Upload
leahcruz
View
110
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
An IRRI Seminar delivered by Abdelbagi Ismail, principal scientist at the Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, and project leader, STRASA, on 3 May 2012, at IRRI Headquarters. (Visit www.irri.org)
Citation preview
Abdelbagi M. Ismail
IRRI Rice Seminar Series
Current position: Principal Scientist-Plant Physiologist; STRASA Coordinator
Education and training:Ph.D. Botany; University of California, Riverside June, 1992MSc, Water relations, Univ. Of Khartoum January, 1987BSc, Agronomy, Univ. of Khartoum June, 1983
Work experienceJan 2012- present Principal Scientist, Plant Physiologist; IRRI2004 – 2011 Senior Scientist, Plant Physiologist; IRRI2000 – 2004 Scientist, Plant Physiologist, IRRI1992 – 2000 Post-graduate Plant Physiologist; UC, Riverside, USAResearch highlights: Help in the development of varieties tolerant of
major abiotic stress; emphasizing submergence (germination, vegetative stages, stagnant flooding) and salinity/other soil problems. Our team develop phenotyping protocols, identify and characterize donors, study bases of tolerance, support breeding, evaluation and outscaling, and develop strategies for managing the new tolerant varieties to maximize their benefits in farmers’ fields.
Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Uma S. Singh and
STRASA Team
The STRASA project “reversing the adverse”
Overview of STRASA STRASA productsOutreach: partnerships in evaluation, seed multiplication and disseminationTargeting and awarenessTracking and impactsPolicy influence and success elements
Outlines:
Overview of the STRASA
Phase I: late 2007 to March 2011‒ 3 countries in South Asia (Indian, Nepal,
Bangladesh) and 14 in Africa
Phase II: April 2011 to March 2014‒ 3 countries in S. Asia and 18 in Africa
Phase III: ?
A. Germplasm developmentDrought tolerant rice Submergence tolerant riceSalt tolerant rice (& other soil problems)
Objectives of Phase 2
− Identify tolerant donors,− Elucidate bases of tolerance & QTLs/genes involved− Develop and test tolerant lines with farmers
B. Delivery and ImpactScale up seed multiplication, dissemination, varietal tracking, adoption, and impact assessment
Enhance the capacity of researchers, seed producers, and extension agents
Ensure communication among partners & provide timely information to governments & the public
C. Project management: monitor project progress and ensure timely achievement of milestones and reporting
Objectives…
Intermediate Goal: vision of success of Phase 2
Asia Africa Total
Farmers reached
4,600,000 400,000 5.000.000
Seeds (tons) 25,000 10,000 35,000
Floods Salt stressDrought
~75,000 t of seeds produced through informal systems ~ 20 million farmers reached over 10 years
Drought tolerant varieties
Six drought tolerant varieties released during 2009-11
Yield advantage of 0.8 -1.2 t ha-1 under moderate to severe drought, but with no penalty under non-stress conditions
Sahbhagi dhan in India
Tarharra 1 in Nepal Sahod Ulan 1 in Philippines
Products: Breeding stress tolerant varieties
Sahbhagi Dhan; a drought tolerant variety released in India, Bangladesh and Nepal
Progress in drought breeding
Swarna sub 1
Swarna-Sub1 lLs with DTY
QTLs
Swarna-Sub1 lLs with DTY
QTLs
Swarna-Sub1 + drought
IR64 NILsIR64Five major QTLs (DTY1.1, DTY2.2, DTY8.1, DTY9.1 & DTY12.1) for grain yield being targeted for breeding
Introgression lines with 0.5 to 1.0 t ha-1 higher than IR64 & Swarna under drought but similar yield under control conditions
IR64 NILs with yield advantage of 0.7 to 1.2 t ha-1 under drought, with similar grain quality
Vandna NILs with yield advantage of 0.3 to 0.5 t ha-1 under drought
Arvind Kumar
