHGemissionsarerecyclingwaste

materialfromfarm.

• FarmersarerequiredtouseregisteredwastecarriersundertheRedTractorAssuranceScheme.

FutureTargets:

• 2020-70%ofnon-naturalwasteisrecycledorrecoveredasstandardpractice.


• Atitspeak70%ofagriculturallandwasinagri-environmentalschemes.

• UndertheCampaignfortheFarmedEnvironment30,000kmofhedgerowsand37,000kmof

grassmarginshavebeenplanted.

• 2025-Dairyfarmerstoenhanceandpromoteactionbeingtakentoimprovebiodiversity


• 85%ofdairyfarmersregularlytestsoilfornutrientcontentand88%forpHlevel.

• NutrientandManuremanagementplansareheldby73%and89%ofdairyholdingrespectively.

• 81%ofdairyfarmerstakeactiontoreducestockingrateswhenfieldsareexcessivelywet.

KeyAchievements&FutureAspirations:

• Ammoniaemissionsfromagriculturedecreasedby19%between1990and2015andwith

theexceptionofammoniaandPM2.5,emissionsofallpollutantscontinuedtodecreasein2015.

• TheUKmetitstargetsetundertheNationalEmissionCeilingsDirectivetoreduceammonia

emissionsfrom2005levelsby2010andhascommittedtoreduceammoniaemissionsfrom

2005levelsby8%by2020and16%by2030.

CLIMATECHANGE&ENERGY

WATER

WASTE

BIODIVERSITY

AIRQUALITY

SOIL

DAIRYPROCESSORS DAIRYFARMERS

SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS AND TARGETS


FOREWORD

Over the past decade, the Dairy Roadmap has demonstrated the commitment of the entire British dairy sector towards environmental sustainability and has provided a template replicated around the world to improve the environmental impacts associated with the production of milk and dairy products.

This,the10thanniversaryreporthighlightsthevaststridesthathavebeentakenbothonfarmsandindairiessincetheDairyRoadmapwasfounded.Together,theBritishdairysectorhasreportedamarkedimprovementinitsenvironmentalfootprint,notonlyreducingtheemissionofgreenhousegases,waste,andotherpollutantsbutalsoimprovingtheefficiencyatwhichitconsumeswater,energy,andotherresources.

CruciallytheDairyRoadmaprecognisesthatthereisnoendpointtoenvironmentalsustainability,andledbyDairyUK,theNFU,andAHDBtheentiresupplychaincontinuestosetambitioustargetsforimprovementthatdrawfromtheever-changingsustainabilityagenda.

Inadditiontocelebratingthesuccessofthepast10years,thiseditionoftheDairyRoadmaplookstothefutureandconsiderstheroleoftheDairyRoadmapindeliveringbroaderenvironmentalcommitmentsbothintheUnitedKingdomandglobally.

In2017theDairyRoadmapsignedtheDairyDeclarationofRotterdam,andindoingsorecognisedtherolethatthedairyindustrycanplayinthedeliveryoftheUNSustainableDevelopmentGoals.

Domestically,weworkcloselywithanumberofstakeholderssuchasRedTractorandWRAPtomaintainanddevelopenvironmentalstandards,andthroughtheambitioustargetsoftheDairyRoadmaphavesetstrongfoundationstohelpdeliverthegovernment’s25YearEnvironmentPlan.

Theprogresswehavemadeoverthelastdecadehasbeenimmense,butwewillcontinuetochallengeourselvesandevolvetoensurethattheBritishdairysupplychainremainsworldleadinginenvironmentalsustainability.

PaulVernonChairmanofDairyUKChairmanoftheDairyRoadmap


“The Dairy Roadmap aims to improve the environmental footprint of the UK dairy sector whilst ensuring the continued prosperity of the industry, and the provision of safe, nutritious, and sustainable produce for years to come.”

DRJUDITHBRYANSCEOofDairyUKPresidentoftheInternationalDairyFederation

CONTENTSTHEDAIRYROADMAP

DAIRYPROCESSORS

DAIRYFARMERS

NATIONALALIGNMENT

GLOBALALIGNMENT

THEROADAHEAD

DELIVERINGTHEROADMAP

01.

04.

18.

38.

42.

49.

50.


The Dairy Roadmap is a cross-industry initiative that brings together participants from the entire dairy supply chain including farmers, dairy manufacturers, and industry partners. Together, the British dairy industry has made a commitment to set targets and produce regular reports on the progress it is making to reduce its environmental footprint.

EvolutionandchangehavebeenapartofTheDairyRoadmapsinceitsinception.Firstpublishedin2008,thethenMilkRoadmapwasdevelopedasawaytomonitor,improveandreporttheenvironmentalimpactsofproducingliquidmilk.Overthepastdecade,andthepublicationoffurtherreportsin2009,2011,2013and2015,TheDairyRoadmaphasexpandedtoincludealldairyproducts,settingnewandambitioustargetsthatreflecttheevolvingenvironmentalchallengesfacedbytheentiredairysupplychain.

This2018reportcelebratesthe10thanniversaryofTheDairyRoadmap,andtheextraordinaryprogressmadebytheindustryoverthelasttenyears.WhilstthisreportrecognisestheenvironmentalcredentialsoftheUKdairyindustry,italsoacknowledgesthatthereisalwaysroomtoimprove.Wehavethereforereviewedandwherenecessaryamendedthetargetsfor2020and2025,toreflectthegrowthinourambitions.

Thisreportalsolookstothefuture.ItwillexplorethenextstepsinTheDairyRoadmap’sevolution,andconsiderhowitalignswithnationalcommitmentsandglobalsustainabilityinitiativessuchastheDairySustainabilityFrameworkandtheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals.

Thereisnoendpoint,nofinishlineonsustainabilityandthroughTheDairyRoadmap,weremaincommittedtoimprovementatallstagesofthedairysupplychain.

AIMS

The Dairy Roadmap prides itself on the longstanding commitment it has made to delivering environmental improvement across the entire dairy supply chain. To help achieve this, three strategic aims have been developed as a means to verify the ambition and the progress of The Dairy Roadmap.

1 Toimprovetheenvironmentalfootprintoftheentiredairysupplychain.

2 Tostriveforenvironmentalbestpractice,innovation,andcompliance.

3 TomaximisethesocialandeconomicbenefitsfortheUKdairysectorfromtheseimprovements.

THE DAIRY ROADMAP

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AREAS OF FOCUS

The Dairy Roadmap focuses on a broad range of environmental themes including:

CLIMATE CHANGE & ENERGY WATER WASTE & RECYCLING SOILBIODIVERSITYAIR QUALITYTheperformanceofthesupplychainagainsttargetssetforthesetopicsisexploredinthefollowingchapter.Unlessotherwisespecified,abaseyearof2008isusedtomeasureimprovementagainstthesetargets.

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10 YEARS OF PROGRESS

Over the past decade, The Dairy Roadmap has reported environmental improvements across the entire dairy supply chain. These achievements have been driven by ambitious and wide-reaching targets set for five-yearly intervals. AstheDairyRoadmaphasevolvedanddevelopedeachsetoftargetshaspushedforfurtherimprovement,ensuringthatsuccessremainsincentivisedandthattheDairyRoadmapremainsattheforefrontofthesustainabilityagenda.

Whilstourworkisfarfromcomplete,theachievementsofthepasttenyearsstandtestamenttothehardworkandcommitmenttakenacrosstheentiresupplychaintoimproveourenvironmentalfootprint.Onfarmsandindairiestheindustryhastakenactiontoimprovethewayweuseresourcesandtominimisetheimpactsthattheproductionofmilkandotherdairyproductshasontheenvironment.


Since 2008 UK dairy processors have monitored their environmental performance on an annual basis through The Dairy UK Environmental Benchmarking Report. To date, processors have made substantial improvements against the targets of the Dairy Roadmap, with notable success in the areas of energy efficiency, effluent and waste management. In recent years The Dairy Roadmap has introduced targets to help combat emerging issues such as food and packaging wastes.

DAIRYPROCESSORS

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TargetMetOnTrackFurtherWorkRequired

2015 DAIRY PROCESSOR TARGETS

1. EverylargeprocessingsitewillhaveinplaceanEnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS)coveringcarbon,energy,waste,effluent,wasteandpackaging,withallpermittedsitesprogressingtoanexternallyverifiedEMSby2015.

2. SmallsitestobeinvestigatingEMS.

3. Allmajorprocessingcompaniestobeimplementingacarbonmanagementprogramme.

4. A20%relativereductionofwaterbroughtontosite.

5. Toachievea20%relativereductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)loadindischargeeffluent.

6. Zeroex-factorywastetolandfill,whereenvironmentallyadvantageous,foralllargeprocessingsites.

7. ThreeAnaerobicDigestion(AD)plantsatDairyRoadmapsites.

8. 30%recycledmaterialinhighdensityPolyethylene(HDPE)milkbottle.

9. Removeallhydrofluorocarbons(HCFC’S)atalllargeprocessingsites.

10.80%ofpaperbasedcartonstobeForestStewardshipCouncil(FSC)labelled.

11.Abiodiversitystrategyforprocessorstobewrittenandtobeintheprocessofimplementation.

12.AllmajorprocessingcompaniestobepartoftheFreightTransportAssociation’s(FTA)LogisticsCarbonReductionSchemeortocommittoequivalentfuelefficiencytargets.

13.AllmajorDairyCompaniestohavephasedEuro4engines.


1. 15%improvementinenergyefficiency.

2. 20%relativereductioninwaterbroughtontosite.

3. 20%relativereductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)inpre-primarytreatmenteffluent.

4. Zeroex-factorywastesenttolandfill.

5. 50%recycledmaterialinHDPEmilkbottles,oritscarbonequivalentreduction.

6. Alltertiarypackagingtobereusableorrecyclable.

7. 100%ofpaperbasedcartonstobeFSClabeled.


1. 30%relativereductionincarbonrelatedtoenergyuseatprocessingsites.

2. 30%relativereductioninnetwaterbroughtontosite.

3. 30%reductioninfoodwastefromsiteinlinewiththeEUFusionsfoodwastedefinition.

4. Dairyprocessorstoenhanceandpromoteactiontoimprovebiodiversity.

5. DairyindustrytodevelopandimplementanindustrystandardforEnvironmentalSustainabilitytraining.

6. Improvethedesignofdairypackagingtoeliminateunnecessarysingleuseplastic,maximiserecycledcontent,andimprovetherecyclabilityasappropriate,whileminimisingcarbonimpact.

7. Increaseinproductandpackagingdesignfeaturesthathelppreventconsumerfoodwaste.

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CLIMATE CHANGE & ENERGY

Key Achievements & Commitments since 2008

•18%improvementinindustrialenergyefficiency.

•CommitmenttotheUKIndustrialDecarbonisation&EnergyEfficiencyActionPlan.

•WidespreadeliminationofHCFCrefrigerants.

•Actiontoincreasefuelefficiency,andphaseoutinefficientenginesacrossdairytransportandfreightnetworks.

FutureTargets

•2020-15%improvementinenergyefficiencyfromthebaseyear(2008)

•2025-30%relativereductionincarbonrelatedtoenergyuseatprocessingsites

ImprovementinenergyefficiencyistheprimaryareausedbyTheDairyRoadmaptomonitorthereducingcarbonfootprintofdairyprocessors.

