34
The Subjunctive Mood

The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

The Subjunctive Mood

Page 2: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Mood

Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about

IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing an

activity, event or state as unreal, possible or not necessarily true

Also used to make polite requests

Page 3: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

In English

The subjunctive mood has nearly disappeared

You still come across it in phrases like: “If I were you” “God save the Queen”

Page 4: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Subjunctive

There are 2 types of subjunctive referred to as:

Konjuntiv I Konjuntiv II

Page 5: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv I

Konjunktiv I is used in indirect speech It is used in written German and on news

programmes Use KI wherever possible, but if KI is the

same as the indicative, then use KII

Page 6: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv I

The use of the subjunctive indicates that the words being reported may not be true

The reader or listener must be the judge of that!

In English we use words like apparently, allegedly, supposedly

In German they can just use the subjunctive

Page 7: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv I

The TENSE of the subjunctive is normally the same as the original words used

However in reality it doesn’t matter because so many forms of the subjunctive are the same as the indicative.

The replacement rule occurs meaning a tense should be used which can be seen to be subjunctive

Page 8: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Formation

Take the STEM and add the following endings:

Ich mache Du machest Er mache Wir machen Ihr machet Sie machen

Page 9: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Sein (exception)

Ich sei Du seiest Er sei Wir seien Ihr seiet Sie seien

Page 10: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

Direct: She said, “I have written the letter” Sie sagte, “Ich habe den Brief geschrieben”

Indirect: She said (that) she had written the letter

Sie sagte, sie habe den Brief geschrieben

Page 11: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

They said they had written the letter Sie sagten, sie haben den Brief geschrieben This is the same as the indicative so Replace

with Konjunktiv II Sie sagten, sie hätten den Brief geschrieben

Page 12: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv I Direct

Present Ich schreibe den Brief Future Ich werde den Brief

schreiben Imperfect Ich schrieb den Brief Perfect Ich habe den Brief

geschrieben

Indirect

Sie sagte, sie schreibe den Brief

Sie sagte, sie werde den Brief schreiben

Sie sagte, sie habe den Brief geschrieben

Sie sagte, sie habe den Brief geschrieben(SAME)

Page 13: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Ich bin schön” Sie sagt, sie sei schön

“Ich kann nicht singen” Sie sagt, sie könne nicht singen

“Das Baby schläft immer bis 7Uhr” Die Mutter behauptet, das Baby schlafe immer bis

7Uhr

Page 14: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Ich habe keine Zeit” Er sagt, er habe keine Zeit

“Der Zug kommt um 16.00 an” Der Mann sagte mir, der Zug komme um 16.00 an

“Ich fahre immer mit dem Bus” Sie sagt, sie fahre immer mit dem Bus

Page 15: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Ich muss nach Hause gehen” Er sagt, er müsse nach Hause gehen

“Ich darf nicht zur Party kommen” Sie sagt, sie dürfe nicht zur Party kommen

“Der Film soll um 21.30 beginnen” Er meint, der Film solle um 21.30 beginnen

Page 16: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Man kann der Regierung trauen” Der Politiker sagt, man könne der Regierung

trauen

“Ich will fliegen können” Meine Schwester sagt, sie wolle fliegen

können

Page 17: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Ich habe Hunger” Er sagte, er habe Hunger

“Ich werde nicht kommen” Sie sagte, sie werde nicht kommen

“Du bist intelligent” Er sagte mir, ich sei intelligent

Page 18: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Ich werde nach Amerika fliegen” Sie sagt, sie werde nach Amerika fliegen

“Ich fliege nach Amerika” Sie sagt, sie fliege nach Amerika

Page 19: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Ich bin nach Amerika geflogen” Sie sagt, sie sei nach Amerika geflogen

“Ich flog nach Amerika” Sie sagt, sie sei nach Amerika geflogen

“Ich war nach Amerika geflogen” Sie sagt, sie sei nach Amerika geflogen

Page 20: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Examples

“Wann kommt er an?” Sie wollte wissen, wann er ankomme

“Wo ist das Geld?” Die Diebe fragten, wo das Geld sei

“Trinkst du immer noch so viel?” Sie hat ihn gefragt, ob er immer so viel trinke

Page 21: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

dass

If the indirect speech is in a sub-ordinate clause introduced by dass, the indicative is as common as the subjunctive

Sie sagte, sie habe den Brief geschrieben Sie sagte, dass sie den Brief geschrieben

hat/habe

Page 22: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Indirect Speech in Spoken German

KI sounds stilted in spoken German (except SEIN)

In everyday colloquial German the indicative or KII is used in indirect speech

Sie hat gesagt, sie hat es verstanden OR Sie hat gesagt, sie hätte es verstanden (rather than HABE, which would appear in

written German)

Page 23: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

If KII is used then it is often the würde form The simple form of KII is restricted to a few

common verbs in spoken German

Page 24: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv II

KII is used in sentences which express unreal conditions

Wenn ich Zeit hätte, käme ich gern mit If I had time, I would like to come with you

(Conditional sentences)

Page 25: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv II

Note the Konjunktiv II is used in both the wenn clause AND the main clause, which is different to English, which uses the past tense in the if-clause and the conditional in the main clause

Page 26: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

KI is not used in conditional sentences

The simple form or the compound form (using würde) may be used

Using würde twice should be avoided, although it is common in speech

Page 27: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Formation

Regular verbs – this is the normal imperfect

Ich machte Du machtest Er machte Wir machten Ihr machtet Sie machten

Page 28: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Strong verbs – add umlaut

käme ginge

müsste dürfte sollte wollte möchte könnte

Page 29: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv II

Also known as the imperfect subjunctive (as it is based on the imperfect tense)

Or the conditional

It is used in indirect speech when the KI is the same as the indicative

Page 30: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Konjunktiv II Direct

Present ,,Wir schreiben den Brief” Future ,,Wir werden den Brief

schreiben” Imperfect ,,Wir schrieben den Brief” Perfect ,,Wir haben den Brief

geschrieben”

Indirect

Sie sagten, sie schrieben den Brief

Sie sagten, sie würden den Brief schreiben

Sie sagten, sie hätten den Brief geschrieben

Sie sagten, sie hätten den Brief geschrieben

Page 31: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

The indicative is used in conditional sentences where there is a real possibility of conditions being met

Wenn sie krank ist, muss ich morgen allein kommen

Page 32: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Alternatives

Omit wenn in a wenn sentence! Wenn ich Zeit hätte, käme ich gern mit Hätte ich Zeit, käme ich gern mit

This occurs more in writing than in everyday speech

Page 33: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

Other uses of the subjunctive

Als ob (as if)

Es tat, als ob er krank wäre (It would be ok to use SEI here) Er weint, als ob er schmerzen hätte Es scheint, als ob es regnen würde

Page 34: The Subjunctive Mood. Mood Mood signals our attitude to what we are talking about IDICATIVE = presenting something as a fact SUBJUNCTIVE = we are characterizing

There is no difference in meaning between KI and KII in als ob clauses

KI is less frequent

The indicative can be used in colloquial German

Er tat, als ob er krank war