Drought phenotyping strengthened at IRRI (infrared thermography & NDVI)
2010 Prototype sensor rack for IRRI rainout shelters
semi-automated NDVI and IRT
Sensor rack upgraded in 2011-2012Automated, with data-loggersOptions for spectral indices and NDVI Higher-accuracy IR sensors to replace thermal images
Amelia Henry
Drought phenotyping strengthened at 14 sites to characterize stress severity
Rainfall measurementsWater table depthTensiometers
Tarharra, Nepal NDUAT, FaizabadICAR, Patna
BRRI, Gazipur IGKV, Raipur JNKVV, RewaHardinath, Nepal
Alimganj Paba Rajshahi, Bangladesh
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
10/1
/201
1
10/4
/201
1
10/7
/201
1
10/1
0/201
1
10/1
3/201
1
10/1
6/201
1
10/1
9/201
1
10/2
2/201
1
10/2
5/201
1
10/2
8/201
1
10/3
1/201
1
11/3
/201
1
11/6
/201
1
so
il w
ate
r p
ote
nti
al (
-kP
a)
Barwale Foundation
Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Hazaribag, Jharkand. Direct seeding using Sabhagi dhan. Surrounding fields were not planted due to early drought
farmers' field day in Tripura
Ten Sub1 varieties being evaluated in different countries Consistent yield advantage of 1 to over 3 t/ha under stress, with +ve/no -ve impacts in absence of stressEffective at all stages of development
Submergence tolerant varieties
Nursery Vegetative Reproductive
Swarna-Sub1
Swarna
Swarna-Sub1
Swarna
October 1, 2010, Mymensingh district, Bangladesh
Swarna-Sub117 d of submergence
Re-transplanted local varieties
Submergence tolerant varieties
Swarna-Sub1; Yield 4 ton/ha
Pooja
Older seedlings for
Retransplanting
Pooja
Pooja
Puri district., Orissa; Sept 29, 2011
Stagnant flooding tolerance
Physiological studies Partial, 30-50 cm for most of the season
Characterize vegetative growth responses to SF in tolerant and sensitive lines
Elucidate tolerance mechanisms at vegetative and reproductive stage
Develop strategies for breeding Yoichi Kato
SF tolerance: variations among selected enotypes
Two tolerant checks (IRRI119; intermediate type, IRRI154;
semi-dwarf type) have different elongation strategies
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 20 40 60 80
Fraction of light interception(above water; SF)
Plant elongation rate at vegetative stage (cm/d)
Relative stem number(SF/ non-stress)
Days after transplanting Days after transplanting
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
IRRI119IRRI154PSBRc18-Sub1Swarna-Sub1
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
IRR
I154
IRR
I119
PS
BR
c18-S
ub
1
Sw
arna-
Su
b1
Stagnantflooding
Non-stress
Two major QTLs for AG identified: AG1 (chr. 9L) & AG2 (chr. 7L)
AG1 NIL characterization, fine-mapping & gene validation ongoing
NILs for fine mapping of AG2 & for breeding developed
MABC to transfer AG1 and AG2 into several varieties ongoing
Novel QTLs identified from diverse germplasm (TKM9, Nanhi, and Kharsu)
Pyramiding of SUB1 + AG QTLs in progress
AG-7-1 (AG2):
LOD=16.8; R2=30%
Mazhan Red IR42
E. Septiningsih
Tolerance during germination (AG)
Lines combining Sub1 and other traits
Sub1 + stagnant flooding tolerant lines being evaluated
Further improvements of Swarna-Sub1:–Pyramiding of 4 bacterial blight
genes–Photoperiod sensitive Swarna-
Sub1, maturity classes–Swarna-Sub1-type lines with
Stagnant flood tolerance IRRI field screening pond (G12) March 2012
Bert Collard
Salt tolerant varieties
Outscaling:
Inland: CSR 27, CSR 30, CSR 36, Narendra Usar Dhan 3, CSR 43
Coastal: BRRI Dhan 47,
Breeding lines: CSR-89IR-8, NDRK 5083, IR 50404, IR51491-AC5-4-SC3-19-HR2, IR73571-3B-7-1, IR 72046-B-R-3-3-3-1
CSR-89IR-8
1.CSR43 (CSR89-IR8) for sodic soils selected via PVS trials in UP
2.CR dhan 405 “Luna Sankhi” (IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1), released by Odisha state for dry season