Atpresentover90dairiesacross60companieshavesignedClimateChangeAgreements(CCA)withtheUKgovernment,committingtoimprovetheirindustrialenergyefficiency.Theresultsofthemostrecentreportingperiod(2015-2016)showthatsince2008thesectorhasachievedan18%improvementinenergyefficiency1,exceedingboththe13.6%commitmentnegotiatedwiththegovernmentforPhaseIIoftheCCAandalsoTheDairyRoadmapstargetfor2020.ThissuccesshasalsotranslatedintoeconomicbenefitswithperformanceundertheClimateChangeAgreementsestimatedtohavesavedtheindustryinexcessof£25millionsince2008.

Buildingupontheirstrongtrackrecordforenergyefficiencyimprovements,dairyprocessorshavepledgedtogoonestepfurther,andby2025havecommittedtosignificantlyreducethecarbonemissions(CO2)associatedwiththeproductionofmilkandotherdairyproducts.

Keytoachievingthistargetwillbeimprovedresearch&development,innovationandtheadoptionofcleanerandgreenerfuels.ThesectorisalreadytakingactiontoachievethisaimandhaspledgeditscommitmenttocollaboratewithgovernmentandthewiderfoodanddrinksectorthroughtheIndustrialDecarbonisationandEnergyEfficiencyRoadmapproject.TherecentlypublishedFood&DrinkActionPlan(2017)highlightsanumberactionsagreedbydairyprocessors.FuturetargetsoftheDairyRoadmapwilldrawfromthisActionPlanaswellwidercommitmentsmadebyindustryandgovernment,andindoingsoensurethattheUKdairysectorcontinuestoaimforalowcarbonfuture.

IndustrialDecarbonisation&EnergyEfficiencyActionPlan:Food&DrinkSector2

1 IncreasecollaborativeResearch&DevelopmentundertakenbytheFood&Drinksector.

2 Increasetheadoptionofstate-of-the-art(SAT)technologies.

3 Improvethefoodanddrinksector’sawarenessofexistingfundingandfinanceoptionsforbothmatureenergyefficiencyanddecarbonisationtechnologies.

4 IncreasethesupplyofSTEM(ScienceTechnology,Engineering&Math’s)graduateswiththeskillsandknowledgeneededtodeliveralow-carbonfutureforthefoodanddrinksector.

5 Identifyadditionalopportunitiesforusingbioenergyinthefoodanddrinksectortolowercarbonemissionsandimproveresourceefficiency.

6 Identifyandimplementindustrialheatrecoveryprojectsthatrealizebenefitsforthesector.

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DAIRY ROADMAP | 10TH ANNIVERSARY REPORT

Our commitment is not limited to energy efficiency and decarbonisation, and dairy processors recognise the role they can play in reducing a variety of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants.

TheDairyRoadmaphaspushedtheindustrytoremoveozone-depletinghydrochlorofluorocarbon(HCFCs)refrigerantsfromusebytheendof2015,andatmostsites,thesehavenowbeenreplacedbylessdamagingHCFsornaturalammoniabasedrefrigerants.Similarly,theimpactsoftransport-relatedemissionshavealsobeenaddressedwiththe2015targetschallengingallmajorprocessingcompaniestocommittofuelefficiencytargets,andphaseouttheuseofEuro4enginesintheirdeliveryfleets3.


CaseStudy:

ARLA AYLESBURYTHE NET ZERO CARBON DAIRY

Arla is proud that from October 2017, the Aylesbury Dairy became net zero carbon, realising that original goal, and becoming the first large liquid milk dairy in the world, of its size, to achieve this astonishing result.

Deliveryofthisgoalwasnotsimple,andwewererequiredtopushnewboundariesinthedesignandconstructionofthesite.Energy-hungryprocesseswerechallengedand,forexample,equipmentnormallyrequiringconsiderablequantitiesofcompressedairwaschangedtoelectricalmotordrivenactuation.Likewise,theneedforpumpingwasminimised,withpipeworkusingsweptcurvestoreducebackpressuresandsilosformilkbeingraisedtotakeadvantageofthefreepowerofgravity.

Combinedheatandpower(CHP),hasprovenkeytothedeliverythezerocarbonstrategy.Poweredinpartbytheanaerobicdigestionofsiteeffluent,theenergycentreproduces4MWofelectricity,whichisusedtopartiallypowerthefactoryandafurther4.2MWofheat.

Wherepossible,thesiteisoptimisedforefficiencymakinguseoffreecoolingandheating.TheheatgeneratedfromCHPisreusedinthefactorytominimisethecarbonemissionsoftheprocess,whilsttheplantslargecoolingloadsuppliedbyammoniachillersproduceupto8megawattsofwasteheat.Similarlyhotwaterisalsosuppliedtothesteamgeneratortominimisetheneedforadditionalenergytoproducesteam.

TomitigatethecarbonusedbythegasintheCHPplantandtheadditionalelectricitysuppliedfromthegrid,Arlaworkedwithathirdpartytolocateafoodwastebiogasplantclosetothesite,whichproducesthebalanceoftheenergyrequiredbythedairy.Inadditiontosupplying90%oftheenergyusedbythesite,theanaerobicdigestionplantalsoreduceswastedisposalcosts.

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WATER


•23.4%improvementinindustrialwaterefficiency.

•56%reductionintherelativeCODloadofdischargedeffluent.

•17.5%improvementineffluentefficiency.

FutureTargets

•2020–20%relativereductioninwaterboughtonto site

•2020–20%reductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)inpre-primarytreatmenteffluent

Withindairyprocessing,waterisprimarilyusedtocleanequipment,however,otherusesincludeheatingandcoolingaswellaspasteurisationandhomogenisationofmilk.Althoughtheupstreammanufacturingprocessrepresentsacomparablysmallproportionofthetotal‘waterfootprint’ofdairyproducts4,itisnotaninsignificantamount,anddairyprocessorsrecognisetheneedforeffectivewatermanagementandefficiencytosustainablymeetthewaterdemandsofthedairyindustry.

CaseStudy:

Muller - Water reuse at BRIDGWATER AND DROITWICH

as one of the most efficient dairy businesses in the UK, Müller Milk & Ingredients recycles wastewater at two of its largest processing facilities. There are two reasons for this. Firstly, we care about our impact on the environment and, secondly, we already feel the impact of climate change. Extreme weather patterns have put significant strain on the water supplies in a number of regions in England so we have seized the opportunity to improve the sustainability of the business.

Openedin2008,ourBridgwaterfacilitytreatswaste-watertobetterthanbathingwaterstandards,whichallowsdischargetoalocalriver.In2011,theadditionofaReverseOsmosis(RO)plantmeansthesitecantreataround300,000Lperdaytodrinkingwaterstandardsforre-use.Thisreducesrelianceonlocalwatersuppliesandservestoenhancebiodiversityinthelocalwater-course.

TheROtechnologywasfirstintroducedinearly2011,allowingaround200,000litresofwaterleavingBridgwater’sonsiteeffluenttreatmentplanttoberecycledandreused.Thisinstallationhasbeenexpandedandisnowprovidingover50%ofthewaterrequiredbythedairy,whichhasanannualproductionofaround500millionlitres.

TheReverseOsmosistechnologyusesamembranetoremove99%ofresidualCOD,dissolvedsaltsandbacteriafromthetreatedwastewater,producingwaterofqualityatleastequaltothemainssupply.Thelow-pressuremembranesandhigh-efficiencypumpsmakeitoneofthemostenergy-efficientplantsonthemarket.Recycledwaterisusedacrossthedairyforeverything,fromcleaningthefillinglinestopasteurisingthemilk.

Notonlyisthissuper-efficientbutitsignificantlyreducestheneedtodrawwaterfromthelocalwatersupplies.WehavesincecommissionedasimilarsystemintheDroitwichSpafacility,whichrecyclesover500,000Lofwateraday.Thesetwofacilitiescombinedaccountfor60%ofthegroup’stotalwaterconsumption.

WATER USE EFFICIENCY

Since2008,processingsiteshavereducedtheirrelativewaterconsumptionby23.4%,improvingfrom1.37litresofwaterpertonneofinputto1.05.Althoughthecurrentresultsshowasubstantialimprovementinwaterefficiency,itwasinitiallyanticipatedthatatthispointfurtherimprovementwouldhavebeenachieved.Theslowerrateofprogressisexplainedbypreviouslyanticipatedtechnologicalbreakthroughsinwaterre-useandrecyclingfailingtomaterialiseormature.FurthermoreincreasesinthenumberofproductsproducedateachsitehaveresultedinanincreasedneedforCIPandthereforewater3.

Nonetheless,abroadrangeofmeasureshavefacilitatedtheseimprovementsincludingreducedfreshwaterabstraction,watermappingprojects,rainwaterharvesting,reverseosmosis,optimisedCleaninginPlace(CIP)systems,aswellasimprovementsinon-sitepractices,employeeengagementandleakrepair.

WATER QUALITY

Theprocessingofmilkanddairyproductsproduceswasteandby-productsthatpotentiallyposeathreattowaterquality.ChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)isusedbydairyprocessingsitestoassesstheleveloforganiccompounds(principallymilk)presentinwater,andthereforeactsasanindicatorofwaterquality.Since2008anumbersiteshaveinstalledonsiteeffluenttreatmentplants,optimisedtechnologyandreviewedmanagementpracticeswiththeaimofminimisingtheimpactofeffluent.Asaresultoftheseactions,therelativeCODloadoftheeffluentdischargedfromsitehasfallenby56%since2008,whilstraweffluentefficiency(m3/tonneinput)hasimprovedby17.5%5.

Lookingtothefuture,theDairyRoadmapnowtargetsareductionintheCODlevelbeforeprimarytreatment.Indoingthis,theindustryaimstoreducerelianceonwatertreatmentandpreventtheproblematitssource.Thiswillalsoprovideanindicationofthefoodwastageatprocessing.

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Despitesignificantprogress,TheDairyRoadmaprecognisestheprofoundimpactthatfoodanddrinkpackagingandinparticularplasticcanhaveontheenvironment.Inresponse,wehavereviewedourexistingtargetscallingondairyprocessorsandindustrystakeholderstoinvestinpackaginginnovationandreviewthedesignofdairypackaging.

Thenewtargetstakeaholisticapproachtotheroleofpackagingindairyproducts,requiringprocessorstonotonlymaximiserecycledcontentandimproverecyclabilitybuttoalsowherepossiblereduceoreveneliminateunnecessaryandproblematicplasticpackaging.Theindustryisalsochallengedtoquantifythewiderimpactofpackaginginnovations(e.g.carbon,foodwaste)toensurethatthesedonotpromoteunintendedandenvironmentallydamagingconsequences.

WASTE & RECYCLING

As with other manufacturing industries, the disposal of waste represents one of the greatest contributors to the overall environmental footprint of the dairy sector. ConsideringthisthetargetsoftheDairyRoadmapweresettopromoteapathwaytowardstheminimisationofwaste,movementupthewastehierarchy6,andwherepossiblethetransitiontowardsclosedlooporcircularproductionsystems.

LANDFILL & RECYCLING


•95%ofex-factorywastesenttorecoveryorrecycling.

