The Swinging Philippines

8/3/2019 The Swinging Philippines

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THE SWINGINGPHILIPPINES

The Golden Age of Philippine Culture


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Iglesia Filipina Independiente

Philippine Independent Church

Isabelo de los Reyes was one of the founders of

the church and suggested that Gregorio Aglipay

be the head of the church.

The church drew concepts of theology and worship

from the Masonic Code and much of its support and

inspiration from Miguel Morayta. Since this is a Filipino church, they canonized Jose

Rizal and the GomBurZa as saints.


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Gregorio Aglipay

Aglipay, despite his activism, was in fact a devout Catholicand decided to exhaust all means possible to reconcile withthe Roman Catholic Church and the IFI.

Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda asked Aglipay toconfront the revolutionary leaders, offering them a level ofautonomy for the Philippines if they would end the rebellion.

May 5, 1899

Archbishop Nozaleda excommunicated Aglipay from the Roman

Catholic Church since he joined the revolution and sent a letter tovarious clergy asking them to ask the Pope to appoint Filipinos inall local church positions.

He was approached by Jesuit priests, rancisco Foradada andJoaquin Villalonga. They attempted to get him to sign a

document swearing his allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church.


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Aglipay said he would sign it if the Church would continue towork towards appointing more Filipino priests.

Foradada asked him why he wanted more Filipino priests sobadly, as he felt they were inefficient and vicious; thisstatement offended Aglipay.

He severed his ties with the Roman Catholic Church despitedamage control done by the Jesuits, and accepted de losReyes' offer.

On January 18, 1903, Aglipay was appointed SupremeBishop (Obispo Maximo) of the Philippine IndependentChurch by the bishops of Manila, Cavite, Nueva Ecija,Isabela, Cagayan, Pangasinan, and Abra.


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Bernardino V.

Nozaleda O.P.The Last Spanish

Archbishop of Manila


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The Iglesia Filipina IndependienteLogo


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Rev. Gregorio Aglipay Don Isabelo de los Reyes


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Iglesia ni Cristo

Founded by Felix Manalo in 1914.

The official doctrines of the church profess that JesusChrist is the founder of the INC and that Felix Manalo

was the last messenger, sent by God to re-establish theChristian Church to its true, pristine form.

They rejected traditional Roman Catholic and Protestantdoctrines especially the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus& of the Holy Spirit.

The INC began with a handful of followers on July 27,1914 in Punta, Santa Ana, Manila; with Manalo as itshead minister.


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The Iglesia ni Cristo Logo


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Felix Manalo

Founder, Iglesia ni

Cristo


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The first Iglesia ni Cristo Temple

Santa Ana, Manila


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Daniel HudsonBurnham


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Burnhams Plan for Manila


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Kennon Road

Benguet


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Lions Head


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Art Deco

Metropolitan

Theater


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Jai Alai de Manila


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Oriente Theater

Cebu


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Capitol TheaterQuiapo, Manila


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Luneta Hotel

Before and After Restoration


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Miramar Hotel

Roxas Boulevard


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Monte de PiedadBuilding

Escolta


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Natividad Building

Escolta


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Far Eastern University


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USTM

ainBuilding


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Neoclassical

Old Legislative Building

National Museum


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Department of Agriculture

Department of Tourism


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Supreme Court


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Manila Post Office Building


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Quezon Hall

University of the Philippines


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St. La Salle Hall

De La Salle University


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Adamson University Main Building


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Literature and Language

This period was hailed as the golden age of PhilippineLiterature.

Plays, poems, and novels were mostly written in this

period. Most writers wrote mostly in English and Spanish.

The Premio Zobel founded by Don Enrique Zbel deAyala that aims to honor the best in Philippine literature

in Spanish. The Tagalog Language was made as National

Language upon the establishment of the Commonwealthof the Philippines.


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Don Enrique Zobel

de AyalaFounder, Premio Zobel


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Premio Zobel


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Lope K. Santos

Father of the Philippine NationalLanguage and Grammar.

He advocated for thedevelopment of the Tagalog

language through his work,Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa(National Language Grammar).