3.CR Dhan 406 “Luna Barial” released for WS in Odisha
4.BRRI dhan 55 “AS996” for Boro/aus season Bangladesh (Sub1 version in VN)
Proposed for Boro in Bangladesh:‒ BR7105-4R-2‒ IR72579-B-3-2-3-3‒ IR64197-3B-14-2
New Salt Tolerant varieties released (2011/12)
G. Gregorio
BRRI Dhan 47 in farmer’s field at
Satkira, Bangladesh
BRRI Dhan 47
BRRI Dhan 28
Khandagiri
CR dhan 405
Saltol introgressed into:• BRRI dhan 28• BRRI dhan 29• BRRI dhan 11• IR64
Saltol and Sub1 in:• BRRI dhan 11• IR64• Swarna• Two elite lines, IR84645-311-22-1-B &
IR84649-81-4-B-B
Marker-assisted introgression of Saltol
1 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 121 32 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 122 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 124 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 125 6 7 8 9 10 11 126 7 8 9 10 11 127 8 9 10 11 128 9 10 11 129 10 11 1210 11 1211 1212
Several QTLs identified form different sources of tolerance
Major novel QTLs from specific donorsWhole genome sequence-based cloningCombining best QTLs/alleles for higher tolerance
Damien Platten
Developing more resilient varieties (2012/13)
Multiple QTLs for the same stress (salinity, AG, drought)
Multiple QTLs for different stresses (SUB1 + DT, SUB1+AG+SF, SUB1+salt tolerance, SUB1 + Bacterial blight)
Stress tolerant varieties released for outscalling (2009/12)
Line/Variety India Bangladesh Nepal
Submergence tolerantIR05F102 Swarna-Sub1 (2009) BRRI dhan-51 (2010) Swarna-Sub1 (2011)
IR07F290 BRRI dhan-52 (2010)
IR077101 Submitted (UP) S. Mahsuri-Sub1 (2011)
Drought tolerantIR74371-46-1-1 Sukhadhan-1 (2011)
IR74371-54-1-1 Sukhadhan-2 (2011)
IR74371-70-1-1 Sahbhagi dhan (2010) BRRI dhan 56 (2011)
Sukhadhan-3 (2011)
IR44253XSwarna Indira Barani dhan1 (2010)
IR 80411-B-49-1 Tarhara-1
Varieties released…..
Line/Variety India Bangladesh
BRRI dhan 53 (2010)
BRRI dhan 54 (2010)
IR66946-3R-149-1-1 BINA dhan-8 2010)
AS996 BRRI dhan-55 (2011)
CSR89-IR8 CSR43 (UP, India)
IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1 CR dhan 405 “Luna Sankhi”
CR Dhan 406 CR Dhan 406 “Luna Barial”
19 varieties were released in SA, 7 of them in Phase 2
Others like Ciherang-Sub1; S. Mahsuri-Sub1 targeted for release
Salt tolerant varieties
Partnerships, seed multiplication & dissemination
Partner's Category India B'desh Nepal Total
Research Institutions 15 3 3 21Universities 18 4 1 23
Government Organizations/programs 16 6 2 24
Private Seed Companies/Seed Growers 41 201 8 148Public Sector Seed Corporations 8 1 9NGOs 15 39 3 57Farmers’ Organizations/Progressive Farmers (Seed producers) 15 11 1 27
International Organizations 3 3 6TOTAL 131 267 18 416
Partners, networks and roles
Careful selection of partners based on needs and capabilities
Seed multiplication and dissemination
Led by NARES partners with STRASA playing a catalytic/coordination role => ownership
Additional roles:‒ Process documentation for tracking of seeds and for
assessing impact (formal/informal)‒ Support studies; e.g. optimize minikit size and number
per village, document formal and informal seed sector, use of IT tools for data capture and communication to reduce errors and speed progress, etc..
‒ Ensure tracking of need and support of demand for varieties that are spreading fast among farmers: e.g. Swarna-Sub1, Sahbhagi dhan (India), BRRI dhan 51, 52, & 47 (Bangladesh)
How much to produce and of which variety?
Over 20,000 tons of seed of STV produced in the wet season of 2011, market capacity?
Swarna-Sub1 estimated to be grown by ~ 1.12 million farmers during the wet season of 2011, How much is needed in subsequent seasons?
How far could a project support a variety (20% sat.)