•Only4%ofex-factorywasteissenttolandfill.

FutureTargets

•2020-Zeroex-factorywastesenttolandfill.

TheDairyRoadmaphaslongadvocatedagainstthedisposalofwastetolandfillinfavourofthere-use,recovery,andredistributionorrecyclingofwasteandsinceitsinception,therehasbeenamarkedchangeinthedisposalofthewastegeneratedfromprocessingsites.

In2016,arecord95%ofallwastegeneratedonsitewaseitherrecoveredorrecycled,risingfrom65%in20085.Theproportionofwastetolandfillhasdecreasedbyasimilarmarginfrom35%to4%since2008.

PLASTIC & PACKAGING WASTE


•85%ofHDPEmilkcontainersarecurrentlyrecycled(58%averageforplasticbottles).

•31%peakrecycledcontentinHDPEmilkbottlesachievedin2014.

•>95%tertiarypackagingisreusedorrecycled.

FutureTargets

•2020-50%recycledmaterialinHDPEmilkbottles,oritscarbonequivalentreduction.

•2020-Alltertiarypackagingtobereusableorrecyclable.

•2020-100%ofpaperbasedcartonstobeFSClabeled.

•2025-Improvethedesignofdairypackagingtoeliminateunnecessarysingleuseplastic,maximizerecycledcontent,andimprovetherecyclabilityasappropriate,whileminimisingcarbonimpact.

Inrecentmonths,theimpactsthatpackagingandinparticularplastichaveontheenvironmenthasdrawnincreasedpublicinterest,andboththeUKanditsdevolvedgovernmentshaveannouncedlegislationandpolicywiththeaimstoreducelitter,increaserecyclingandeliminateallavoidableplasticwaste.Althoughthisissuehasonlygainedwidespreadattentionrelativelyrecently,TheDairyRoadmaphaslongheldtargetsaimedatreducingtheimpactthatpackagingwasteandsingle-useplastichasontheenvironment.

Dairyproductsandinparticularmilk,boastsomeofthemostrecycledandreusedpackagingofallconsumerproducts,with85%ofHDPEmilkbottlescurrentlyrecycledcomparedtothe58%averageforplasticbottles7,8.Asdairyproductsaretypicallyconsumedathome,theyalsodonotsignificantlycontributetolitter.On-site>95%ofalltertiarypackagingused(pallets,cardboardboxesandshrinkwrap)iscurrentlyreusedorrecycled5.

Dairyprocessorshavealsodemonstratedacommitmenttomaximisingtherecycledcontentandsustainabilityofthematerialstheyuse.Asof2015,atleast80%ofallcartonboardwasFSCassured9,10,andtheindustryrecentlyachievedapeakof31%recycledcontentinHDPEmilkbottles.

RecycledContentinHDPEMilkcontainers

In 2009, the first milk container to include up to 15% recycled High-Density Polyethylene (HDPe) was introduced. Off the back of this, The Dairy Roadmap set the ambitious target to achieve 30% by 2015, a feat that was achieved in 2014 with 31% recycled material in HDPE milk containers11.

Inthepastfewyears,therehasbeenaseverereductioninthecapacityoffood-graderecycledHDPEproducers.Asaresult,thecurrentlevelofrecycledmaterialinHDPEmilkcontainershaveregressedtoaround25%5,7 anditwillbeachallengetoachievethetargeted50%by2020.

Despitethissetback,thedairysectorremainscommittedtoreducingtheimpactthatpackagingandinparticularplastichasontheenvironment.Outsideofincreasingtherecycledcontentofmilkcontainers,asaresultofupdatedcontainerdesign,reductionsinweightandachangeinrawmaterials,weexpecttoachievethecarbonequivalentreduction.

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FOOD WASTE


•UndertheCourtauldCommitmentDairyUKpledgedin2015toreducethewasteassociatedwithfoodanddrinkmanufactureby20%between2015and2025.

•2/3rdofthefoodnotdestinedforthefinalconsumerisusedviaalternativevalorisationpathways.

•Only14%ofthefoodnotdestinedforthefinalconsumerissenttolandfillordownthedrain.

FutureTargets

•2020-20%relativereductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)inpre-primarytreatmenteffluentsince2008.

•2025-30%reductioninfoodwastefromsiteinlinewiththeEUFusionsfoodwastedefinitionsince2015.

•2025-Increaseinproductandpackagingdesignfeaturesthathelppreventconsumerfoodwaste.

TacklingfoodwastehasemergedasakeyaimofTheDairyRoadmap.In2016,roughly37%oftheproducenotdestinedforthefinalconsumermettheEUFusiondefinitionoffoodwaste,andofthis,thevastmajoritywassenttoanaerobicdigestionorbiogasproduction(23.2%),withonly14%senttolandfillordownthedrain.Theremaining63%of‘waste’wasrecoveredorrecycledviaalternativevalorisationpathwaysnamely;Animalfeed(39%),redistribution(16%)andotherby-products(8.5%)5.

BIODIVERSITY


•DairyUKBiodiversityStrategyforDairyProcessors.

FutureTargets

•2025-Dairyprocessorstoenhanceandpromoteactiontoimprovebiodiversity.

TheDairyRoadmaprecognisesthatopportunitiesforimprovementarenotlimitedtofarmsandthatactionshouldbetakenatallstagesofthesupplychaintoimprovebiodiversity.

TohelpachievethisDairyUKhasdevelopedabiodiversitystrategythatcallsondairyprocessorstorecognisetheroletheycanplayandimplementeffectiveactions.By2025processingsitesarechallengedtoimplementtheactionsofthiscommitmentandindoingenhanceandpromoteactionthatwillimprovebiodiversity.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT


•>90%oflargeprocessingsiteshaveanEnvironmentalManagementSystem(EMS)inplace.

FutureTargets

•2025-DairyindustrytodevelopandimplementanindustrystandardforEnvironmentalSustainabilitytraining.

Environmentalsustainabilityiskeytolong-termsuccessofthedairyindustryandthecontinuedprovisionofsafeandnutritiousproduceforyearstocome.

Tothisend,thedairyindustryplanstodevelopguidanceforenvironmentalsustainabilitytrainingwithinprocessingfacilitates,withtheaimtofurtherembedsustainabilityandthevaluesofTheDairyRoadmapwithintheculturesandpracticesofalldairycompanies.

The2020targetdrawsfromexternalinitiativessuchasTheCourtauldCommitment202514andchallengesdairyprocessorstoreducethefoodwasteproducedonsiteby30%from2015to2025.ThistargetalsosetsthefoundationsforthedeliveryofSDGTarget12.3whichaimsfora50%reductionby203015.

Tohelpdeliverourgoals,themeasurementandreportingoffoodwasteiscurrentlybeingreviewedwiththeaimtoprovideaconsistentapproachtotrackperformanceagainsttargets.Akeychallengemovingforwardwillbetoensurethatdairycompaniesareabletomonitorthisinformation.

Expandingtheseambitions,wehavedevelopedanewtargetthataimstotacklethesignificantchallengeofreducingfoodwasteinthehome–whichisthepointinthevaluechainwherethebiggestwastageofdairyproductsoccurs.Householdersdiscardaround370,000tonnesofmilk,cheese&yogurtannually(7-9%ofpurchases)16.Thereasonsforthisrangefromnotusingproductsintime,toservingtoomuch.

Reducingfoodwasteinthehomeisacomplexchallengeandonethatneedsactionfrommanydifferentstakeholders.Dairyprocessorshaveanimportantroletoplaybymakingitaseasyaspossibleforhouseholderstomakethemostoftheirpurchases.Theindustryhaverecentlypublishedguidance17onthetopactionstohelpreducefoodwasteinthehomethroughchangestoproducts,packaging,datelabelsandstorageadviceandwillworkwithWRAPtotracktheuptakeofgoodpracticeandtoestimatethefoodwastesavingsfromtakingtheseactions.

DefinitionofFoodWaste.

AsdefinedbyEUFusions12,“Foodwasteisanyfood,andinediblepartsoffood,removedfromthefoodsupplychaintoberecoveredordisposed(includingcomposted,cropsploughedin/notharvested,anaerobicdigestion,bio-energyproduction,co-generation,incineration,disposaltosewer,landfillordiscardedtosea)”.

Underthisdefinitionby-productsincludinganimalfeed,orfoodsentforredistributionarenotconsideredfoodwaste.BybasingtargetsontheEUFusionsfoodwastedefinitionsitesarechallengedtorecognisethefullextentofwasteandencouragedtodivertsurplusawayfromwastedisposal.ThisalsoalignswiththedefinitionsestablishedbyCourtauld2025andtheSDGChampions12.313

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DairyUKBiodiversityStrategy18

• DevelopandimplementappropriatemeasuresonsitethatmakeacontributiontoenhancingbiodiversityThesemayincludebutnotbelimitedto:

Complementaryplantingusingnativespecies;

Erectingnestingfacilitiesforbirdswherenotcontrarytofoodhygiene/safetyrequirements;

Allowingnaturalregeneration;

Theremovalofnativespecies;

Avoidanceoflightpollutioninwildlifesensitivecorridors

• Alternativelysiteswillendeavortoengageinbiodiversityprojectsintheirlocalcommunities.Thesemayincludebutnotbelimitedto:

Workingwithlocalconservationgroups/NGOS

Workingwithlocalschools(treeplanting,educationdaysetc.)

Cleanupoperationsinthelocalarea

• Moderatetheimpactsonbiodiversitywherepossibleinthewaysthatsitesuseenergyandwater,disposeofwasteandruntheirtransportoperations.


CaseStudy:

BLACKMORE VALE DAIRYTHE CHILLSTORE

In late 2016, BV Dairy opened, a 1000 pallet chillstore. The over-riding design ethos of the building was to minimise the environmental impact by challenging every design decision.

Thevolumeofthechillstorewasminimised,whilststillmaintainingasafeandefficientworkflow,byutilisingverynarrowaisle(VNA)wire-guidedforklifts.Theinsulationofthewallsandceilingwasincreasedby50%andairlockswithadditionalrapid-risedoorswereusedtoisolatethechilledenvironmentfromtheoutside.

Oncethebuildinghadbeenisolatedfromtheexternalenvironment,theinternalsourcesofheatweretackled.AllofthelightingisPIR-controlledLED,whichensurestheseareactivefortheminimumtimeandthereforeutilisethelowestamountofenergyandheat.

AlowGlobalWarmingPotential(GWP)refrigerantwasused,togetherwithsmartcontrollersthathaveenabledtheenergydemandstobeminimised.Floatingheadpressure,ECfans,invertercontrolsandliquidsub-coolersareusedonthecompressorsystems;thisensuresthatthesystemoperatesattheoptimumparametersrelativetotheambientconditionsandallowssignificantenergyreductionswhentheambienttemperatureisbelow10°C.

TheevaporatorsinsidethechillstoreincorporateECfansandsmartcontrols.Defrostintervalshavebeenminimisedandthefansstopoperatingwhentheroomtemperaturehasbeenreached.Thisreducestheenergyrequiredtooperatethefansandalsotheheatgeneratedbythefanmotors.TheentirerefrigerationsystemiscontinuouslymonitoredbyBVDairy’sSCADAsystemandfurtheroptimisationofthedefrostsetuphasbeenpossibleasaresultofthismonitoring.

