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The study of interactions between organisms and their environment .
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Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization• EcologistsEcologists have organized the have organized the
interactions an organism takes interactions an organism takes part in into part in into different levels different levels according to complexityaccording to complexity..
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11stst Level of Organization Level of Organization•Organism:Organism:
An individual An individual living thing that living thing that is made of is made of cells, cells, uses energy, uses energy, reproduces, reproduces, responds, grows responds, grows and develops, and develops, etc.etc.
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22ndnd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Population:Population:
A group of A group of organisms, all organisms, all of the of the same same speciesspecies, which , which interbreedinterbreed and and live in the live in the same place at same place at the same the same timetime..
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33rdrd Level of Organization Level of Organization•Community:Community:
All the All the populations of populations of different different speciesspecies that that live in the live in the same place at same place at the same time.the same time.
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44thth Level of Organization Level of Organization•Ecosystem:Ecosystem:
Populations of Populations of plants and animals plants and animals that interact with that interact with each other in a each other in a given area with the given area with the abiotic components abiotic components of that area. of that area. (terrestrial or (terrestrial or aquatic)aquatic) copyright cmassengale
individual
population
community
ecosystem
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What level of organization?What level of organization?
IndividuaIndividuall
OrganismOrganism
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What level of Organization?What level of Organization?
EcosystemEcosystemcopyright cmassengale
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What level of Organization?What level of Organization?
CommunityCommunitycopyright cmassengale
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What level of Organization?What level of Organization?
PopulationPopulation
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Organism- any living thing
Individual- one single organism
Population- organisms of one species living together in the same place at the same time
Community- populations of different species living in the same place at the same time
Ecosystem- interaction of organisms and nonliving factors in a specific area
Biotic- living organisms in an environment Ex: plants, animals, bacteria
Abiotic- nonliving parts of an environment Ex: soil, water, temperature, light, wind
Producer- organisms that make their own food, autotrophs
Consumers- organisms that rely on other organisms for food, heterotrophs
Scavenger- organisms that uses dead material as a food and energy source but do not return nutrient to soil ex: vulture
Food Chain- how energy in food moves through a community
Food Web- series of food chains that represent energy flow through an ecosystem
Decomposers- organisms that uses dead material as a food and energy source and return nutrients to soil, saprophyte ex: fungus bacteria
Primary (10) consumer- organism that eats a producer
Secondary (20) consumer- organism that eats a primary consumer
Tertiary (30) consumer- organism that eats a secondary consumer
Adaptation- structures, characteristics, and behaviors that increase an organisms’ chance of surviving and reproducing in an environment
Structural Adaptation- physical characteristic that increases survival, ex: hawk’s talons
Behavioral Adaptation- are actions that are used by an organism to help it survive
Ex; bears hibernate, birds migrate for winter
Climate- average weather in an area, determined by rainfall, temperature, and sunlight
Biome- large geographical areas that have similar climates and communities
Habitat- place where an organism lives in a community
Niche- role of a species within a community Ex; what it eats, how it gets its food, interaction with others
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55thth Level of Organization Level of Organization
•Biosphere:Biosphere:The The portion of portion of Earth that Earth that supports supports life.life.
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