Seed production through national programs (semi-formal)
NFSM distributed ~ 300,000 minikits of STRVs to farmers; including Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 and IR64-Sub1 as a pre-release varieties
BGREI project demonstrations in over 1,950 ha
Bihar government distributed 100 tons of Swarna-Sub1 under their seed village program
Large scale promotion programs by State Governments, as in UP, Bihar and Odisha
DAE, Bangladesh, distributed 19 tons for multiplication by farmers in 44 districts.
Coverage in Bangladesh reached 54 districts out of 64 districts in the country
Cropping pattern of South Asia
Legend
01. Rainfed-rice
02. Irrigated-GW-rice
03. Irrigated-SW-rice
kharif (2010-11) Winter + summer (2010-11)
Morali Gumma & Andy Nelson
Targeting
AN Singh
Targeting…
Targeted Villages for Dissemination of Sub1 varieties in Bhadrak, Orissa
Vill_Code Village Name728 Ambroli775 Atto755 Bagamara738 Bahadalpur839 Balabhadrapur826 Balajitpada729 Bandhgn778 Bania727 Bantia831 Baradadihi807 Baranga862 Barapada766 Basuapada770 Basudebpur780 Bhagabanpur827 Bilabari748 Chadheya
774
Toranpada
List of villages
Determining target domains and needs
Flash flood-prone areas in UP (2106 villages in 14 districts, Bihar (3360 villages in 11 districts) and Orissa (5688 villages in 9 districts) in India
Drought prone areas in UP and Banka districts in Bihar
Lists of villages with sodic soils in Uttar Pradesh
Site suitability analysis for dissemination of salt-tolerant rice varieties in Southern Bangladesh (identified 4070 mauzas in 498 unions, 65 upzilas in 12 districts with low to medium salinity)
Outputs: characterization of stress-prone areas
BINA dhan 8 demonstration plot in saline area in Chittagong
Awareness to create market demandVisible demonstrations (up to one ha) for farmers and officials Trials in farmers fields (PVS, breeding networks, field days etc)Minikit programsMedia
(Boro 2010/11)
Large scale seed demos and production plots(CR dhan 405; coastal Orissa & WB
Good harvest of IR72046-B-R-3-3-3-1
Saline Soils
PVS sites for drought, 2011-2012
On-station trials
On farm trials
HazaribagRajshahi
Raipur
Nepalgunj
Hardinath
Faizabad
RanchiBRRI
S. Haefele & T. Paris
Tracking and impact
Tracking of formal seed distribution‒ Public sector, private seed companies‒ Seed production, distribution, retailers…
Semi-formal and informal‒ Seed village programs‒ Government schemes (BGREI, FSM)‒ Farmer to farmer‒ Random surveys (neighbors, ATAI in Orissa
and WB; smart phones)
• To assess farmer-to-farmer distribution of stress-tolerant rice seeds in SA.‒ To design more effective seed dissemination
programs; ‒ To forecast the diffusion of seeds of the stress-
tolerant varieties in the future. • To estimate the impact of adoption of STRV in
mitigating losses due to abiotic stresses.
Example: Seed neighbors Surveys
Takashi Yamano
First Season
U
NGO U
V
V
V
VV
Sub 11
Sub 11
‒ U: Original users (4);‒ V: villigers receiving seeds from U (12)
Second Season
U
U
V
V
V
VV
Why not?
Bina dhan 8 in Bahrampur Mauza, Patuakhali District, Boro 2012
Tracking field demos
Dots indicate location of demonstration sites in the block
Swarna-Sub1 field demonstrations in Maharajganj District, U.P.
On Google map
Rice Area
Rice Area622 ha
Rice Area2438 ha
Rice Area2752 ha
March 2010April 2003 April 2009
Monitor changes in rice area/varieties through satellite images
Increase in rice area attributed to introduction of IR72046 (CR dhan 405) during Rabi/Summer Season
Support tools
Smart phones‒ For short surveys and real-time tracking ‒ Simple surveys limited to vital information‒ Immediate capture and processing‒ Considerable reduction in time and error
factors‒ Easier extraction of information and
reporting
General Information
Date of Survey
Name of the Farmer
Gender
Country
State
District
Block / Upazila
Village
Location
Use of Produce
Total Produce (kg)
Productivity (t/ha)
Consumed (kg)
Saved for seed next season (kg)
Sold or Exchanged as seed with other farmers(kg)Number of farmers to whom supplied as seed
Sold as grain
var2
Var 1Varieties cultivated in neighboring field
Crop Production Data
Variety
Crop Season
Year
Seed Received (kg)
Seed Type
Seed Source
Area Cultivated
Abiotic stress detail: Date Duration
Support tools...