Theroofofthebuildingwasoptimisedforsolarphotovoltaicpanelsfromtheoutset.ThemaximumroofareawasorientatedtowardstheSouthWest.A220kWarraywasactivatedinearly2017andthishasbeencontributing,alongsideBVDairy’sexistingCHPsetlinkedtotheanaerobicdigester,totheon-siteelectricitydemands.Overall,itisestimatedthatthechillstoreenergydemandwillbelessthantheenergygeneratedbytheroof-mountedsolarpanels,meaningthatthebuildingwillbeself-sufficientforelectricity.

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2015DairyFarmersTargets

1. 90%ofdairyfarmersareactivelynutrientmanagementplanning

2. 65%ofdairymanagedfarmlandinenvironmentalstewardshipschemes

3. 70%uptakeofwateruseefficiencymeasures

4. 10-15%ofdairyfarmersinvestigatingand/orimplementingatleastoneformofrenewableenergy

5. 50%ofdairyfarmersimplementingnewdevelopmentsand/ortechnologiestoreduceemissionsfromagriculture

6. Decliningtrendinseriouspollutionincidentson-farm

7. Dairyfarmersencouragedtocalculatecarbonfootprintsandimplementcarbonreductionplans

2020DairyFarmersTargets

1. 30%reductioninGHG(includingcarbondioxide,methaneandnitrousoxide)emissionsfromdairyfarmsbetween1990and2020

2. 70%ofnon-naturalwasteisrecycledorrecoveredasstandardpractice

3. 100%uptakeinwateruseefficiencymeasures

4. 40%ofenergyusedondairyfarmsisfromrenewableresources

Under The Dairy Roadmap dairy producers set targets for 2020 and 2025 to help demonstrate the action that is being taken on farm to help protect and minimise the impact of dairy production on the environment. The targets set included commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve energy efficiency, water usage and waste management. early indications have shown that advances are being made on a number of these targets, showing the willingness and determination of producers to achieve these environmental ambitions.

POST 2020

significant developments such as the uK’s decision to leave the European Union, our commitment to ambitious new initiatives like the Dairy Declaration and the publication of a new agricultural GHG inventory in 2018 reinforce the need to review our existing 2025 targets to ensure they remain measurable are in line with our current environmental and socio-economic commitments.

WeproposetoundertakethisreviewoverthenextcoupleofyearstoensurethatourcontributiontotheDairyRoadmapremainsambitiousandrelevanttotherangeofsustainabilitychallengesahead.

OneplatformthroughwhichthetargetswillbereviewedistheDairyEnvironmentalIssuesGroup(DEIG).AnNFUledinitiative,thisgroupwassetupin2017tohelpdrivepositivechangeandpromotetheenvironmentalachievementsofthedairysector.Thegroupmeetsatregularintervalstoidentify,discussandproposesolutionstotheenvironmentalchallengesfacingtheindustry.

2025Targets:

1. 90%ofdairyfarmersimplementingtechnologies/practicestoreduceemissionsfromagriculture

2. 85%offarmersusingexpertadvicetooptimisefeedplans,whichisdirectlylinkedtoreducedemissions

3. Dairyfarmerstoenhanceandpromoteactionbeingtakentoimprovebiodiversity

DAIRYFARMERS

3

TargetMetOnTrackFurtherWorkRequired

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CLIMATE CHANGE & ENERGY


•24%declineinGHGemissionsassociatedwiththeproductionofmilkbetween1990and2015.

•70%ofdairyfarmerscurrentlytakeactiontoreduceGHGemissions.

•43%ofdairyfarmerscurrentlyproduceoruserenewableenergy.

FutureTargets

•2020–30%reductioninGHG(includingcarbondioxide,methaneandnitrousoxide)emissionsfromdairyfarmsbetween1990and2020.

•2020-40%ofenergyusedondairyfarmsisfromrenewableresources.

•2025-90%ofdairyfarmersimplementingtechnologies/practicestoreduceemissionsfromagriculture

•2025-85%offarmersusingexpertadvicetooptimisefeedplans,whichisdirectlylinkedtoreducedemissions

Underthe2008ClimateChangeActtheUKpledgedtoareductionof80%ingreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsby2050(comparedto1990levels).Theagriculturalsectorasawholehasalargeroleinmeetingthesetargetsanddairyfarmersareplayingtheirpart.

In2015,agricultureaccountedfor9.4%oftotalUKemissionsofgreenhousegases,aslightriseinthe7%reportedin1990.Despitetheproportionalrise,absoluteGHGemissionsfromagriculturehavedecreasedbyapproximately16%since199019.MorespecificallytheUKdairysectorwasresponsiblefor30%and28%ofagriculturalGHGemissionsin1990and2015respectively.In2015GHGemissionsfromtheUKDairysectorhaddecreasedby24%since199020.

Asof2017,70%ofdairyfarmersaretakingactiontoreduceGHGswithalmost90%oftheseconsideringitgoodbusinesspracticetodoso23.Keyactionsbeingtakenbyfarmersinclude:

• Energyefficiency:76%ofdairyfarmersareimprovingenergyefficiencytoreduceGHGsand45%areintendingtoinvestmoreinenergyefficiency23.

• Nutrientmanagement:Almostthree-quartersofdairyfarms(equivalenttoover80%ofthedairyacreage)haveanutrientmanagementplanandnearly90%havemanuremanagementplan.72%areimprovingnutrientapplicationefficiency23.

• Feedplanningandmanagement:80%ofdairyfarmersalways(>60%)orveryoftenusearationformulationprogrammeortakenutritionaladvicefromanexpertwhenplanninglivestockfeedingregimes23.By2025wewanttosee85%offarmersusingexpertadvicetooptimisefeedplanssothereremainsworkforustodointhisarea.

• RenewableEnergy:Renewablesaccountfornearlyone-thirdofUKelectricityproduction,andNFUexpertsestimatethatfarmersownorhost70%oftheUK’ssolarpowercapacityandoverhalfofallanaerobicdigesters,aswellasthemajorityofwindpower.Asof201743%ofdairyfarmersproduceoruserenewableenergyforself-supplyorforexport.Thisisabovetheindustry-wideaverageof39%24.

CarbonFootprinting

In 2010, AHDB Dairy and Dairy UK worked in collaboration with the Carbon Trust to develop guidelines for carbon footprinting within the United Kingdom21. These guidelines were designed to help those involved at all stages of the supply chain understand the importance of carbon footprinting and provide a common approach for the dairy sector.

ThismethodologywasusedbyAHDBDairyaspartofathree-yearcarbonfootprintingstudy(2011-2013)whichaimedtoprovidearobustandexternallyverifiedcarbonfootprintingforBritishmilk.Overthecourseofthreeyears,theaverageon-farmcarbonfootprintfellby8.1%22.

< 20 | 21 >

CaseStudy:

RENEWABLE ENERGY USE ON FARM

The Gilman family run a dairy herd of 200 cattle alongside a small arable operation on 160 acres of tenanted land in staffordshire.

TechnologyImplementedandNecessaryinvestment: In2012theGilman’sinstalledamedium-sizedwindturbinetomeetsomeoftheirbusinessenergyneedsandtoprovideanadditionalsourceofincomefromexportedelectricity.

The50-kilowattEndurancewindturbineissituated300metresfromthefarmhouse,fromwhereitcanbarelybeheard.Therewereafewlocalobjectionstoitsinstallationbutplanningfortheturbinewasapprovedwithoutdifficulty,althoughanupgradedelectricitypoletransformerwasanunexpectedcost.

AlthougheligibleforsupportundertheUKGovernmentFeed-InTariffscheme,bankfinancealsotooksometimetoagree,sinceastenantstheGilman’sdonotowntheirfarmland.

Inadditiontotheturbine,thefamilyhaveinvestedina90-kilowattbiomasslogburnertoheatthefarmhouse,whichisdividedintotwoindependentfamilydwellings.TheheatingsystemwasbackedbytheGovernmentRenewableHeatIncentiveProgrammeandHomegrownandpurchasedfeedstock.

Impact:Overthepast6yearsonethirdoftheoutputfromtheGilman’sturbinehasbeenusedtopowermilkingmachineryandotheron-sitefarmdemandswiththeremainderbeingexportedtothelocalelectricitynetwork.

Industryexpertsestimatethatover800turbinesofthistypehavebeeninstalledacrosstheUK.Onanannualbasiseachoneproducespowerequivalenttotheneedsof35-50households.

Everyyear,theGilman’sparticipateinOpenFarmSunday,wheretheturbineattractsconsiderablepublicinterestasalocallandmark.


CaseStudy:

AIC FEED ADVISOR REGISTER

The AIC Feed Adviser Register (FAR) was set up in 2013 by AIC and the feed sector in response to Governments’ commitment and industry and consumer demands to reduce emissions from farmed livestock. With Government committed to greenhouse gas reduction, initiatives such as the register allow the agricultural sector to take its own positive steps to reduce emissions through a framework which is both practical and suitable for the industry.

TheRegister:Tobecomeregistered,feedadvisersneedtodemonstratetheirknowledgeinareasofanimalnutrition,welfare,feedingefficiencyandanimalhealthwiththecompletionofFARModule1and2.WiththelaunchofFARModule3,feedadviserswillalsoreceivetrainingonEnvironmentalPolicyandthepracticalwaystomitigateemissionsonfarm.

Theregisterallowsfeedadviserstoreceiverecognitionoftheirprofessionalexpertiseandexperienceinprovidinghighqualityadvicewhilstgivingfarmerstheassurancethatadvisersarecompetentandprovideadvicewhichtakesintoaccountbothfarmbusinessneedsandenvironmentalconsiderations

Goodfeedadvicecanhelpincreaseyield,improvefertilityandcowwelfare,loweremissionsofmethaneandammonia,reduceexcretionsofproteinandhelpsavemoneythroughidentifyingbuyingopportunitiesandutilizingfarmgrownfeedeffectively.

WithDefraidentifyingknowledgetransferasakeyelementinreducingGHGemissions,thefeedindustry,throughimpartingbestpracticeadvicewithrespecttoanimalnutrition,hasacentralroletoplayinreducingtheGHGfootprintonfarm.

Asofthe13thMarch2018therewere1101registeredfeedadvisersand42%ofthosesigneduptotheregisterspecialiseincattle25.

“ The Feed Adviser Register is valuable, not just to the farmer but to the nutritionist as well. there’s a lot of trust and financial reliance on feed advisers as well as the health and welfare of the cows. The FAR helps provide farmers with the confidence that they will receive professional advice when advisers first come out onto farm.”

SAMDICKINSONLancashireDairyFarmer

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WATER


•In2012,78%offarmersimplementedwaterefficiencymethods(58%in2010).

•NutrientandManuremanagementplansareheldby73%and89%ofdairyholdingrespectively,helpingtominimisewaterpollution.

FarmerTargets

•2020–100%takeofwateruseefficiency

Onfarms,thenecessityofwaterforanimalwelfareanddairyhygieneintroduceuniquechallenges.Nonetheless,overthepasttenyearstherehasbeenaphenomenalriseinthenumberofdairyfarmersmonitoringwateruse.