He wrote his novel, Banaag atSikat, it is considered as the

"Bible of working class Filipinos In this novel, he discusses the

social issues such as socialism,capitalism, and the works of theunited associations of laborers.


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Severino Reyes

He is highly acclaimed as one of thegiants of Tagalog literature of theearly 20th century.

On June 14, 1902, his theatricalcompany, Grand Compania d e

Zarzuela Tagala, staged his playWalang Sugat (No Wounds).

He co-founded the Liwayway, aTagalog literary weekly.

For many people, however, he will

alw

ays be theirLola Basyang

. He published in Liwayway his Mga

Kuwento ni Lola Basyang (Tales ofLola Basyang), a series of fairy talestories told by Lola Basyang.


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LiwaywayM

agazineNov. 13, 1931 Issue


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Walang Sugat


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Theater

The American period introduced two genre of

theater: the Sarswela and the Bodabil.

Sarswela

From the Spanish Zarzuela, it is a Spanish lyric-

dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and

sung scenes, the latter incorporating dances.

Also, sarswela tends to depict contemporary life with

mixture of mild social comment, lilting music, and earthy

humor on which a slight love story was usually made to

rest.


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Bodabil

From the American Vaudeville, it is popular genre ofentertainment in the Philippines from the 1910s until themid-1960s.

It featured a hodgepodge of musical numbers, short-formcomedy and dramatic skits, and even magic acts, oftenstaged inside the theaters of Manila.

Bodabil proved the vehicle for the popularization of musicaltrends and musicians, performance genres and performers.

The typical bodabil shows would feature a mixture ofperformances of American ballads, torch songs and bluesnumbers; dance numbers featuring tap dancers and chorusgirls and jitterbug showcases; and even the occasionalkundiman.


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List of Famous Sarswela

Severino Reyes

Walang Sugat (1902)

Juan Matapang Cruz

Hindi Aco Patay (1903)

Aurelio Tolentino

Kahapon, Ngayon atBukas (1903)

Juan Abad

Tanikalang Guinto (1902) Patricio Mariano

Anak ng Dagat (1922)


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Zorilla Theater

The birthplace of Sarswela & Bodabil


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Sarswela


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Katy de la Cruz

Premier Actress for Sarswela & Bodabil


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Honorata Atang de la Rama

Rogelio dela Rosa

Sarswela & Bodabil Stars


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Kundiman

Kundiman came around to be an art song at the end of thenineteenth century and by the early part of the twentiethcentury, its musical structure was formalized by Filipinocomposers such as Francisco Santiago and Nicanor Abelardo.

They sought poetry for their lyrics, blending verse and music inequal parts.

The melody and sentiment of the Kundiman tends not onlytoward the melancholy but also the cheerful and the

commitment of the heart to passion is celebrated in every piece. The singer of the kundiman expresses the pain and beauty of

love felt by every listener, for the kundiman is not merelyentertainment but an embodiment of collective emotion.


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Kundiman Maestros

Dr. Nicanor Abelardo Dr. Francisco Santiago


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Cinema

When two American entrepreneurs made a film in1912 about Jose Rizals execution, the sensation theymade it clear that the Filipinos need for material closeto their hearts. This heralded the making of the first

Filipino film. the first Filipino to make a film goes to Jose

Nepumuceno, whom historians dub as the Father ofPhilippine Movies.

Nepumucenos first film was based on a highly-

acclaimed musical play of that day, Dalagang Bukid(Country Maiden) by Hemogenes Ilagan and LeonIgnacio.


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Director, actor, writer and producer Julian Manansalasfilm Patria Amor e (Beloved Country) was almostsuppressed because of its anti-Spanish sentiments. Thisearned him the honor of being dubbed the Father of

the Nationalistic Film.

The first sound film in Tagalog was Ang Aswang, amonster movie inspired by Philippine folklore.

Jose Nepomuceno's Punyal na Ginto (Golden Dagger),

which premiered on March 9, 1933 was credited as thefirst completely sound movie to all-talking picture in thecountry.

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The Swinging Philippines