Seed calculator for planning seed production‒ Estimating seed requirements of particular variety for
specific region over specified time period‒ Determine when to stop supporting a particular variety
(20% saturation) ‒ Input data into the “Seed road map”
Seed road maps: sets the longer-term strategy for a particular country/region− Help set the breeding targets; varieties, amount of seed− Partners needed; seed producers, distributors etc− Awareness and support of officials for informed decisions− Help set future research and development targets
Target: 3 years for S. Asia
Swarna-Sub1 Timeline in in India
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
2 kg
~ 700 ~5,000
PartnersNARES(2)
NARES(8)
+ NGOs, FOs, Seed Co (P)(22)
+ NFSM, State Govs., Seed Co (P&Pv), NGOs, IPs (54)
100 public & private sector
Multiplication Evaluation Evaluation, Demonstration
Seed Mult (boro)
Release (June), Seed Mult. (BS +TL), Demonstr.
100 kg 3,000 kg 15 tons
BS: 170 tonsTL: 450 tonsFS : > 500 t
BS/FS/CS/TL,10,000 t (+FS)
>100,000
• Swarna-Sub1 will reach >3 million farmers in India by 2012
• Sub1 varieties already moving into 10 other countries in Asia; beginning in Africa LAC
• Use of sub1 gene by private companies in hybrid rice breeding
Activities
Seed amount
No. of Farmers
Dissemination, adoption, tracking & impact assessment
2011
>130 public & private sectors
BS/FS/CS/TL, 40000 t (+FS)
>1 million
Future use of seed calculator
Summary:
Greater interest in developing unfavorable areas
More flexibility to adjust seed guidelines and policies
Changes in testing strategies and guides for release‒ Shortening duration for release‒ Allowing production and distribution of seeds of pre-
released lines
Efforts to improve seed systems, including partnership with private sector (Bangladesh & Nepal)
Private sector showing increased interest in marketing inbred seeds of stress tolerant varieties
Policy influence
“Marketable products” e.g. tolerant versions of popular varieties; new varietiesEffective networks of partners including private sector for sustainable systemsStrong awareness programs to generate interest of partners and demand from farmersStrong NARES support:
‒ Stimulate investments in seed systems & infrastructures
‒ Establish effective seed policies and guidelinesAdditional investments through parallel programs from governments, NGOs, other donors; e.g. EC-IFAD, USAID.
Elements of success; examplesSummary…
Uma Shankar Singh
Regional Coordinator, SA
David J. MackillOverall Project Advisor
Manzoor Hussain Dar
Seed upscaling and coordination
for South Asia
M.A. Bari Project manager,
Bangladesh
Arvind Kumar Leader, Objective 1
(Drought)
Bertrand Collard Leader, Objective 2
(Submergence)
Glenn Gregorio Leader, Objective 3
(Salinity)
Thelma Paris Gender and PVS
Stephan Haefele Coordinator PVS
P.G. BiswasDatabase
management for South Asia
Thanks to all STRASA Team
Andy NelsonMurali GummaDavid RaitzerTao Li
Amelia HenryNollie Vera CruzEd RedoñaE. SeptiningsihNoel Magor
And STRASA Support Staff
Krystle A.M. AmbayecOverall Coordination,
IRRI Philippines
Marilyn A. RalaAdministrative
support
Daisy C.R. Lampayan
Professional service
Rohit KataraProject coordination,
India-based
Shaivya SinghCommunication Specialist,
India-based
Mayank SharmaDatabase management
support, India
Maria Rowena M. BaltazarCommunication/Multimedia
Specialist
TC Dhoundiyalcoordination for
South Asia
Staff in Bangladesh
office
IRRI Management
Finance and accounting offices
DRPC
Physiology Group
Thank YOU!