Between2010and2012thenumberoffarmersimplementingwaterefficiencymeasuresrosefrom58%to78%.Popularmeasuresinclude:

• Rainwatercollection,

• Reusingwaterfromplatecoolers

• Diversifyingwatersuppliese.g.throughusingaboreholeorpumpingwaterfromalocalwatersource26

Theindustrycontinuestomakeimprovementsandencouragefurthermeasurestobetakeninlinewiththe2020targetsandthemajorityofdairyholdingsnowincorporatesomeformofwaterefficiencymeasuresasstandardpractice.

< 24 | 25 >


Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatitwouldbeusefulfordairyproducerstobenchmarkwateruseinthefuturetojudgetheeffectivenessofwaterconservingpracticesagainsttheirownpastperformanceortheperformanceofotherdairyfarms27.

TheDairyRoadmaphaschampionedslurryasavaluableresourcethatthrougheffectivemanagementisabletoreturnvitalnutrientsandorganicmatterbacktothesoil.Asof2017,73%ofdairyfarmershadadoptednutrientmanagementplans(risingfrom60%in2009).

Goodnutrientmanagementhelpstoreducediffusewaterpollution.Industryinitiatives,suchasTried&Tested,havebeensetupwithsupportfromCatchmentSensitiveFarmingtohelpfarmersimprovenutrientmanagementplanningthroughtheuseofaspecifictoolkit.Thistoolkitprovidesapracticalwaytoplanandrecordnutrientuseandofferadvicetohelpfarmersmeetregulatoryrequirements.

From2April2018newrulesforallfarmersinEnglandwereintroducedtohelpprotectwaterquality“bystandardisinggoodfarmpracticesthatmanyarealreadyperformingandofferinganewapproachtoregulation.”34.Therulesweredrawnupwithfarmingandenvironmentstakeholderstorecogniseandbuildonthegoodprogressthatmanyfarmershavealreadymadeintacklingwaterpollution.Theyrequirefarmerstokeepsoilontheland,matchnutrientstocropandsoilneedsandkeeplivestockfertilisersandmanuresoutofthewater–requirementswhichmanyUKdairyfarmersarealreadymeeting.

POLLUTION INCIDENCES

Between2008and2014therewasa23%dropinpollutionincidencesinthedairysector.Incidencesofpollutionarestronglyinfluencedbyweatherconditions.Poorweatherputspressureonslurrystorecapacityandlimitsspreadingopportunities.Aprolongedperiodoflowmilkpriceinrecentyearshasalsorestrictedfarmers’abilitytoinvestinthenecessaryslurrystoreimprovementsandspreadingequipmentthathelpstoreducepollutionincidences. Farmersareincorporatinganumberofmeasurestohelpmitigatepollutiononfarm.Theseinclude:

• Theuseoflowemissionmanureandslurryspreadingequipment-theRDPECountrysideProductivitySchemeincludedgrantfundingforbestpracticeapplicationequipment

• Coveringslurrystores

• Usingslurryseparatorstoseparatesolidsandliquids

• Upgradingslurrystores

• Manuremanagementplanning-In201590%ofdairyfarmershadtakenupmanuremanagementplans.

ArecentmeetingoftheDairyEnvironmentalIssueGroupsetoutanumberofkeyasksofgovernmenttohelpreducepollutionincidencesfurther.Thiscouldbedonethrough:

• Theprovisionofsupporttoenablefarmerstoimproveandexpandcurrentslurrystoragetopreventoverflowandpressuretospreadatinopportunetimese.g.ataxreliefonfarmbuildings

• Anendtofarmingbysetdates.NitrateVulnerableZoneclosedperiodsmaybeexacerbatingpollutionincidencesasfarmersstruggletospreadslurrywithintheallotteddates

• Accesstovolatilitytoolsandbettermarketdatatohelpfarmersmanageproductionandmitigatetheeffectsoffluctuatingmilkpricestoallowthemtomaintainaprofitable,productivebusinessandmakenecessaryinvestments


CaseStudy:

DIVERSIFIED WATER SOURCE

The Harvey brothers run a 180 cow dairy herd with 180 followers on approximately 400 acres in Cornwall.

Background:Thefarmcurrentlyutilisesasignificantamountofmainswater,toppedupwithwellwaterandspringwater,forlivestockwhichhavepreviouslyhadaccesstotheRiverOtterytosupplementtheirdrinking.Thisalongsiderisingwatercostsmeantthatthefarmwaslookingtohavetospendnearly£12,000perannumonwater.

Thereisagoodflowofwaterfromariverthatflowsthroughtheproperty.Unfortunatelytheriverissomedistancefromthedairywhichisalso30metreshigherthantheriver.Livestockcoulddrinkfromtheriverbutthiscausespollutionandriverbankerosion.

Havingrecentlyembarkeduponariverfencingschemetoreducepotentialerosionandcontaminationofthewatercourse,thefarmdecidedtoseekamoreenvironmentallyandcosteffectivesolutiontoreducetheirwatercosts.

HavingcontactedWaterPoweredTechnologies,whodesignandmanufactureZeroEnergyWaterPumps,theydecidedtoinstallaPapaPumpsystemwhichwillprovidetheirlivestockwateringneedswithouttheuseoffuelorelectricity,thereforereducingtheemissionofgreenhousegasesandenhancingthefarm’ssustainableobjectives.

ThePump:TheFarmisinstallinga6PumpZeroEnergyHydroRamSystemfromWaterPoweredTechnologies.ThePapaPumpsworkinparalleltodelivertherequiredwatertoastoragetankforgravityfeedingthroughoutthefarm.ThesystemwillbeinstalledbythefarmerwiththehelpofcontractorIvorBayley.Setagainsttheannualwaterbill,itwillprovideareturnoninvestmentwithin2years.ThePumpsystemwilldeliver16m³ofwaterperdayto12troughsviaastoragetank

Benefits:Thissystemwillusethe(free)naturalwaterresource,deliveringthewaterdirectlytothelivestockandeliminatingtheneedtomoveanimalsfordrinking.Itwillalsoallowtherivertobefencedofftokeeptheanimalsoutofthestream,reducingpollution,improvingthewaterqualityandcomplyingwithwaterqualityguidelines.Thetotalsystemisexpectedtocostcirca£25,000withrunningcostsestimatedatlessthan£100p.a.

“ We considered the alternative options which were to install an electric borehole pump - but with the initial costs of the system - including filtration, on-going electricity, maintenance and pump replacement costs - it became obvious that the Papa Pumps would provide the most cost effective solution along with long term environmental benefits.”

IANHARVEYWiggatonFarm

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CaseStudy:

BLUE FLAG FARMING

the ‘Blue Flag Farming’ concept has been proposed by dairy farmers Mike Smith and William Prichard and is supported by the four main Co-operatives active in their area: First Milk, CCF39, PMr and Puffin Produce.

Theconceptadvocatesthebenefitsofa“voluntaryled”optionoverthepossibilityofdesignatingthewholeofWalesasanNVZ.UnderNVZrulesfarmersarerequiredtoimplementcertainmeasures,suchascontrolleddateslurryapplicationandincreasedstoragecapacity.Thereareconcernsthatthisapproachisnotnecessarilysuitedtotemperategrasslandareasandwouldrequirehugecapitaloutlayfromfarmerswhenpreviousdesignatedzoneshavenotalwaysbeenasuccess.

TheBlueFlagFarmingconceptaimstooffsetnitrogenlevelsthroughacollaborativeindustry-ledapproach.Thiswouldbeachievedthroughafarmercontrolledauditpartnershipworkingalongsideaccreditedfarmersandcontractors.Therewouldbetieredlevelsofengagementwitheachtieraimingtooffsetahigherpercentageofnitrogen.

FirstMilkCreameryTheprojectismodelledonthesuccessfuloffsetschemeoftheFirstMilkCreameryinHaverfordwest.Underthisschemefarmersselectfromarangeofmitigatingmeasures,theimpactofwhichcanbemodelledthroughtheADASFarmscoperModel.Thesystemisrecorded,auditedandmeetsthestrictrequirementsoftheEnvironmentalPermittingRegulationsandHabitatsRegulations.Onaverage,eachofthe24participatingfarmersarereportedlysavingatonofnitratefromenteringtheMilfordHavenwaterway.

CurrentStatus:FollowingthepresentationoftheconcepttoWelshcabinetSecretaryLeslieGriffiths,investigationisunderwayonhowtheBlueFlagFarmingcouldpotentiallybedeliveredacrossthewholeofWalesandineverysector.

Commentingontheproject,dairyfarmerMichaelSmithsaid:“Ithinkthisrepresentsagreatopportunityforfarmerstotakeownershipoftheperceivedproblemofwaterquality,todeliveranimprovedpublicperceptionandunderstandingofthepositivecontributionthatagriculturemakestowaterquality,inauniquelybespoke,andmeasuredresponse,thatcanberecognisedbythepublic,theregulators,Governmentandourpeers.Thiswouldallbeachievedwhilstbuildingamoreefficientandresilientsectortohandontofuturegenerations.

Picture:2options:genericdairyfarmorWelshpicture

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WASTE & RECYCLING


•85%ofdairyholdingscurrentlytakingactiontoreduceGHGemissionsarerecyclingwastematerialfromfarm.

•FarmersarerequiredtouseregisteredwastecarriersundertheRedTractorAssuranceScheme.

FarmerTargets

•2020-70%ofnon-naturalwasteisrecycledorrecoveredasstandardpractice.

The2006WasteManagementRegulationsmeantthatagriculturalandhorticulturalwastesarenowclassifiedas‘controlledwastes’,sothedisposaloffarmwastebyburningorburyingisprohibitedunlesstheactivityislicensed/permittedorexemptfromlicensing.Sincethisregulationcameintoforcetherehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofrecyclingcompaniesoperatingonfarmstoremoveandrecyclewastematerials28.

The2017FarmPracticeSurveyreportedthat85%ofdairyholdingswhoarecurrentlytakingactiontoreducegreenhousegasemissionsarerecyclingwastematerialfromfarmand59%ofalldairyholdingsarerecyclingwaste23.

SincethistargetwassetRedTractorstandardshavechangedtorequirememberstouseregisteredwastecarriers.Duetotheindependentnatureofwastecarriersitisdifficulttoacquireaccurate,comprehensivedataonthenumberoffarmholdingschoosingtorecycleorrecovertheirwaste.However,industryexpertsbelievetheamountofwastebeingrecoveredfromfarmsbywastecarriershasincreased.

Followingindustrylobbying,governmentiscurrentlyconsideringastudytolookatwastedisposalonfarms.Thisstudywouldprovidetheevidencetosupportexpertbeliefthatthistargetwillbemetby2020.

BIODIVERSITY


•Atitspeak70%ofagriculturallandwasinagri-environmentalstewardshipsschemes.

•UndertheCampaignfortheFarmedEnvironment30,000kmofhedgerowsand37,000kmofgrassmarginshavebeenplanted.

•2025-Dairyfarmerstoenhanceandpromoteactionbeingtakentoimprovebiodiversity.

Biodiversityhastheabilitytoimprovefarmproductivitythroughthebenefitsitprovidesfromaproperlyfunctioningagro-ecologicalstructure.Thedairyindustryrecognisestheimpactitcanhaveonbiodiversityandtheimportanceofimprovingitsresiliencyinthisarea.Biodiversityisalsoanimportantsocialpatrimony,essentialinconnectingpeopletothelandandimprovingtheaestheticvalueofthelandscape.

Atitspeakin2013,70%ofagriculturallandwasinagri-environmentalstewardship10.However,morerecentenvironmentalschemeshavebeennarrowlytargetedandhavenotincludedmeasurewhicharesuitablefororaccessibletodairyfarmers,makingitextremelydifficultforfarmerstoparticipate.Itisessentialthatafutureagri-environmentschemeisaccessibletoallandtakesintoaccountbusinessproductivityasakeydriverofenvironmentalgainsonfarm.

InEngland,theCampaignforFarmedEnvironment(CFE),anindustry-ledpartnershipwhichaimstoimprovetheenvironmentalconditionofagriculturalhabitatsandlandscapes,encouragesfarmerstoprotectsoilandwaterwhilstimprovingbiodiversity,waterandsoilalongsideproductiveagriculture.In2014/15therewere260,000hectaresmanagedvoluntarilyunderCFEmeasures30.30,00kmofhedgeshavealsobeenplantedorrestoredprovidinghabitatandshelterforwildlifewhilst37,000kmofgrassmarginshavebeenimplementedwhichhelppreventpollutionofwaterandprotecthedgerows31.

ThisFebruarysawthefifthannualBigFarmlandBirdCount(BFBC)organisedbytheGame&WildlifeConservationTrustinpartnershipwithFWAG,LEAFNFUandCLA.Over1000farmerstookpart,twiceasmanyparticipantsthanin2014.121speciesofbirdwererecordedacross950,000acres.52%ofthosetakingpartinthecountwerelivestockfarmersand41%ofparticipantsprovidedsomeformofextraseedfeedforwildbirds.

Theassessmentofbiodiversityiscomplexandhighlycontext-dependent.Assuchcollectingaccuratedataandmonitoringimprovementscanbeachallengingtask.Nonetheless,TheDairyRoadmap,inalignmentwithnationalandglobalinitiativesandcommitments,iseagertoexplorehowtheindustrycaneffectivelymonitortheuptakeofpracticesthatcontributetoimprovingbiodiversityalongsidemaintainingproductivefarmbusinesses.

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CaseStudy:

BIODIVERSITY ON FARM

The Barrow family run a 256-acre dairy and sheep farm in Cumbria’s eden Valley. through First Milk, 90% of the farm’s milk supply is bought by Nestlé to go into the Dalston factory.

PaulBarrowisathird-generationfarmerwhoselandboastsredsquirrelsandariverdesignatedaSiteofSpecialScientificInterest(SSSI)asahabitatforrarewhiteclawedcrayfish.

Alongsidehisfatheranduncle,Paulspenttheendof2017plantingwildlife-attractinghedgerows.Inreturn,theystartedtheNewYearwithasustainabilitybonusfromNestlé.

TheNestlesustainabilitybonusisaresponsebytheworld’slargestfoodcompanytogrowingpressuresonthenaturalcapitalwhichunderpinsitsbusiness.TheaimistomaintainthelongtermsustainabilityoftheNestlemilksupplywhilstensuringthefinancialandenvironmentalresilienceofitssuppliers.

AllNestlé’sUKdairyfarmsuppliers,producing1percentofthenation’smilk,areinvolvedintheschemeandreceiveper-litrepricepremiumsfortakingpracticalmeasuresthatenhancebiodiversityandprotectwatercourses.Asnotallmeasuresaresuitableoneveryfarm,farmerscanchoosefromamenuofmeasurestofindonethatfitstheirbusinessmodel.

SpeakingabouttheschemePaulsaid:

< 32 | 33 >


“It’s a win–win all round. the sustainability bonus covers the investment we make in planting new hedgerows, and the hedgerows protect against sediment run-off into our stream and potential disease spread as well as attracting all kinds of wildlife and nesting birds.”


SOIL QUALITY


•85%ofdairyfarmersregularlytestsoilfornutrientcontentand88%forpHlevel.

•NutrientandManuremanagementplansareheldby73%and89%ofdairyholdingrespectively.

•81%ofdairyfarmerstakeactiontoreducestockingrateswhenfieldsareexcessivelywet.

Soildegradationinvolvesboththephysicalloss(erosion)andthereductioninqualityoftopsoilassociatedwithnutrientdeclineandcontamination.Itaffectssoilqualityforagricultureandhasimplicationsfortheurbanenvironment,pollutionandflooding.Currently,2.2milliontonnesoftopsoiliserodedannuallyintheUKandover17%oflandinEnglandandWalesshowssignsoferosion32.

OneoftheaimsofDefra’s25YearEnvironmentPlanisforallofEngland’ssoilstobemanagedsustainablyby203033.TheplansetsstrategiestoimprovesoilqualityintheUKthroughfocusingondevelopingbetterinformationonsoilhealth,tacklingtheproblemofsoildegradationthroughupdatingguidanceoncropestablishmentand

AIR QUALITY

•Ammoniaemissionsfromagriculturedecreasedby20%between1990and201436.

•TheUKmetitstargetsetundertheNationalEmissionCeilingsDirectivetoreduceammoniaemissionsfrom2005levelsby2010andhascommittedtoreducingammoniaemissionsby8%by2020and16%by2030.

Therehasbeenalong-termdeclineinairpollutionintheUKandwiththe2015emissionsofallpollutantscontinuedtodecrease(exceptforammoniaandPM2.5)

In2014itwasshownthatthroughchangesinlivestocknumbers,productionlevelsandmanagementpractices,includingtheapplicationoflessinorganicfertiliser,ammoniaemissionsinagriculturehadreducedby20%since199036.

Practiceswhichareusedondairyfarmstohelpmitigateammoniaemissionsinclude:

• Theuseoflowemissionmanureandslurryspreadingequipment

• Coveringslurrystores

• Coveringsolidmanureheaps

• Washingdownyards

• Separatingslurryandurineinslurrystores

• Implementinggrooved,perforatedflooringsystems

• NutrientManagementPlanningtoensureappropriateandtimelyapplicationofslurry

tillageoptionsandimprovingsoilhealththroughthedevelopmentofasoilhealthindex.

Well-managedmanureapplicationandgrazingcanimprovethesoilhealthofpasturesandcroplands.Dairyproducersarealreadymakingstridestoimprovethequalityandstructureoftheirsoilswith81%ofdairyholdingsactivelytakingactiontoreducestockingrateswhenfieldsareexcessivelywetandover85%ofdairyfarmersreportingthattheyregularlysoiltestfornutrientandpHcontent23.

From2April2018newrulesforallfarmersinEnglandwereintroducedtohelpprotectwaterquality“bystandardisinggoodfarmpracticesthatmanyarealreadyperformingandofferinganewapproachtoregulation.”34Undertheserulesfarmersarenowrequiredtosoiltestatleastonceevery5years.TheincreaseinsoiltestingandthedevelopmentofasoilhealthindextomonitorsoilsonfarmwillhelpdrivetheimprovementofsoilqualityacrossdairyholdingsintheUK.

The25yearplansetsoutastrategytoimprovesoilhealthandreducesoildegradationthroughacombinationofguidanceandmonitoringusingasoilhealthindex33.

< 34 | 35 >

UnderTheNationalEmissionCeilingDirective,theUKhaspledgedtofurtherreduceammoniaemissionsby8%and16%by2020and2030respectively(against2005levels).Manyfarmersarealreadyemployingbestpracticemanagementmethods,anddairyproducersarestartingtotakeamoreintegratedapproachtotacklingammoniaemissionsbyfocusingnotjustonslurrystorageandspreadingbutalsolookingatfeedrations,cattlehousingfacilitiesandcroppingplans.

Asof201780%ofdairyfarmsusearationformulationprogrammeortakenutritionaladvicefromanexpert23.TheuseofAICregisteredfeedadvisersalsohelpsensurefarmersreceiveadvicewhichtakesintoaccountboththefarmbusinessneedsandenvironmentalconsiderations.

Industrystakeholders,includingtheNFU,haveworkedwithDefraonaCodeofGoodAgriculturalPracticeforReducingAmmoniaEmissionswhichsetsouthowfarmerscanfurtherminimiseammoniaemissionsinagriculturebymakingchangestolivestockfeedandhousing,manurestorageandapplicationandfertiliseruse.Thecodewillbepublishedin2018.

DAIRY ROADMAP | 10th ANNIVERSARY REPORtDAIRY ROADMAP | 10TH ANNIVERSARY REPORT

Carbonandwaterfootprint

Nutrition,soilsandemissions

Investigatingenvironmentalissuesandopportunities

Onlinetoolsand

resources

Improvingsoil,grasslandandnutrientmanagement

Developinggeneticindexes

Improvingfeedandnutrition

LEVY-FUNDEDACTIVITY

Improvinganimalhealth

andmanagement

Manuals,booklets,videos,webinars

Onlinetools

ProductivityIndex

DiseaseResistance

Feedefficiency

Welfare

Longevity

Health

Fertility

Numberofprojectsineacharea

AHDB RESEARCH ACTIVITY

Research and development is crucial to the dairy industry to increase global competitiveness and to make dairy farming more efficient and increasingly sustainable. aHDB’s levy-funded research covers a wide range of activities aimed at increasing dairy farming sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

Feedefficiencyandnutrientwastage

Foragequality

Newstrategiesandtechnologies

Slurryandfertilisersmanagement

Grasslandhealthandmanagement08

15

12

20

06

08

< 36 | 37 >


25YEPGOAL

Cleanair

Cleanandplentiful

water

Thrivingplantsand

wildlife

Reducingtherisks

ofharmfrom

environmental

hazards

Usingresources

fromnaturemore

sustainablyand

efficiently

Mitigatingand

adaptingtoclimate

change

Minimisingwaste

FARMERTARGETS

Uptakeofwaterefficiencymethods

Dairymanagedfarmlandinto

environmentalstewardshipschemes

Decliningtrendinseriouspollution

incidentson-farm

Nutrientmanagementplanning

Implementationofrenewableenergy

technologiesandanincreaseofenergy

comingfromrenewablesources

Calculationofcarbonfootprintand

implementationofcarbonreduction

plans

GHGemissionsreduction

Implementationofrenewableenergy

technologiesandanincreaseofenergy

comingfromrenewablesources

Uptakeofwaterefficiencymethods

farmersusingexpertadvicetooptimise

feedplans

Recyclingorrecoveringofnon-natural

wasteasstandardpractice

2020

2015

2015

2015

2020

2015

2020

2020

2025

2020

THE 25 YEAR ENVIRONMENT PLAN

Published in January 2018, the 25-Year Environment Plan40 presents the governments ambition to ensure the current generation “are the first to leave the environment in a better state than they inherited it” A sister document to The Clean Growth Strategy (2017)41, together they set out goals and strategies to accelerate the pace of the uK’s clean growth whilst protecting English natural capital.

Manyofthegoalsdescribedinthe25YearEnvironmentPlanarealreadyreflectedinthepastandpresenttargetsoftheDairyRoadmap.

TheDairyRoadmapprovidesanestablishedframeworkfordeliveringagainsttheaimsofthisplanfortheUKdairysector.Atruly‘livingdocument’,TheRoadmapisconstantlyreviewedandupdatedinresponseemergingissuesandchangingpoliticalfocus.ThefutureactivityoftheDairyRoadmapwill,therefore,involvefurtheralignmentwiththegoalsandstrategyofthe25-YearEnvironmentPlanandtheCleanGrowthStrategy.

NATIONAL ALIGNMENT

4

< 38 | 39 >

PROCESSORTARGETS

PhaseoutEuro4engines

EnvironmentManagementSystem

Reductionofwaterbroughtontosite

ReductioninChemicalOxygenDemand

(COD)loadindischargedeffluent

EnvironmentManagementSystem(EMS)

Improvementinenergyefficiency

Reductionofwaterbroughtontosite

EnvironmentManagementSystem(EMS)

ImplementationofaCarbon

managementprogramme

Removalofall

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs)

FTALogisticsCarbonReductionScheme

ortocommittoequivalentfuel

efficiencytargets

PhaseoutEuro4engines

Improvementinenergyefficiency

Reductionincarbon-relatedenergyuse

EnvironmentManagementSystem

Anaerobicdigestionplants

Zeroex-factorywastetolandfill

Increasedrecycledmaterialinmilk

bottles

Paper-basedcartonstobeForest

StewardshipCouncil(FSC)labelled

Alltertiarypackagingreusableor

recyclable

Reductioninfoodwaste

Improvethedesignofdairypackaging

tominimisewaste

2015

2015

2020

2020

2015

2020

2020

2015

2015

2015

2015

2015

2020

2025

2015

2015

2020

2020

2020

2020

2025

2025


WRAP

WRAP (The Waste & Resource Action Programme) work with government, business and communities to provide practical solution that will help to achieve a sustainable, and resource efficient economy44.

TheCourtauldCommitment2025

TheCourtauldCommitment202545,isagovernmentsupportedvoluntaryagreementledbyWRAPtotacklewasteinthefoodanddrinksector.Launchedin2015,underthisvoluntaryagreementDairyUKandanumberofdairyprocessorshavepledgedtheircommitmenttomakefoodanddrinkproductionmoresustainableandreducetheresourcesrequiredtoproducefoodanddrinkby20%between2015and2025.Inordertoachievethisithasbeencalculatedthatby2025theentirefoodanddrinksectormustmeetthefollowingtargets:

• 20%reductioninfood&drinkwastearisingintheUK

• 20%reductioninGHGintensityoffood&drinkconsumedintheUK

• Businesssignatoriesaremonitoringwateruseintheirownoperationsandhaveimprovedefficiency

• Businesssignatoriesareparticipatingincollectiveactiontoimprovethequalityandavailabilityofwaterinkeysourcingareas

AllthreeofthesetargetsarecoveredbytheDairyRoadmap,andinthecaseoffoodanddrinkwaste,dairyprocessorsaimtogoevenfurtherandachievea30%reductionby2025.Toaidinthedeliveryofthesetargets,WRAPhassetupaDairyWorkingGroupinassociationwithDairyUKtotargetwastehotspotsacrossthesupplychain.

TheUKPlasticPact

TheDairyRoadmapalsoacknowledgestherecentlaunchofTheUKPlasticsPact,whichestablishesacollaborativeagreementsupportedbygovernmenttotransformtheUKplasticpackagingsectorandpreventplasticsfrompollutingtheenvironment.

TheDairyRoadmaphaslongsettargetsthataimtoreducetheimpactthatplasticandotherpackaginghasontheenvironment.MovingforwardweplantoextendthesefollowingtheexamplesetbyTheUKPlasticPactanditssignatories,pushingforhigherrecyclingrates,increasedrecycledcontent,andinnovationtoeliminateunnecessaryandproblematicpackagingwherepossible.

RED TRACTOR

Established in 2000, Red Tractor is the United Kingdom’s leading farm and quality food assurance scheme. the red tractor logo confirms the independent assessors have checked that food or drink meet the comprehensive standard set by Red Tractor from farm to fork42.

TheRedTractorcanonlybeusedonfoodthathasbeenproduced,packed,storedandtransportedtoRedTractorstandardsandtherearecurrently11,058DairyAssuredfarmersacrosstheUKrepresenting95%ofUKmilkproduction.

Thestandardscoverthefollowing:

• EnvironmentalProtection:

Theserequireafarmerto

• KeepandfollowaManureManagementPlanwhenapplyingmanure/slurrytotheland

• Storeorganicmaterialinamannerthatminimisesriskofcontaminationandpollution

• Usefertiliserandsoilimprovementproductswhicharesuitablefortheirintendedpurpose

• Applyfertilisersinamannerthatminimisestheriskofcontaminationorpollution

• Maintainfertiliserapplicationequipment

ManyofthestandardrequiredofdairyfarmersbyRedTractoralignwiththeaimsofTheDairyRoadmapandaselectionofthesehavebeenintegratedintoourProcessorTargets43.

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The global dairy sector provides nutritious and healthy food, as well a source of income or livelihood to billions of people all around the world. Similarly, the environmental challenges associated with the production of milk and dairy products are shared the world over.

ThroughTheDairyRoadmap,theUKdairyindustryrecognisestheprofoundimportancethatinternationalcollaborationandalignmentwithglobalinitiativesplayinaddressingthesechallengesanddrivingforwardaglobaldairyindustrythatwillprovideasourceofsafe,nutritiousandsustainabilityforyearstocome.

TheDairyRoadmaphasjoinedwithstakeholdersfromacrosstheinternationaldairycommunityinendorsingtheDairyDeclarationofRotterdamandcontinuestosupportthedevelopmentoftheDairySustainabilityFrameworkanditsaimtoprovideaunifiedframeworkforsustainabilitymonitoringaroundtheworld.

Launched in 2009, the Dairy Sustainbility Framework (DSF) sets out a vision for a dairy sector that is continuously committed to the provision of safe and nutritious products from healthy cattle, whilst also preserving natural resources, minimising environmental impact, and ensuring a livelihood across the sector 47.

TheDairySustainabilityFrameworkestablished11GlobalCriteriathattogetherdefinetheaspirationsforimprovementacrossthedairysector.Recognisingthevarietyoftheglobaldairysector,individualmembersarefreetoprioritisethesecriteriaandimplementinitiativesthatdeliverthestrategicintentforthosecriteria.AtpresenttheDairyRoadmapdirectlyrelatestosixofthesecriteria:

• Greenhousegasemissions:GHGemissionsacrossthefullvaluechainarequantifiedandreducedthroughalleconomicallyviablemechanisms.

• SoilNutrients:Nutrientapplicationismanagedtominimiseimpactsonwaterandair,whilemaintainingandenhancingsoilquality.

• Waste:Wastegenerationisminimisedand,whereunavoidable,wasteisreusedandrecycled.

• Water:Wateravailability,aswellaswaterquality,ismanagedresponsiblythroughoutthedairyvaluechain.

• Soil:Soilqualityandretentionisproactivelymanagedandenhancedtoensureoptimalproductivity.

• Biodiversity:Directandindirectbiodiversityrisksandopportunitiesareunderstood,andstrategiestomaintainorenhanceitareestablished.

TheDairyRoadmapfullysupportstheDairySustainabilityFrameworkandsharesitsbeliefthat“sustainabilityisajourneyandnotadestination”.Atpresent,theDairyRoadmaprecognisesthisbeliefbysettingtargetsforcontinuousimprovement,butwearecommittedtotakingthisfurther.

AspartofthefuturedevelopmentoftheDairyRoadmapwearecurrentlyexploringoptionsforfurtherintegrationoftheDSFmonitoringandreportingframeworks,aswellasgreateralignmentwiththe11GlobalCriteriaincludingthosenotcurrentlycoveredbyTheDairyRoadmap,namely;MarketDevelopment,RuralEconomies,WorkingConditions,ProductSafety&QualityandAnimalCare.

GLOBAL ALIGNMENT

5

THE DAIRY SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK

< 42 | 43 >


THE DAIRY DECLARATION OF ROTTERDAM

Signed in 2016 by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Dairy Federation (IDF), The Dairy Declaration of Rotterdam is a landmark partnership that aims to help deliver the United Nation 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and recognises the role the dairy sector can play in securing a sustainable and prosperous future48.

TheDairyDeclarationacknowledgesthepositivecontributionthatdairymakestocountries’

THE DAIRY ROADMAP & THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Under the Dairy Roadmap, the UK dairy industry has already taken great strides towards delivering the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, through the development of targets aimed at minimising the environmental footprint associated with the production and processing of milk and other dairy products.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL

TheUKdairysectorplaysakeyroledomesticallyandgloballyinsecuringeconomicsecuritythushelpingtowardsthegoalofzeropoverty.10%oftheglobalpopulationdirectlydependsondairyfarming,andmilkanddairyproductsaccountfor14%ofglobalagriculturaltrade49.

TheUKdairysectoristhe3rdlargestproducerofmilkintheEuropeafterGermanyandFrance,andthe10thlargestglobally50.Itemploysaround70,000people(50,000onfarm,andafurther23,000employedbyprocessors51.Dairyrepresents14.8%ofthevalueofagriculturalproduceintheUK.Itaccountsforanestimated£8.8billioninsalesatwholesale.Increasingtoanaggregateof£27.8billiononceindirectandinducedmultiplierimpactsaretakenintoaccount51.

ThedairyindustryplaysakeyroleinhelpingtofeedtheUKpopulation.Milkandmilkproductsarenutrient–richandprovidesignificantamountsofprotein,calcium,iodine,phosphorus,B12andB2totheBritishdiet52.

ThroughTheDairyRoadmap,theUKdairysectorhascommittedtoimproveitsenvironmentalfootprintandensuretheprovisionofsafe,nutritiousanddeliciousdairyproductsforyearstocome.

Womenplayavitalintheglobaldairysector,andtheproductionofmilkprovidesavitalpathwaytopromotingfemaleempowermentandgenderequality,especiallyinruralareas.

Acrosstheworld,anestimated37milliondairyfarmsarefemaleheaded,withwomendirectlyowningdairycowsin25%ofcattlekeepinghouseholds.Morebroadlyitisestimatedthataround80millionwomenacrosstheglobeengagedindairyfarmingtosomeextent49.

AsrecognisedbyTheDairyDeclaration,thedairysectoralsohasavitalroletoplayinthedeliveryofSDGsrelatingtonutrition,healthypopulationsandpovertyalleviation.AlthoughnotcurrentlycoveredbythetargetsofTheDairyRoadmap,theseremainofparamountimportancetotheUKdairysector.

AsTheDairyRoadmapdevelopsweintendtoexpandourreachbeyondsimplytheenvironmental,drivingforsustainablechangeinallaspectsofthedairyindustry.

THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

During the United Nations Assembly in 2015, 193 member countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) signalling a global commitment to end poverty, protect the plant and end inequality by 2030.

Itisclearthatthedairysectorhasaroletoplayindeliveringanumberofgoalsaroundnutrition,healthypopulations,ahealthyplanet,andhelpingtoliftpeopleoutofpoverty.

“ We are proud that the UK as a leading dairy producing nation is endorsing the Dairy Declaration. We are an innovative industry with a deep commitment to environmental good practice and nutritional benefit. We can take pride in the fact that our nutritious products can play such an important part in meeting global sustainability and nutritional responsibilities and ambitions.”

PAULVERNONChairmanoftheDairyRoadmap

economies,theessentialroleofdairyinabalanceddiet,andthepartthatthedairyindustrycanplayintacklingenvironmentaldegradationandclimatechange49.

InOctober2017theUnitedKingdomrepresentedbyTheDairyRoadmapSteeringGroup(DairyUK,theNFUandAHDB)joinedover20countriesaroundtheworldinendorsingTheDairyDeclarationofRotterdam.Indoingso,TheDairyRoadmapreaffirmeditscommitmenttothedeliveryoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsandtocreatingasustainabledairyindustryworldwide.

< 44 | 45 >


Improvementsinwater-useefficiencyandwaterquality,aswellasreductionsinwaterbornepollution,havebeentargetedintheDairyRoadmapsince2008.

TheDairyRoadmaphaslongchampionedtheuseofrenewableenergysources,energyefficiencyanddecarbonisation,withfarmersandprocessorssurpassingthetargetsset.

Target8.4aimstoimproveglobalresourceefficiencyanddecoupleeconomicgrowthfromenvironmentaldegradation.Thisalignswithanumberofdairyroadmaptargetswhichaimtominimisewaste,andpromoteclosed-looporcircularsystems.

Thisgoalrecognisesthatinvestmentandinnovationareoftenkeytofindingsolutionstoeconomicandenvironmentalchallenges.ThemessageisechoedbyTheDairyRoadmap.

2015 Nutrientmanagementplanning

2015 Decliningtrendinseriouspollutionincidentson-farm

2020 Uptakeofwaterefficiencymethods

2020 Implementationofrenewableenergytechnologiesandanincreaseofenergycomingfromrenewablesources

2020 Recyclingorrecoveringofnon-naturalwasteasstandardpractice


FARMERTARGETSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOAL

Thesustainableconsumptionofresources,thereductionoffoodwaste,andresponsiblepackagingareallkeygoalsoftheDairyRoadmap.

Despitecontributingonly2.7%ofglobalGHGemissions53,TheDairyRoadmapchallengestheUKdairysupplychaintotakeactionagainstclimatechangebyloweringemissions,improvingenergyefficiency,andadoptingrenewableandemissionlimitingtechnologiesandpractices.

ThroughthedairyRoadmaptheUKdairyindustryiscommittedtoreducingtheimpactitswasteandinparticularplasticpackaginghasonmarineecosystems.



2020 Uptakeofwaterefficiencymethods.

2020 Recyclingorrecoveringofnon-naturalwasteasstandardpractice

2015 Calculationofcarbonfootprintandimplementationofcarbonreductionplans

2020 GHGemissionsreduction




2015 EnvironmentManagementSystem

2015 Anaerobicdigestionplants

2015 PaperCartonstoForestStewardshipcouncil(FSC)labelled

2020 Improvementinenergyefficiency

2020 Reductionofwaterbroughtontosite

2020 Zeroex-factorywastetolandfill

2020 Increasedrecycledmaterialinmilkbottles

2020 Alltertiarypackagingreusableorrecyclable

2025 Reductioninfoodwaste

2025 improvethedesignofdairypackagingtominimisewaste

2017 ImplementationofaCarbonmanagementprogramme

2015 RemovalofallHydrochloro-fluorocarbons(HCFCs)

2015 FTALogisticsCarbonReductionSchemeortocommittoequivalentfuelefficiencytargets

2015 PhaseoutEuro4engines


2025 Reductionincarbon-relatedenergyuse

2020 ReductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)loadindischargedeffluent.


2025 Improvethedesignofdairypackagingtominimisewasteandmaximiserecyclability

FARMERTARGET PROCESSORTARGETSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOALPROCESSORTARGET


2020 Reductionofwaterbroughtontosite

2020 ReductioninChemicalOxygenDemand(COD)loadindischargedeffluent



2015 RemovalofallHydrochloro-fluorocarbons(HCFCs)


2025 Reductionincarbon-relatedenergyuse



2020 Increasedrecycledmaterialinmilkbottles

2020 Alltertiarypackagingreusableorrecyclable

2025 Improvethedesignofdairypackagingtominimisewaste



2015 IncreaseduseofAnaerobicdigestionplants

< 46 | 47 >


Over the past decade, The Dairy Roadmap has led the global dairy industry in promoting environmental best practice, and in setting targets for improvement throughout the entire UK dairy supply chain.

Thisreporthighlightsthetremendouseffortandcommitmentsthathavebeenmadesofartoimproveefficienciesandreduceourenvironmentalfootprint,butthisenthusiasmanddedicationmustbemaintainedtoensurethatthetargetsfor2020,2025andbeyondaremet.

AsTheDairyRoadmapmarksits10thanniversary,weremaincommittedtocontinuingthissuccessandlookforwardtoexpandingourhorizonstoalignwithnationalandglobalcommitmentstoachieveasustainablefutureforthedairysectorandtheworld.

BroaderHorizonsTheDairyRoadmapisa‘living’document,itishasevolvedandchangedsinceitsinception,andfuturetargetsareunderconstantreviewtoensurethattheindustryiscontinuouslychallengingitselfandadaptingtochangingexternalfactorsandemergingissues.

ThenaturalevolutioninTheDairyRoadmapsjourneyistheinclusionofbroaderreachingsustainabilitytargets.Inkeepingwithconvention,thisreportexpandsourhorizonsandconsiderstheextenttowhichTheDairyRoadmapalignswithexternalcommitmentssuchastheUnitedNationsSustainableDevelopmentGoals,theDairySustainabilityFrameworkandonanationallevelthe25YearEnvironmentPlan.

Whilst,itisclearthatTheDairyRoadmapchampionsthedeliveryofanenvironmentallysustainabledairyindustry,dairyalsohasavitalroletoplayinsustainabledevelopment,asalivelihood,andintheprovisionofnutritiousandhealthyfoods.Aswelooktothefuture,weplantoexpandourtargetstoreflectthisroleandtoensurethatdairycontinuestodelivernutritious,safeandsustainableproduceforyearstocome.

TheDairyRoadmapanditsTargetshavemadeanumberofcommitmentstoimprovesoilquality,restoreterrestrialecosystemsandenhancebiodiversity.

2015 Dairymanagedfarmlandintoenvironmentalstewardshipschemes


2020 Enhanceandpromoteactionbeingtakentoimprovebiodiversity

2015 Biodiversitystrategy2015 Environment

ManagementSystem2015 Papercartonsto

ForestStewardshipCouncil(FSC)labelled

2025 Enhanceandpromoteincreasedbiodiversity

THE ROADAHEAD

6

< 48 | 49 >

FARMERTARGETSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOAL PROCESSORTARGET


The Dairy Roadmap steering group sets the scope and direction for the Dairy Roadmap. The group includes members from Dairy UK, the NFU and AHDB. The steering group is responsible for agreeing and setting improvement targets at 5 year intervals and ensuring that the UK dairy industry continues to align with global best practice.

The Chairmanship of this group rotates biannually between the three members, allowing the continued management and development of the project.

DELIVERING THE DAIRYROADMAP

7REFERENCES

1. ClimateChangeAgreementBiennialReport(2017)

2. BEIS–IndustrialDecarbonisation&EnergyEfficiencyActionPlans:Food&DrinkSector

3. TheDairyRoadmapProcessorQuestionnaire

4. TheVolumetricWaterConsumptionofBritishMilkProduction.

5. DairyUKEnvironmentalBenchmarkingReport(2017)

6. Defra–Wastehierarchyguidance

7. WRAP

8. RECOUP-2017HouseholdRecyclingSurvey

9. ForestStewardshipCouncil

10.AceUK

11.TheDairyRoadmap(2015)

12.EUFUSIONS–https://www.eu-fusions.org/index.php/about-food-waste/280-food-waste-definition

13.Champions12.3-https://champions123.org/

14.CourtauldCommitment2025-http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/courtauld-commitment-2025

15.UNSustainableDevelopmentGoals

16.WRAP–HouseholdFood&DrinkWaste:AProductFocus

17.WRAP–FoodLabelling&StorageAdvicehttp://www.wrap.org.uk/food-date-labelling

18.DairyUKBiodiversityStrategy

19.2015UKGreenhouseGasEmissions,FinalFigures(DEFRA,2017)

20.GreenhouseGasandAmmoniaEmissionsfromUKAgriculture:ReportingbyAgriculturalSectorfor1990,2005and2015;FinalReportforAHDBDairy

21.GuidelinesfortheCarbonFootprintingofDairyProductsintheUK

22.AHDB–CarbonFootprintingReportYear3(2014)

23.FarmPracticessurvey.Defra,2017

24.NFUconfidencesurvey2017.Thissurveyisinits8thyearandcoversallfarmsectorsandregionsinEngland&Wales.TheresultsareweightedbasedontheDEFRA’sAgricultureSurvey

25.FeedAdviserRegisterstatistics,October2017

26.DairyCoeffectiveuseofresourcessurvey,2012

27.WaterConservationScienceandEngineering,2016

28.TheWasteManagement(EnglandandWales)Regulations,2006

29.Defra.Observatorymonitoringframeworkindicatordatasheet.2016

30.DefraCampaignfortheFarmedEnvironment–Surveyoflandmanagedvoluntarilyinthe2014/2015farmingyear(England).2015

31.Defra,briefingpack,RDPESchemesLaunch.2015.

32.EnvironmentAgency(2004)TheStateofSoilsinEngland&Wales

33.AGreenFuture:Our25YearPlantoImprovetheEnvironment,2018

34.NewFarmingRulesforWater,GOV.UK

35.NationalAtmosphericEmissionsInventory,Ammonia.http://naei.beis.gov.uk/overview/pollutants?pollutant_id=21

36.Misselbrooketal,DefraContractSCF0102;InventoryofAmmoniaEmissionsfromUKAgriculture2015;InventorySubmissionReport2016

37.OfficialJournaloftheEuropeanUnion,Directive(EU)2016/2284oftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil,December2016:onthereductionofnationalemissionsofcertainatmosphericpollutants,amendingDirective2003/35/ECandrepealingDirective2001/81/EC

38.BasedonEAreportedincidentdata,2018

39.ClynderwenandCardiganshireFarmers

40.Defra

41.BEIS

42.RedTractor-https://www.redtractor.org.uk/choose-site

43.RedTractor,http://www.assuredfood.co.uk/resources/000/965/981/DAIRY_standards_ONLINE.pdf

44.WRAP-http://www.wrap.org.uk/

45.WRAP-http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/courtauld-commitment-2025

46.WRAP-http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/the-uk-plastics-pact

47.DairySustainabilityFramework-https://dairysustainabilityframework.org/

48.IDF–DairyDeclarationofRotterdamhttp://www.dairydeclaration.org/

49.FAO–GlobalDairyFactshttp://www.dairydeclaration.org/Facts-and-Resources

50.ParliamentaryResearchBriefing–DairyIndustryintheUK:Statistics(2016)

51.DairyUKWhitePaper

52TheDairyCouncil

53FAO–Greenhousegasemissionsfromthedairysector(2010)

< 50 | 51 >


Documents

THE UK DAIRY ROADMAP · Dairy Roadmap has expanded to include all dairy products, setting new and ambitious targets that reflect the evolving environmental challenges faced by the